[RFC] How to fix eventpoll rwlock based priority inversion on PREEMPT_RT?

[RFC] How to fix eventpoll rwlock based priority inversion on PREEMPT_RT?

[Frederic Weisbecker]

Hi,

I'm iterating again on this topic, this time with the author of
the patch Cc'ed.

The following commit:

    a218cc491420 (epoll: use rwlock in order to reduce ep_poll
                  callback() contention)

has changed the ep->lock into an rwlock. This can cause priority inversion
on PREEMPT_RT. Here is an example:


1) High priority task A waits for events on epoll_wait(), nothing shows up so
   it goes to sleep for new events in the ep_poll() loop.

2) Lower prio task B brings new events in ep_poll_callback(), waking up A
   while still holding read_lock(ep->lock)

3) Task A wakes up immediately, tries to grab write_lock(ep->lock) but it has
   to wait for task B to release read_lock(ep->lock). Unfortunately there is
   no priority inheritance when write_lock() is called on an rwlock that is
   already read_lock'ed. So back to task B that may even be preempted by
   yet another task before releasing read_lock(ep->lock).


Now how to solve this? Several possibilities:


== Delay the wake up after releasing the read_lock()? ==

That solves part of the problem only. If another event comes up
concurrently we are back to the original issue.

== Make rwlock more fair ? ==

Currently read_lock() only acquires the rtmutex if the lock is already
write-held (or write_lock() is waiting to acquire). So if read_lock() happens
after write_lock(), fairness is observed but if write_lock() happens after
read_lock(), priority inheritance doesn't happen.

I think there has been attempts to solve this by the past but some issues
arised (don't know the exact details, comments on rwbase_rt.c bring some clues).

== Convert the rwlock to RCU ? ==

Traditionally, we try to convert rwlocks bringing issues to RCU. I'm not sure the
situation fits here because the rwlock is used the other way around:
the epoll consumer does the write_lock() and the producers do read_lock(). Then
concurrent producers use ad-hoc concurrent list add (see list_add_tail_lockless)
to handle racy modifications.

There are also list modifications on both side. There are added from the
producers and read and deleted (even re-added sometimes) on the consumer side.

Perhaps RCU could be used with keeping locking on the consumer side...

== Convert to llist ? ==

It's a possibility but some operations like single element deletion may be
costly because only llist_add() and llist_del_all() are atomic on llist.
!CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT might not be happy about it.

== Consider epoll not PREEMPT_RT friendly? ==

A last resort is to simply consider epoll is not RT-friendly and suggest
using more simple alternatives like poll()....

Any thoughts?

Re: [RFC] How to fix eventpoll rwlock based priority inversion on PREEMPT_RT?

[Eric Wong]

Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org> wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> I'm iterating again on this topic, this time with the author of
> the patch Cc'ed.
> 
> The following commit:
> 
>     a218cc491420 (epoll: use rwlock in order to reduce ep_poll
>                   callback() contention)
> 
> has changed the ep->lock into an rwlock. This can cause priority inversion
> on PREEMPT_RT. Here is an example:
> 
> 
> 1) High priority task A waits for events on epoll_wait(), nothing shows up so
>    it goes to sleep for new events in the ep_poll() loop.
> 
> 2) Lower prio task B brings new events in ep_poll_callback(), waking up A
>    while still holding read_lock(ep->lock)
> 
> 3) Task A wakes up immediately, tries to grab write_lock(ep->lock) but it has
>    to wait for task B to release read_lock(ep->lock). Unfortunately there is
>    no priority inheritance when write_lock() is called on an rwlock that is
>    already read_lock'ed. So back to task B that may even be preempted by
>    yet another task before releasing read_lock(ep->lock).
> 
> 
> Now how to solve this? Several possibilities:
> 
> == Delay the wake up after releasing the read_lock()? ==
> 
> That solves part of the problem only. If another event comes up
> concurrently we are back to the original issue.
> 
> == Make rwlock more fair ? ==
> 
> Currently read_lock() only acquires the rtmutex if the lock is already
> write-held (or write_lock() is waiting to acquire). So if read_lock() happens
> after write_lock(), fairness is observed but if write_lock() happens after
> read_lock(), priority inheritance doesn't happen.
> 
> I think there has been attempts to solve this by the past but some issues
> arised (don't know the exact details, comments on rwbase_rt.c bring some clues).
> 
> == Convert the rwlock to RCU ? ==
> 
> Traditionally, we try to convert rwlocks bringing issues to RCU. I'm not sure the
> situation fits here because the rwlock is used the other way around:
> the epoll consumer does the write_lock() and the producers do read_lock(). Then
> concurrent producers use ad-hoc concurrent list add (see list_add_tail_lockless)
> to handle racy modifications.
> 
> There are also list modifications on both side. There are added from the
> producers and read and deleted (even re-added sometimes) on the consumer side.
> 
> Perhaps RCU could be used with keeping locking on the consumer side...

+CC linux-fsdevel and Mathieu Desnoyers

I proposed using wfcqueue many years ago, but ran out of
time/hardware/funding to work on it:

  https://yhbt.net/lore/lkml/20130401183118.GA9968@dcvr.yhbt.net/

wfcqueue is used internally by Userspace-RCU, but wfcqueue
itself doesn't rely on RCU.  I'm not sure if wfcqueue helps
PREEMPT_RT, but Mathieu + Paul might.

> == Convert to llist ? ==
> 
> It's a possibility but some operations like single element deletion may be
> costly because only llist_add() and llist_del_all() are atomic on llist.
> !CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT might not be happy about it.
> 
> == Consider epoll not PREEMPT_RT friendly? ==
> 
> A last resort is to simply consider epoll is not RT-friendly and suggest
> using more simple alternatives like poll()....
> 
> Any thoughts?