[PATCH 6.18 258/277] usb: gadget: f_eem: Fix net_device lifecycle with device_move

Greg Kroah-Hartman
2026-04-08T18:39:32Z

From: Kuen-Han Tsai <khtsai@google.com>

commit d9270c9a8118c1535409db926ac1e2545dc97b81 upstream.

The net_device is allocated during function instance creation and
registered during the bind phase with the gadget device as its sysfs
parent. When the function unbinds, the parent device is destroyed, but
the net_device survives, resulting in dangling sysfs symlinks:

console:/ # ls -l /sys/class/net/usb0
lrwxrwxrwx ... /sys/class/net/usb0 ->
/sys/devices/platform/.../gadget.0/net/usb0
console:/ # ls -l /sys/devices/platform/.../gadget.0/net/usb0
ls: .../gadget.0/net/usb0: No such file or directory

Use device_move() to reparent the net_device between the gadget device
tree and /sys/devices/virtual across bind and unbind cycles. During the
final unbind, calling device_move(NULL) moves the net_device to the
virtual device tree before the gadget device is destroyed. On rebinding,
device_move() reparents the device back under the new gadget, ensuring
proper sysfs topology and power management ordering.

To maintain compatibility with legacy composite drivers (e.g., multi.c),
the bound flag is used to indicate whether the network device is shared
and pre-registered during the legacy driver's bind phase.

Fixes: b29002a15794 ("usb: gadget: f_eem: convert to new function interface with backward compatibility")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Kuen-Han Tsai <khtsai@google.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260320-usb-net-lifecycle-v1-5-4886b578161b@google.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_eem.c | 59 ++++++++++++++++++------------------
drivers/usb/gadget/function/u_eem.h | 21 +++++++++---
2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-)

--- a/drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_eem.c
+++ b/drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_eem.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
* Copyright (C) 2009 EF Johnson Technologies
*/

+#include <linux/cleanup.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
@@ -251,24 +252,22 @@ static int eem_bind(struct usb_configura
struct usb_ep *ep;

struct f_eem_opts *eem_opts;
+ struct net_device *net __free(detach_gadget) = NULL;

eem_opts = container_of(f->fi, struct f_eem_opts, func_inst);
- /*
- * in drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:configfs_composite_bind()
- * configurations are bound in sequence with list_for_each_entry,
- * in each configuration its functions are bound in sequence
- * with list_for_each_entry, so we assume no race condition
- * with regard to eem_opts->bound access
- */
- if (!eem_opts->bound) {
- mutex_lock(&eem_opts->lock);
- gether_set_gadget(eem_opts->net, cdev->gadget);
- status = gether_register_netdev(eem_opts->net);
- mutex_unlock(&eem_opts->lock);
- if (status)
- return status;
- eem_opts->bound = true;
- }
+
+ scoped_guard(mutex, &eem_opts->lock)
+ if (eem_opts->bind_count == 0 && !eem_opts->bound) {
+ if (!device_is_registered(&eem_opts->net->dev)) {
+ gether_set_gadget(eem_opts->net, cdev->gadget);
+ status = gether_register_netdev(eem_opts->net);
+ } else
+ status = gether_attach_gadget(eem_opts->net, cdev->gadget);
+
+ if (status)
+ return status;
+ net = eem_opts->net;
+ }

us = usb_gstrings_attach(cdev, eem_strings,
ARRAY_SIZE(eem_string_defs));
@@ -279,21 +278,19 @@ static int eem_bind(struct usb_configura
/* allocate instance-specific interface IDs */
status = usb_interface_id(c, f);
if (status < 0)
- goto fail;
+ return status;
eem->ctrl_id = status;
eem_intf.bInterfaceNumber = status;

- status = -ENODEV;
-
/* allocate instance-specific endpoints */
ep = usb_ep_autoconfig(cdev->gadget, &eem_fs_in_desc);
if (!ep)
- goto fail;
+ return -ENODEV;
eem->port.in_ep = ep;

ep = usb_ep_autoconfig(cdev->gadget, &eem_fs_out_desc);
if (!ep)
- goto fail;
+ return -ENODEV;
eem->port.out_ep = ep;

/* support all relevant hardware speeds... we expect that when
@@ -309,16 +306,14 @@ static int eem_bind(struct usb_configura
status = usb_assign_descriptors(f, eem_fs_function, eem_hs_function,
eem_ss_function, eem_ss_function);
if (status)
- goto fail;
+ return status;
+
+ eem_opts->bind_count++;
+ retain_and_null_ptr(net);

DBG(cdev, "CDC Ethernet (EEM): IN/%s OUT/%s\n",
eem->port.in_ep->name, eem->port.out_ep->name);
return 0;
-
-fail:
- ERROR(cdev, "%s: can't bind, err %d\n", f->name, status);
-
- return status;
}

static void eem_cmd_complete(struct usb_ep *ep, struct usb_request *req)
@@ -597,7 +592,7 @@ static void eem_free_inst(struct usb_fun
struct f_eem_opts *opts;

opts = container_of(f, struct f_eem_opts, func_inst);
- if (opts->bound)
+ if (device_is_registered(&opts->net->dev))
gether_cleanup(netdev_priv(opts->net));
else
free_netdev(opts->net);
@@ -640,9 +635,17 @@ static void eem_free(struct usb_function

static void eem_unbind(struct usb_configuration *c, struct usb_function *f)
{
+ struct f_eem_opts *opts;
+
DBG(c->cdev, "eem unbind\n");

+ opts = container_of(f->fi, struct f_eem_opts, func_inst);
+
usb_free_all_descriptors(f);
+
+ opts->bind_count--;
+ if (opts->bind_count == 0 && !opts->bound)
+ gether_detach_gadget(opts->net);
}

static struct usb_function *eem_alloc(struct usb_function_instance *fi)
--- a/drivers/usb/gadget/function/u_eem.h
+++ b/drivers/usb/gadget/function/u_eem.h
@@ -15,17 +15,26 @@

#include <linux/usb/composite.h>

+/**
+ * struct f_eem_opts - EEM function options
+ * @func_inst: USB function instance.
+ * @net: The net_device associated with the EEM function.
+ * @bound: True if the net_device is shared and pre-registered during the
+ * legacy composite driver's bind phase (e.g., multi.c). If false,
+ * the EEM function will register the net_device during its own
+ * bind phase.
+ * @bind_count: Tracks the number of configurations the EEM function is
+ * bound to, preventing double-registration of the @net device.
+ * @lock: Protects the data from concurrent access by configfs read/write
+ * and create symlink/remove symlink operations.
+ * @refcnt: Reference counter for the function instance.
+ */
struct f_eem_opts {
struct usb_function_instance func_inst;
struct net_device *net;
bool bound;
+ int bind_count;

- /*
- * Read/write access to configfs attributes is handled by configfs.
- *
- * This is to protect the data from concurrent access by read/write
- * and create symlink/remove symlink.
- */
struct mutex lock;
int refcnt;
};