From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Received: from smtp.kernel.org (aws-us-west-2-korg-mail-alma10-1.taild15c8.ts.net [100.103.45.18]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtp.subspace.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 9D64537AA7D; Thu, 20 Aug 2026 17:41:25 +0000 (UTC) Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; arc=none smtp.client-ip=100.103.45.18 ARC-Seal:i=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1787247687; cv=none; b=Z8JKGCzkfTJLEJwmCPTpvUZcxrzS4JNqrg1Es2yXOR36AdgrPBxuQo40baMh96Bsui3mxfgFIACgqmkNVnhfOiHR7IoNGoNdFEXQf8jJxHK8T3E5KX27vnbvTX0iUOLm4uUfp7Z+5Qi7e5fCJfu08WLOGKLclpCIrQnR0Oene8E= ARC-Message-Signature:i=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1787247687; c=relaxed/simple; bh=cx+elY1rGx9DcezY6VaIunLTBNAm50ETc0coU9dNcIc=; h=From:To:Cc:Subject:Date:Message-ID:In-Reply-To:References: MIME-Version; b=dzR279U0Znz9vNFldaEkJLn3bV80HorsRE517y1LhsJJg7qSMva03xQScCOQQ0vYGLTL2qxeDxxvNm+2hp/2LBZ5f0FMzZOZtT+lBPmZc5AGZZ0Vq0SOwoo2Jf+FSHsad996MQm2OXE9D5R2+IpcKOwYuASS5ZGslAeDnX7uO3Y= ARC-Authentication-Results:i=1; smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dkim=pass (1024-bit key) header.d=linuxfoundation.org header.i=@linuxfoundation.org header.b=cvQVBxL4; arc=none smtp.client-ip=100.103.45.18 Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dkim=pass (1024-bit key) header.d=linuxfoundation.org header.i=@linuxfoundation.org header.b="cvQVBxL4" Received: by smtp.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 00C8F1F000E9; Thu, 20 Aug 2026 17:41:24 +0000 (UTC) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=linuxfoundation.org; s=korg; t=1787247685; bh=x5dFU8wZju4WTzIoF3h62BaVkmQyatfG3485++Wfwus=; h=From:To:Cc:Subject:Date:In-Reply-To:References; b=cvQVBxL4YSK3cvvBPwUJML4aXAeOQgRqhpc35RDVNBKyzGJBv/ri6htU3qHgQJjn4 uCY18FklwfSdJIzLhrJ3q2uHbsZv0CoelYbaaryGjoTjEWrFk1pgCv4uvBh4E2Qw7X nEhiI9YlM2oAVD8hiY9HBd/JsG0d9rPlHzvVtYrc= From: Greg Kroah-Hartman To: stable@vger.kernel.org Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman , patches@lists.linux.dev, Sabrina Dubroca , "David S. Miller" , Sasha Levin Subject: [PATCH 6.6 134/166] selftests: tls: add rekey tests Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2026 16:56:33 +0200 Message-ID: <20260820145215.199048123@linuxfoundation.org> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.55.0 In-Reply-To: <20260820145211.194104353@linuxfoundation.org> References: <20260820145211.194104353@linuxfoundation.org> User-Agent: quilt/0.69 X-stable: review X-Patchwork-Hint: ignore Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: patches@lists.linux.dev List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 6.6-stable review patch. If anyone has any objections, please let me know. ------------------ From: Sabrina Dubroca [ Upstream commit 555f0edb9ff043196655a5b7cc65f67dfd05b530 ] Test the kernel's ability to: - update the key (but not the version or cipher), only for TLS1.3 - pause decryption after receiving a KeyUpdate message, until a new RX key has been provided - reflect the pause/non-readable socket in poll() Signed-off-by: Sabrina Dubroca Signed-off-by: David S. Miller Stable-dep-of: 1c8629651cb5 ("tls: rx: restore msg_iter before TLS 1.3 optimistic retry") Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman --- tools/testing/selftests/net/tls.c | 458 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 458 insertions(+) --- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/tls.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/tls.c @@ -1604,6 +1604,464 @@ TEST_F(tls, recv_efault) EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(rec2, recv_mem + 9, ret - 9), 0); } +#define TLS_RECORD_TYPE_HANDSHAKE 0x16 +/* key_update, length 1, update_not_requested */ +static const char key_update_msg[] = "\x18\x00\x00\x01\x00"; +static void tls_send_keyupdate(struct __test_metadata *_metadata, int fd) +{ + size_t len = sizeof(key_update_msg); + + EXPECT_EQ(tls_send_cmsg(fd, TLS_RECORD_TYPE_HANDSHAKE, + (char *)key_update_msg, len, 0), + len); +} + +static void tls_recv_keyupdate(struct __test_metadata *_metadata, int fd, int flags) +{ + char buf[100]; + + EXPECT_EQ(tls_recv_cmsg(_metadata, fd, TLS_RECORD_TYPE_HANDSHAKE, buf, sizeof(buf), flags), + sizeof(key_update_msg)); + EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(buf, key_update_msg, sizeof(key_update_msg)), 0); +} + +/* set the key to 0 then 1 for RX, immediately to 1 for TX */ +TEST_F(tls_basic, rekey_rx) +{ + struct tls_crypto_info_keys tls12_0, tls12_1; + char const *test_str = "test_message"; + int send_len = strlen(test_str) + 1; + char buf[20]; + int ret; + + if (self->notls) + return; + + tls_crypto_info_init(TLS_1_3_VERSION, TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128, + &tls12_0, 0); + tls_crypto_info_init(TLS_1_3_VERSION, TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128, + &tls12_1, 1); + + ret = setsockopt(self->fd, SOL_TLS, TLS_TX, &tls12_1, tls12_1.len); + ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0); + + ret = setsockopt(self->cfd, SOL_TLS, TLS_RX, &tls12_0, tls12_0.len); + ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0); + + ret = setsockopt(self->cfd, SOL_TLS, TLS_RX, &tls12_1, tls12_1.len); + EXPECT_EQ(ret, 0); + + EXPECT_EQ(send(self->fd, test_str, send_len, 0), send_len); + EXPECT_EQ(recv(self->cfd, buf, send_len, 0), send_len); + EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(buf, test_str, send_len), 0); +} + +/* set the key to 0 then 1 for TX, immediately to 1 for RX */ +TEST_F(tls_basic, rekey_tx) +{ + struct tls_crypto_info_keys tls12_0, tls12_1; + char const *test_str = "test_message"; + int send_len = strlen(test_str) + 1; + char buf[20]; + int ret; + + if (self->notls) + return; + + tls_crypto_info_init(TLS_1_3_VERSION, TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128, + &tls12_0, 0); + tls_crypto_info_init(TLS_1_3_VERSION, TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128, + &tls12_1, 1); + + ret = setsockopt(self->fd, SOL_TLS, TLS_TX, &tls12_0, tls12_0.len); + ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0); + + ret = setsockopt(self->cfd, SOL_TLS, TLS_RX, &tls12_1, tls12_1.len); + ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0); + + ret = setsockopt(self->fd, SOL_TLS, TLS_TX, &tls12_1, tls12_1.len); + EXPECT_EQ(ret, 0); + + EXPECT_EQ(send(self->fd, test_str, send_len, 0), send_len); + EXPECT_EQ(recv(self->cfd, buf, send_len, 0), send_len); + EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(buf, test_str, send_len), 0); +} + +TEST_F(tls, rekey) +{ + char const *test_str_1 = "test_message_before_rekey"; + char const *test_str_2 = "test_message_after_rekey"; + struct tls_crypto_info_keys tls12; + int send_len; + char buf[100]; + + if (variant->tls_version != TLS_1_3_VERSION) + return; + + /* initial send/recv */ + send_len = strlen(test_str_1) + 1; + EXPECT_EQ(send(self->fd, test_str_1, send_len, 0), send_len); + EXPECT_EQ(recv(self->cfd, buf, send_len, 0), send_len); + EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(buf, test_str_1, send_len), 0); + + /* update TX key */ + tls_send_keyupdate(_metadata, self->fd); + tls_crypto_info_init(variant->tls_version, variant->cipher_type, &tls12, 1); + EXPECT_EQ(setsockopt(self->fd, SOL_TLS, TLS_TX, &tls12, tls12.len), 0); + + /* send after rekey */ + send_len = strlen(test_str_2) + 1; + EXPECT_EQ(send(self->fd, test_str_2, send_len, 0), send_len); + + /* can't receive the KeyUpdate without a control message */ + EXPECT_EQ(recv(self->cfd, buf, send_len, 0), -1); + + /* get KeyUpdate */ + tls_recv_keyupdate(_metadata, self->cfd, 0); + + /* recv blocking -> -EKEYEXPIRED */ + EXPECT_EQ(recv(self->cfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0), -1); + EXPECT_EQ(errno, EKEYEXPIRED); + + /* recv non-blocking -> -EKEYEXPIRED */ + EXPECT_EQ(recv(self->cfd, buf, sizeof(buf), MSG_DONTWAIT), -1); + EXPECT_EQ(errno, EKEYEXPIRED); + + /* update RX key */ + EXPECT_EQ(setsockopt(self->cfd, SOL_TLS, TLS_RX, &tls12, tls12.len), 0); + + /* recv after rekey */ + EXPECT_NE(recv(self->cfd, buf, send_len, 0), -1); + EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(buf, test_str_2, send_len), 0); +} + +TEST_F(tls, rekey_fail) +{ + char const *test_str_1 = "test_message_before_rekey"; + char const *test_str_2 = "test_message_after_rekey"; + struct tls_crypto_info_keys tls12; + int send_len; + char buf[100]; + + /* initial send/recv */ + send_len = strlen(test_str_1) + 1; + EXPECT_EQ(send(self->fd, test_str_1, send_len, 0), send_len); + EXPECT_EQ(recv(self->cfd, buf, send_len, 0), send_len); + EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(buf, test_str_1, send_len), 0); + + /* update TX key */ + tls_send_keyupdate(_metadata, self->fd); + + if (variant->tls_version != TLS_1_3_VERSION) { + /* just check that rekey is not supported and return */ + tls_crypto_info_init(variant->tls_version, variant->cipher_type, &tls12, 1); + EXPECT_EQ(setsockopt(self->fd, SOL_TLS, TLS_TX, &tls12, tls12.len), -1); + EXPECT_EQ(errno, EBUSY); + return; + } + + /* successful update */ + tls_crypto_info_init(variant->tls_version, variant->cipher_type, &tls12, 1); + EXPECT_EQ(setsockopt(self->fd, SOL_TLS, TLS_TX, &tls12, tls12.len), 0); + + /* invalid update: change of version */ + tls_crypto_info_init(TLS_1_2_VERSION, variant->cipher_type, &tls12, 1); + EXPECT_EQ(setsockopt(self->fd, SOL_TLS, TLS_TX, &tls12, tls12.len), -1); + EXPECT_EQ(errno, EINVAL); + + /* invalid update (RX socket): change of version */ + tls_crypto_info_init(TLS_1_2_VERSION, variant->cipher_type, &tls12, 1); + EXPECT_EQ(setsockopt(self->cfd, SOL_TLS, TLS_RX, &tls12, tls12.len), -1); + EXPECT_EQ(errno, EINVAL); + + /* invalid update: change of cipher */ + if (variant->cipher_type == TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256) + tls_crypto_info_init(variant->tls_version, TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305, &tls12, 1); + else + tls_crypto_info_init(variant->tls_version, TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256, &tls12, 1); + EXPECT_EQ(setsockopt(self->fd, SOL_TLS, TLS_TX, &tls12, tls12.len), -1); + EXPECT_EQ(errno, EINVAL); + + /* send after rekey, the invalid updates shouldn't have an effect */ + send_len = strlen(test_str_2) + 1; + EXPECT_EQ(send(self->fd, test_str_2, send_len, 0), send_len); + + /* can't receive the KeyUpdate without a control message */ + EXPECT_EQ(recv(self->cfd, buf, send_len, 0), -1); + + /* get KeyUpdate */ + tls_recv_keyupdate(_metadata, self->cfd, 0); + + /* recv blocking -> -EKEYEXPIRED */ + EXPECT_EQ(recv(self->cfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0), -1); + EXPECT_EQ(errno, EKEYEXPIRED); + + /* recv non-blocking -> -EKEYEXPIRED */ + EXPECT_EQ(recv(self->cfd, buf, sizeof(buf), MSG_DONTWAIT), -1); + EXPECT_EQ(errno, EKEYEXPIRED); + + /* update RX key */ + tls_crypto_info_init(variant->tls_version, variant->cipher_type, &tls12, 1); + EXPECT_EQ(setsockopt(self->cfd, SOL_TLS, TLS_RX, &tls12, tls12.len), 0); + + /* recv after rekey */ + EXPECT_NE(recv(self->cfd, buf, send_len, 0), -1); + EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(buf, test_str_2, send_len), 0); +} + +TEST_F(tls, rekey_peek) +{ + char const *test_str_1 = "test_message_before_rekey"; + struct tls_crypto_info_keys tls12; + int send_len; + char buf[100]; + + if (variant->tls_version != TLS_1_3_VERSION) + return; + + send_len = strlen(test_str_1) + 1; + EXPECT_EQ(send(self->fd, test_str_1, send_len, 0), send_len); + + /* update TX key */ + tls_send_keyupdate(_metadata, self->fd); + tls_crypto_info_init(variant->tls_version, variant->cipher_type, &tls12, 1); + EXPECT_EQ(setsockopt(self->fd, SOL_TLS, TLS_TX, &tls12, tls12.len), 0); + + EXPECT_EQ(recv(self->cfd, buf, sizeof(buf), MSG_PEEK), send_len); + EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(buf, test_str_1, send_len), 0); + + EXPECT_EQ(recv(self->cfd, buf, send_len, 0), send_len); + EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(buf, test_str_1, send_len), 0); + + /* can't receive the KeyUpdate without a control message */ + EXPECT_EQ(recv(self->cfd, buf, send_len, MSG_PEEK), -1); + + /* peek KeyUpdate */ + tls_recv_keyupdate(_metadata, self->cfd, MSG_PEEK); + + /* get KeyUpdate */ + tls_recv_keyupdate(_metadata, self->cfd, 0); + + /* update RX key */ + EXPECT_EQ(setsockopt(self->cfd, SOL_TLS, TLS_RX, &tls12, tls12.len), 0); +} + +TEST_F(tls, splice_rekey) +{ + int send_len = TLS_PAYLOAD_MAX_LEN / 2; + char mem_send[TLS_PAYLOAD_MAX_LEN]; + char mem_recv[TLS_PAYLOAD_MAX_LEN]; + struct tls_crypto_info_keys tls12; + int p[2]; + + if (variant->tls_version != TLS_1_3_VERSION) + return; + + memrnd(mem_send, sizeof(mem_send)); + + ASSERT_GE(pipe(p), 0); + EXPECT_EQ(send(self->fd, mem_send, send_len, 0), send_len); + + /* update TX key */ + tls_send_keyupdate(_metadata, self->fd); + tls_crypto_info_init(variant->tls_version, variant->cipher_type, &tls12, 1); + EXPECT_EQ(setsockopt(self->fd, SOL_TLS, TLS_TX, &tls12, tls12.len), 0); + + EXPECT_EQ(send(self->fd, mem_send, send_len, 0), send_len); + + EXPECT_EQ(splice(self->cfd, NULL, p[1], NULL, TLS_PAYLOAD_MAX_LEN, 0), send_len); + EXPECT_EQ(read(p[0], mem_recv, send_len), send_len); + EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(mem_send, mem_recv, send_len), 0); + + /* can't splice the KeyUpdate */ + EXPECT_EQ(splice(self->cfd, NULL, p[1], NULL, TLS_PAYLOAD_MAX_LEN, 0), -1); + EXPECT_EQ(errno, EINVAL); + + /* peek KeyUpdate */ + tls_recv_keyupdate(_metadata, self->cfd, MSG_PEEK); + + /* get KeyUpdate */ + tls_recv_keyupdate(_metadata, self->cfd, 0); + + /* can't splice before updating the key */ + EXPECT_EQ(splice(self->cfd, NULL, p[1], NULL, TLS_PAYLOAD_MAX_LEN, 0), -1); + EXPECT_EQ(errno, EKEYEXPIRED); + + /* update RX key */ + EXPECT_EQ(setsockopt(self->cfd, SOL_TLS, TLS_RX, &tls12, tls12.len), 0); + + EXPECT_EQ(splice(self->cfd, NULL, p[1], NULL, TLS_PAYLOAD_MAX_LEN, 0), send_len); + EXPECT_EQ(read(p[0], mem_recv, send_len), send_len); + EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(mem_send, mem_recv, send_len), 0); +} + +TEST_F(tls, rekey_peek_splice) +{ + char const *test_str_1 = "test_message_before_rekey"; + struct tls_crypto_info_keys tls12; + int send_len; + char buf[100]; + char mem_recv[TLS_PAYLOAD_MAX_LEN]; + int p[2]; + + if (variant->tls_version != TLS_1_3_VERSION) + return; + + ASSERT_GE(pipe(p), 0); + + send_len = strlen(test_str_1) + 1; + EXPECT_EQ(send(self->fd, test_str_1, send_len, 0), send_len); + + /* update TX key */ + tls_send_keyupdate(_metadata, self->fd); + tls_crypto_info_init(variant->tls_version, variant->cipher_type, &tls12, 1); + EXPECT_EQ(setsockopt(self->fd, SOL_TLS, TLS_TX, &tls12, tls12.len), 0); + + EXPECT_EQ(recv(self->cfd, buf, sizeof(buf), MSG_PEEK), send_len); + EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(buf, test_str_1, send_len), 0); + + EXPECT_EQ(splice(self->cfd, NULL, p[1], NULL, TLS_PAYLOAD_MAX_LEN, 0), send_len); + EXPECT_EQ(read(p[0], mem_recv, send_len), send_len); + EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(mem_recv, test_str_1, send_len), 0); +} + +TEST_F(tls, rekey_getsockopt) +{ + struct tls_crypto_info_keys tls12; + struct tls_crypto_info_keys tls12_get; + socklen_t len; + + tls_crypto_info_init(variant->tls_version, variant->cipher_type, &tls12, 0); + + len = tls12.len; + EXPECT_EQ(getsockopt(self->fd, SOL_TLS, TLS_TX, &tls12_get, &len), 0); + EXPECT_EQ(len, tls12.len); + EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(&tls12_get, &tls12, tls12.len), 0); + + len = tls12.len; + EXPECT_EQ(getsockopt(self->cfd, SOL_TLS, TLS_RX, &tls12_get, &len), 0); + EXPECT_EQ(len, tls12.len); + EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(&tls12_get, &tls12, tls12.len), 0); + + if (variant->tls_version != TLS_1_3_VERSION) + return; + + tls_send_keyupdate(_metadata, self->fd); + tls_crypto_info_init(variant->tls_version, variant->cipher_type, &tls12, 1); + EXPECT_EQ(setsockopt(self->fd, SOL_TLS, TLS_TX, &tls12, tls12.len), 0); + + tls_recv_keyupdate(_metadata, self->cfd, 0); + EXPECT_EQ(setsockopt(self->cfd, SOL_TLS, TLS_RX, &tls12, tls12.len), 0); + + len = tls12.len; + EXPECT_EQ(getsockopt(self->fd, SOL_TLS, TLS_TX, &tls12_get, &len), 0); + EXPECT_EQ(len, tls12.len); + EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(&tls12_get, &tls12, tls12.len), 0); + + len = tls12.len; + EXPECT_EQ(getsockopt(self->cfd, SOL_TLS, TLS_RX, &tls12_get, &len), 0); + EXPECT_EQ(len, tls12.len); + EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(&tls12_get, &tls12, tls12.len), 0); +} + +TEST_F(tls, rekey_poll_pending) +{ + char const *test_str = "test_message_after_rekey"; + struct tls_crypto_info_keys tls12; + struct pollfd pfd = { }; + int send_len; + int ret; + + if (variant->tls_version != TLS_1_3_VERSION) + return; + + /* update TX key */ + tls_send_keyupdate(_metadata, self->fd); + tls_crypto_info_init(variant->tls_version, variant->cipher_type, &tls12, 1); + EXPECT_EQ(setsockopt(self->fd, SOL_TLS, TLS_TX, &tls12, tls12.len), 0); + + /* get KeyUpdate */ + tls_recv_keyupdate(_metadata, self->cfd, 0); + + /* send immediately after rekey */ + send_len = strlen(test_str) + 1; + EXPECT_EQ(send(self->fd, test_str, send_len, 0), send_len); + + /* key hasn't been updated, expect cfd to be non-readable */ + pfd.fd = self->cfd; + pfd.events = POLLIN; + EXPECT_EQ(poll(&pfd, 1, 0), 0); + + ret = fork(); + ASSERT_GE(ret, 0); + + if (ret) { + int pid2, status; + + /* wait before installing the new key */ + sleep(1); + + /* update RX key while poll() is sleeping */ + EXPECT_EQ(setsockopt(self->cfd, SOL_TLS, TLS_RX, &tls12, tls12.len), 0); + + pid2 = wait(&status); + EXPECT_EQ(pid2, ret); + EXPECT_EQ(status, 0); + } else { + pfd.fd = self->cfd; + pfd.events = POLLIN; + EXPECT_EQ(poll(&pfd, 1, 5000), 1); + + exit(!__test_passed(_metadata)); + } +} + +TEST_F(tls, rekey_poll_delay) +{ + char const *test_str = "test_message_after_rekey"; + struct tls_crypto_info_keys tls12; + struct pollfd pfd = { }; + int send_len; + int ret; + + if (variant->tls_version != TLS_1_3_VERSION) + return; + + /* update TX key */ + tls_send_keyupdate(_metadata, self->fd); + tls_crypto_info_init(variant->tls_version, variant->cipher_type, &tls12, 1); + EXPECT_EQ(setsockopt(self->fd, SOL_TLS, TLS_TX, &tls12, tls12.len), 0); + + /* get KeyUpdate */ + tls_recv_keyupdate(_metadata, self->cfd, 0); + + ret = fork(); + ASSERT_GE(ret, 0); + + if (ret) { + int pid2, status; + + /* wait before installing the new key */ + sleep(1); + + /* update RX key while poll() is sleeping */ + EXPECT_EQ(setsockopt(self->cfd, SOL_TLS, TLS_RX, &tls12, tls12.len), 0); + + sleep(1); + send_len = strlen(test_str) + 1; + EXPECT_EQ(send(self->fd, test_str, send_len, 0), send_len); + + pid2 = wait(&status); + EXPECT_EQ(pid2, ret); + EXPECT_EQ(status, 0); + } else { + pfd.fd = self->cfd; + pfd.events = POLLIN; + EXPECT_EQ(poll(&pfd, 1, 5000), 1); + exit(!__test_passed(_metadata)); + } +} + FIXTURE(tls_err) { int fd, cfd;