[PATCH 6.12 115/265] hwmon: (max16065) Use READ/WRITE_ONCE to avoid compiler optimization induced race

Greg Kroah-Hartman
2026-03-12T20:19:18Z

From: Gui-Dong Han <hanguidong02@gmail.com>

[ Upstream commit 007be4327e443d79c9dd9e56dc16c36f6395d208 ]

Simply copying shared data to a local variable cannot prevent data
races. The compiler is allowed to optimize away the local copy and
re-read the shared memory, causing a Time-of-Check Time-of-Use (TOCTOU)
issue if the data changes between the check and the usage.

To enforce the use of the local variable, use READ_ONCE() when reading
the shared data and WRITE_ONCE() when updating it. Apply these macros to
the three identified locations (curr_sense, adc, and fault) where local
variables are used for error validation, ensuring the value remains
consistent.

Reported-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/6fe17868327207e8b850cf9f88b7dc58b2021f73.camel@decadent.org.uk/
Fixes: f5bae2642e3d ("hwmon: Driver for MAX16065 System Manager and compatibles")
Fixes: b8d5acdcf525 ("hwmon: (max16065) Use local variable to avoid TOCTOU")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Gui-Dong Han <hanguidong02@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260203121443.5482-1-hanguidong02@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
drivers/hwmon/max16065.c | 26 +++++++++++++-------------
1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/hwmon/max16065.c b/drivers/hwmon/max16065.c
index 4c9e7892a73c1..43fbb9b26b102 100644
--- a/drivers/hwmon/max16065.c
+++ b/drivers/hwmon/max16065.c
@@ -151,27 +151,27 @@ static struct max16065_data *max16065_update_device(struct device *dev)
int i;

for (i = 0; i < data->num_adc; i++)
- data->adc[i]
- = max16065_read_adc(client, MAX16065_ADC(i));
+ WRITE_ONCE(data->adc[i],
+ max16065_read_adc(client, MAX16065_ADC(i)));

if (data->have_current) {
- data->adc[MAX16065_NUM_ADC]
- = max16065_read_adc(client, MAX16065_CSP_ADC);
- data->curr_sense
- = i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client,
- MAX16065_CURR_SENSE);
+ WRITE_ONCE(data->adc[MAX16065_NUM_ADC],
+ max16065_read_adc(client, MAX16065_CSP_ADC));
+ WRITE_ONCE(data->curr_sense,
+ i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client, MAX16065_CURR_SENSE));
}

for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
- data->fault[i]
- = i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client, MAX16065_FAULT(i));
+ WRITE_ONCE(data->fault[i],
+ i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client, MAX16065_FAULT(i)));

/*
* MAX16067 and MAX16068 have separate undervoltage and
* overvoltage alarm bits. Squash them together.
*/
if (data->chip == max16067 || data->chip == max16068)
- data->fault[0] |= data->fault[1];
+ WRITE_ONCE(data->fault[0],
+ data->fault[0] | data->fault[1]);

data->last_updated = jiffies;
data->valid = true;
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ static ssize_t max16065_alarm_show(struct device *dev,
{
struct sensor_device_attribute_2 *attr2 = to_sensor_dev_attr_2(da);
struct max16065_data *data = max16065_update_device(dev);
- int val = data->fault[attr2->nr];
+ int val = READ_ONCE(data->fault[attr2->nr]);

if (val < 0)
return val;
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ static ssize_t max16065_input_show(struct device *dev,
{
struct sensor_device_attribute *attr = to_sensor_dev_attr(da);
struct max16065_data *data = max16065_update_device(dev);
- int adc = data->adc[attr->index];
+ int adc = READ_ONCE(data->adc[attr->index]);

if (unlikely(adc < 0))
return adc;
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ static ssize_t max16065_current_show(struct device *dev,
struct device_attribute *da, char *buf)
{
struct max16065_data *data = max16065_update_device(dev);
- int curr_sense = data->curr_sense;
+ int curr_sense = READ_ONCE(data->curr_sense);

if (unlikely(curr_sense < 0))
return curr_sense;
--
2.51.0