linux-next: KVM/s390x regression (was: [v7 03/16] mm/huge_memory: add device-private THP support to PMD operations)

linux-next: KVM/s390x regression (was: [v7 03/16] mm/huge_memory: add device-private THP support to PMD operations)

[Christian Borntraeger]

This patch triggers a regression for s390x kvm as qemu guests can no longer start

error: kvm run failed Cannot allocate memory
PSW=mask 0000000180000000 addr 000000007fd00600
R00=0000000000000000 R01=0000000000000000 R02=0000000000000000 R03=0000000000000000
R04=0000000000000000 R05=0000000000000000 R06=0000000000000000 R07=0000000000000000
R08=0000000000000000 R09=0000000000000000 R10=0000000000000000 R11=0000000000000000
R12=0000000000000000 R13=0000000000000000 R14=0000000000000000 R15=0000000000000000
C00=00000000000000e0 C01=0000000000000000 C02=0000000000000000 C03=0000000000000000
C04=0000000000000000 C05=0000000000000000 C06=0000000000000000 C07=0000000000000000
C08=0000000000000000 C09=0000000000000000 C10=0000000000000000 C11=0000000000000000
C12=0000000000000000 C13=0000000000000000 C14=00000000c2000000 C15=0000000000000000

KVM on s390x does not use THP so far, will investigate. Does anyone have a quick idea?

Christian Borntraeger

Re: linux-next: KVM/s390x regression

[David Hildenbrand]

On 17.10.25 16:49, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
> This patch triggers a regression for s390x kvm as qemu guests can no longer start
> 
> error: kvm run failed Cannot allocate memory
> PSW=mask 0000000180000000 addr 000000007fd00600
> R00=0000000000000000 R01=0000000000000000 R02=0000000000000000 R03=0000000000000000
> R04=0000000000000000 R05=0000000000000000 R06=0000000000000000 R07=0000000000000000
> R08=0000000000000000 R09=0000000000000000 R10=0000000000000000 R11=0000000000000000
> R12=0000000000000000 R13=0000000000000000 R14=0000000000000000 R15=0000000000000000
> C00=00000000000000e0 C01=0000000000000000 C02=0000000000000000 C03=0000000000000000
> C04=0000000000000000 C05=0000000000000000 C06=0000000000000000 C07=0000000000000000
> C08=0000000000000000 C09=0000000000000000 C10=0000000000000000 C11=0000000000000000
> C12=0000000000000000 C13=0000000000000000 C14=00000000c2000000 C15=0000000000000000
> 
> KVM on s390x does not use THP so far, will investigate. Does anyone have a quick idea?

Only when running KVM guests and apart from that everything else seems 
to be fine?

That's weird :)

-- 
Cheers

David / dhildenb

Re: linux-next: KVM/s390x regression

[Christian Borntraeger]

Am 17.10.25 um 16:54 schrieb David Hildenbrand:
> On 17.10.25 16:49, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
>> This patch triggers a regression for s390x kvm as qemu guests can no longer start
>>
>> error: kvm run failed Cannot allocate memory
>> PSW=mask 0000000180000000 addr 000000007fd00600
>> R00=0000000000000000 R01=0000000000000000 R02=0000000000000000 R03=0000000000000000
>> R04=0000000000000000 R05=0000000000000000 R06=0000000000000000 R07=0000000000000000
>> R08=0000000000000000 R09=0000000000000000 R10=0000000000000000 R11=0000000000000000
>> R12=0000000000000000 R13=0000000000000000 R14=0000000000000000 R15=0000000000000000
>> C00=00000000000000e0 C01=0000000000000000 C02=0000000000000000 C03=0000000000000000
>> C04=0000000000000000 C05=0000000000000000 C06=0000000000000000 C07=0000000000000000
>> C08=0000000000000000 C09=0000000000000000 C10=0000000000000000 C11=0000000000000000
>> C12=0000000000000000 C13=0000000000000000 C14=00000000c2000000 C15=0000000000000000
>>
>> KVM on s390x does not use THP so far, will investigate. Does anyone have a quick idea?
> 
> Only when running KVM guests and apart from that everything else seems to be fine?

We have other weirdness in linux-next but in different areas. Could that somehow be
related to use disabling THP for the kvm address space?

Re: linux-next: KVM/s390x regression

[David Hildenbrand]

On 17.10.25 17:01, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
> Am 17.10.25 um 16:54 schrieb David Hildenbrand:
>> On 17.10.25 16:49, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
>>> This patch triggers a regression for s390x kvm as qemu guests can no longer start
>>>
>>> error: kvm run failed Cannot allocate memory
>>> PSW=mask 0000000180000000 addr 000000007fd00600
>>> R00=0000000000000000 R01=0000000000000000 R02=0000000000000000 R03=0000000000000000
>>> R04=0000000000000000 R05=0000000000000000 R06=0000000000000000 R07=0000000000000000
>>> R08=0000000000000000 R09=0000000000000000 R10=0000000000000000 R11=0000000000000000
>>> R12=0000000000000000 R13=0000000000000000 R14=0000000000000000 R15=0000000000000000
>>> C00=00000000000000e0 C01=0000000000000000 C02=0000000000000000 C03=0000000000000000
>>> C04=0000000000000000 C05=0000000000000000 C06=0000000000000000 C07=0000000000000000
>>> C08=0000000000000000 C09=0000000000000000 C10=0000000000000000 C11=0000000000000000
>>> C12=0000000000000000 C13=0000000000000000 C14=00000000c2000000 C15=0000000000000000
>>>
>>> KVM on s390x does not use THP so far, will investigate. Does anyone have a quick idea?
>>
>> Only when running KVM guests and apart from that everything else seems to be fine?
> 
> We have other weirdness in linux-next but in different areas. Could that somehow be
> related to use disabling THP for the kvm address space?

Not sure ... it's a bit weird. I mean, when KVM disables THPs we 
essentially just remap everything to be mapped by PTEs. So there 
shouldn't be any PMDs in that whole process.

Remapping a file THP (shmem) implies zapping the THP completely.


I assume in your kernel config has CONFIG_ZONE_DEVICE and 
CONFIG_ARCH_ENABLE_THP_MIGRATION set, right?

I'd rule out copy_huge_pmd(), zap_huge_pmd() a well.


What happens if you revert the change in mm/pgtable-generic.c?


But the whole -ENOMEM error is a weird symptom.

-- 
Cheers

David / dhildenb

Re: linux-next: KVM/s390x regression

[Christian Borntraeger]

Am 17.10.25 um 17:07 schrieb David Hildenbrand:
> On 17.10.25 17:01, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
>> Am 17.10.25 um 16:54 schrieb David Hildenbrand:
>>> On 17.10.25 16:49, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
>>>> This patch triggers a regression for s390x kvm as qemu guests can no longer start
>>>>
>>>> error: kvm run failed Cannot allocate memory
>>>> PSW=mask 0000000180000000 addr 000000007fd00600
>>>> R00=0000000000000000 R01=0000000000000000 R02=0000000000000000 R03=0000000000000000
>>>> R04=0000000000000000 R05=0000000000000000 R06=0000000000000000 R07=0000000000000000
>>>> R08=0000000000000000 R09=0000000000000000 R10=0000000000000000 R11=0000000000000000
>>>> R12=0000000000000000 R13=0000000000000000 R14=0000000000000000 R15=0000000000000000
>>>> C00=00000000000000e0 C01=0000000000000000 C02=0000000000000000 C03=0000000000000000
>>>> C04=0000000000000000 C05=0000000000000000 C06=0000000000000000 C07=0000000000000000
>>>> C08=0000000000000000 C09=0000000000000000 C10=0000000000000000 C11=0000000000000000
>>>> C12=0000000000000000 C13=0000000000000000 C14=00000000c2000000 C15=0000000000000000
>>>>
>>>> KVM on s390x does not use THP so far, will investigate. Does anyone have a quick idea?
>>>
>>> Only when running KVM guests and apart from that everything else seems to be fine?
>>
>> We have other weirdness in linux-next but in different areas. Could that somehow be
>> related to use disabling THP for the kvm address space?
> 
> Not sure ... it's a bit weird. I mean, when KVM disables THPs we essentially just remap everything to be mapped by PTEs. So there shouldn't be any PMDs in that whole process.
> 
> Remapping a file THP (shmem) implies zapping the THP completely.
> 
> 
> I assume in your kernel config has CONFIG_ZONE_DEVICE and CONFIG_ARCH_ENABLE_THP_MIGRATION set, right?

yes.

> 
> I'd rule out copy_huge_pmd(), zap_huge_pmd() a well.
> 
> 
> What happens if you revert the change in mm/pgtable-generic.c?

That partial revert seems to fix the issue
diff --git a/mm/pgtable-generic.c b/mm/pgtable-generic.c
index 0c847cdf4fd3..567e2d084071 100644
--- a/mm/pgtable-generic.c
+++ b/mm/pgtable-generic.c
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ pte_t *___pte_offset_map(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr, pmd_t *pmdvalp)
  
         if (pmdvalp)
                 *pmdvalp = pmdval;
-       if (unlikely(pmd_none(pmdval) || !pmd_present(pmdval)))
+       if (unlikely(pmd_none(pmdval) || is_pmd_migration_entry(pmdval)))
                 goto nomap;
         if (unlikely(pmd_trans_huge(pmdval)))
                 goto nomap;

Re: linux-next: KVM/s390x regression

[David Hildenbrand]

On 17.10.25 17:20, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
> 
> 
> Am 17.10.25 um 17:07 schrieb David Hildenbrand:
>> On 17.10.25 17:01, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
>>> Am 17.10.25 um 16:54 schrieb David Hildenbrand:
>>>> On 17.10.25 16:49, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
>>>>> This patch triggers a regression for s390x kvm as qemu guests can no longer start
>>>>>
>>>>> error: kvm run failed Cannot allocate memory
>>>>> PSW=mask 0000000180000000 addr 000000007fd00600
>>>>> R00=0000000000000000 R01=0000000000000000 R02=0000000000000000 R03=0000000000000000
>>>>> R04=0000000000000000 R05=0000000000000000 R06=0000000000000000 R07=0000000000000000
>>>>> R08=0000000000000000 R09=0000000000000000 R10=0000000000000000 R11=0000000000000000
>>>>> R12=0000000000000000 R13=0000000000000000 R14=0000000000000000 R15=0000000000000000
>>>>> C00=00000000000000e0 C01=0000000000000000 C02=0000000000000000 C03=0000000000000000
>>>>> C04=0000000000000000 C05=0000000000000000 C06=0000000000000000 C07=0000000000000000
>>>>> C08=0000000000000000 C09=0000000000000000 C10=0000000000000000 C11=0000000000000000
>>>>> C12=0000000000000000 C13=0000000000000000 C14=00000000c2000000 C15=0000000000000000
>>>>>
>>>>> KVM on s390x does not use THP so far, will investigate. Does anyone have a quick idea?
>>>>
>>>> Only when running KVM guests and apart from that everything else seems to be fine?
>>>
>>> We have other weirdness in linux-next but in different areas. Could that somehow be
>>> related to use disabling THP for the kvm address space?
>>
>> Not sure ... it's a bit weird. I mean, when KVM disables THPs we essentially just remap everything to be mapped by PTEs. So there shouldn't be any PMDs in that whole process.
>>
>> Remapping a file THP (shmem) implies zapping the THP completely.
>>
>>
>> I assume in your kernel config has CONFIG_ZONE_DEVICE and CONFIG_ARCH_ENABLE_THP_MIGRATION set, right?
> 
> yes.
> 
>>
>> I'd rule out copy_huge_pmd(), zap_huge_pmd() a well.
>>
>>
>> What happens if you revert the change in mm/pgtable-generic.c?
> 
> That partial revert seems to fix the issue
> diff --git a/mm/pgtable-generic.c b/mm/pgtable-generic.c
> index 0c847cdf4fd3..567e2d084071 100644
> --- a/mm/pgtable-generic.c
> +++ b/mm/pgtable-generic.c
> @@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ pte_t *___pte_offset_map(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr, pmd_t *pmdvalp)
>    
>           if (pmdvalp)
>                   *pmdvalp = pmdval;
> -       if (unlikely(pmd_none(pmdval) || !pmd_present(pmdval)))
> +       if (unlikely(pmd_none(pmdval) || is_pmd_migration_entry(pmdval)))

Okay, but that means that effectively we stumble over a PMD entry that 
is not a migration entry but still non-present.

And I would expect that it's a page table, because otherwise the change
wouldn't make a difference.

And the weird thing is that this only triggers sometimes, because if
it would always trigger nothing would ever work.

Is there some weird scenario where s390x might set a left page table 
mapped in a PMD to non-present?

Staring at the definition of pmd_present() on s390x it's really just

	return (pmd_val(pmd) & _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PRESENT) != 0;


Maybe this is happening in the gmap code only and not actually in the 
core-mm code?

-- 
Cheers

David / dhildenb

Re: linux-next: KVM/s390x regression

[Balbir Singh]

On 10/18/25 04:07, David Hildenbrand wrote:
> On 17.10.25 17:20, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
>>
>>
>> Am 17.10.25 um 17:07 schrieb David Hildenbrand:
>>> On 17.10.25 17:01, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
>>>> Am 17.10.25 um 16:54 schrieb David Hildenbrand:
>>>>> On 17.10.25 16:49, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
>>>>>> This patch triggers a regression for s390x kvm as qemu guests can no longer start
>>>>>>
>>>>>> error: kvm run failed Cannot allocate memory
>>>>>> PSW=mask 0000000180000000 addr 000000007fd00600
>>>>>> R00=0000000000000000 R01=0000000000000000 R02=0000000000000000 R03=0000000000000000
>>>>>> R04=0000000000000000 R05=0000000000000000 R06=0000000000000000 R07=0000000000000000
>>>>>> R08=0000000000000000 R09=0000000000000000 R10=0000000000000000 R11=0000000000000000
>>>>>> R12=0000000000000000 R13=0000000000000000 R14=0000000000000000 R15=0000000000000000
>>>>>> C00=00000000000000e0 C01=0000000000000000 C02=0000000000000000 C03=0000000000000000
>>>>>> C04=0000000000000000 C05=0000000000000000 C06=0000000000000000 C07=0000000000000000
>>>>>> C08=0000000000000000 C09=0000000000000000 C10=0000000000000000 C11=0000000000000000
>>>>>> C12=0000000000000000 C13=0000000000000000 C14=00000000c2000000 C15=0000000000000000
>>>>>>
>>>>>> KVM on s390x does not use THP so far, will investigate. Does anyone have a quick idea?
>>>>>
>>>>> Only when running KVM guests and apart from that everything else seems to be fine?
>>>>
>>>> We have other weirdness in linux-next but in different areas. Could that somehow be
>>>> related to use disabling THP for the kvm address space?
>>>
>>> Not sure ... it's a bit weird. I mean, when KVM disables THPs we essentially just remap everything to be mapped by PTEs. So there shouldn't be any PMDs in that whole process.
>>>
>>> Remapping a file THP (shmem) implies zapping the THP completely.
>>>
>>>
>>> I assume in your kernel config has CONFIG_ZONE_DEVICE and CONFIG_ARCH_ENABLE_THP_MIGRATION set, right?
>>
>> yes.
>>
>>>
>>> I'd rule out copy_huge_pmd(), zap_huge_pmd() a well.
>>>
>>>
>>> What happens if you revert the change in mm/pgtable-generic.c?
>>
>> That partial revert seems to fix the issue
>> diff --git a/mm/pgtable-generic.c b/mm/pgtable-generic.c
>> index 0c847cdf4fd3..567e2d084071 100644
>> --- a/mm/pgtable-generic.c
>> +++ b/mm/pgtable-generic.c
>> @@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ pte_t *___pte_offset_map(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr, pmd_t *pmdvalp)
>>              if (pmdvalp)
>>                   *pmdvalp = pmdval;
>> -       if (unlikely(pmd_none(pmdval) || !pmd_present(pmdval)))
>> +       if (unlikely(pmd_none(pmdval) || is_pmd_migration_entry(pmdval)))
> 
> Okay, but that means that effectively we stumble over a PMD entry that is not a migration entry but still non-present.
> 
> And I would expect that it's a page table, because otherwise the change
> wouldn't make a difference.
> 
> And the weird thing is that this only triggers sometimes, because if
> it would always trigger nothing would ever work.
> 
> Is there some weird scenario where s390x might set a left page table mapped in a PMD to non-present?
> 

Good point

> Staring at the definition of pmd_present() on s390x it's really just
> 
>     return (pmd_val(pmd) & _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PRESENT) != 0;
> 
> 
> Maybe this is happening in the gmap code only and not actually in the core-mm code?
> 


I am not an s390 expert, but just looking at the code

So the check on s390 effectively

segment_entry/present = false or segment_entry_empty/invalid = true

Given that the revert works, the check changes to

segment_entry/present = false or pmd_migration_entry (PAGE_INVALID | PAGE_PROTECT)

So it isn't the first check of segment_entry/present = false

sounds like for s390 we would want __pte_offset_map to allow mappings with
segment_entry_empty/invalid entries?

Any chance we can get the stack trace and a dump of the PMD entry when the issue occurs?

In the meanwhile, does this fix/workaround work?

diff --git a/mm/pgtable-generic.c b/mm/pgtable-generic.c
index 0c847cdf4fd3..31c1754d5bd4 100644
--- a/mm/pgtable-generic.c
+++ b/mm/pgtable-generic.c
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ pte_t *___pte_offset_map(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr, pmd_t *pmdvalp)
 
 	if (pmdvalp)
 		*pmdvalp = pmdval;
-	if (unlikely(pmd_none(pmdval) || !pmd_present(pmdval)))
+	if (unlikely(pmd_none(pmdval) || is_pmd_non_present_folio_entry(pmdval)))
 		goto nomap;
 	if (unlikely(pmd_trans_huge(pmdval)))
 		goto nomap;



Thanks David and Christian!

Balbir

Re: linux-next: KVM/s390x regression

[David Hildenbrand]

On 17.10.25 23:56, Balbir Singh wrote:
> On 10/18/25 04:07, David Hildenbrand wrote:
>> On 17.10.25 17:20, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>> Am 17.10.25 um 17:07 schrieb David Hildenbrand:
>>>> On 17.10.25 17:01, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
>>>>> Am 17.10.25 um 16:54 schrieb David Hildenbrand:
>>>>>> On 17.10.25 16:49, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
>>>>>>> This patch triggers a regression for s390x kvm as qemu guests can no longer start
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> error: kvm run failed Cannot allocate memory
>>>>>>> PSW=mask 0000000180000000 addr 000000007fd00600
>>>>>>> R00=0000000000000000 R01=0000000000000000 R02=0000000000000000 R03=0000000000000000
>>>>>>> R04=0000000000000000 R05=0000000000000000 R06=0000000000000000 R07=0000000000000000
>>>>>>> R08=0000000000000000 R09=0000000000000000 R10=0000000000000000 R11=0000000000000000
>>>>>>> R12=0000000000000000 R13=0000000000000000 R14=0000000000000000 R15=0000000000000000
>>>>>>> C00=00000000000000e0 C01=0000000000000000 C02=0000000000000000 C03=0000000000000000
>>>>>>> C04=0000000000000000 C05=0000000000000000 C06=0000000000000000 C07=0000000000000000
>>>>>>> C08=0000000000000000 C09=0000000000000000 C10=0000000000000000 C11=0000000000000000
>>>>>>> C12=0000000000000000 C13=0000000000000000 C14=00000000c2000000 C15=0000000000000000
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> KVM on s390x does not use THP so far, will investigate. Does anyone have a quick idea?
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Only when running KVM guests and apart from that everything else seems to be fine?
>>>>>
>>>>> We have other weirdness in linux-next but in different areas. Could that somehow be
>>>>> related to use disabling THP for the kvm address space?
>>>>
>>>> Not sure ... it's a bit weird. I mean, when KVM disables THPs we essentially just remap everything to be mapped by PTEs. So there shouldn't be any PMDs in that whole process.
>>>>
>>>> Remapping a file THP (shmem) implies zapping the THP completely.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> I assume in your kernel config has CONFIG_ZONE_DEVICE and CONFIG_ARCH_ENABLE_THP_MIGRATION set, right?
>>>
>>> yes.
>>>
>>>>
>>>> I'd rule out copy_huge_pmd(), zap_huge_pmd() a well.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> What happens if you revert the change in mm/pgtable-generic.c?
>>>
>>> That partial revert seems to fix the issue
>>> diff --git a/mm/pgtable-generic.c b/mm/pgtable-generic.c
>>> index 0c847cdf4fd3..567e2d084071 100644
>>> --- a/mm/pgtable-generic.c
>>> +++ b/mm/pgtable-generic.c
>>> @@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ pte_t *___pte_offset_map(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr, pmd_t *pmdvalp)
>>>               if (pmdvalp)
>>>                    *pmdvalp = pmdval;
>>> -       if (unlikely(pmd_none(pmdval) || !pmd_present(pmdval)))
>>> +       if (unlikely(pmd_none(pmdval) || is_pmd_migration_entry(pmdval)))
>>
>> Okay, but that means that effectively we stumble over a PMD entry that is not a migration entry but still non-present.
>>
>> And I would expect that it's a page table, because otherwise the change
>> wouldn't make a difference.
>>
>> And the weird thing is that this only triggers sometimes, because if
>> it would always trigger nothing would ever work.
>>
>> Is there some weird scenario where s390x might set a left page table mapped in a PMD to non-present?
>>
> 
> Good point
> 
>> Staring at the definition of pmd_present() on s390x it's really just
>>
>>      return (pmd_val(pmd) & _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PRESENT) != 0;
>>
>>
>> Maybe this is happening in the gmap code only and not actually in the core-mm code?
>>
> 
> 
> I am not an s390 expert, but just looking at the code
> 
> So the check on s390 effectively
> 
> segment_entry/present = false or segment_entry_empty/invalid = true

pmd_present() == true iff _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PRESENT is set

because

	return (pmd_val(pmd) & _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PRESENT) != 0;

is the same as

	return pmd_val(pmd) & _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PRESENT;

But that means we have something where _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PRESENT is not set.

I suspect that can only be the gmap tables.

Likely __gmap_link() does not set _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PRESENT, which is fine 
because it's a software managed bit for "ordinary" page tables, not gmap 
tables.

Which raises the question why someone would wrongly use 
pte_offset_map()/__pte_offset_map() on the gmap tables.

I cannot immediately spot any such usage in kvm/gmap code, though.

-- 
Cheers

David / dhildenb

Re: linux-next: KVM/s390x regression

[David Hildenbrand]

On 18.10.25 00:15, David Hildenbrand wrote:
> On 17.10.25 23:56, Balbir Singh wrote:
>> On 10/18/25 04:07, David Hildenbrand wrote:
>>> On 17.10.25 17:20, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Am 17.10.25 um 17:07 schrieb David Hildenbrand:
>>>>> On 17.10.25 17:01, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
>>>>>> Am 17.10.25 um 16:54 schrieb David Hildenbrand:
>>>>>>> On 17.10.25 16:49, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
>>>>>>>> This patch triggers a regression for s390x kvm as qemu guests can no longer start
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> error: kvm run failed Cannot allocate memory
>>>>>>>> PSW=mask 0000000180000000 addr 000000007fd00600
>>>>>>>> R00=0000000000000000 R01=0000000000000000 R02=0000000000000000 R03=0000000000000000
>>>>>>>> R04=0000000000000000 R05=0000000000000000 R06=0000000000000000 R07=0000000000000000
>>>>>>>> R08=0000000000000000 R09=0000000000000000 R10=0000000000000000 R11=0000000000000000
>>>>>>>> R12=0000000000000000 R13=0000000000000000 R14=0000000000000000 R15=0000000000000000
>>>>>>>> C00=00000000000000e0 C01=0000000000000000 C02=0000000000000000 C03=0000000000000000
>>>>>>>> C04=0000000000000000 C05=0000000000000000 C06=0000000000000000 C07=0000000000000000
>>>>>>>> C08=0000000000000000 C09=0000000000000000 C10=0000000000000000 C11=0000000000000000
>>>>>>>> C12=0000000000000000 C13=0000000000000000 C14=00000000c2000000 C15=0000000000000000
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> KVM on s390x does not use THP so far, will investigate. Does anyone have a quick idea?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Only when running KVM guests and apart from that everything else seems to be fine?
>>>>>>
>>>>>> We have other weirdness in linux-next but in different areas. Could that somehow be
>>>>>> related to use disabling THP for the kvm address space?
>>>>>
>>>>> Not sure ... it's a bit weird. I mean, when KVM disables THPs we essentially just remap everything to be mapped by PTEs. So there shouldn't be any PMDs in that whole process.
>>>>>
>>>>> Remapping a file THP (shmem) implies zapping the THP completely.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> I assume in your kernel config has CONFIG_ZONE_DEVICE and CONFIG_ARCH_ENABLE_THP_MIGRATION set, right?
>>>>
>>>> yes.
>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> I'd rule out copy_huge_pmd(), zap_huge_pmd() a well.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> What happens if you revert the change in mm/pgtable-generic.c?
>>>>
>>>> That partial revert seems to fix the issue
>>>> diff --git a/mm/pgtable-generic.c b/mm/pgtable-generic.c
>>>> index 0c847cdf4fd3..567e2d084071 100644
>>>> --- a/mm/pgtable-generic.c
>>>> +++ b/mm/pgtable-generic.c
>>>> @@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ pte_t *___pte_offset_map(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr, pmd_t *pmdvalp)
>>>>                if (pmdvalp)
>>>>                     *pmdvalp = pmdval;
>>>> -       if (unlikely(pmd_none(pmdval) || !pmd_present(pmdval)))
>>>> +       if (unlikely(pmd_none(pmdval) || is_pmd_migration_entry(pmdval)))
>>>
>>> Okay, but that means that effectively we stumble over a PMD entry that is not a migration entry but still non-present.
>>>
>>> And I would expect that it's a page table, because otherwise the change
>>> wouldn't make a difference.
>>>
>>> And the weird thing is that this only triggers sometimes, because if
>>> it would always trigger nothing would ever work.
>>>
>>> Is there some weird scenario where s390x might set a left page table mapped in a PMD to non-present?
>>>
>>
>> Good point
>>
>>> Staring at the definition of pmd_present() on s390x it's really just
>>>
>>>       return (pmd_val(pmd) & _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PRESENT) != 0;
>>>
>>>
>>> Maybe this is happening in the gmap code only and not actually in the core-mm code?
>>>
>>
>>
>> I am not an s390 expert, but just looking at the code
>>
>> So the check on s390 effectively
>>
>> segment_entry/present = false or segment_entry_empty/invalid = true
> 
> pmd_present() == true iff _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PRESENT is set
> 
> because
> 
> 	return (pmd_val(pmd) & _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PRESENT) != 0;
> 
> is the same as
> 
> 	return pmd_val(pmd) & _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PRESENT;
> 
> But that means we have something where _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PRESENT is not set.
> 
> I suspect that can only be the gmap tables.
> 
> Likely __gmap_link() does not set _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PRESENT, which is fine
> because it's a software managed bit for "ordinary" page tables, not gmap
> tables.
> 
> Which raises the question why someone would wrongly use
> pte_offset_map()/__pte_offset_map() on the gmap tables.
> 
> I cannot immediately spot any such usage in kvm/gmap code, though.
> 

Ah, it's all that pte_alloc_map_lock() stuff in gmap.c.

Oh my.

So we're mapping a user PTE table that is linked into the gmap tables 
through a PMD table that does not have the right sw bits set we would 
expect in a user PMD table.

What's also scary is that pte_alloc_map_lock() would try to pte_alloc() 
a user page table in the gmap, which sounds completely wrong?

Yeah, when walking the gmap and wanting to lock the linked user PTE 
table, we should probably never use the pte_*map variants but obtain
the lock through pte_lockptr().

All magic we end up doing with RCU etc in __pte_offset_map_lock()
does not apply to the gmap PMD table.

-- 
Cheers

David / dhildenb

Re: linux-next: KVM/s390x regression

[Christian Borntraeger]

Am 17.10.25 um 23:56 schrieb Balbir Singh:

> In the meanwhile, does this fix/workaround work?
> 
> diff --git a/mm/pgtable-generic.c b/mm/pgtable-generic.c
> index 0c847cdf4fd3..31c1754d5bd4 100644
> --- a/mm/pgtable-generic.c
> +++ b/mm/pgtable-generic.c
> @@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ pte_t *___pte_offset_map(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr, pmd_t *pmdvalp)
>   
>   	if (pmdvalp)
>   		*pmdvalp = pmdval;
> -	if (unlikely(pmd_none(pmdval) || !pmd_present(pmdval)))
> +	if (unlikely(pmd_none(pmdval) || is_pmd_non_present_folio_entry(pmdval)))
>   		goto nomap;
>   	if (unlikely(pmd_trans_huge(pmdval)))
>   		goto nomap;
> 

Yes, this seems to work.

CC Claudio.

Re: linux-next: KVM/s390x regression

[Christian Borntraeger]

Am 18.10.25 um 00:41 schrieb David Hildenbrand:
> On 18.10.25 00:15, David Hildenbrand wrote:
>> On 17.10.25 23:56, Balbir Singh wrote:
>>> On 10/18/25 04:07, David Hildenbrand wrote:
>>>> On 17.10.25 17:20, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> Am 17.10.25 um 17:07 schrieb David Hildenbrand:
>>>>>> On 17.10.25 17:01, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
>>>>>>> Am 17.10.25 um 16:54 schrieb David Hildenbrand:
>>>>>>>> On 17.10.25 16:49, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
>>>>>>>>> This patch triggers a regression for s390x kvm as qemu guests can no longer start
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> error: kvm run failed Cannot allocate memory
>>>>>>>>> PSW=mask 0000000180000000 addr 000000007fd00600
>>>>>>>>> R00=0000000000000000 R01=0000000000000000 R02=0000000000000000 R03=0000000000000000
>>>>>>>>> R04=0000000000000000 R05=0000000000000000 R06=0000000000000000 R07=0000000000000000
>>>>>>>>> R08=0000000000000000 R09=0000000000000000 R10=0000000000000000 R11=0000000000000000
>>>>>>>>> R12=0000000000000000 R13=0000000000000000 R14=0000000000000000 R15=0000000000000000
>>>>>>>>> C00=00000000000000e0 C01=0000000000000000 C02=0000000000000000 C03=0000000000000000
>>>>>>>>> C04=0000000000000000 C05=0000000000000000 C06=0000000000000000 C07=0000000000000000
>>>>>>>>> C08=0000000000000000 C09=0000000000000000 C10=0000000000000000 C11=0000000000000000
>>>>>>>>> C12=0000000000000000 C13=0000000000000000 C14=00000000c2000000 C15=0000000000000000
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> KVM on s390x does not use THP so far, will investigate. Does anyone have a quick idea?
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Only when running KVM guests and apart from that everything else seems to be fine?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> We have other weirdness in linux-next but in different areas. Could that somehow be
>>>>>>> related to use disabling THP for the kvm address space?
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Not sure ... it's a bit weird. I mean, when KVM disables THPs we essentially just remap everything to be mapped by PTEs. So there shouldn't be any PMDs in that whole process.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Remapping a file THP (shmem) implies zapping the THP completely.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I assume in your kernel config has CONFIG_ZONE_DEVICE and CONFIG_ARCH_ENABLE_THP_MIGRATION set, right?
>>>>>
>>>>> yes.
>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I'd rule out copy_huge_pmd(), zap_huge_pmd() a well.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> What happens if you revert the change in mm/pgtable-generic.c?
>>>>>
>>>>> That partial revert seems to fix the issue
>>>>> diff --git a/mm/pgtable-generic.c b/mm/pgtable-generic.c
>>>>> index 0c847cdf4fd3..567e2d084071 100644
>>>>> --- a/mm/pgtable-generic.c
>>>>> +++ b/mm/pgtable-generic.c
>>>>> @@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ pte_t *___pte_offset_map(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr, pmd_t *pmdvalp)
>>>>>                if (pmdvalp)
>>>>>                     *pmdvalp = pmdval;
>>>>> -       if (unlikely(pmd_none(pmdval) || !pmd_present(pmdval)))
>>>>> +       if (unlikely(pmd_none(pmdval) || is_pmd_migration_entry(pmdval)))
>>>>
>>>> Okay, but that means that effectively we stumble over a PMD entry that is not a migration entry but still non-present.
>>>>
>>>> And I would expect that it's a page table, because otherwise the change
>>>> wouldn't make a difference.
>>>>
>>>> And the weird thing is that this only triggers sometimes, because if
>>>> it would always trigger nothing would ever work.
>>>>
>>>> Is there some weird scenario where s390x might set a left page table mapped in a PMD to non-present?
>>>>
>>>
>>> Good point
>>>
>>>> Staring at the definition of pmd_present() on s390x it's really just
>>>>
>>>>       return (pmd_val(pmd) & _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PRESENT) != 0;
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Maybe this is happening in the gmap code only and not actually in the core-mm code?
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> I am not an s390 expert, but just looking at the code
>>>
>>> So the check on s390 effectively
>>>
>>> segment_entry/present = false or segment_entry_empty/invalid = true
>>
>> pmd_present() == true iff _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PRESENT is set
>>
>> because
>>
>>     return (pmd_val(pmd) & _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PRESENT) != 0;
>>
>> is the same as
>>
>>     return pmd_val(pmd) & _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PRESENT;
>>
>> But that means we have something where _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PRESENT is not set.
>>
>> I suspect that can only be the gmap tables.
>>
>> Likely __gmap_link() does not set _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PRESENT, which is fine
>> because it's a software managed bit for "ordinary" page tables, not gmap
>> tables.
>>
>> Which raises the question why someone would wrongly use
>> pte_offset_map()/__pte_offset_map() on the gmap tables.
>>
>> I cannot immediately spot any such usage in kvm/gmap code, though.
>>
> 
> Ah, it's all that pte_alloc_map_lock() stuff in gmap.c.
> 
> Oh my.
> 
> So we're mapping a user PTE table that is linked into the gmap tables through a PMD table that does not have the right sw bits set we would expect in a user PMD table.
> 
> What's also scary is that pte_alloc_map_lock() would try to pte_alloc() a user page table in the gmap, which sounds completely wrong?
> 
> Yeah, when walking the gmap and wanting to lock the linked user PTE table, we should probably never use the pte_*map variants but obtain
> the lock through pte_lockptr().
> 
> All magic we end up doing with RCU etc in __pte_offset_map_lock()
> does not apply to the gmap PMD table.
> 

CC Claudio.

Re: linux-next: KVM/s390x regression

[David Hildenbrand]

On 20.10.25 09:00, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
> Am 17.10.25 um 23:56 schrieb Balbir Singh:
> 
>> In the meanwhile, does this fix/workaround work?
>>
>> diff --git a/mm/pgtable-generic.c b/mm/pgtable-generic.c
>> index 0c847cdf4fd3..31c1754d5bd4 100644
>> --- a/mm/pgtable-generic.c
>> +++ b/mm/pgtable-generic.c
>> @@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ pte_t *___pte_offset_map(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr, pmd_t *pmdvalp)
>>    
>>    	if (pmdvalp)
>>    		*pmdvalp = pmdval;
>> -	if (unlikely(pmd_none(pmdval) || !pmd_present(pmdval)))
>> +	if (unlikely(pmd_none(pmdval) || is_pmd_non_present_folio_entry(pmdval)))
>>    		goto nomap;
>>    	if (unlikely(pmd_trans_huge(pmdval)))
>>    		goto nomap;
>>
> 
> Yes, this seems to work.

Right, but that's not what we will want here. We'll have to adjust s390x 
gmap code (which is getting redesigned either way) to only take the page 
lock.

In the end, we'll want here later a single

if (!pmd_present(pmdval))
	goto nomap;

-- 
Cheers

David / dhildenb

Re: linux-next: KVM/s390x regression

[Claudio Imbrenda]

On Mon, 20 Oct 2025 10:41:28 +0200
David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> wrote:

> On 20.10.25 09:00, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
> > Am 17.10.25 um 23:56 schrieb Balbir Singh:
> >   
> >> In the meanwhile, does this fix/workaround work?
> >>
> >> diff --git a/mm/pgtable-generic.c b/mm/pgtable-generic.c
> >> index 0c847cdf4fd3..31c1754d5bd4 100644
> >> --- a/mm/pgtable-generic.c
> >> +++ b/mm/pgtable-generic.c
> >> @@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ pte_t *___pte_offset_map(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr, pmd_t *pmdvalp)
> >>    
> >>    	if (pmdvalp)
> >>    		*pmdvalp = pmdval;
> >> -	if (unlikely(pmd_none(pmdval) || !pmd_present(pmdval)))
> >> +	if (unlikely(pmd_none(pmdval) || is_pmd_non_present_folio_entry(pmdval)))
> >>    		goto nomap;
> >>    	if (unlikely(pmd_trans_huge(pmdval)))
> >>    		goto nomap;
> >>  
> > 
> > Yes, this seems to work.  
> 
> Right, but that's not what we will want here. We'll have to adjust s390x 

I'm looking into that

> gmap code (which is getting redesigned either way) to only take the page 

unfortunately the rework won't make it in 6.18, so I'll have to quickly
cobble together a fix

> lock.
> 
> In the end, we'll want here later a single
> 
> if (!pmd_present(pmdval))
> 	goto nomap;
> 

Re: linux-next: KVM/s390x regression

[Claudio Imbrenda]

On Mon, 20 Oct 2025 10:41:28 +0200
David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> wrote:

> On 20.10.25 09:00, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
> > Am 17.10.25 um 23:56 schrieb Balbir Singh:
> >   
> >> In the meanwhile, does this fix/workaround work?
> >>
> >> diff --git a/mm/pgtable-generic.c b/mm/pgtable-generic.c
> >> index 0c847cdf4fd3..31c1754d5bd4 100644
> >> --- a/mm/pgtable-generic.c
> >> +++ b/mm/pgtable-generic.c
> >> @@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ pte_t *___pte_offset_map(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr, pmd_t *pmdvalp)
> >>    
> >>    	if (pmdvalp)
> >>    		*pmdvalp = pmdval;
> >> -	if (unlikely(pmd_none(pmdval) || !pmd_present(pmdval)))
> >> +	if (unlikely(pmd_none(pmdval) || is_pmd_non_present_folio_entry(pmdval)))
> >>    		goto nomap;
> >>    	if (unlikely(pmd_trans_huge(pmdval)))
> >>    		goto nomap;
> >>  
> > 
> > Yes, this seems to work.  
> 
> Right, but that's not what we will want here. We'll have to adjust s390x 
> gmap code (which is getting redesigned either way) to only take the page 
> lock.
> 
> In the end, we'll want here later a single
> 
> if (!pmd_present(pmdval))
> 	goto nomap;
> 

this seems to do the trick:

diff --git a/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c b/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c
index 8ff6bba107e8..22c448b32340 100644
--- a/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c
+++ b/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c
@@ -599,8 +599,9 @@ int __gmap_link(struct gmap *gmap, unsigned long
gaddr, unsigned long vmaddr) | _SEGMENT_ENTRY_GMAP_UC
                                        | _SEGMENT_ENTRY;
                        } else
-                               *table = pmd_val(*pmd) &
-                                       _SEGMENT_ENTRY_HARDWARE_BITS;
+                               *table = (pmd_val(*pmd) &
+                                       _SEGMENT_ENTRY_HARDWARE_BITS)
+                                       | _SEGMENT_ENTRY;
                }
        } else if (*table & _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PROTECT &&
                   !(pmd_val(*pmd) & _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PROTECT)) {



it marks non-leaf gmap segment (pmd) entries as present, just as normal
pmds would be.

I think it's a good enough fix for now, pending the rewrite, which I
hope to get in the next merge window

Re: linux-next: KVM/s390x regression

[David Hildenbrand]

On 27.10.25 17:47, Claudio Imbrenda wrote:
> On Mon, 20 Oct 2025 10:41:28 +0200
> David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> wrote:
> 
>> On 20.10.25 09:00, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
>>> Am 17.10.25 um 23:56 schrieb Balbir Singh:
>>>    
>>>> In the meanwhile, does this fix/workaround work?
>>>>
>>>> diff --git a/mm/pgtable-generic.c b/mm/pgtable-generic.c
>>>> index 0c847cdf4fd3..31c1754d5bd4 100644
>>>> --- a/mm/pgtable-generic.c
>>>> +++ b/mm/pgtable-generic.c
>>>> @@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ pte_t *___pte_offset_map(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr, pmd_t *pmdvalp)
>>>>     
>>>>     	if (pmdvalp)
>>>>     		*pmdvalp = pmdval;
>>>> -	if (unlikely(pmd_none(pmdval) || !pmd_present(pmdval)))
>>>> +	if (unlikely(pmd_none(pmdval) || is_pmd_non_present_folio_entry(pmdval)))
>>>>     		goto nomap;
>>>>     	if (unlikely(pmd_trans_huge(pmdval)))
>>>>     		goto nomap;
>>>>   
>>>
>>> Yes, this seems to work.
>>
>> Right, but that's not what we will want here. We'll have to adjust s390x
>> gmap code (which is getting redesigned either way) to only take the page
>> lock.
>>
>> In the end, we'll want here later a single
>>
>> if (!pmd_present(pmdval))
>> 	goto nomap;
>>
> 
> this seems to do the trick:
> 
> diff --git a/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c b/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c
> index 8ff6bba107e8..22c448b32340 100644
> --- a/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c
> +++ b/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c
> @@ -599,8 +599,9 @@ int __gmap_link(struct gmap *gmap, unsigned long
> gaddr, unsigned long vmaddr) | _SEGMENT_ENTRY_GMAP_UC
>                                          | _SEGMENT_ENTRY;
>                          } else
> -                               *table = pmd_val(*pmd) &
> -                                       _SEGMENT_ENTRY_HARDWARE_BITS;
> +                               *table = (pmd_val(*pmd) &
> +                                       _SEGMENT_ENTRY_HARDWARE_BITS)
> +                                       | _SEGMENT_ENTRY;

Probably worth adding a comment. I remember we don't reuse this bit as a 
SW bit in gmap code, right?

>                  }
>          } else if (*table & _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PROTECT &&
>                     !(pmd_val(*pmd) & _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PROTECT)) {
> 
> 
> 
> it marks non-leaf gmap segment (pmd) entries as present, just as normal
> pmds would be.

Yeah, I looked into hand-coding the PTL lookup but it just gets nasty 
real quick.

> 
> I think it's a good enough fix for now, pending the rewrite, which I
> hope to get in the next merge window

Agreed.

-- 
Cheers

David / dhildenb

Re: linux-next: KVM/s390x regression

[Christian Borntraeger]

Am 27.10.25 um 17:47 schrieb Claudio Imbrenda:
> On Mon, 20 Oct 2025 10:41:28 +0200
> David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> wrote:
> 
>> On 20.10.25 09:00, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
>>> Am 17.10.25 um 23:56 schrieb Balbir Singh:
>>>    
>>>> In the meanwhile, does this fix/workaround work?
>>>>
>>>> diff --git a/mm/pgtable-generic.c b/mm/pgtable-generic.c
>>>> index 0c847cdf4fd3..31c1754d5bd4 100644
>>>> --- a/mm/pgtable-generic.c
>>>> +++ b/mm/pgtable-generic.c
>>>> @@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ pte_t *___pte_offset_map(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr, pmd_t *pmdvalp)
>>>>     
>>>>     	if (pmdvalp)
>>>>     		*pmdvalp = pmdval;
>>>> -	if (unlikely(pmd_none(pmdval) || !pmd_present(pmdval)))
>>>> +	if (unlikely(pmd_none(pmdval) || is_pmd_non_present_folio_entry(pmdval)))
>>>>     		goto nomap;
>>>>     	if (unlikely(pmd_trans_huge(pmdval)))
>>>>     		goto nomap;
>>>>   
>>>
>>> Yes, this seems to work.
>>
>> Right, but that's not what we will want here. We'll have to adjust s390x
>> gmap code (which is getting redesigned either way) to only take the page
>> lock.
>>
>> In the end, we'll want here later a single
>>
>> if (!pmd_present(pmdval))
>> 	goto nomap;
>>
> 
> this seems to do the trick:
> 
> diff --git a/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c b/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c
> index 8ff6bba107e8..22c448b32340 100644
> --- a/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c
> +++ b/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c
> @@ -599,8 +599,9 @@ int __gmap_link(struct gmap *gmap, unsigned long
> gaddr, unsigned long vmaddr) | _SEGMENT_ENTRY_GMAP_UC
>                                          | _SEGMENT_ENTRY;
>                          } else
> -                               *table = pmd_val(*pmd) &
> -                                       _SEGMENT_ENTRY_HARDWARE_BITS;
> +                               *table = (pmd_val(*pmd) &
> +                                       _SEGMENT_ENTRY_HARDWARE_BITS)
> +                                       | _SEGMENT_ENTRY;
>                  }
>          } else if (*table & _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PROTECT &&
>                     !(pmd_val(*pmd) & _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PROTECT)) {
> 
> 

Tested-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com>

can you send a proper patch? I guess we should add it to Andrews mm true to keep it close to the patch that uncovered the issue.
s390 maintainers cced.

Re: linux-next: KVM/s390x regression

[Balbir Singh]

On 10/28/25 04:06, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
> Am 27.10.25 um 17:47 schrieb Claudio Imbrenda:
>> On Mon, 20 Oct 2025 10:41:28 +0200
>> David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> wrote:
>>
>>> On 20.10.25 09:00, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
>>>> Am 17.10.25 um 23:56 schrieb Balbir Singh:
>>>>   
>>>>> In the meanwhile, does this fix/workaround work?
>>>>>
>>>>> diff --git a/mm/pgtable-generic.c b/mm/pgtable-generic.c
>>>>> index 0c847cdf4fd3..31c1754d5bd4 100644
>>>>> --- a/mm/pgtable-generic.c
>>>>> +++ b/mm/pgtable-generic.c
>>>>> @@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ pte_t *___pte_offset_map(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr, pmd_t *pmdvalp)
>>>>>             if (pmdvalp)
>>>>>             *pmdvalp = pmdval;
>>>>> -    if (unlikely(pmd_none(pmdval) || !pmd_present(pmdval)))
>>>>> +    if (unlikely(pmd_none(pmdval) || is_pmd_non_present_folio_entry(pmdval)))
>>>>>             goto nomap;
>>>>>         if (unlikely(pmd_trans_huge(pmdval)))
>>>>>             goto nomap;
>>>>>   
>>>>
>>>> Yes, this seems to work.
>>>
>>> Right, but that's not what we will want here. We'll have to adjust s390x
>>> gmap code (which is getting redesigned either way) to only take the page
>>> lock.
>>>
>>> In the end, we'll want here later a single
>>>
>>> if (!pmd_present(pmdval))
>>>     goto nomap;
>>>
>>
>> this seems to do the trick:
>>
>> diff --git a/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c b/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c
>> index 8ff6bba107e8..22c448b32340 100644
>> --- a/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c
>> +++ b/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c
>> @@ -599,8 +599,9 @@ int __gmap_link(struct gmap *gmap, unsigned long
>> gaddr, unsigned long vmaddr) | _SEGMENT_ENTRY_GMAP_UC
>>                                          | _SEGMENT_ENTRY;
>>                          } else
>> -                               *table = pmd_val(*pmd) &
>> -                                       _SEGMENT_ENTRY_HARDWARE_BITS;
>> +                               *table = (pmd_val(*pmd) &
>> +                                       _SEGMENT_ENTRY_HARDWARE_BITS)
>> +                                       | _SEGMENT_ENTRY;
>>                  }
>>          } else if (*table & _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PROTECT &&
>>                     !(pmd_val(*pmd) & _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PROTECT)) {
>>
>>
> 
> Tested-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com>
> Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com>
> 
> can you send a proper patch? I guess we should add it to Andrews mm true to keep it close to the patch that uncovered the issue.
> s390 maintainers cced.


Thanks for finding the fix. Ideally, we want this fix just before my series if possible!

Balbir

[PATCH v1 0/1] KVM: s390: Fix missing present bit for gmap puds

[Claudio Imbrenda]

This patch solves the issue uncovered by patch caf527048be8
("mm/huge_memory: add device-private THP support to PMD operations"),
which is at the moment in -next.

@Andrew: do you think it's possible to squeeze this patch in -next
_before_ the patches that introduce the issue? This will guarantee that
the patch is merged first, and will not break bisections once merged.


Claudio Imbrenda (1):
  KVM: s390: Fix missing present bit for gmap puds

 arch/s390/mm/gmap.c | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

-- 
2.51.0

[PATCH v1 1/1] KVM: s390: Fix missing present bit for gmap puds

[Claudio Imbrenda]

For hugetlbs, gmap puds have the present bit set. For normal puds
(which point to ptes), the bit is not set. This is in contrast to the
normal userspace puds, which always have the bit set for present pmds.

This causes issues when ___pte_offset_map() is modified to only check
for the present bit.

The solution to the problem is simply to always set the present bit for
present gmap pmds.

Signed-off-by: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20251017144924.10034-1-borntraeger@linux.ibm.com/
Tested-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com>
---
 arch/s390/mm/gmap.c | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c b/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c
index 8ff6bba107e8..22c448b32340 100644
--- a/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c
+++ b/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c
@@ -599,8 +599,9 @@ int __gmap_link(struct gmap *gmap, unsigned long gaddr, unsigned long vmaddr)
 					| _SEGMENT_ENTRY_GMAP_UC
 					| _SEGMENT_ENTRY;
 			} else
-				*table = pmd_val(*pmd) &
-					_SEGMENT_ENTRY_HARDWARE_BITS;
+				*table = (pmd_val(*pmd) &
+					_SEGMENT_ENTRY_HARDWARE_BITS)
+					| _SEGMENT_ENTRY;
 		}
 	} else if (*table & _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PROTECT &&
 		   !(pmd_val(*pmd) & _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PROTECT)) {
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH v1 1/1] KVM: s390: Fix missing present bit for gmap puds

[Balbir Singh]

On 10/29/25 00:01, Claudio Imbrenda wrote:
> For hugetlbs, gmap puds have the present bit set. For normal puds
> (which point to ptes), the bit is not set. This is in contrast to the
> normal userspace puds, which always have the bit set for present pmds.
> 
> This causes issues when ___pte_offset_map() is modified to only check
> for the present bit.
> 
> The solution to the problem is simply to always set the present bit for
> present gmap pmds.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com>
> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20251017144924.10034-1-borntraeger@linux.ibm.com/
> Tested-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com>
> Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com>
> ---
>  arch/s390/mm/gmap.c | 5 +++--
>  1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c b/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c
> index 8ff6bba107e8..22c448b32340 100644
> --- a/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c
> +++ b/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c
> @@ -599,8 +599,9 @@ int __gmap_link(struct gmap *gmap, unsigned long gaddr, unsigned long vmaddr)
>  					| _SEGMENT_ENTRY_GMAP_UC
>  					| _SEGMENT_ENTRY;
>  			} else
> -				*table = pmd_val(*pmd) &
> -					_SEGMENT_ENTRY_HARDWARE_BITS;
> +				*table = (pmd_val(*pmd) &
> +					_SEGMENT_ENTRY_HARDWARE_BITS)
> +					| _SEGMENT_ENTRY;
>  		}
>  	} else if (*table & _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PROTECT &&
>  		   !(pmd_val(*pmd) & _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PROTECT)) {

Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbirs@nvidia.com>

Re: [PATCH v1 0/1] KVM: s390: Fix missing present bit for gmap puds

[Andrew Morton]

On Tue, 28 Oct 2025 14:01:49 +0100 Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com> wrote:

> @Andrew: do you think it's possible to squeeze this patch in -next
> _before_ the patches that introduce the issue? This will guarantee that
> the patch is merged first, and will not break bisections once merged.

no problem, thanks.

Re: [PATCH v1 1/1] KVM: s390: Fix missing present bit for gmap puds

[David Hildenbrand]

On 28.10.25 14:01, Claudio Imbrenda wrote:
> For hugetlbs, gmap puds have the present bit set. For normal puds
> (which point to ptes), the bit is not set. This is in contrast to the
> normal userspace puds, which always have the bit set for present pmds.
> 
> This causes issues when ___pte_offset_map() is modified to only check
> for the present bit.
> 
> The solution to the problem is simply to always set the present bit for
> present gmap pmds.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com>
> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20251017144924.10034-1-borntraeger@linux.ibm.com/
> Tested-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com>
> Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com>
> ---
>   arch/s390/mm/gmap.c | 5 +++--
>   1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c b/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c
> index 8ff6bba107e8..22c448b32340 100644
> --- a/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c
> +++ b/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c
> @@ -599,8 +599,9 @@ int __gmap_link(struct gmap *gmap, unsigned long gaddr, unsigned long vmaddr)
>   					| _SEGMENT_ENTRY_GMAP_UC
>   					| _SEGMENT_ENTRY;
>   			} else
> -				*table = pmd_val(*pmd) &
> -					_SEGMENT_ENTRY_HARDWARE_BITS;

I'd add a comment here like

/* Make sure that pmd_present() will work on these entries. */

> +				*table = (pmd_val(*pmd) &
> +					_SEGMENT_ENTRY_HARDWARE_BITS)
> +					| _SEGMENT_ENTRY;
>   		}
>   	} else if (*table & _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PROTECT &&
>   		   !(pmd_val(*pmd) & _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PROTECT)) {

Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>

-- 
Cheers

David / dhildenb

Re: [PATCH v1 1/1] KVM: s390: Fix missing present bit for gmap puds

[Claudio Imbrenda]

On Wed, 29 Oct 2025 11:00:14 +0100
David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> wrote:

> On 28.10.25 14:01, Claudio Imbrenda wrote:
> > For hugetlbs, gmap puds have the present bit set. For normal puds
> > (which point to ptes), the bit is not set. This is in contrast to the
> > normal userspace puds, which always have the bit set for present pmds.
> > 
> > This causes issues when ___pte_offset_map() is modified to only check
> > for the present bit.
> > 
> > The solution to the problem is simply to always set the present bit for
> > present gmap pmds.
> > 
> > Signed-off-by: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com>
> > Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20251017144924.10034-1-borntraeger@linux.ibm.com/
> > Tested-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com>
> > Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com>
> > ---
> >   arch/s390/mm/gmap.c | 5 +++--
> >   1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
> > 
> > diff --git a/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c b/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c
> > index 8ff6bba107e8..22c448b32340 100644
> > --- a/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c
> > +++ b/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c
> > @@ -599,8 +599,9 @@ int __gmap_link(struct gmap *gmap, unsigned long gaddr, unsigned long vmaddr)
> >   					| _SEGMENT_ENTRY_GMAP_UC
> >   					| _SEGMENT_ENTRY;
> >   			} else
> > -				*table = pmd_val(*pmd) &
> > -					_SEGMENT_ENTRY_HARDWARE_BITS;  
> 
> I'd add a comment here like
> 
> /* Make sure that pmd_present() will work on these entries. */

the whole file is going away very soon anyway

> 
> > +				*table = (pmd_val(*pmd) &
> > +					_SEGMENT_ENTRY_HARDWARE_BITS)
> > +					| _SEGMENT_ENTRY;
> >   		}
> >   	} else if (*table & _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PROTECT &&
> >   		   !(pmd_val(*pmd) & _SEGMENT_ENTRY_PROTECT)) {  
> 
> Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
>