[PATCH v2] phy: qcom: qmp-pcie: Fix PHY initialization when powered down by firmware

[PATCH v2] phy: qcom: qmp-pcie: Fix PHY initialization when powered down by firmware

[Stephan Gerhold]

Commit 0cc22f5a861c ("phy: qcom: qmp-pcie: Add PHY register retention
support") added support for using the "no_csr" reset to skip configuration
of the PHY if the init sequence was already applied by the boot firmware.
The expectation is that the PHY is only turned on/off by using the "no_csr"
reset, instead of powering it down and re-programming it after a full
reset.

The boot firmware on X1E does not fully conform to this expectation: If the
PCIe3 link fails to come up (e.g. because no PCIe card is inserted), the
firmware powers down the PHY using the QPHY_PCS_POWER_DOWN_CONTROL
register. The QPHY_START_CTRL register is kept as-is, so the driver assumes
the PHY is already initialized and skips the configuration/power up
sequence. The PHY won't come up again without clearing the
QPHY_PCS_POWER_DOWN_CONTROL, so eventually initialization fails:

  qcom-qmp-pcie-phy 1be0000.phy: phy initialization timed-out
  phy phy-1be0000.phy.0: phy poweron failed --> -110
  qcom-pcie 1bd0000.pcie: cannot initialize host
  qcom-pcie 1bd0000.pcie: probe with driver qcom-pcie failed with error -110

This can be reliably reproduced on the X1E CRD, QCP and Devkit when no card
is inserted for PCIe3.

Fix this by checking the QPHY_PCS_POWER_DOWN_CONTROL register in addition
to QPHY_START_CTRL. If the PHY is powered down with the register, it
doesn't conform to the expectations for using the "no_csr" reset, so we
fully re-initialize with the normal reset sequence.

Also check the register more carefully to ensure all of the bits we expect
are actually set. A simple !!(readl()) is not enough, because the PHY might
be only partially set up with some of the expected bits set.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 0cc22f5a861c ("phy: qcom: qmp-pcie: Add PHY register retention support")
Signed-off-by: Stephan Gerhold <stephan.gerhold@linaro.org>
---
Changes in v2:
- Ensure that all expected bits are set (Konrad)
- Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250812-phy-qcom-qmp-pcie-nocsr-fix-v1-1-9a7d0a5d2b46@linaro.org
---
 drivers/phy/qualcomm/phy-qcom-qmp-pcie.c | 14 ++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/phy/qualcomm/phy-qcom-qmp-pcie.c b/drivers/phy/qualcomm/phy-qcom-qmp-pcie.c
index 95830dcfdec9b1f68fd55d1cc3c102985cfafcc1..80973527fafcb294273dff1864828532dab738db 100644
--- a/drivers/phy/qualcomm/phy-qcom-qmp-pcie.c
+++ b/drivers/phy/qualcomm/phy-qcom-qmp-pcie.c
@@ -3067,6 +3067,14 @@ struct qmp_pcie {
 	struct clk_fixed_rate aux_clk_fixed;
 };
 
+static bool qphy_checkbits(const void __iomem *base, u32 offset, u32 val)
+{
+	u32 reg;
+
+	reg = readl(base + offset);
+	return (reg & val) == val;
+}
+
 static inline void qphy_setbits(void __iomem *base, u32 offset, u32 val)
 {
 	u32 reg;
@@ -4339,10 +4347,12 @@ static int qmp_pcie_init(struct phy *phy)
 	struct qmp_pcie *qmp = phy_get_drvdata(phy);
 	const struct qmp_phy_cfg *cfg = qmp->cfg;
 	void __iomem *pcs = qmp->pcs;
-	bool phy_initialized = !!(readl(pcs + cfg->regs[QPHY_START_CTRL]));
 	int ret;
 
-	qmp->skip_init = qmp->nocsr_reset && phy_initialized;
+	qmp->skip_init = qmp->nocsr_reset &&
+		qphy_checkbits(pcs, cfg->regs[QPHY_START_CTRL], SERDES_START | PCS_START) &&
+		qphy_checkbits(pcs, cfg->regs[QPHY_PCS_POWER_DOWN_CONTROL], cfg->pwrdn_ctrl);
+
 	/*
 	 * We need to check the existence of init sequences in two cases:
 	 * 1. The PHY doesn't support no_csr reset.

---
base-commit: 8f5ae30d69d7543eee0d70083daf4de8fe15d585
change-id: 20250812-phy-qcom-qmp-pcie-nocsr-fix-1603106294cd

Best regards,
-- 
Stephan Gerhold <stephan.gerhold@linaro.org>


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Re: [PATCH v2] phy: qcom: qmp-pcie: Fix PHY initialization when powered down by firmware

[Bjorn Andersson]

On Thu, Aug 14, 2025 at 11:27:10AM +0200, Stephan Gerhold wrote:
> Commit 0cc22f5a861c ("phy: qcom: qmp-pcie: Add PHY register retention
> support") added support for using the "no_csr" reset to skip configuration
> of the PHY if the init sequence was already applied by the boot firmware.
> The expectation is that the PHY is only turned on/off by using the "no_csr"
> reset, instead of powering it down and re-programming it after a full
> reset.
> 
> The boot firmware on X1E does not fully conform to this expectation: If the
> PCIe3 link fails to come up (e.g. because no PCIe card is inserted), the
> firmware powers down the PHY using the QPHY_PCS_POWER_DOWN_CONTROL
> register. The QPHY_START_CTRL register is kept as-is, so the driver assumes
> the PHY is already initialized and skips the configuration/power up
> sequence. The PHY won't come up again without clearing the
> QPHY_PCS_POWER_DOWN_CONTROL, so eventually initialization fails:
> 
>   qcom-qmp-pcie-phy 1be0000.phy: phy initialization timed-out
>   phy phy-1be0000.phy.0: phy poweron failed --> -110
>   qcom-pcie 1bd0000.pcie: cannot initialize host
>   qcom-pcie 1bd0000.pcie: probe with driver qcom-pcie failed with error -110
> 
> This can be reliably reproduced on the X1E CRD, QCP and Devkit when no card
> is inserted for PCIe3.
> 
> Fix this by checking the QPHY_PCS_POWER_DOWN_CONTROL register in addition
> to QPHY_START_CTRL. If the PHY is powered down with the register, it
> doesn't conform to the expectations for using the "no_csr" reset, so we
> fully re-initialize with the normal reset sequence.
> 
> Also check the register more carefully to ensure all of the bits we expect
> are actually set. A simple !!(readl()) is not enough, because the PHY might
> be only partially set up with some of the expected bits set.
> 
> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
> Fixes: 0cc22f5a861c ("phy: qcom: qmp-pcie: Add PHY register retention support")
> Signed-off-by: Stephan Gerhold <stephan.gerhold@linaro.org>
> ---
> Changes in v2:
> - Ensure that all expected bits are set (Konrad)
> - Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250812-phy-qcom-qmp-pcie-nocsr-fix-v1-1-9a7d0a5d2b46@linaro.org
> ---
>  drivers/phy/qualcomm/phy-qcom-qmp-pcie.c | 14 ++++++++++++--
>  1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/phy/qualcomm/phy-qcom-qmp-pcie.c b/drivers/phy/qualcomm/phy-qcom-qmp-pcie.c
> index 95830dcfdec9b1f68fd55d1cc3c102985cfafcc1..80973527fafcb294273dff1864828532dab738db 100644
> --- a/drivers/phy/qualcomm/phy-qcom-qmp-pcie.c
> +++ b/drivers/phy/qualcomm/phy-qcom-qmp-pcie.c
> @@ -3067,6 +3067,14 @@ struct qmp_pcie {
>  	struct clk_fixed_rate aux_clk_fixed;
>  };
>  
> +static bool qphy_checkbits(const void __iomem *base, u32 offset, u32 val)
> +{
> +	u32 reg;
> +
> +	reg = readl(base + offset);
> +	return (reg & val) == val;
> +}
> +
>  static inline void qphy_setbits(void __iomem *base, u32 offset, u32 val)
>  {
>  	u32 reg;
> @@ -4339,10 +4347,12 @@ static int qmp_pcie_init(struct phy *phy)
>  	struct qmp_pcie *qmp = phy_get_drvdata(phy);
>  	const struct qmp_phy_cfg *cfg = qmp->cfg;
>  	void __iomem *pcs = qmp->pcs;
> -	bool phy_initialized = !!(readl(pcs + cfg->regs[QPHY_START_CTRL]));
>  	int ret;
>  
> -	qmp->skip_init = qmp->nocsr_reset && phy_initialized;
> +	qmp->skip_init = qmp->nocsr_reset &&
> +		qphy_checkbits(pcs, cfg->regs[QPHY_START_CTRL], SERDES_START | PCS_START) &&
> +		qphy_checkbits(pcs, cfg->regs[QPHY_PCS_POWER_DOWN_CONTROL], cfg->pwrdn_ctrl);

IMHO the "phy_initialized" variable does provide valuable context to
what those (now) two lines represents. That is particularly relevant as
the second one is active low...so at least I need to think a bit extra
to understand what's going on.

Other than that, I think this looks good.

Regards,
Bjorn

> +
>  	/*
>  	 * We need to check the existence of init sequences in two cases:
>  	 * 1. The PHY doesn't support no_csr reset.
> 
> ---
> base-commit: 8f5ae30d69d7543eee0d70083daf4de8fe15d585
> change-id: 20250812-phy-qcom-qmp-pcie-nocsr-fix-1603106294cd
> 
> Best regards,
> -- 
> Stephan Gerhold <stephan.gerhold@linaro.org>
> 

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Re: [PATCH v2] phy: qcom: qmp-pcie: Fix PHY initialization when powered down by firmware

[Stephan Gerhold]

On Thu, Aug 14, 2025 at 05:26:05PM -0500, Bjorn Andersson wrote:
> On Thu, Aug 14, 2025 at 11:27:10AM +0200, Stephan Gerhold wrote:
> > Commit 0cc22f5a861c ("phy: qcom: qmp-pcie: Add PHY register retention
> > support") added support for using the "no_csr" reset to skip configuration
> > of the PHY if the init sequence was already applied by the boot firmware.
> > The expectation is that the PHY is only turned on/off by using the "no_csr"
> > reset, instead of powering it down and re-programming it after a full
> > reset.
> > 
> > The boot firmware on X1E does not fully conform to this expectation: If the
> > PCIe3 link fails to come up (e.g. because no PCIe card is inserted), the
> > firmware powers down the PHY using the QPHY_PCS_POWER_DOWN_CONTROL
> > register. The QPHY_START_CTRL register is kept as-is, so the driver assumes
> > the PHY is already initialized and skips the configuration/power up
> > sequence. The PHY won't come up again without clearing the
> > QPHY_PCS_POWER_DOWN_CONTROL, so eventually initialization fails:
> > 
> >   qcom-qmp-pcie-phy 1be0000.phy: phy initialization timed-out
> >   phy phy-1be0000.phy.0: phy poweron failed --> -110
> >   qcom-pcie 1bd0000.pcie: cannot initialize host
> >   qcom-pcie 1bd0000.pcie: probe with driver qcom-pcie failed with error -110
> > 
> > This can be reliably reproduced on the X1E CRD, QCP and Devkit when no card
> > is inserted for PCIe3.
> > 
> > Fix this by checking the QPHY_PCS_POWER_DOWN_CONTROL register in addition
> > to QPHY_START_CTRL. If the PHY is powered down with the register, it
> > doesn't conform to the expectations for using the "no_csr" reset, so we
> > fully re-initialize with the normal reset sequence.
> > 
> > Also check the register more carefully to ensure all of the bits we expect
> > are actually set. A simple !!(readl()) is not enough, because the PHY might
> > be only partially set up with some of the expected bits set.
> > 
> > Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
> > Fixes: 0cc22f5a861c ("phy: qcom: qmp-pcie: Add PHY register retention support")
> > Signed-off-by: Stephan Gerhold <stephan.gerhold@linaro.org>
> > ---
> > Changes in v2:
> > - Ensure that all expected bits are set (Konrad)
> > - Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250812-phy-qcom-qmp-pcie-nocsr-fix-v1-1-9a7d0a5d2b46@linaro.org
> > ---
> >  drivers/phy/qualcomm/phy-qcom-qmp-pcie.c | 14 ++++++++++++--
> >  1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
> > 
> > diff --git a/drivers/phy/qualcomm/phy-qcom-qmp-pcie.c b/drivers/phy/qualcomm/phy-qcom-qmp-pcie.c
> > index 95830dcfdec9b1f68fd55d1cc3c102985cfafcc1..80973527fafcb294273dff1864828532dab738db 100644
> > --- a/drivers/phy/qualcomm/phy-qcom-qmp-pcie.c
> > +++ b/drivers/phy/qualcomm/phy-qcom-qmp-pcie.c
> > @@ -3067,6 +3067,14 @@ struct qmp_pcie {
> >  	struct clk_fixed_rate aux_clk_fixed;
> >  };
> >  
> > +static bool qphy_checkbits(const void __iomem *base, u32 offset, u32 val)
> > +{
> > +	u32 reg;
> > +
> > +	reg = readl(base + offset);
> > +	return (reg & val) == val;
> > +}
> > +
> >  static inline void qphy_setbits(void __iomem *base, u32 offset, u32 val)
> >  {
> >  	u32 reg;
> > @@ -4339,10 +4347,12 @@ static int qmp_pcie_init(struct phy *phy)
> >  	struct qmp_pcie *qmp = phy_get_drvdata(phy);
> >  	const struct qmp_phy_cfg *cfg = qmp->cfg;
> >  	void __iomem *pcs = qmp->pcs;
> > -	bool phy_initialized = !!(readl(pcs + cfg->regs[QPHY_START_CTRL]));
> >  	int ret;
> >  
> > -	qmp->skip_init = qmp->nocsr_reset && phy_initialized;
> > +	qmp->skip_init = qmp->nocsr_reset &&
> > +		qphy_checkbits(pcs, cfg->regs[QPHY_START_CTRL], SERDES_START | PCS_START) &&
> > +		qphy_checkbits(pcs, cfg->regs[QPHY_PCS_POWER_DOWN_CONTROL], cfg->pwrdn_ctrl);
> 
> IMHO the "phy_initialized" variable does provide valuable context to
> what those (now) two lines represents. That is particularly relevant as
> the second one is active low...so at least I need to think a bit extra
> to understand what's going on.
> 

I dropped the "phy_initialized" variable mainly because it didn't "look
good" together with the line wrapping of the two new longer lines. :-)

Perhaps it would already help to reuse and clarify the comment block
below, like this?

Thanks,
Stephan

@@ -4339,16 +4347,21 @@ static int qmp_pcie_init(struct phy *phy)
 	struct qmp_pcie *qmp = phy_get_drvdata(phy);
 	const struct qmp_phy_cfg *cfg = qmp->cfg;
 	void __iomem *pcs = qmp->pcs;
-	bool phy_initialized = !!(readl(pcs + cfg->regs[QPHY_START_CTRL]));
 	int ret;
 
-	qmp->skip_init = qmp->nocsr_reset && phy_initialized;
 	/*
-	 * We need to check the existence of init sequences in two cases:
-	 * 1. The PHY doesn't support no_csr reset.
-	 * 2. The PHY supports no_csr reset but isn't initialized by bootloader.
-	 * As we can't skip init in these two cases.
+	 * We can skip PHY initialization if all of the following conditions
+	 * are met:
+	 *  1. The PHY supports the nocsr_reset that preserves the PHY config.
+	 *  2. The PHY was started (and not powered down again) by the
+	 *     bootloader, with all of the expected bits set correctly.
+	 * In this case, we can continue without having the init sequence
+	 * defined in the driver.
 	 */
+	qmp->skip_init = qmp->nocsr_reset &&
+		qphy_checkbits(pcs, cfg->regs[QPHY_START_CTRL], SERDES_START | PCS_START) &&
+		qphy_checkbits(pcs, cfg->regs[QPHY_PCS_POWER_DOWN_CONTROL], cfg->pwrdn_ctrl);
+
 	if (!qmp->skip_init && !cfg->tbls.serdes_num) {
 		dev_err(qmp->dev, "Init sequence not available\n");
 		return -ENODATA;

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