From: "Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)" <ljs@kernel.org>
To: "Linus Torvalds" <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>,
"Nathan Chancellor" <nathan@kernel.org>,
"Nicolas Schier" <nsc@kernel.org>,
"Nick Desaulniers" <ndesaulniers@google.com>,
"Bill Wendling" <morbo@google.com>,
"Justin Stitt" <justinstitt@google.com>,
"Masahiro Yamada" <masahiroy@kernel.org>,
"Alexey Gladkov" <legion@kernel.org>,
"Thomas Gleixner" <tglx@kernel.org>,
"Ingo Molnar" <mingo@redhat.com>,
"Borislav Petkov" <bp@alien8.de>,
"Dave Hansen" <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>,
x86@kernel.org, "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>,
"Paul Walmsley" <pjw@kernel.org>,
"Palmer Dabbelt" <palmer@dabbelt.com>,
"Albert Ou" <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu>,
"Alexandre Ghiti" <alex@ghiti.fr>,
"Arnd Bergmann" <arnd@arndb.de>,
"Catalin Marinas" <catalin.marinas@arm.com>,
"Will Deacon" <will@kernel.org>,
"Mark Rutland" <mark.rutland@arm.com>,
"Ard Biesheuvel" <ardb@kernel.org>,
"Ilias Apalodimas" <ilias.apalodimas@linaro.org>,
"Josh Poimboeuf" <jpoimboe@kernel.org>,
"Peter Zijlstra" <peterz@infradead.org>,
"Miguel Ojeda" <ojeda@kernel.org>,
"Boqun Feng" <boqun@kernel.org>, "Gary Guo" <gary@garyguo.net>,
"Björn Roy Baron" <bjorn3_gh@protonmail.com>,
"Benno Lossin" <lossin@kernel.org>,
"Andreas Hindborg" <a.hindborg@kernel.org>,
"Alice Ryhl" <aliceryhl@google.com>,
"Trevor Gross" <tmgross@umich.edu>,
"Danilo Krummrich" <dakr@kernel.org>,
"Daniel Almeida" <daniel.almeida@collabora.com>,
"Tamir Duberstein" <tamird@kernel.org>,
"Alexandre Courbot" <acourbot@nvidia.com>,
"Onur Özkan" <work@onurozkan.dev>,
"Jonathan Corbet" <corbet@lwn.net>,
"Randy Dunlap" <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
llvm@lists.linux.dev, linux-riscv@lists.infradead.org,
linux-arch@vger.kernel.org,
linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org, linux-efi@vger.kernel.org,
rust-for-linux@vger.kernel.org, linux-doc@vger.kernel.org,
Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>,
"Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)" <ljs@kernel.org>
Subject: [PATCH 16/23] kbuild: batch module finalisation
Date: Tue, 08 Sep 2026 21:55:16 +0100 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <20260908-build-speedup-v1-16-5dc1ac01672d@kernel.org> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20260908-build-speedup-v1-0-5dc1ac01672d@kernel.org>
Module finalisation on allmodconfig builds consists of a large number of
very short-lived jobs, and the make job dispatcher cannot possibly dispatch
jobs fast enough.
For allmodconfig x86-64 this can be on the order of ~22,000 jobs of a few
milliseconds in duration each.
However per-job cost grows with the variables the instance holds, here the
savedcmd_* of every .mod.o and .ko read back from the .cmd files, since it
walks them all to build each child's environment.
This makes module finalisation very inefficient when large numbers of
modules are being built.
Fix this by splitting modules.order into chunks of 128 at a time, run in
parallel.
Each instance holds only its own modules' variables and the top-level one
reads no per-module .cmd files at all, the same rules serve both levels,
and an instance is told its chunk with modfinal-first=<index>.
"make modules" with every *.mod.o and *.ko deleted goes from 28.9s to 15.9s
with clang 22. No-op "make modules" goes from 5.6s to 4.8s, as checking the
22,000 targets is spread over the chunks too.
Whole build, 128-thread Threadripper 9980X, best of N runs:
before after delta
-------------------------------
x86 allmodconfig, no-op make, gcc 1.9s 1.2s -0.74s (-39%)
x86 allmodconfig, no-op make, clang 2.4s 1.6s -0.77s (-32%)
x86 allmodconfig, clean, gcc 304.5s 291.4s -13.1s (-4%)
x86 allmodconfig, clean, clang 301.7s 297.0s -4.7s (-2%)
Assisted-by: LLM
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM) <ljs@kernel.org>
---
scripts/Makefile.modfinal | 26 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-
scripts/mod/sumversion.c | 4 ++--
2 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.modfinal b/scripts/Makefile.modfinal
index 75e9effdf02c..858fa798090b 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.modfinal
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.modfinal
@@ -13,9 +13,30 @@ include $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.lib
# find all modules listed in modules.order
modules := $(call read-file, modules.order)
+modfinal-chunk-size := 128
+
+ifdef modfinal-first
+
+# this instance handles the chunk of modules.order starting at $(modfinal-first)
+modules := $(wordlist $(modfinal-first), $(words $(modules)), $(modules))
+modules := $(wordlist 1, $(modfinal-chunk-size), $(modules))
+
__modfinal: $(modules:%.o=%.ko)
@:
+else
+
+modfinal-chunks := $(addprefix chunk-, $(shell seq 1 $(modfinal-chunk-size) $(words $(modules))))
+
+PHONY += $(modfinal-chunks)
+$(modfinal-chunks): .module-common.o
+ $(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modfinal modfinal-first=$(@:chunk-%=%)
+
+__modfinal: $(modfinal-chunks)
+ @:
+
+endif
+
# modname and part-of-module are set to make c_flags define proper module flags
modname = $(notdir $(@:.mod.o=))
part-of-module = y
@@ -58,7 +79,10 @@ ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF_MODULES
endif
+$(call cmd,check_tracepoint)
-targets += $(modules:%.o=%.ko) $(modules:%.o=%.mod.o) .module-common.o
+targets += .module-common.o
+ifdef modfinal-first
+targets += $(modules:%.o=%.ko) $(modules:%.o=%.mod.o)
+endif
# Add FORCE to the prerequisites of a target to force it to be always rebuilt.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/scripts/mod/sumversion.c b/scripts/mod/sumversion.c
index 2cbadd3cd97d..5501d6aa0bea 100644
--- a/scripts/mod/sumversion.c
+++ b/scripts/mod/sumversion.c
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ static int parse_comment(const char *file, unsigned long len)
/* FIXME: Handle .s files differently (eg. # starts comments) --RR */
static bool stop_char[256];
-static void init_stop_chars(void)
+static void sumversion_init(void)
{
static bool done;
int chr;
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ static int parse_file(const char *fname, struct md4_ctx *md)
len = strlen(file);
if (!len)
goto out_file;
- init_stop_chars();
+ sumversion_init();
buf = xmalloc(len); /* File output buffer. */
for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
--
2.55.0
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next prev parent reply other threads:[~2026-09-08 20:58 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 90+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2026-09-08 20:55 [PATCH 00/23] kbuild: significantly speed up kernel builds Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-08 20:55 ` [PATCH 01/23] scripts/mksysmap: drop the MODULE_INFO() symbols from kallsyms Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-09 19:47 ` Nicolas Schier
2026-09-10 11:00 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-10 4:19 ` Nathan Chancellor
2026-09-10 11:03 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-10 19:00 ` Nicolas Schier
2026-09-08 20:55 ` [PATCH 02/23] scripts/mksysmap: fix escape of '$' in the __pi_ pattern Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-09 19:47 ` Nicolas Schier
2026-09-10 11:04 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-10 4:19 ` Nathan Chancellor
2026-09-10 11:21 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-10 19:00 ` Nicolas Schier
2026-09-08 20:55 ` [PATCH 03/23] kallsyms: index symbols by token to speed up table compression Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-08 20:55 ` [PATCH 04/23] kallsyms: output binary data to speed output and kallsyms assembly Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-09 14:35 ` Linus Torvalds
2026-09-10 9:29 ` David Laight
2026-09-11 11:07 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-12 6:38 ` [4/23] " Markus Elfring
2026-09-08 20:55 ` [PATCH 05/23] kbuild: do not sort nm output where the order is irrelevant Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-10 4:19 ` Nathan Chancellor
2026-09-08 20:55 ` [PATCH 06/23] kbuild: only emit vmlinux relocations when required Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-10 4:19 ` Nathan Chancellor
2026-09-08 20:55 ` [PATCH 07/23] elf-parse: add section flags, symbol binding and a read-only mapping Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-08 20:55 ` [PATCH 08/23] kallsyms: reimplement mksysmap in C Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-11 18:52 ` Markus Elfring
2026-09-11 19:15 ` Markus Elfring
2026-09-11 19:42 ` Markus Elfring
2026-09-08 20:55 ` [PATCH 09/23] kbuild: do not allocate .modinfo in vmlinux Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-10 4:19 ` Nathan Chancellor
2026-09-10 10:59 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-08 20:55 ` [PATCH 10/23] kbuild: cache list, composite object state per object Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-08 20:55 ` [PATCH 11/23] kbuild: implement and use depcheck to check dependency timestamps Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-09 15:26 ` Linus Torvalds
2026-09-08 20:55 ` [PATCH 12/23] kbuild: avoid re-running compiler and linker probes Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-10 4:19 ` Nathan Chancellor
2026-09-10 15:42 ` Nicolas Schier
2026-09-11 10:30 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-11 18:10 ` Nicolas Schier
2026-09-11 18:25 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-11 17:33 ` David Laight
2026-09-11 18:17 ` Nicolas Schier
2026-09-11 18:24 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-11 19:34 ` Nicolas Schier
2026-09-11 21:01 ` David Laight
2026-09-12 7:11 ` Nathan Chancellor
2026-09-11 10:26 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-12 6:51 ` Nathan Chancellor
2026-09-12 10:03 ` David Laight
2026-09-08 20:55 ` [PATCH 13/23] modpost: hash module source per-file, not per-byte Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-10 12:52 ` Petr Pavlu
2026-09-11 10:41 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-11 11:57 ` Petr Pavlu
2026-09-11 12:21 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-08 20:55 ` [PATCH 14/23] modpost: cache section relocation mismatch state Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-08 20:55 ` [PATCH 15/23] modpost: emit module descriptors as assembly Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-09 14:59 ` Linus Torvalds
2026-09-08 20:55 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM) [this message]
2026-09-10 15:48 ` [PATCH 16/23] kbuild: batch module finalisation Nicolas Schier
2026-09-11 10:23 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-08 20:55 ` [PATCH 17/23] modpost: perform srcversion hashing in parallel Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-10 10:32 ` David Laight
2026-09-11 10:49 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-12 11:50 ` Yann Droneaud
2026-09-08 20:55 ` [PATCH 18/23] objtool: cache relocations and function dead end state, do less work Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-08 20:55 ` [PATCH 19/23] objtool: decode instructions and resolve branch targets in parallel Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-08 20:55 ` [PATCH 20/23] kbuild: rust: parallelise rustc front end Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-08 21:13 ` Miguel Ojeda
2026-09-09 14:22 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-09 10:22 ` Björn Baron
2026-09-09 12:59 ` Miguel Ojeda
2026-09-09 14:26 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-10 12:25 ` Nicolas Schier (FRITZ!)
2026-09-11 19:00 ` Nicolas Schier
2026-09-08 20:55 ` [PATCH 21/23] rust: make exports.o depend on the headers generated for it Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-08 20:55 ` [PATCH 22/23] kbuild: build rust crates in parallel with the rest of the build Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-08 20:55 ` [PATCH 23/23] kbuild: use pigz for gzip compression if available Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-10 4:19 ` Nathan Chancellor
2026-09-11 11:03 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-12 6:38 ` Nathan Chancellor
2026-09-08 21:06 ` [PATCH 00/23] kbuild: significantly speed up kernel builds Nick Desaulniers
[not found] ` <aqFptJRjLZIL-NX7@gremlin>
2026-09-09 22:09 ` Nick Desaulniers
2026-09-11 11:25 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-09 15:37 ` Linus Torvalds
2026-09-09 16:30 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-09 21:58 ` Florian Fainelli
2026-09-11 11:28 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
2026-09-12 6:44 ` Nathan Chancellor
2026-09-10 4:19 ` Nathan Chancellor
2026-09-11 11:13 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
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