From: "Gregory Price (Meta)" <gourry@gourry.net>
To: linux-mm@kvack.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-trace-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
linux-rt-devel@lists.linux.dev, kernel-team@meta.com,
akpm@linux-foundation.org, mhocko@suse.com, rientjes@google.com,
shakeel.butt@linux.dev, rostedt@goodmis.org, mhiramat@kernel.org,
mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com, muchun.song@linux.dev,
osalvador@suse.de, david@kernel.org, ljs@kernel.org,
liam@infradead.org, vbabka@kernel.org, rppt@kernel.org,
surenb@google.com, brendan.jackman@linux.dev, hannes@cmpxchg.org,
ziy@nvidia.com, bigeasy@linutronix.de, clrkwllms@kernel.org,
mgorman@techsingularity.net, anshuman.khandual@arm.com,
Bessel.Wang@huawei.com, jiang.liu@huawei.com,
stable@vger.kernel.org
Subject: [PATCH v3 2/8] mm/page_alloc: snapshot the preferred zone against shrink rebuilds
Date: Tue, 20 Oct 2026 22:39:34 -0400 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <20261021023940.1940971-3-gourry@gourry.net> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20261021023940.1940971-1-gourry@gourry.net>
get_page_from_freelist() and alloc_pages_bulk_noprof() reread
ac->preferred_zoneref->zone at every use. Offlining a zone's last block
rebuilds the zonelists in place, and the shrunk list's NULL terminator
can land on the preferred slot mid-walk:
CPU 0 CPU 1
get_page_from_freelist(GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_THISNODE)
zone = NORMAL (slot 1)
offline_pages()
build_all_zonelists()
[MOVABLE, NORMAL, NULL]
-> [NORMAL, NULL]
rmqueue(zonelist_zone(slot 1), zone)
zone_statistics(NULL, zone)
BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000060
RIP: 0010:get_page_from_freelist+0x6a5/0x15f0
Call Trace:
__alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x125/0x330
Read the slot once. Zones are never freed, so a stale zone is safe, and
a NULL slot fails the same way as walking off the end.
Fixes: 11cd8638c37f ("mm, page_alloc: remove stop_machine from build_all_zonelists")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Gregory Price (Meta) <gourry@gourry.net>
---
mm/page_alloc.c | 31 +++++++++++++++++++++++--------
1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index c7125f6693574..4cf2982c5b107 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -3794,12 +3794,21 @@ get_page_from_freelist(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order, int alloc_flags,
{
struct zoneref *z;
struct zone *zone;
+ struct zone *preferred_zone;
struct pglist_data *last_pgdat = NULL;
bool last_pgdat_dirty_ok = false;
bool no_fallback;
bool skip_kswapd_nodes = nr_online_nodes > 1;
bool skipped_kswapd_nodes = false;
+ /*
+ * A concurrent zonelist rebuild can NULL or replace this slot. Zones
+ * are never freed, so reading it once keeps a usable zone.
+ */
+ preferred_zone = READ_ONCE(ac->preferred_zoneref->zone);
+ if (!preferred_zone)
+ return NULL;
+
retry:
/*
* Scan zonelist, looking for a zone with enough free.
@@ -3846,7 +3855,7 @@ get_page_from_freelist(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order, int alloc_flags,
}
if (no_fallback && !defrag_mode && nr_online_nodes > 1 &&
- zone != zonelist_zone(ac->preferred_zoneref)) {
+ zone != preferred_zone) {
int local_nid;
/*
@@ -3854,7 +3863,7 @@ get_page_from_freelist(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order, int alloc_flags,
* fragmenting fallbacks. Locality is more important
* than fragmentation avoidance.
*/
- local_nid = zonelist_node_idx(ac->preferred_zoneref);
+ local_nid = zone_to_nid(preferred_zone);
if (zone_to_nid(zone) != local_nid) {
alloc_flags &= ~ALLOC_NOFRAGMENT;
goto retry;
@@ -3916,7 +3925,7 @@ get_page_from_freelist(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order, int alloc_flags,
goto try_this_zone;
if (!node_reclaim_enabled() ||
- !zone_allows_reclaim(zonelist_zone(ac->preferred_zoneref), zone))
+ !zone_allows_reclaim(preferred_zone, zone))
continue;
if (!node_reclaim(zone->zone_pgdat, gfp_mask, order))
@@ -3929,7 +3938,7 @@ get_page_from_freelist(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order, int alloc_flags,
}
try_this_zone:
- page = rmqueue(zonelist_zone(ac->preferred_zoneref), zone, order,
+ page = rmqueue(preferred_zone, zone, order,
gfp_mask, alloc_flags, ac->migratetype);
if (page) {
prep_new_page(page, order, gfp_mask, alloc_flags);
@@ -5183,6 +5192,7 @@ unsigned long alloc_pages_bulk_noprof(gfp_t gfp, int preferred_nid,
{
struct page *page;
struct zone *zone;
+ struct zone *preferred_zone;
struct zoneref *z;
struct per_cpu_pages *pcp;
struct list_head *pcp_list;
@@ -5231,6 +5241,11 @@ unsigned long alloc_pages_bulk_noprof(gfp_t gfp, int preferred_nid,
if (!prepare_alloc_pages(gfp, 0, preferred_nid, nodemask, &ac, &gfp, &alloc_flags))
goto out;
+ /* Read once; see get_page_from_freelist(). */
+ preferred_zone = READ_ONCE(ac.preferred_zoneref->zone);
+ if (!preferred_zone)
+ goto failed;
+
/* Find an allowed local zone that meets the low watermark. */
z = ac.preferred_zoneref;
for_next_zone_zonelist_nodemask(zone, z, ac.highest_zoneidx, ac.nodemask) {
@@ -5241,8 +5256,8 @@ unsigned long alloc_pages_bulk_noprof(gfp_t gfp, int preferred_nid,
continue;
}
- if (nr_online_nodes > 1 && zone != zonelist_zone(ac.preferred_zoneref) &&
- zone_to_nid(zone) != zonelist_node_idx(ac.preferred_zoneref)) {
+ if (nr_online_nodes > 1 && zone != preferred_zone &&
+ zone_to_nid(zone) != zone_to_nid(preferred_zone)) {
goto failed;
}
@@ -5250,7 +5265,7 @@ unsigned long alloc_pages_bulk_noprof(gfp_t gfp, int preferred_nid,
retry_this_zone:
mark = wmark_pages(zone, alloc_flags & ALLOC_WMARK_MASK) + nr_pages - nr_populated;
if (zone_watermark_fast(zone, 0, mark,
- zonelist_zone_idx(ac.preferred_zoneref),
+ zone_idx(preferred_zone),
alloc_flags, gfp)) {
break;
}
@@ -5309,7 +5324,7 @@ unsigned long alloc_pages_bulk_noprof(gfp_t gfp, int preferred_nid,
pcp_spin_unlock(pcp);
__count_zid_vm_events(PGALLOC, zone_idx(zone), nr_account);
- zone_statistics(zonelist_zone(ac.preferred_zoneref), zone, nr_account);
+ zone_statistics(preferred_zone, zone, nr_account);
out:
return nr_populated;
--
2.53.0-Meta
next prev parent reply other threads:[~2026-10-21 2:39 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 10+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2026-10-21 2:39 [PATCH v3 0/8] mm: fix allocator races with memory hotplug Gregory Price (Meta)
2026-10-21 2:39 ` [PATCH v3 1/8] mm/page_alloc: detect zonelist rebuilds from memory hot-add Gregory Price (Meta)
2026-10-21 2:39 ` Gregory Price (Meta) [this message]
2026-10-21 2:39 ` [PATCH v3 3/8] mm/mmzone: read each zoneref slot once when filtering by nodemask Gregory Price (Meta)
2026-10-21 2:39 ` [PATCH v3 4/8] mm/page_alloc: pass the zone, not the zoneref, to reclaim_retry_zone Gregory Price (Meta)
2026-10-21 2:39 ` [PATCH v3 5/8] mm/page_alloc: retry allocations that raced with a zonelist rebuild Gregory Price (Meta)
2026-10-21 2:39 ` [PATCH v3 6/8] mm/hugetlb: retry the pool walk when the zonelist is rebuilt Gregory Price (Meta)
2026-10-21 2:39 ` [PATCH v3 7/8] mm/page_alloc: retry alloc_contig_pages() " Gregory Price (Meta)
2026-10-21 2:39 ` [PATCH v3 8/8] mm/page_alloc: keep a zone's pagesets when it goes empty Gregory Price (Meta)
2026-10-21 8:24 ` [PATCH v3 0/8] mm: fix allocator races with memory hotplug David Hildenbrand (Arm)
Reply instructions:
You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:
* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
and reply-to-all from there: mbox
Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style
* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
switches of git-send-email(1):
git send-email \
--in-reply-to=20261021023940.1940971-3-gourry@gourry.net \
--to=gourry@gourry.net \
--cc=Bessel.Wang@huawei.com \
--cc=akpm@linux-foundation.org \
--cc=anshuman.khandual@arm.com \
--cc=bigeasy@linutronix.de \
--cc=brendan.jackman@linux.dev \
--cc=clrkwllms@kernel.org \
--cc=david@kernel.org \
--cc=hannes@cmpxchg.org \
--cc=jiang.liu@huawei.com \
--cc=kernel-team@meta.com \
--cc=liam@infradead.org \
--cc=linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=linux-mm@kvack.org \
--cc=linux-rt-devel@lists.linux.dev \
--cc=linux-trace-kernel@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=ljs@kernel.org \
--cc=mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com \
--cc=mgorman@techsingularity.net \
--cc=mhiramat@kernel.org \
--cc=mhocko@suse.com \
--cc=muchun.song@linux.dev \
--cc=osalvador@suse.de \
--cc=rientjes@google.com \
--cc=rostedt@goodmis.org \
--cc=rppt@kernel.org \
--cc=shakeel.butt@linux.dev \
--cc=stable@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=surenb@google.com \
--cc=vbabka@kernel.org \
--cc=ziy@nvidia.com \
/path/to/YOUR_REPLY
https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html
* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line
before the message body.
This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox