[PATCH 6.19 423/781] rust: devres: fix race condition due to nesting

Greg Kroah-Hartman
2026-02-25T01:34:47Z

From: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>

[ Upstream commit ba268514ea14b44570030e8ed2aef92a38679e85 ]

Commit f5d3ef25d238 ("rust: devres: get rid of Devres' inner Arc") did
attempt to optimize away the internal reference count of Devres.

However, without an internal reference count, we can't support cases
where Devres is indirectly nested, resulting into a deadlock.

Such indirect nesting easily happens in the following way:

A registration object (which is guarded by devres) hold a reference
count of an object that holds a device resource guarded by devres
itself.

For instance a drm::Registration holds a reference of a drm::Device. The
drm::Device itself holds a device resource in its private data.

When the drm::Registration is dropped by devres, and it happens that it
did hold the last reference count of the drm::Device, it also drops the
device resource, which is guarded by devres itself.

Thus, resulting into a deadlock in the Devres destructor of the device
resource, as in the following backtrace.

sysrq: Show Blocked State
task:rmmod state:D stack:0 pid:1331 tgid:1331 ppid:1330 task_flags:0x400100 flags:0x00000010
Call trace:
__switch_to+0x190/0x294 (T)
__schedule+0x878/0xf10
schedule+0x4c/0xcc
schedule_timeout+0x44/0x118
wait_for_common+0xc0/0x18c
wait_for_completion+0x18/0x24
_RINvNtCs4gKlGRWyJ5S_4core3ptr13drop_in_placeINtNtNtCsgzhNYVB7wSz_6kernel4sync3arc3ArcINtNtBN_6devres6DevresmEEECsRdyc7Hyps3_15rust_driver_pci+0x68/0xe8 [rust_driver_pci]
_RINvNvNtCsgzhNYVB7wSz_6kernel6devres16register_foreign8callbackINtNtCs4gKlGRWyJ5S_4core3pin3PinINtNtNtB6_5alloc4kbox3BoxINtNtNtB6_4sync3arc3ArcINtB4_6DevresmEENtNtB1A_9allocator7KmallocEEECsRdyc7Hyps3_15rust_driver_pci+0x34/0xc8 [rust_driver_pci]
devm_action_release+0x14/0x20
devres_release_all+0xb8/0x118
device_release_driver_internal+0x1c4/0x28c
driver_detach+0x94/0xd4
bus_remove_driver+0xdc/0x11c
driver_unregister+0x34/0x58
pci_unregister_driver+0x20/0x80
__arm64_sys_delete_module+0x1d8/0x254
invoke_syscall+0x40/0xcc
el0_svc_common+0x8c/0xd8
do_el0_svc+0x1c/0x28
el0_svc+0x54/0x1d4
el0t_64_sync_handler+0x84/0x12c
el0t_64_sync+0x198/0x19c

In order to fix this, re-introduce the internal reference count.

Reported-by: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@collabora.com>
Closes: https://rust-for-linux.zulipchat.com/#narrow/channel/288089-General/topic/.E2.9C.94.20Deadlock.20caused.20by.20nested.20Devres/with/571242651
Reported-by: Markus Probst <markus.probst@posteo.de>
Closes: https://rust-for-linux.zulipchat.com/#narrow/channel/288089-General/topic/.E2.9C.94.20Devres.20inside.20Devres.20stuck.20on.20cleanup/with/571239721
Reported-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com>
Closes: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/panfrost/linux/-/merge_requests/56#note_3282757
Fixes: f5d3ef25d238 ("rust: devres: get rid of Devres' inner Arc")
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com>
Tested-by: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@collabora.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260205222529.91465-1-dakr@kernel.org
[ Call clone() prior to devm_add_action(). - Danilo ]
Signed-off-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
rust/kernel/devres.rs | 149 ++++++++++++------------------------------
1 file changed, 40 insertions(+), 109 deletions(-)

diff --git a/rust/kernel/devres.rs b/rust/kernel/devres.rs
index db02f8b1788d4..a9917ce71ded4 100644
--- a/rust/kernel/devres.rs
+++ b/rust/kernel/devres.rs
@@ -21,30 +21,11 @@
sync::{
aref::ARef,
rcu,
- Completion, //
- },
- types::{
- ForeignOwnable,
- Opaque,
- ScopeGuard, //
+ Arc, //
},
+ types::ForeignOwnable,
};

-use pin_init::Wrapper;
-
-/// [`Devres`] inner data accessed from [`Devres::callback`].
-#[pin_data]
-struct Inner<T: Send> {
- #[pin]
- data: Revocable<T>,
- /// Tracks whether [`Devres::callback`] has been completed.
- #[pin]
- devm: Completion,
- /// Tracks whether revoking [`Self::data`] has been completed.
- #[pin]
- revoke: Completion,
-}
-
/// This abstraction is meant to be used by subsystems to containerize [`Device`] bound resources to
/// manage their lifetime.
///
@@ -118,18 +99,13 @@ struct Inner<T: Send> {
/// # fn no_run(dev: &Device<Bound>) -> Result<(), Error> {
/// // SAFETY: Invalid usage for example purposes.
/// let iomem = unsafe { IoMem::<{ core::mem::size_of::<u32>() }>::new(0xBAAAAAAD)? };
-/// let devres = KBox::pin_init(Devres::new(dev, iomem), GFP_KERNEL)?;
+/// let devres = Devres::new(dev, iomem)?;
///
/// let res = devres.try_access().ok_or(ENXIO)?;
/// res.write8(0x42, 0x0);
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
-///
-/// # Invariants
-///
-/// `Self::inner` is guaranteed to be initialized and is always accessed read-only.
-#[pin_data(PinnedDrop)]
pub struct Devres<T: Send> {
dev: ARef<Device>,
/// Pointer to [`Self::devres_callback`].
@@ -137,14 +113,7 @@ pub struct Devres<T: Send> {
/// Has to be stored, since Rust does not guarantee to always return the same address for a
/// function. However, the C API uses the address as a key.
callback: unsafe extern "C" fn(*mut c_void),
- /// Contains all the fields shared with [`Self::callback`].
- // TODO: Replace with `UnsafePinned`, once available.
- //
- // Subsequently, the `drop_in_place()` in `Devres::drop` and `Devres::new` as well as the
- // explicit `Send` and `Sync' impls can be removed.
- #[pin]
- inner: Opaque<Inner<T>>,
- _add_action: (),
+ data: Arc<Revocable<T>>,
}

impl<T: Send> Devres<T> {
@@ -152,74 +121,48 @@ impl<T: Send> Devres<T> {
///
/// The `data` encapsulated within the returned `Devres` instance' `data` will be
/// (revoked)[`Revocable`] once the device is detached.
- pub fn new<'a, E>(
- dev: &'a Device<Bound>,
- data: impl PinInit<T, E> + 'a,
- ) -> impl PinInit<Self, Error> + 'a
+ pub fn new<E>(dev: &Device<Bound>, data: impl PinInit<T, E>) -> Result<Self>
where
- T: 'a,
Error: From<E>,
{
- try_pin_init!(&this in Self {
- dev: dev.into(),
- callback: Self::devres_callback,
- // INVARIANT: `inner` is properly initialized.
- inner <- Opaque::pin_init(try_pin_init!(Inner {
- devm <- Completion::new(),
- revoke <- Completion::new(),
- data <- Revocable::new(data),
- })),
- // TODO: Replace with "initializer code blocks" [1] once available.
- //
- // [1] https://github.com/Rust-for-Linux/pin-init/pull/69
- _add_action: {
- // SAFETY: `this` is a valid pointer to uninitialized memory.
- let inner = unsafe { &raw mut (*this.as_ptr()).inner };
+ let callback = Self::devres_callback;
+ let data = Arc::pin_init(Revocable::new(data), GFP_KERNEL)?;
+ let devres_data = data.clone();

- // SAFETY:
- // - `dev.as_raw()` is a pointer to a valid bound device.
- // - `inner` is guaranteed to be a valid for the duration of the lifetime of `Self`.
- // - `devm_add_action()` is guaranteed not to call `callback` until `this` has been
- // properly initialized, because we require `dev` (i.e. the *bound* device) to
- // live at least as long as the returned `impl PinInit<Self, Error>`.
- to_result(unsafe {
- bindings::devm_add_action(dev.as_raw(), Some(*callback), inner.cast())
- }).inspect_err(|_| {
- let inner = Opaque::cast_into(inner);
+ // SAFETY:
+ // - `dev.as_raw()` is a pointer to a valid bound device.
+ // - `data` is guaranteed to be a valid for the duration of the lifetime of `Self`.
+ // - `devm_add_action()` is guaranteed not to call `callback` for the entire lifetime of
+ // `dev`.
+ to_result(unsafe {
+ bindings::devm_add_action(
+ dev.as_raw(),
+ Some(callback),
+ Arc::as_ptr(&data).cast_mut().cast(),
+ )
+ })?;

- // SAFETY: `inner` is a valid pointer to an `Inner<T>` and valid for both reads
- // and writes.
- unsafe { core::ptr::drop_in_place(inner) };
- })?;
- },
- })
- }
+ // `devm_add_action()` was successful and has consumed the reference count.
+ core::mem::forget(devres_data);

- fn inner(&self) -> &Inner<T> {
- // SAFETY: By the type invairants of `Self`, `inner` is properly initialized and always
- // accessed read-only.
- unsafe { &*self.inner.get() }
+ Ok(Self {
+ dev: dev.into(),
+ callback,
+ data,
+ })
}

fn data(&self) -> &Revocable<T> {
- &self.inner().data
+ &self.data
}

#[allow(clippy::missing_safety_doc)]
unsafe extern "C" fn devres_callback(ptr: *mut kernel::ffi::c_void) {
- // SAFETY: In `Self::new` we've passed a valid pointer to `Inner` to `devm_add_action()`,
- // hence `ptr` must be a valid pointer to `Inner`.
- let inner = unsafe { &*ptr.cast::<Inner<T>>() };
+ // SAFETY: In `Self::new` we've passed a valid pointer of `Revocable<T>` to
+ // `devm_add_action()`, hence `ptr` must be a valid pointer to `Revocable<T>`.
+ let data = unsafe { Arc::from_raw(ptr.cast::<Revocable<T>>()) };

- // Ensure that `inner` can't be used anymore after we signal completion of this callback.
- let inner = ScopeGuard::new_with_data(inner, |inner| inner.devm.complete_all());
-
- if !inner.data.revoke() {
- // If `revoke()` returns false, it means that `Devres::drop` already started revoking
- // `data` for us. Hence we have to wait until `Devres::drop` signals that it
- // completed revoking `data`.
- inner.revoke.wait_for_completion();
- }
+ data.revoke();
}

fn remove_action(&self) -> bool {
@@ -231,7 +174,7 @@ fn remove_action(&self) -> bool {
bindings::devm_remove_action_nowarn(
self.dev.as_raw(),
Some(self.callback),
- core::ptr::from_ref(self.inner()).cast_mut().cast(),
+ core::ptr::from_ref(self.data()).cast_mut().cast(),
)
} == 0)
}
@@ -302,31 +245,19 @@ unsafe impl<T: Send> Send for Devres<T> {}
// SAFETY: `Devres` can be shared with any task, if `T: Sync`.
unsafe impl<T: Send + Sync> Sync for Devres<T> {}

-#[pinned_drop]
-impl<T: Send> PinnedDrop for Devres<T> {
- fn drop(self: Pin<&mut Self>) {
+impl<T: Send> Drop for Devres<T> {
+ fn drop(&mut self) {
// SAFETY: When `drop` runs, it is guaranteed that nobody is accessing the revocable data
// anymore, hence it is safe not to wait for the grace period to finish.
if unsafe { self.data().revoke_nosync() } {
// We revoked `self.data` before the devres action did, hence try to remove it.
- if !self.remove_action() {
- // We could not remove the devres action, which means that it now runs concurrently,
- // hence signal that `self.data` has been revoked by us successfully.
- self.inner().revoke.complete_all();
-
- // Wait for `Self::devres_callback` to be done using this object.
- self.inner().devm.wait_for_completion();
+ if self.remove_action() {
+ // SAFETY: In `Self::new` we have taken an additional reference count of `self.data`
+ // for `devm_add_action()`. Since `remove_action()` was successful, we have to drop
+ // this additional reference count.
+ drop(unsafe { Arc::from_raw(Arc::as_ptr(&self.data)) });
}
- } else {
- // `Self::devres_callback` revokes `self.data` for us, hence wait for it to be done
- // using this object.
- self.inner().devm.wait_for_completion();
}
-
- // INVARIANT: At this point it is guaranteed that `inner` can't be accessed any more.
- //
- // SAFETY: `inner` is valid for dropping.
- unsafe { core::ptr::drop_in_place(self.inner.get()) };
}
}

--
2.51.0