[patch V5 00/11] LICENSES: Add documentation and initial License files

[patch V5 00/11] LICENSES: Add documentation and initial License files

[Thomas Gleixner]

This is the 5th version of the licensing rules documentation.

Changes since v4:

 - Made use of boilerplate consistently

 - Fixed the 'braces' inconsistency spotted by Heiko
 
 - Picked up Reviewed-by tags

Delta patch vs. V4 below.

Thanks to everyone who provided input!

Thanks,

        tglx

8<---------------
--- a/Documentation/process/license-rules.rst
+++ b/Documentation/process/license-rules.rst
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ into any source files which create an ex
 kernel, the exception must be documented by a special license expression.
 
 The common way of expressing the license of a source file is to add the
-matching boiler plate text into the top comment of the file.  Due to
-formatting, typos etc. these "boiler plates" are hard to validate for
+matching boilerplate text into the top comment of the file.  Due to
+formatting, typos etc. these "boilerplates" are hard to validate for
 tools which are used in the context of license compliance.
 
 An alternative to boilerplate text is the use of Software Package Data
@@ -89,9 +89,11 @@ License identifier syntax
 3. Syntax:
 
    A <SPDX License Expression> is either an SPDX short form license
-   identifier found on the SPDX License List, or when multiple licenses
-   apply, an expression consisting of keywords "AND", "OR", and "WITH"
-   separating SPDX short form license identifiers surrounded by "(", ")".
+   identifier found on the SPDX License List, or the combination of two
+   SPDX short form license identifiers separated by "WITH" when a license
+   exception applies. When multiple licenses apply, an expression consists
+   of keywords "AND", "OR" separating sub-expressions and surrounded by
+   "(", ")" .
 
    License identifiers for licenses like [L]GPL with the 'or later' option
    are constructed by using a "+" for indicating the 'or later' option.::
@@ -102,13 +104,13 @@ License identifier syntax
    WITH should be used when there is a modifier to a license needed.
    For example, the linux kernel UAPI files use the expression::
 
-      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note)
-      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note)
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note
 
    Other examples using WITH exceptions found in the kernel are::
 
-      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 WITH mif-exception)
-      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0+ WITH GCC-exception-2.0)
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH mif-exception
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH GCC-exception-2.0
 
    Exceptions can only be used with particular License identifiers. The
    valid License identifiers are listed in the tags of the exception text
@@ -119,28 +121,28 @@ License identifier syntax
    to be selected.  For example, some dtsi files are available under dual
    licenses::
 
-      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 OR BSD-3-Clause)
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR BSD-3-Clause
 
    Examples from the kernel for license expressions in dual licensed files::
 
-      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 OR MIT)
-      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 OR BSD-2-Clause)
-      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 OR Apache-2.0)
-      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 OR MPL-1.1)
-      // SPDX-License-Identifier: ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)
-      // SPDX-License-Identifier: ((GPL-1.0+ OR BSD-3-Clause) OR OpenSSL)
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR MIT
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR BSD-2-Clause
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR Apache-2.0
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR MPL-1.1
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-1.0+ OR BSD-3-Clause OR OpenSSL
 
    AND should be used if the file has multiple licenses whose terms all
    apply to use the file. For example, if code is inherited from another
    project and permission has been given to put it in the kernel, but the
    original license terms need to remain in effect::
 
-      // SPDX-License-Identifier: ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT
 
    Another other example where both sets of license terms need to be
    adhered to is::
 
-      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-1.0+ AND LGPL-2.1+)
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-1.0+ AND LGPL-2.1+
 
 License identifiers
 -------------------

[patch V5 01/11] Documentation: Add license-rules.rst to describe how to properly identify file licenses

[Thomas Gleixner]

[-- Attachment #1: Documentation_Add_license-rules.rst_to_describe_how_to_properly_identify_file_licenses.patch --]
[-- Type: text/plain, Size: 15941 bytes --]

Add a file to the Documentation directory to describe how file licenses
should be described in all kernel files, using the SPDX identifier, as well
as where all licenses should be in the kernel source tree for people to
refer to (LICENSES/).

Thanks to Kate and Greg for review and editing and Jonas for the
suggestions concerning the meta tags in the licenses files.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Jonas Oberg <jonas@fsfe.org>
Reviewed-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

---
 Documentation/index.rst                 |   12 +
 Documentation/process/license-rules.rst |  370 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 382 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Documentation/license-rules.rst

--- a/Documentation/index.rst
+++ b/Documentation/index.rst
@@ -13,6 +13,18 @@ documents into a coherent whole.  Please
 documentation are welcome; join the linux-doc list at vger.kernel.org if
 you want to help out.
 
+Licensing documentation
+-----------------------
+
+The following describes the license of the Linux kernel source code
+(GPLv2), how to properly mark the license of individual files in the source
+tree, as well as links to the full license text.
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   process/license-rules.rst
+
 User-oriented documentation
 ---------------------------
 
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/process/license-rules.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+Linux kernel licensing rules
+============================
+
+The Linux Kernel is provided under the terms of the GNU General Public
+License version 2 only (GPL-2.0), as published by the Free Software
+Foundation, and provided in the COPYING file.  This documentation file is
+not meant to replace the COPYING file, but provides a description of how
+each source file should be annotated to make the licensing it is governed
+under clear and unambiguous.
+
+The license in the COPYING file applies to the kernel source as a whole,
+though individual source files can have a different license which is
+required to be compatible with the GPL-2.0::
+
+    GPL-1.0+  :  GNU General Public License v1.0 or later
+    GPL-2.0+  :  GNU General Public License v2.0 or later
+    LGPL-2.0  :  GNU Library General Public License v2 only
+    LGPL-2.0+ :  GNU Library General Public License v2 or later
+    LGPL-2.1  :  GNU Lesser General Public License v2.1 only
+    LGPL-2.1+ :  GNU Lesser General Public License v2.1 or later
+
+Aside from that, individual files can be provided under a dual license,
+e.g. one of the compatible GPL variants and alternatively under a
+permissive license like BSD, MIT etc.
+
+The User-space API (UAPI) header files, which describe the interface of
+user-space programs to the kernel are a special case.  According to the
+note in the kernel COPYING file, the syscall interface is a clear boundary,
+which does not extend the GPL requirements to any software which uses it to
+communicate with the kernel.  Because the UAPI headers must be includable
+into any source files which create an executable running on the Linux
+kernel, the exception must be documented by a special license expression.
+
+The common way of expressing the license of a source file is to add the
+matching boilerplate text into the top comment of the file.  Due to
+formatting, typos etc. these "boilerplates" are hard to validate for
+tools which are used in the context of license compliance.
+
+An alternative to boilerplate text is the use of Software Package Data
+Exchange (SPDX) license identifiers in each source file.  SPDX license
+identifiers are machine parsable and precise shorthands for the license
+under which the content of the file is contributed.  SPDX license
+identifiers are managed by the SPDX Workgroup at the Linux Foundation and
+have been agreed on by partners throughout the industry, tool vendors, and
+legal teams.  For further information see https://spdx.org/
+
+The Linux kernel requires the precise SPDX identifier in all source files.
+The valid identifiers used in the kernel are explained in the section
+`License identifiers`_ and have been retrieved from the official SPDX
+license list at https://spdx.org/licenses/ along with the license texts.
+
+License identifier syntax
+-------------------------
+
+1. Placement:
+
+   The SPDX license identifier in kernel files shall be added at the first
+   possible line in a file which can contain a comment.  For the majority
+   or files this is the first line, except for scripts which require the
+   '#!PATH_TO_INTERPRETER' in the first line.  For those scripts the SPDX
+   identifier goes into the second line.
+
+|
+
+2. Style:
+
+   The SPDX license identifier is added in form of a comment.  The comment
+   style depends on the file type::
+
+      C source:	// SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX License Expression>
+      C header:	/* SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX License Expression> */
+      ASM:	/* SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX License Expression> */
+      scripts:	# SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX License Expression>
+      .rst:	.. SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX License Expression>
+      .dts{i}:	// SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX License Expression>
+
+   If a specific tool cannot handle the standard comment style, then the
+   appropriate comment mechanism which the tool accepts shall be used. This
+   is the reason for having the "/\* \*/" style comment in C header
+   files. There was build breakage observed with generated .lds files where
+   'ld' failed to parse the C++ comment. This has been fixed by now, but
+   there are still older assembler tools which cannot handle C++ style
+   comments.
+
+|
+
+3. Syntax:
+
+   A <SPDX License Expression> is either an SPDX short form license
+   identifier found on the SPDX License List, or the combination of two
+   SPDX short form license identifiers separated by "WITH" when a license
+   exception applies. When multiple licenses apply, an expression consists
+   of keywords "AND", "OR" separating sub-expressions and surrounded by
+   "(", ")" .
+
+   License identifiers for licenses like [L]GPL with the 'or later' option
+   are constructed by using a "+" for indicating the 'or later' option.::
+
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+
+
+   WITH should be used when there is a modifier to a license needed.
+   For example, the linux kernel UAPI files use the expression::
+
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note
+
+   Other examples using WITH exceptions found in the kernel are::
+
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH mif-exception
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH GCC-exception-2.0
+
+   Exceptions can only be used with particular License identifiers. The
+   valid License identifiers are listed in the tags of the exception text
+   file. For details see the point `Exceptions`_ in the chapter `License
+   identifiers`_.
+
+   OR should be used if the file is dual licensed and only one license is
+   to be selected.  For example, some dtsi files are available under dual
+   licenses::
+
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR BSD-3-Clause
+
+   Examples from the kernel for license expressions in dual licensed files::
+
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR MIT
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR BSD-2-Clause)
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR Apache-2.0)
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR MPL-1.1)
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-1.0+ OR BSD-3-Clause OR OpenSSL)
+
+   AND should be used if the file has multiple licenses whose terms all
+   apply to use the file. For example, if code is inherited from another
+   project and permission has been given to put it in the kernel, but the
+   original license terms need to remain in effect::
+
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT
+
+   Another other example where both sets of license terms need to be
+   adhered to is::
+
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-1.0+ AND LGPL-2.1+
+
+License identifiers
+-------------------
+
+The licenses currently used, as well as the licenses for code added to the
+kernel, can be broken down into:
+
+1. _`Preferred licenses`:
+
+   Whenever possible these licenses should be used as they are known to be
+   fully compatible and widely used.  These licenses are available from the
+   directory::
+
+      LICENSES/preferred/
+
+   in the kernel source tree.
+
+   The files in this directory contain the full license text and
+   `Metatags`_.  The file names are identical to the SPDX license
+   identifier which shall be used for the license in source files.
+
+   Examples::
+
+      LICENSES/preferred/GPL-2.0
+
+   Contains the GPL version 2 license text and the required metatags::
+
+      LICENSES/preferred/MIT
+
+   Contains the MIT license text and the required metatags
+
+   _`Metatags`:
+
+   The following meta tags must be available in a license file:
+
+   - Valid-License-Identifier:
+
+     One or more lines which declare which License Identifiers are valid
+     inside the project to reference this particular license text.  Usually
+     this is a single valid identifier, but e.g. for licenses with the 'or
+     later' options two identifiers are valid.
+
+   - SPDX-URL:
+
+     The URL of the SPDX page which contains additional information related
+     to the license.
+
+   - Usage-Guidance:
+
+     Freeform text for usage advice. The text must include correct examples
+     for the SPDX license identifiers as they should be put into source
+     files according to the `License identifier syntax`_ guidelines.
+
+   - License-Text:
+
+     All text after this tag is treated as the original license text
+
+   File format examples::
+
+      Valid-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+      Valid-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+      SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/GPL-2.0.html
+      Usage-Guide:
+        To use this license in source code, put one of the following SPDX
+	tag/value pairs into a comment according to the placement
+	guidelines in the licensing rules documentation.
+	For 'GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 only' use:
+	  SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+	For 'GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 or any later version' use:
+	  SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+      License-Text:
+        Full license text
+
+   ::
+
+      SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+      SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/MIT.html
+      Usage-Guide:
+	To use this license in source code, put the following SPDX
+	tag/value pair into a comment according to the placement
+	guidelines in the licensing rules documentation.
+	  SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+      License-Text:
+        Full license text
+
+|
+
+2. Not recommended licenses:
+
+   These licenses should only be used for existing code or for importing
+   code from a different project.  These licenses are available from the
+   directory::
+
+      LICENSES/other/
+
+   in the kernel source tree.
+
+   The files in this directory contain the full license text and
+   `Metatags`_.  The file names are identical to the SPDX license
+   identifier which shall be used for the license in source files.
+
+   Examples::
+
+      LICENSES/other/ISC
+
+   Contains the Internet Systems Consortium license text and the required
+   metatags::
+
+      LICENSES/other/ZLib
+
+   Contains the ZLIB license text and the required metatags.
+
+   Metatags:
+
+   The metatag requirements for 'other' licenses are identical to the
+   requirements of the `Preferred licenses`_.
+
+   File format example::
+
+      Valid-License-Identifier: ISC
+      SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/ISC.html
+      Usage-Guide:
+        Usage of this license in the kernel for new code is discouraged
+	and it should solely be used for importing code from an already
+	existing project.
+        To use this license in source code, put the following SPDX
+	tag/value pair into a comment according to the placement
+	guidelines in the licensing rules documentation.
+	  SPDX-License-Identifier: ISC
+      License-Text:
+        Full license text
+
+|
+
+3. _`Exceptions`:
+
+   Some licenses can be amended with exceptions which grant certain rights
+   which the original license does not.  These exceptions are available
+   from the directory::
+
+      LICENSES/exceptions/
+
+   in the kernel source tree.  The files in this directory contain the full
+   exception text and the required `Exception Metatags`_.
+
+   Examples::
+
+      LICENSES/exceptions/Linux-syscall-note
+
+   Contains the Linux syscall exception as documented in the COPYING
+   file of the Linux kernel, which is used for UAPI header files.
+   e.g. /\* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note \*/::
+
+      LICENSES/exceptions/GCC-exception-2.0
+
+   Contains the GCC 'linking exception' which allows to link any binary
+   independent of its license against the compiled version of a file marked
+   with this exception. This is required for creating runnable executables
+   from source code which is not compatible with the GPL.
+
+   _`Exception Metatags`:
+
+   The following meta tags must be available in an exception file:
+
+   - SPDX-Exception-Identifier:
+
+     One exception identifier which can be used with SPDX license
+     identifiers.
+
+   - SPDX-URL:
+
+     The URL of the SPDX page which contains additional information related
+     to the exception.
+
+   - SPDX-Licenses:
+
+     A comma separated list of SPDX license identifiers for which the
+     exception can be used.
+
+   - Usage-Guidance:
+
+     Freeform text for usage advice. The text must be followed by correct
+     examples for the SPDX license identifiers as they should be put into
+     source files according to the `License identifier syntax`_ guidelines.
+
+   - Exception-Text:
+
+     All text after this tag is treated as the original exception text
+
+   File format examples::
+
+      SPDX-Exception-Identifier: Linux-syscall-note
+      SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/Linux-syscall-note.html
+      SPDX-Licenses: GPL-2.0, GPL-2.0+, GPL-1.0+, LGPL-2.0, LGPL-2.0+, LGPL-2.1, LGPL-2.1+
+      Usage-Guidance:
+        This exception is used together with one of the above SPDX-Licenses
+	to mark user-space API (uapi) header files so they can be included
+	into non GPL compliant user-space application code.
+        To use this exception add it with the keyword WITH to one of the
+	identifiers in the SPDX-Licenses tag:
+	  SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX-License> WITH Linux-syscall-note
+      Exception-Text:
+        Full exception text
+
+   ::
+
+      SPDX-Exception-Identifier: GCC-exception-2.0
+      SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/GCC-exception-2.0.html
+      SPDX-Licenses: GPL-2.0, GPL-2.0+
+      Usage-Guidance:
+        The "GCC Runtime Library exception 2.0" is used together with one
+	of the above SPDX-Licenses for code imported from the GCC runtime
+	library.
+        To use this exception add it with the keyword WITH to one of the
+	identifiers in the SPDX-Licenses tag:
+	  SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX-License> WITH GCC-exception-2.0
+      Exception-Text:
+        Full exception text
+
+
+All SPDX license identifiers and exceptions must have a corresponding file
+in the LICENSE subdirectories. This is required to allow tool
+verification (e.g. checkpatch.pl) and to have the licenses ready to read
+and extract right from the source, which is recommended by various FOSS
+organizations, e.g. the `FSFE REUSE initiative <https://reuse.software/>`_.

Re: [patch V5 01/11] Documentation: Add license-rules.rst to describe how to properly identify file licenses

[Thomas Gleixner]

On Thu, 28 Dec 2017, Thomas Gleixner wrote:

Sorry for the spam. I somehow missed to refresh the patch before generating
the mbox. Find below the correct version of that one which has ALL braces
removed which we don't need.

Thanks,

	tglx

8<--------------------------
Subject: Documentation: Add license-rules.rst to describe how to properly identify file licenses
From: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Date: Fri, 10 Nov 2017 09:30:00 +0100

Add a file to the Documentation directory to describe how file licenses
should be described in all kernel files, using the SPDX identifier, as well
as where all licenses should be in the kernel source tree for people to
refer to (LICENSES/).

Thanks to Kate and Greg for review and editing and Jonas for the
suggestions concerning the meta tags in the licenses files.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Jonas Oberg <jonas@fsfe.org>
Reviewed-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

---
 Documentation/index.rst                 |   12 +
 Documentation/process/license-rules.rst |  370 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 382 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Documentation/license-rules.rst

--- a/Documentation/index.rst
+++ b/Documentation/index.rst
@@ -13,6 +13,18 @@ documents into a coherent whole.  Please
 documentation are welcome; join the linux-doc list at vger.kernel.org if
 you want to help out.
 
+Licensing documentation
+-----------------------
+
+The following describes the license of the Linux kernel source code
+(GPLv2), how to properly mark the license of individual files in the source
+tree, as well as links to the full license text.
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   process/license-rules.rst
+
 User-oriented documentation
 ---------------------------
 
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/process/license-rules.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+Linux kernel licensing rules
+============================
+
+The Linux Kernel is provided under the terms of the GNU General Public
+License version 2 only (GPL-2.0), as published by the Free Software
+Foundation, and provided in the COPYING file.  This documentation file is
+not meant to replace the COPYING file, but provides a description of how
+each source file should be annotated to make the licensing it is governed
+under clear and unambiguous.
+
+The license in the COPYING file applies to the kernel source as a whole,
+though individual source files can have a different license which is
+required to be compatible with the GPL-2.0::
+
+    GPL-1.0+  :  GNU General Public License v1.0 or later
+    GPL-2.0+  :  GNU General Public License v2.0 or later
+    LGPL-2.0  :  GNU Library General Public License v2 only
+    LGPL-2.0+ :  GNU Library General Public License v2 or later
+    LGPL-2.1  :  GNU Lesser General Public License v2.1 only
+    LGPL-2.1+ :  GNU Lesser General Public License v2.1 or later
+
+Aside from that, individual files can be provided under a dual license,
+e.g. one of the compatible GPL variants and alternatively under a
+permissive license like BSD, MIT etc.
+
+The User-space API (UAPI) header files, which describe the interface of
+user-space programs to the kernel are a special case.  According to the
+note in the kernel COPYING file, the syscall interface is a clear boundary,
+which does not extend the GPL requirements to any software which uses it to
+communicate with the kernel.  Because the UAPI headers must be includable
+into any source files which create an executable running on the Linux
+kernel, the exception must be documented by a special license expression.
+
+The common way of expressing the license of a source file is to add the
+matching boilerplate text into the top comment of the file.  Due to
+formatting, typos etc. these "boilerplates" are hard to validate for
+tools which are used in the context of license compliance.
+
+An alternative to boilerplate text is the use of Software Package Data
+Exchange (SPDX) license identifiers in each source file.  SPDX license
+identifiers are machine parsable and precise shorthands for the license
+under which the content of the file is contributed.  SPDX license
+identifiers are managed by the SPDX Workgroup at the Linux Foundation and
+have been agreed on by partners throughout the industry, tool vendors, and
+legal teams.  For further information see https://spdx.org/
+
+The Linux kernel requires the precise SPDX identifier in all source files.
+The valid identifiers used in the kernel are explained in the section
+`License identifiers`_ and have been retrieved from the official SPDX
+license list at https://spdx.org/licenses/ along with the license texts.
+
+License identifier syntax
+-------------------------
+
+1. Placement:
+
+   The SPDX license identifier in kernel files shall be added at the first
+   possible line in a file which can contain a comment.  For the majority
+   or files this is the first line, except for scripts which require the
+   '#!PATH_TO_INTERPRETER' in the first line.  For those scripts the SPDX
+   identifier goes into the second line.
+
+|
+
+2. Style:
+
+   The SPDX license identifier is added in form of a comment.  The comment
+   style depends on the file type::
+
+      C source:	// SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX License Expression>
+      C header:	/* SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX License Expression> */
+      ASM:	/* SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX License Expression> */
+      scripts:	# SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX License Expression>
+      .rst:	.. SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX License Expression>
+      .dts{i}:	// SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX License Expression>
+
+   If a specific tool cannot handle the standard comment style, then the
+   appropriate comment mechanism which the tool accepts shall be used. This
+   is the reason for having the "/\* \*/" style comment in C header
+   files. There was build breakage observed with generated .lds files where
+   'ld' failed to parse the C++ comment. This has been fixed by now, but
+   there are still older assembler tools which cannot handle C++ style
+   comments.
+
+|
+
+3. Syntax:
+
+   A <SPDX License Expression> is either an SPDX short form license
+   identifier found on the SPDX License List, or the combination of two
+   SPDX short form license identifiers separated by "WITH" when a license
+   exception applies. When multiple licenses apply, an expression consists
+   of keywords "AND", "OR" separating sub-expressions and surrounded by
+   "(", ")" .
+
+   License identifiers for licenses like [L]GPL with the 'or later' option
+   are constructed by using a "+" for indicating the 'or later' option.::
+
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+
+
+   WITH should be used when there is a modifier to a license needed.
+   For example, the linux kernel UAPI files use the expression::
+
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note
+
+   Other examples using WITH exceptions found in the kernel are::
+
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH mif-exception
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH GCC-exception-2.0
+
+   Exceptions can only be used with particular License identifiers. The
+   valid License identifiers are listed in the tags of the exception text
+   file. For details see the point `Exceptions`_ in the chapter `License
+   identifiers`_.
+
+   OR should be used if the file is dual licensed and only one license is
+   to be selected.  For example, some dtsi files are available under dual
+   licenses::
+
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR BSD-3-Clause
+
+   Examples from the kernel for license expressions in dual licensed files::
+
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR MIT
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR BSD-2-Clause
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR Apache-2.0
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR MPL-1.1
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-1.0+ OR BSD-3-Clause OR OpenSSL
+
+   AND should be used if the file has multiple licenses whose terms all
+   apply to use the file. For example, if code is inherited from another
+   project and permission has been given to put it in the kernel, but the
+   original license terms need to remain in effect::
+
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT
+
+   Another other example where both sets of license terms need to be
+   adhered to is::
+
+      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-1.0+ AND LGPL-2.1+
+
+License identifiers
+-------------------
+
+The licenses currently used, as well as the licenses for code added to the
+kernel, can be broken down into:
+
+1. _`Preferred licenses`:
+
+   Whenever possible these licenses should be used as they are known to be
+   fully compatible and widely used.  These licenses are available from the
+   directory::
+
+      LICENSES/preferred/
+
+   in the kernel source tree.
+
+   The files in this directory contain the full license text and
+   `Metatags`_.  The file names are identical to the SPDX license
+   identifier which shall be used for the license in source files.
+
+   Examples::
+
+      LICENSES/preferred/GPL-2.0
+
+   Contains the GPL version 2 license text and the required metatags::
+
+      LICENSES/preferred/MIT
+
+   Contains the MIT license text and the required metatags
+
+   _`Metatags`:
+
+   The following meta tags must be available in a license file:
+
+   - Valid-License-Identifier:
+
+     One or more lines which declare which License Identifiers are valid
+     inside the project to reference this particular license text.  Usually
+     this is a single valid identifier, but e.g. for licenses with the 'or
+     later' options two identifiers are valid.
+
+   - SPDX-URL:
+
+     The URL of the SPDX page which contains additional information related
+     to the license.
+
+   - Usage-Guidance:
+
+     Freeform text for usage advice. The text must include correct examples
+     for the SPDX license identifiers as they should be put into source
+     files according to the `License identifier syntax`_ guidelines.
+
+   - License-Text:
+
+     All text after this tag is treated as the original license text
+
+   File format examples::
+
+      Valid-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+      Valid-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+      SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/GPL-2.0.html
+      Usage-Guide:
+        To use this license in source code, put one of the following SPDX
+	tag/value pairs into a comment according to the placement
+	guidelines in the licensing rules documentation.
+	For 'GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 only' use:
+	  SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+	For 'GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 or any later version' use:
+	  SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+      License-Text:
+        Full license text
+
+   ::
+
+      SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+      SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/MIT.html
+      Usage-Guide:
+	To use this license in source code, put the following SPDX
+	tag/value pair into a comment according to the placement
+	guidelines in the licensing rules documentation.
+	  SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+      License-Text:
+        Full license text
+
+|
+
+2. Not recommended licenses:
+
+   These licenses should only be used for existing code or for importing
+   code from a different project.  These licenses are available from the
+   directory::
+
+      LICENSES/other/
+
+   in the kernel source tree.
+
+   The files in this directory contain the full license text and
+   `Metatags`_.  The file names are identical to the SPDX license
+   identifier which shall be used for the license in source files.
+
+   Examples::
+
+      LICENSES/other/ISC
+
+   Contains the Internet Systems Consortium license text and the required
+   metatags::
+
+      LICENSES/other/ZLib
+
+   Contains the ZLIB license text and the required metatags.
+
+   Metatags:
+
+   The metatag requirements for 'other' licenses are identical to the
+   requirements of the `Preferred licenses`_.
+
+   File format example::
+
+      Valid-License-Identifier: ISC
+      SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/ISC.html
+      Usage-Guide:
+        Usage of this license in the kernel for new code is discouraged
+	and it should solely be used for importing code from an already
+	existing project.
+        To use this license in source code, put the following SPDX
+	tag/value pair into a comment according to the placement
+	guidelines in the licensing rules documentation.
+	  SPDX-License-Identifier: ISC
+      License-Text:
+        Full license text
+
+|
+
+3. _`Exceptions`:
+
+   Some licenses can be amended with exceptions which grant certain rights
+   which the original license does not.  These exceptions are available
+   from the directory::
+
+      LICENSES/exceptions/
+
+   in the kernel source tree.  The files in this directory contain the full
+   exception text and the required `Exception Metatags`_.
+
+   Examples::
+
+      LICENSES/exceptions/Linux-syscall-note
+
+   Contains the Linux syscall exception as documented in the COPYING
+   file of the Linux kernel, which is used for UAPI header files.
+   e.g. /\* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note \*/::
+
+      LICENSES/exceptions/GCC-exception-2.0
+
+   Contains the GCC 'linking exception' which allows to link any binary
+   independent of its license against the compiled version of a file marked
+   with this exception. This is required for creating runnable executables
+   from source code which is not compatible with the GPL.
+
+   _`Exception Metatags`:
+
+   The following meta tags must be available in an exception file:
+
+   - SPDX-Exception-Identifier:
+
+     One exception identifier which can be used with SPDX license
+     identifiers.
+
+   - SPDX-URL:
+
+     The URL of the SPDX page which contains additional information related
+     to the exception.
+
+   - SPDX-Licenses:
+
+     A comma separated list of SPDX license identifiers for which the
+     exception can be used.
+
+   - Usage-Guidance:
+
+     Freeform text for usage advice. The text must be followed by correct
+     examples for the SPDX license identifiers as they should be put into
+     source files according to the `License identifier syntax`_ guidelines.
+
+   - Exception-Text:
+
+     All text after this tag is treated as the original exception text
+
+   File format examples::
+
+      SPDX-Exception-Identifier: Linux-syscall-note
+      SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/Linux-syscall-note.html
+      SPDX-Licenses: GPL-2.0, GPL-2.0+, GPL-1.0+, LGPL-2.0, LGPL-2.0+, LGPL-2.1, LGPL-2.1+
+      Usage-Guidance:
+        This exception is used together with one of the above SPDX-Licenses
+	to mark user-space API (uapi) header files so they can be included
+	into non GPL compliant user-space application code.
+        To use this exception add it with the keyword WITH to one of the
+	identifiers in the SPDX-Licenses tag:
+	  SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX-License> WITH Linux-syscall-note
+      Exception-Text:
+        Full exception text
+
+   ::
+
+      SPDX-Exception-Identifier: GCC-exception-2.0
+      SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/GCC-exception-2.0.html
+      SPDX-Licenses: GPL-2.0, GPL-2.0+
+      Usage-Guidance:
+        The "GCC Runtime Library exception 2.0" is used together with one
+	of the above SPDX-Licenses for code imported from the GCC runtime
+	library.
+        To use this exception add it with the keyword WITH to one of the
+	identifiers in the SPDX-Licenses tag:
+	  SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX-License> WITH GCC-exception-2.0
+      Exception-Text:
+        Full exception text
+
+
+All SPDX license identifiers and exceptions must have a corresponding file
+in the LICENSE subdirectories. This is required to allow tool
+verification (e.g. checkpatch.pl) and to have the licenses ready to read
+and extract right from the source, which is recommended by various FOSS
+organizations, e.g. the `FSFE REUSE initiative <https://reuse.software/>`_.

Re: [patch V5 01/11] Documentation: Add license-rules.rst to describe how to properly identify file licenses

[Philippe Ombredanne]

Thomas,

On Thu, Dec 28, 2017 at 11:17 PM, Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> wrote:
> On Thu, 28 Dec 2017, Thomas Gleixner wrote:
>
> Sorry for the spam. I somehow missed to refresh the patch before generating
> the mbox. Find below the correct version of that one which has ALL braces
> removed which we don't need.
>
> Thanks,
>
>         tglx
>
> 8<--------------------------
> Subject: Documentation: Add license-rules.rst to describe how to properly identify file licenses
> From: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
> Date: Fri, 10 Nov 2017 09:30:00 +0100
>
> Add a file to the Documentation directory to describe how file licenses
> should be described in all kernel files, using the SPDX identifier, as well
> as where all licenses should be in the kernel source tree for people to
> refer to (LICENSES/).
>
> Thanks to Kate and Greg for review and editing and Jonas for the
> suggestions concerning the meta tags in the licenses files.
>
> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
> Reviewed-by: Jonas Oberg <jonas@fsfe.org>
> Reviewed-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
> Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
> Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
>
> ---
>  Documentation/index.rst                 |   12 +
>  Documentation/process/license-rules.rst |  370 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  2 files changed, 382 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 Documentation/license-rules.rst
>
> --- a/Documentation/index.rst
> +++ b/Documentation/index.rst
> @@ -13,6 +13,18 @@ documents into a coherent whole.  Please
>  documentation are welcome; join the linux-doc list at vger.kernel.org if
>  you want to help out.
>
> +Licensing documentation
> +-----------------------
> +
> +The following describes the license of the Linux kernel source code
> +(GPLv2), how to properly mark the license of individual files in the source
> +tree, as well as links to the full license text.
> +
> +.. toctree::
> +   :maxdepth: 2
> +
> +   process/license-rules.rst
> +
>  User-oriented documentation
>  ---------------------------
>
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/Documentation/process/license-rules.rst
> @@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
> +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +
> +Linux kernel licensing rules
> +============================
> +
> +The Linux Kernel is provided under the terms of the GNU General Public
> +License version 2 only (GPL-2.0), as published by the Free Software
> +Foundation, and provided in the COPYING file.  This documentation file is
> +not meant to replace the COPYING file, but provides a description of how
> +each source file should be annotated to make the licensing it is governed
> +under clear and unambiguous.
> +
> +The license in the COPYING file applies to the kernel source as a whole,
> +though individual source files can have a different license which is
> +required to be compatible with the GPL-2.0::
> +
> +    GPL-1.0+  :  GNU General Public License v1.0 or later
> +    GPL-2.0+  :  GNU General Public License v2.0 or later
> +    LGPL-2.0  :  GNU Library General Public License v2 only
> +    LGPL-2.0+ :  GNU Library General Public License v2 or later
> +    LGPL-2.1  :  GNU Lesser General Public License v2.1 only
> +    LGPL-2.1+ :  GNU Lesser General Public License v2.1 or later
> +
> +Aside from that, individual files can be provided under a dual license,
> +e.g. one of the compatible GPL variants and alternatively under a
> +permissive license like BSD, MIT etc.
> +
> +The User-space API (UAPI) header files, which describe the interface of
> +user-space programs to the kernel are a special case.  According to the
> +note in the kernel COPYING file, the syscall interface is a clear boundary,
> +which does not extend the GPL requirements to any software which uses it to
> +communicate with the kernel.  Because the UAPI headers must be includable
> +into any source files which create an executable running on the Linux
> +kernel, the exception must be documented by a special license expression.
> +
> +The common way of expressing the license of a source file is to add the
> +matching boilerplate text into the top comment of the file.  Due to
> +formatting, typos etc. these "boilerplates" are hard to validate for
> +tools which are used in the context of license compliance.
> +
> +An alternative to boilerplate text is the use of Software Package Data
> +Exchange (SPDX) license identifiers in each source file.  SPDX license
> +identifiers are machine parsable and precise shorthands for the license
> +under which the content of the file is contributed.  SPDX license
> +identifiers are managed by the SPDX Workgroup at the Linux Foundation and
> +have been agreed on by partners throughout the industry, tool vendors, and
> +legal teams.  For further information see https://spdx.org/
> +
> +The Linux kernel requires the precise SPDX identifier in all source files.
> +The valid identifiers used in the kernel are explained in the section
> +`License identifiers`_ and have been retrieved from the official SPDX
> +license list at https://spdx.org/licenses/ along with the license texts.
> +
> +License identifier syntax
> +-------------------------
> +
> +1. Placement:
> +
> +   The SPDX license identifier in kernel files shall be added at the first
> +   possible line in a file which can contain a comment.  For the majority
> +   or files this is the first line, except for scripts which require the
> +   '#!PATH_TO_INTERPRETER' in the first line.  For those scripts the SPDX
> +   identifier goes into the second line.
> +
> +|
> +
> +2. Style:
> +
> +   The SPDX license identifier is added in form of a comment.  The comment
> +   style depends on the file type::
> +
> +      C source:        // SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX License Expression>
> +      C header:        /* SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX License Expression> */
> +      ASM:     /* SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX License Expression> */
> +      scripts: # SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX License Expression>
> +      .rst:    .. SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX License Expression>
> +      .dts{i}: // SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX License Expression>
> +
> +   If a specific tool cannot handle the standard comment style, then the
> +   appropriate comment mechanism which the tool accepts shall be used. This
> +   is the reason for having the "/\* \*/" style comment in C header
> +   files. There was build breakage observed with generated .lds files where
> +   'ld' failed to parse the C++ comment. This has been fixed by now, but
> +   there are still older assembler tools which cannot handle C++ style
> +   comments.
> +
> +|
> +
> +3. Syntax:
> +
> +   A <SPDX License Expression> is either an SPDX short form license
> +   identifier found on the SPDX License List, or the combination of two
> +   SPDX short form license identifiers separated by "WITH" when a license
> +   exception applies. When multiple licenses apply, an expression consists
> +   of keywords "AND", "OR" separating sub-expressions and surrounded by
> +   "(", ")" .
> +
> +   License identifiers for licenses like [L]GPL with the 'or later' option
> +   are constructed by using a "+" for indicating the 'or later' option.::
> +
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+
> +
> +   WITH should be used when there is a modifier to a license needed.
> +   For example, the linux kernel UAPI files use the expression::
> +
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note
> +
> +   Other examples using WITH exceptions found in the kernel are::
> +
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH mif-exception
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH GCC-exception-2.0
> +
> +   Exceptions can only be used with particular License identifiers. The
> +   valid License identifiers are listed in the tags of the exception text
> +   file. For details see the point `Exceptions`_ in the chapter `License
> +   identifiers`_.
> +
> +   OR should be used if the file is dual licensed and only one license is
> +   to be selected.  For example, some dtsi files are available under dual
> +   licenses::
> +
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR BSD-3-Clause
> +
> +   Examples from the kernel for license expressions in dual licensed files::
> +
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR MIT
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR BSD-2-Clause
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR Apache-2.0
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR MPL-1.1
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-1.0+ OR BSD-3-Clause OR OpenSSL
> +
> +   AND should be used if the file has multiple licenses whose terms all
> +   apply to use the file. For example, if code is inherited from another
> +   project and permission has been given to put it in the kernel, but the
> +   original license terms need to remain in effect::
> +
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT
> +
> +   Another other example where both sets of license terms need to be
> +   adhered to is::
> +
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-1.0+ AND LGPL-2.1+
> +
> +License identifiers
> +-------------------
> +
> +The licenses currently used, as well as the licenses for code added to the
> +kernel, can be broken down into:
> +
> +1. _`Preferred licenses`:
> +
> +   Whenever possible these licenses should be used as they are known to be
> +   fully compatible and widely used.  These licenses are available from the
> +   directory::
> +
> +      LICENSES/preferred/
> +
> +   in the kernel source tree.
> +
> +   The files in this directory contain the full license text and
> +   `Metatags`_.  The file names are identical to the SPDX license
> +   identifier which shall be used for the license in source files.
> +
> +   Examples::
> +
> +      LICENSES/preferred/GPL-2.0
> +
> +   Contains the GPL version 2 license text and the required metatags::
> +
> +      LICENSES/preferred/MIT
> +
> +   Contains the MIT license text and the required metatags
> +
> +   _`Metatags`:
> +
> +   The following meta tags must be available in a license file:
> +
> +   - Valid-License-Identifier:
> +
> +     One or more lines which declare which License Identifiers are valid
> +     inside the project to reference this particular license text.  Usually
> +     this is a single valid identifier, but e.g. for licenses with the 'or
> +     later' options two identifiers are valid.
> +
> +   - SPDX-URL:
> +
> +     The URL of the SPDX page which contains additional information related
> +     to the license.
> +
> +   - Usage-Guidance:
> +
> +     Freeform text for usage advice. The text must include correct examples
> +     for the SPDX license identifiers as they should be put into source
> +     files according to the `License identifier syntax`_ guidelines.
> +
> +   - License-Text:
> +
> +     All text after this tag is treated as the original license text
> +
> +   File format examples::
> +
> +      Valid-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +      Valid-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
> +      SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/GPL-2.0.html
> +      Usage-Guide:
> +        To use this license in source code, put one of the following SPDX
> +       tag/value pairs into a comment according to the placement
> +       guidelines in the licensing rules documentation.
> +       For 'GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 only' use:
> +         SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +       For 'GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 or any later version' use:
> +         SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
> +      License-Text:
> +        Full license text
> +
> +   ::
> +
> +      SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
> +      SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/MIT.html
> +      Usage-Guide:
> +       To use this license in source code, put the following SPDX
> +       tag/value pair into a comment according to the placement
> +       guidelines in the licensing rules documentation.
> +         SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
> +      License-Text:
> +        Full license text
> +
> +|
> +
> +2. Not recommended licenses:
> +
> +   These licenses should only be used for existing code or for importing
> +   code from a different project.  These licenses are available from the
> +   directory::
> +
> +      LICENSES/other/
> +
> +   in the kernel source tree.
> +
> +   The files in this directory contain the full license text and
> +   `Metatags`_.  The file names are identical to the SPDX license
> +   identifier which shall be used for the license in source files.
> +
> +   Examples::
> +
> +      LICENSES/other/ISC
> +
> +   Contains the Internet Systems Consortium license text and the required
> +   metatags::
> +
> +      LICENSES/other/ZLib
> +
> +   Contains the ZLIB license text and the required metatags.
> +
> +   Metatags:
> +
> +   The metatag requirements for 'other' licenses are identical to the
> +   requirements of the `Preferred licenses`_.
> +
> +   File format example::
> +
> +      Valid-License-Identifier: ISC
> +      SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/ISC.html
> +      Usage-Guide:
> +        Usage of this license in the kernel for new code is discouraged
> +       and it should solely be used for importing code from an already
> +       existing project.
> +        To use this license in source code, put the following SPDX
> +       tag/value pair into a comment according to the placement
> +       guidelines in the licensing rules documentation.
> +         SPDX-License-Identifier: ISC
> +      License-Text:
> +        Full license text
> +
> +|
> +
> +3. _`Exceptions`:
> +
> +   Some licenses can be amended with exceptions which grant certain rights
> +   which the original license does not.  These exceptions are available
> +   from the directory::
> +
> +      LICENSES/exceptions/
> +
> +   in the kernel source tree.  The files in this directory contain the full
> +   exception text and the required `Exception Metatags`_.
> +
> +   Examples::
> +
> +      LICENSES/exceptions/Linux-syscall-note
> +
> +   Contains the Linux syscall exception as documented in the COPYING
> +   file of the Linux kernel, which is used for UAPI header files.
> +   e.g. /\* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note \*/::
> +
> +      LICENSES/exceptions/GCC-exception-2.0
> +
> +   Contains the GCC 'linking exception' which allows to link any binary
> +   independent of its license against the compiled version of a file marked
> +   with this exception. This is required for creating runnable executables
> +   from source code which is not compatible with the GPL.
> +
> +   _`Exception Metatags`:
> +
> +   The following meta tags must be available in an exception file:
> +
> +   - SPDX-Exception-Identifier:
> +
> +     One exception identifier which can be used with SPDX license
> +     identifiers.
> +
> +   - SPDX-URL:
> +
> +     The URL of the SPDX page which contains additional information related
> +     to the exception.
> +
> +   - SPDX-Licenses:
> +
> +     A comma separated list of SPDX license identifiers for which the
> +     exception can be used.
> +
> +   - Usage-Guidance:
> +
> +     Freeform text for usage advice. The text must be followed by correct
> +     examples for the SPDX license identifiers as they should be put into
> +     source files according to the `License identifier syntax`_ guidelines.
> +
> +   - Exception-Text:
> +
> +     All text after this tag is treated as the original exception text
> +
> +   File format examples::
> +
> +      SPDX-Exception-Identifier: Linux-syscall-note
> +      SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/Linux-syscall-note.html
> +      SPDX-Licenses: GPL-2.0, GPL-2.0+, GPL-1.0+, LGPL-2.0, LGPL-2.0+, LGPL-2.1, LGPL-2.1+
> +      Usage-Guidance:
> +        This exception is used together with one of the above SPDX-Licenses
> +       to mark user-space API (uapi) header files so they can be included
> +       into non GPL compliant user-space application code.
> +        To use this exception add it with the keyword WITH to one of the
> +       identifiers in the SPDX-Licenses tag:
> +         SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX-License> WITH Linux-syscall-note
> +      Exception-Text:
> +        Full exception text
> +
> +   ::
> +
> +      SPDX-Exception-Identifier: GCC-exception-2.0
> +      SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/GCC-exception-2.0.html
> +      SPDX-Licenses: GPL-2.0, GPL-2.0+
> +      Usage-Guidance:
> +        The "GCC Runtime Library exception 2.0" is used together with one
> +       of the above SPDX-Licenses for code imported from the GCC runtime
> +       library.
> +        To use this exception add it with the keyword WITH to one of the
> +       identifiers in the SPDX-Licenses tag:
> +         SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX-License> WITH GCC-exception-2.0
> +      Exception-Text:
> +        Full exception text
> +
> +
> +All SPDX license identifiers and exceptions must have a corresponding file
> +in the LICENSE subdirectories. This is required to allow tool
> +verification (e.g. checkpatch.pl) and to have the licenses ready to read
> +and extract right from the source, which is recommended by various FOSS
> +organizations, e.g. the `FSFE REUSE initiative <https://reuse.software/>`_.

My review still stands in this updated/corrected version. Thanks!

Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>

-- 
Cordially
Philippe Ombredanne

Re: [patch V5 01/11] Documentation: Add license-rules.rst to describe how to properly identify file licenses

[Joe Perches]

On Fri, 2017-12-29 at 14:21 +0100, Philippe Ombredanne wrote:
> Thomas,
> 
> On Thu, Dec 28, 2017 at 11:17 PM, Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> wrote:
> > On Thu, 28 Dec 2017, Thomas Gleixner wrote:
> > 
> > Sorry for the spam. I somehow missed to refresh the patch before generating
> > the mbox. Find below the correct version of that one which has ALL braces
> > removed which we don't need.

Has it been legally reviewed and accepted that removal
of the BSD license text from individual source files is
appropriate and meets the legal requirements of
following the BSD license on a per-file basis?

And if so, who did this review?

Is there any license that does not allow removal of the
license text and does not allow simple substitution of
the SPDX license identifier in each individual file?

Re: [patch V5 01/11] Documentation: Add license-rules.rst to describe how to properly identify file licenses

[Theodore Ts'o]

On Fri, Dec 29, 2017 at 08:19:59AM -0800, Joe Perches wrote:
> 
> Has it been legally reviewed and accepted that removal
> of the BSD license text from individual source files is
> appropriate and meets the legal requirements of
> following the BSD license on a per-file basis?
> 
> And if so, who did this review?
> 
> Is there any license that does not allow removal of the
> license text and does not allow simple substitution of
> the SPDX license identifier in each individual file?

The work to use SPDX lines instead of individual licenses was done by
Greg K-H in close consultation with Linux Foundation counsels, so I
would assume that they did look at that particular issue.

IANAL, but I've talked to lawyers about this issue, and in my
experience if you talk to three lawyers you will easily get six
opinions.  As far as I know, none of the licenses explicitly say
copyright license must be on each file.  Just that the distribution of
source must include the copyright and license statement.  Exactly how
that is done is not explicitly specified.

						- Ted

Re: [patch V5 01/11] Documentation: Add license-rules.rst to describe how to properly identify file licenses

[Philippe Ombredanne]

On Fri, Dec 29, 2017 at 7:54 PM, Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> wrote:
> On Fri, Dec 29, 2017 at 08:19:59AM -0800, Joe Perches wrote:
>>
>> Has it been legally reviewed and accepted that removal
>> of the BSD license text from individual source files is
>> appropriate and meets the legal requirements of
>> following the BSD license on a per-file basis?
>>
>> And if so, who did this review?
>>
>> Is there any license that does not allow removal of the
>> license text and does not allow simple substitution of
>> the SPDX license identifier in each individual file?
>
> The work to use SPDX lines instead of individual licenses was done by
> Greg K-H in close consultation with Linux Foundation counsels, so I
> would assume that they did look at that particular issue.

This is correct. And this is in addition to the discussion in the SPDX
group  at the LF (that includes several FOSS-savvy and prominent FOSS
lawyers) that did design the SPDX spec.

> IANAL, but I've talked to lawyers about this issue, and in my
> experience if you talk to three lawyers you will easily get six
> opinions.

And that's on a good day: you may get more than six on a bad one. But
on the other hand, they tend also to defer to standards, and
established community norms.

> As far as I know, none of the licenses explicitly say
> copyright license must be on each file.  Just that the distribution of
> source must include the copyright and license statement.  Exactly how
> that is done is not explicitly specified.

This is also my take. What is done here is not much different than
refactoring duplicated code so it leaves in a single place:

- by "value" at the root in COPYING and in the Documentation.
- by "reference" in the code proper as SPDX ids.

Therefore essential and common requirements to include the license
text is fulfilled in the kernel.

Note that there are a few offenders that will need to clean up their
acts as they came up will both long and "un-removable and
un-alterable" crazy legalese blurbs [1] prefix this:

"DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER"

These will have to be taken care on a case by case basis. These are
pretty stupid and IMHO should have never been allowed to be added to
the kernel in the first place and are ugly warts. It could very well
be that these are not really GPL-compliant notices FWIW: keeping
notices and copyrights is quite different from a restriction of
altering things by moving them around which is exactly what is
happening with the SPDX-ification here.

[1] https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/drivers/staging/lustre/include/linux/libcfs/libcfs.h?h=v4.15-rc5#n5

-- 
Cordially
Philippe Ombredanne

Re: [patch V5 01/11] Documentation: Add license-rules.rst to describe how to properly identify file licenses

[Theodore Ts'o]

On Fri, Dec 29, 2017 at 11:17:54PM +0100, Philippe Ombredanne wrote:
> > As far as I know, none of the licenses explicitly say
> > copyright license must be on each file.  Just that the distribution of
> > source must include the copyright and license statement.  Exactly how
> > that is done is not explicitly specified.
> 
> This is also my take. What is done here is not much different than
> refactoring duplicated code so it leaves in a single place:
> 
> - by "value" at the root in COPYING and in the Documentation.
> - by "reference" in the code proper as SPDX ids.
> 
> Therefore essential and common requirements to include the license
> text is fulfilled in the kernel.
> 
> Note that there are a few offenders that will need to clean up their
> acts as they came up will both long and "un-removable and
> un-alterable" crazy legalese blurbs [1] prefix this:
> 
> "DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER"
> 
> These will have to be taken care on a case by case basis. These are
> pretty stupid and IMHO should have never been allowed to be added to
> the kernel in the first place and are ugly warts. It could very well
> be that these are not really GPL-compliant notices FWIW: keeping
> notices and copyrights is quite different from a restriction of
> altering things by moving them around which is exactly what is
> happening with the SPDX-ification here.
> 
> [1] https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/drivers/staging/lustre/include/linux/libcfs/libcfs.h?h=v4.15-rc5#n5

Lustre is now owned by Intel so I suspect that some throat clearing
noises in the right direction could easily take care of the issue with
those files....

					- Ted

Re: [patch V5 01/11] Documentation: Add license-rules.rst to describe how to properly identify file licenses

[Andreas Dilger]

On Dec 29, 2017, at 9:15 PM, Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> wrote:
> 
> On Fri, Dec 29, 2017 at 11:17:54PM +0100, Philippe Ombredanne wrote:
>>> As far as I know, none of the licenses explicitly say
>>> copyright license must be on each file.  Just that the distribution of
>>> source must include the copyright and license statement.  Exactly how
>>> that is done is not explicitly specified.
>> 
>> This is also my take. What is done here is not much different than
>> refactoring duplicated code so it leaves in a single place:
>> 
>> - by "value" at the root in COPYING and in the Documentation.
>> - by "reference" in the code proper as SPDX ids.
>> 
>> Therefore essential and common requirements to include the license
>> text is fulfilled in the kernel.
>> 
>> Note that there are a few offenders that will need to clean up their
>> acts as they came up will both long and "un-removable and
>> un-alterable" crazy legalese blurbs [1] prefix this:
>> 
>> "DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER"
>> 
>> These will have to be taken care on a case by case basis. These are
>> pretty stupid and IMHO should have never been allowed to be added to
>> the kernel in the first place and are ugly warts. It could very well
>> be that these are not really GPL-compliant notices FWIW: keeping
>> notices and copyrights is quite different from a restriction of
>> altering things by moving them around which is exactly what is
>> happening with the SPDX-ification here.
>> 
>> [1] https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/drivers/staging/lustre/include/linux/libcfs/libcfs.h?h=v4.15-rc5#n5
> 
> Lustre is now owned by Intel so I suspect that some throat clearing
> noises in the right direction could easily take care of the issue with
> those files....

To correct this, the copyright on the Lustre code is not owned by Intel.
The copyright on the original Lustre code was transferred from Oracle to
Seagate a few years ago, but the code that Whamcloud->Intel used for their
release (which is what the kernel client is based on) was forked many years
ago from the Oracle version (all under GPL).  There is no single copyright
holder anymore, since there is no copyright assignment for new contributions
and it is copyright by whomever contributed it, as with the kernel itself.

I don't see any issue with leaving those header blocks as-is?

Cheers, Andreas

Re: [patch V5 01/11] Documentation: Add license-rules.rst to describe how to properly identify file licenses

[Thomas Gleixner]

On Fri, 29 Dec 2017, Theodore Ts'o wrote:
> On Fri, Dec 29, 2017 at 08:19:59AM -0800, Joe Perches wrote:
> > 
> > Has it been legally reviewed and accepted that removal
> > of the BSD license text from individual source files is
> > appropriate and meets the legal requirements of
> > following the BSD license on a per-file basis?
> > 
> > And if so, who did this review?
> > 
> > Is there any license that does not allow removal of the
> > license text and does not allow simple substitution of
> > the SPDX license identifier in each individual file?
> 
> The work to use SPDX lines instead of individual licenses was done by
> Greg K-H in close consultation with Linux Foundation counsels, so I
> would assume that they did look at that particular issue.
> 
> IANAL, but I've talked to lawyers about this issue, and in my
> experience if you talk to three lawyers you will easily get six
> opinions.  As far as I know, none of the licenses explicitly say
> copyright license must be on each file.  Just that the distribution of
> source must include the copyright and license statement.  Exactly how
> that is done is not explicitly specified.

Aside of that we are not removing anything, except the obvious one liners
like

	This file is licensed under GPLV2

	For licensing see COPYING

and similar constructs. Replacing the full boilerplate text is done by
talking to the respective copyright holders, which usually involves lawyers
when the copyright holder is a corporate. See for example:

commit 987b154983f0e70b02edf6fc75fcc2f6e6d670b9
Author: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Date:   Mon Dec 4 10:57:02 2017 +0100

    s390: Remove redudant license text

where the removal has been done by IBM in files copyrighted by IBM.

Thanks,

	tglx

Re: [patch V5 01/11] Documentation: Add license-rules.rst to describe how to properly identify file licenses

[Yang Li]

On Thu, Dec 28, 2017 at 4:17 PM, Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> wrote:
> On Thu, 28 Dec 2017, Thomas Gleixner wrote:
>
> Sorry for the spam. I somehow missed to refresh the patch before generating
> the mbox. Find below the correct version of that one which has ALL braces
> removed which we don't need.

Hi Thomas,

I'm not sure how we reached the conclusion that we should remove ALL
braces?  I cannot find related discussion in the archive except for
the "WITH" case.

This is conflicting with the current SPDX spec at
https://spdx.org/spdx-specification-21-web-version quoted below and
also the explenation in your own file.

Quote from SPDX spec 2.1: More expressive composite license
expressions can be constructed using "OR", "AND", and "WITH" operators
similar to constructing mathematical expressions using arithmetic
operators. For the Tag:value format, any license expression that
consists of more than one license identifier and/or LicenseRef, should
be encapsulated by parentheses: "( )".


> +
> +   A <SPDX License Expression> is either an SPDX short form license
> +   identifier found on the SPDX License List, or the combination of two
> +   SPDX short form license identifiers separated by "WITH" when a license
> +   exception applies. When multiple licenses apply, an expression consists
> +   of keywords "AND", "OR" separating sub-expressions and surrounded by
> +   "(", ")" .

Conflicting with the example

> +
> +   License identifiers for licenses like [L]GPL with the 'or later' option
> +   are constructed by using a "+" for indicating the 'or later' option.::
> +
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+
> +
> +   WITH should be used when there is a modifier to a license needed.
> +   For example, the linux kernel UAPI files use the expression::
> +
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note
> +
> +   Other examples using WITH exceptions found in the kernel are::
> +
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH mif-exception
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH GCC-exception-2.0
> +
> +   Exceptions can only be used with particular License identifiers. The
> +   valid License identifiers are listed in the tags of the exception text
> +   file. For details see the point `Exceptions`_ in the chapter `License
> +   identifiers`_.
> +
> +   OR should be used if the file is dual licensed and only one license is
> +   to be selected.  For example, some dtsi files are available under dual
> +   licenses::
> +
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR BSD-3-Clause
> +
> +   Examples from the kernel for license expressions in dual licensed files::
> +
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR MIT
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR BSD-2-Clause
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR Apache-2.0
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR MPL-1.1
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-1.0+ OR BSD-3-Clause OR OpenSSL
> +
> +   AND should be used if the file has multiple licenses whose terms all
> +   apply to use the file. For example, if code is inherited from another
> +   project and permission has been given to put it in the kernel, but the
> +   original license terms need to remain in effect::
> +
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT
> +
> +   Another other example where both sets of license terms need to be
> +   adhered to is::
> +
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-1.0+ AND LGPL-2.1+
> +

Re: [patch V5 01/11] Documentation: Add license-rules.rst to describe how to properly identify file licenses

[Thomas Gleixner]

Yang,

On Tue, 12 Jun 2018, Yang Li wrote:
> On Thu, Dec 28, 2017 at 4:17 PM, Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> wrote:
> > On Thu, 28 Dec 2017, Thomas Gleixner wrote:
> >
> > Sorry for the spam. I somehow missed to refresh the patch before generating
> > the mbox. Find below the correct version of that one which has ALL braces
> > removed which we don't need.

> I'm not sure how we reached the conclusion that we should remove ALL
> braces?  I cannot find related discussion in the archive except for
> the "WITH" case.

https://lkml.kernel.org/r/CAOFm3uEpM_tBErkOvqghcy+wbw0i4mSnafPBRC3HYZVQjsSyMw@mail.gmail.com

> This is conflicting with the current SPDX spec at
> https://spdx.org/spdx-specification-21-web-version quoted below and
> also the explenation in your own file.
> 
> Quote from SPDX spec 2.1: More expressive composite license
> expressions can be constructed using "OR", "AND", and "WITH" operators
> similar to constructing mathematical expressions using arithmetic
> operators. For the Tag:value format, any license expression that
> consists of more than one license identifier and/or LicenseRef, should
> be encapsulated by parentheses: "( )".

This is not relevant here:

   For the Tag:value format, .....

The kernel does not generate SPDX files in Tag:value format. The kernel
uses SPDX license identifiers to reflect the actual license of a file.

> > +   A <SPDX License Expression> is either an SPDX short form license
> > +   identifier found on the SPDX License List, or the combination of two
> > +   SPDX short form license identifiers separated by "WITH" when a license
> > +   exception applies. When multiple licenses apply, an expression consists
> > +   of keywords "AND", "OR" separating sub-expressions and surrounded by
> > +   "(", ")" .
> 
> Conflicting with the example

No, The keyword is 'separating sub-expressions'. It does not say license
identifiers.

So these examples are completely compliant with the documentation:

> > +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note
> > +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note
> > +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR BSD-3-Clause

Two license (exception) identifiers plus a operator. That's perfectly well
defined.

> > +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT

This is actually a case where you need parentheses and they separate the
sub-expression 'ID with EXC'.

Adding extra parentheses around any simple 'ID operator [ID|EXC]'
expression is really overkill and does not make stuff more
readable. Likewise in programming languages. Why would anyone write:

C et al.:	a = (b || c);
Pyhton:		a = (b and c)

Thanks,

	tglx

Re: [patch V5 01/11] Documentation: Add license-rules.rst to describe how to properly identify file licenses

[Yang Li]

On Tue, Jun 12, 2018 at 2:27 PM, Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> wrote:
> Yang,
>
> On Tue, 12 Jun 2018, Yang Li wrote:
>> On Thu, Dec 28, 2017 at 4:17 PM, Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> wrote:
>> > On Thu, 28 Dec 2017, Thomas Gleixner wrote:
>> >
>> > Sorry for the spam. I somehow missed to refresh the patch before generating
>> > the mbox. Find below the correct version of that one which has ALL braces
>> > removed which we don't need.
>
>> I'm not sure how we reached the conclusion that we should remove ALL
>> braces?  I cannot find related discussion in the archive except for
>> the "WITH" case.
>
> https://lkml.kernel.org/r/CAOFm3uEpM_tBErkOvqghcy+wbw0i4mSnafPBRC3HYZVQjsSyMw@mail.gmail.com

Thanks Thomas,  But this email is mostly discussing the "WITH" case as
I said, and it does mentioned that braces is (weakly) needed for other
cases.

>
>> This is conflicting with the current SPDX spec at
>> https://spdx.org/spdx-specification-21-web-version quoted below and
>> also the explenation in your own file.
>>
>> Quote from SPDX spec 2.1: More expressive composite license
>> expressions can be constructed using "OR", "AND", and "WITH" operators
>> similar to constructing mathematical expressions using arithmetic
>> operators. For the Tag:value format, any license expression that
>> consists of more than one license identifier and/or LicenseRef, should
>> be encapsulated by parentheses: "( )".
>
> This is not relevant here:
>
>    For the Tag:value format, .....
>
> The kernel does not generate SPDX files in Tag:value format. The kernel
> uses SPDX license identifiers to reflect the actual license of a file.

I'm not sure if I understood the Tag:value term correctly.  But it
looks like to me that the "SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX License
Expression>" is a tag:value in the SPDX spec.

"The tag should appear on its own line in the source file, generally
as part of a comment.

SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX License Expression>"


>
>> > +   A <SPDX License Expression> is either an SPDX short form license
>> > +   identifier found on the SPDX License List, or the combination of two
>> > +   SPDX short form license identifiers separated by "WITH" when a license
>> > +   exception applies. When multiple licenses apply, an expression consists
>> > +   of keywords "AND", "OR" separating sub-expressions and surrounded by
>> > +   "(", ")" .
>>
>> Conflicting with the example
>
> No, The keyword is 'separating sub-expressions'. It does not say license
> identifiers.

But the first sentense declared that an expression can just be a short
form license identifier.

And the examples provided in the spec also proves it:

"Examples:

SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 OR MIT)
SPDX-License-Identifier: (LGPL-2.1 AND BSD-2-CLAUSE)
SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0+ WITH Bison-exception-2.2)"


>
> So these examples are completely compliant with the documentation:
>
>> > +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note
>> > +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note
>> > +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR BSD-3-Clause
>
> Two license (exception) identifiers plus a operator. That's perfectly well
> defined.
>
>> > +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT
>
> This is actually a case where you need parentheses and they separate the
> sub-expression 'ID with EXC'.
>
> Adding extra parentheses around any simple 'ID operator [ID|EXC]'
> expression is really overkill and does not make stuff more
> readable. Likewise in programming languages. Why would anyone write:
>
> C et al.:       a = (b || c);
> Pyhton:         a = (b and c)

I think I agree with you that not having parentheses in these cases
probably make more sense.  But I think we are having a conflict with
the spec now, probably we should update the SPDX spec to be aligned?
Actually a lot of the current SPDX tags in kernel tree are following
the spec to use the parentheses.  We should do something to avoid the
confusion in the future IMO.

Regards,
Leo

Re: [patch V5 01/11] Documentation: Add license-rules.rst to describe how to properly identify file licenses

[Darrick J. Wong]

On Thu, Dec 28, 2017 at 04:27:11PM +0100, Thomas Gleixner wrote:
> Add a file to the Documentation directory to describe how file licenses
> should be described in all kernel files, using the SPDX identifier, as well
> as where all licenses should be in the kernel source tree for people to
> refer to (LICENSES/).
> 
> Thanks to Kate and Greg for review and editing and Jonas for the
> suggestions concerning the meta tags in the licenses files.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
> Reviewed-by: Jonas Oberg <jonas@fsfe.org>
> Reviewed-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
> Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
> Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
> 

/me hasn't done any deep dive legal analysis of this, but I can live with
this as a tag-file-with-license convention, so...

Acked-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>

--D

> ---
>  Documentation/index.rst                 |   12 +
>  Documentation/process/license-rules.rst |  370 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  2 files changed, 382 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 Documentation/license-rules.rst
> 
> --- a/Documentation/index.rst
> +++ b/Documentation/index.rst
> @@ -13,6 +13,18 @@ documents into a coherent whole.  Please
>  documentation are welcome; join the linux-doc list at vger.kernel.org if
>  you want to help out.
>  
> +Licensing documentation
> +-----------------------
> +
> +The following describes the license of the Linux kernel source code
> +(GPLv2), how to properly mark the license of individual files in the source
> +tree, as well as links to the full license text.
> +
> +.. toctree::
> +   :maxdepth: 2
> +
> +   process/license-rules.rst
> +
>  User-oriented documentation
>  ---------------------------
>  
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/Documentation/process/license-rules.rst
> @@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
> +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +
> +Linux kernel licensing rules
> +============================
> +
> +The Linux Kernel is provided under the terms of the GNU General Public
> +License version 2 only (GPL-2.0), as published by the Free Software
> +Foundation, and provided in the COPYING file.  This documentation file is
> +not meant to replace the COPYING file, but provides a description of how
> +each source file should be annotated to make the licensing it is governed
> +under clear and unambiguous.
> +
> +The license in the COPYING file applies to the kernel source as a whole,
> +though individual source files can have a different license which is
> +required to be compatible with the GPL-2.0::
> +
> +    GPL-1.0+  :  GNU General Public License v1.0 or later
> +    GPL-2.0+  :  GNU General Public License v2.0 or later
> +    LGPL-2.0  :  GNU Library General Public License v2 only
> +    LGPL-2.0+ :  GNU Library General Public License v2 or later
> +    LGPL-2.1  :  GNU Lesser General Public License v2.1 only
> +    LGPL-2.1+ :  GNU Lesser General Public License v2.1 or later
> +
> +Aside from that, individual files can be provided under a dual license,
> +e.g. one of the compatible GPL variants and alternatively under a
> +permissive license like BSD, MIT etc.
> +
> +The User-space API (UAPI) header files, which describe the interface of
> +user-space programs to the kernel are a special case.  According to the
> +note in the kernel COPYING file, the syscall interface is a clear boundary,
> +which does not extend the GPL requirements to any software which uses it to
> +communicate with the kernel.  Because the UAPI headers must be includable
> +into any source files which create an executable running on the Linux
> +kernel, the exception must be documented by a special license expression.
> +
> +The common way of expressing the license of a source file is to add the
> +matching boilerplate text into the top comment of the file.  Due to
> +formatting, typos etc. these "boilerplates" are hard to validate for
> +tools which are used in the context of license compliance.
> +
> +An alternative to boilerplate text is the use of Software Package Data
> +Exchange (SPDX) license identifiers in each source file.  SPDX license
> +identifiers are machine parsable and precise shorthands for the license
> +under which the content of the file is contributed.  SPDX license
> +identifiers are managed by the SPDX Workgroup at the Linux Foundation and
> +have been agreed on by partners throughout the industry, tool vendors, and
> +legal teams.  For further information see https://spdx.org/
> +
> +The Linux kernel requires the precise SPDX identifier in all source files.
> +The valid identifiers used in the kernel are explained in the section
> +`License identifiers`_ and have been retrieved from the official SPDX
> +license list at https://spdx.org/licenses/ along with the license texts.
> +
> +License identifier syntax
> +-------------------------
> +
> +1. Placement:
> +
> +   The SPDX license identifier in kernel files shall be added at the first
> +   possible line in a file which can contain a comment.  For the majority
> +   or files this is the first line, except for scripts which require the
> +   '#!PATH_TO_INTERPRETER' in the first line.  For those scripts the SPDX
> +   identifier goes into the second line.
> +
> +|
> +
> +2. Style:
> +
> +   The SPDX license identifier is added in form of a comment.  The comment
> +   style depends on the file type::
> +
> +      C source:	// SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX License Expression>
> +      C header:	/* SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX License Expression> */
> +      ASM:	/* SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX License Expression> */
> +      scripts:	# SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX License Expression>
> +      .rst:	.. SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX License Expression>
> +      .dts{i}:	// SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX License Expression>
> +
> +   If a specific tool cannot handle the standard comment style, then the
> +   appropriate comment mechanism which the tool accepts shall be used. This
> +   is the reason for having the "/\* \*/" style comment in C header
> +   files. There was build breakage observed with generated .lds files where
> +   'ld' failed to parse the C++ comment. This has been fixed by now, but
> +   there are still older assembler tools which cannot handle C++ style
> +   comments.
> +
> +|
> +
> +3. Syntax:
> +
> +   A <SPDX License Expression> is either an SPDX short form license
> +   identifier found on the SPDX License List, or the combination of two
> +   SPDX short form license identifiers separated by "WITH" when a license
> +   exception applies. When multiple licenses apply, an expression consists
> +   of keywords "AND", "OR" separating sub-expressions and surrounded by
> +   "(", ")" .
> +
> +   License identifiers for licenses like [L]GPL with the 'or later' option
> +   are constructed by using a "+" for indicating the 'or later' option.::
> +
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+
> +
> +   WITH should be used when there is a modifier to a license needed.
> +   For example, the linux kernel UAPI files use the expression::
> +
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note
> +
> +   Other examples using WITH exceptions found in the kernel are::
> +
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH mif-exception
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH GCC-exception-2.0
> +
> +   Exceptions can only be used with particular License identifiers. The
> +   valid License identifiers are listed in the tags of the exception text
> +   file. For details see the point `Exceptions`_ in the chapter `License
> +   identifiers`_.
> +
> +   OR should be used if the file is dual licensed and only one license is
> +   to be selected.  For example, some dtsi files are available under dual
> +   licenses::
> +
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR BSD-3-Clause
> +
> +   Examples from the kernel for license expressions in dual licensed files::
> +
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR MIT
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR BSD-2-Clause)
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR Apache-2.0)
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR MPL-1.1)
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-1.0+ OR BSD-3-Clause OR OpenSSL)
> +
> +   AND should be used if the file has multiple licenses whose terms all
> +   apply to use the file. For example, if code is inherited from another
> +   project and permission has been given to put it in the kernel, but the
> +   original license terms need to remain in effect::
> +
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT
> +
> +   Another other example where both sets of license terms need to be
> +   adhered to is::
> +
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-1.0+ AND LGPL-2.1+
> +
> +License identifiers
> +-------------------
> +
> +The licenses currently used, as well as the licenses for code added to the
> +kernel, can be broken down into:
> +
> +1. _`Preferred licenses`:
> +
> +   Whenever possible these licenses should be used as they are known to be
> +   fully compatible and widely used.  These licenses are available from the
> +   directory::
> +
> +      LICENSES/preferred/
> +
> +   in the kernel source tree.
> +
> +   The files in this directory contain the full license text and
> +   `Metatags`_.  The file names are identical to the SPDX license
> +   identifier which shall be used for the license in source files.
> +
> +   Examples::
> +
> +      LICENSES/preferred/GPL-2.0
> +
> +   Contains the GPL version 2 license text and the required metatags::
> +
> +      LICENSES/preferred/MIT
> +
> +   Contains the MIT license text and the required metatags
> +
> +   _`Metatags`:
> +
> +   The following meta tags must be available in a license file:
> +
> +   - Valid-License-Identifier:
> +
> +     One or more lines which declare which License Identifiers are valid
> +     inside the project to reference this particular license text.  Usually
> +     this is a single valid identifier, but e.g. for licenses with the 'or
> +     later' options two identifiers are valid.
> +
> +   - SPDX-URL:
> +
> +     The URL of the SPDX page which contains additional information related
> +     to the license.
> +
> +   - Usage-Guidance:
> +
> +     Freeform text for usage advice. The text must include correct examples
> +     for the SPDX license identifiers as they should be put into source
> +     files according to the `License identifier syntax`_ guidelines.
> +
> +   - License-Text:
> +
> +     All text after this tag is treated as the original license text
> +
> +   File format examples::
> +
> +      Valid-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +      Valid-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
> +      SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/GPL-2.0.html
> +      Usage-Guide:
> +        To use this license in source code, put one of the following SPDX
> +	tag/value pairs into a comment according to the placement
> +	guidelines in the licensing rules documentation.
> +	For 'GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 only' use:
> +	  SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +	For 'GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 or any later version' use:
> +	  SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
> +      License-Text:
> +        Full license text
> +
> +   ::
> +
> +      SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
> +      SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/MIT.html
> +      Usage-Guide:
> +	To use this license in source code, put the following SPDX
> +	tag/value pair into a comment according to the placement
> +	guidelines in the licensing rules documentation.
> +	  SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
> +      License-Text:
> +        Full license text
> +
> +|
> +
> +2. Not recommended licenses:
> +
> +   These licenses should only be used for existing code or for importing
> +   code from a different project.  These licenses are available from the
> +   directory::
> +
> +      LICENSES/other/
> +
> +   in the kernel source tree.
> +
> +   The files in this directory contain the full license text and
> +   `Metatags`_.  The file names are identical to the SPDX license
> +   identifier which shall be used for the license in source files.
> +
> +   Examples::
> +
> +      LICENSES/other/ISC
> +
> +   Contains the Internet Systems Consortium license text and the required
> +   metatags::
> +
> +      LICENSES/other/ZLib
> +
> +   Contains the ZLIB license text and the required metatags.
> +
> +   Metatags:
> +
> +   The metatag requirements for 'other' licenses are identical to the
> +   requirements of the `Preferred licenses`_.
> +
> +   File format example::
> +
> +      Valid-License-Identifier: ISC
> +      SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/ISC.html
> +      Usage-Guide:
> +        Usage of this license in the kernel for new code is discouraged
> +	and it should solely be used for importing code from an already
> +	existing project.
> +        To use this license in source code, put the following SPDX
> +	tag/value pair into a comment according to the placement
> +	guidelines in the licensing rules documentation.
> +	  SPDX-License-Identifier: ISC
> +      License-Text:
> +        Full license text
> +
> +|
> +
> +3. _`Exceptions`:
> +
> +   Some licenses can be amended with exceptions which grant certain rights
> +   which the original license does not.  These exceptions are available
> +   from the directory::
> +
> +      LICENSES/exceptions/
> +
> +   in the kernel source tree.  The files in this directory contain the full
> +   exception text and the required `Exception Metatags`_.
> +
> +   Examples::
> +
> +      LICENSES/exceptions/Linux-syscall-note
> +
> +   Contains the Linux syscall exception as documented in the COPYING
> +   file of the Linux kernel, which is used for UAPI header files.
> +   e.g. /\* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note \*/::
> +
> +      LICENSES/exceptions/GCC-exception-2.0
> +
> +   Contains the GCC 'linking exception' which allows to link any binary
> +   independent of its license against the compiled version of a file marked
> +   with this exception. This is required for creating runnable executables
> +   from source code which is not compatible with the GPL.
> +
> +   _`Exception Metatags`:
> +
> +   The following meta tags must be available in an exception file:
> +
> +   - SPDX-Exception-Identifier:
> +
> +     One exception identifier which can be used with SPDX license
> +     identifiers.
> +
> +   - SPDX-URL:
> +
> +     The URL of the SPDX page which contains additional information related
> +     to the exception.
> +
> +   - SPDX-Licenses:
> +
> +     A comma separated list of SPDX license identifiers for which the
> +     exception can be used.
> +
> +   - Usage-Guidance:
> +
> +     Freeform text for usage advice. The text must be followed by correct
> +     examples for the SPDX license identifiers as they should be put into
> +     source files according to the `License identifier syntax`_ guidelines.
> +
> +   - Exception-Text:
> +
> +     All text after this tag is treated as the original exception text
> +
> +   File format examples::
> +
> +      SPDX-Exception-Identifier: Linux-syscall-note
> +      SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/Linux-syscall-note.html
> +      SPDX-Licenses: GPL-2.0, GPL-2.0+, GPL-1.0+, LGPL-2.0, LGPL-2.0+, LGPL-2.1, LGPL-2.1+
> +      Usage-Guidance:
> +        This exception is used together with one of the above SPDX-Licenses
> +	to mark user-space API (uapi) header files so they can be included
> +	into non GPL compliant user-space application code.
> +        To use this exception add it with the keyword WITH to one of the
> +	identifiers in the SPDX-Licenses tag:
> +	  SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX-License> WITH Linux-syscall-note
> +      Exception-Text:
> +        Full exception text
> +
> +   ::
> +
> +      SPDX-Exception-Identifier: GCC-exception-2.0
> +      SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/GCC-exception-2.0.html
> +      SPDX-Licenses: GPL-2.0, GPL-2.0+
> +      Usage-Guidance:
> +        The "GCC Runtime Library exception 2.0" is used together with one
> +	of the above SPDX-Licenses for code imported from the GCC runtime
> +	library.
> +        To use this exception add it with the keyword WITH to one of the
> +	identifiers in the SPDX-Licenses tag:
> +	  SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX-License> WITH GCC-exception-2.0
> +      Exception-Text:
> +        Full exception text
> +
> +
> +All SPDX license identifiers and exceptions must have a corresponding file
> +in the LICENSE subdirectories. This is required to allow tool
> +verification (e.g. checkpatch.pl) and to have the licenses ready to read
> +and extract right from the source, which is recommended by various FOSS
> +organizations, e.g. the `FSFE REUSE initiative <https://reuse.software/>`_.
> 
> 
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[patch V5 02/11] LICENSES: Add the GPL 2.0 license

[Thomas Gleixner]

[-- Attachment #1: LICENSES_Add_the_GPL_2.0_license.patch --]
[-- Type: text/plain, Size: 21301 bytes --]

Add the full text of the GPL 2.0 license to the LICENSES directory.  It was
copied directly from the COPYING file in the kernel source tree as it
differs from the public available version of the license in various places
including the FSF.

Philippe did some research on the GPL2.0 history:

  There is NO trustworthy version of an official GPL 2.0 text: the FSF
  official texts are all fubar (if only in small and subtle ways). The FSF
  texts should be authoritative, but then which one? They published more
  GPL 2.0 versions than most. So we would be hard pressed to blame SPDX or
  the OSI for having their own minor variant.

  Then in digging further, I found the ONE true original GPL with a file
  time stamp on June 2 1991, 01:50 (AM?, PM? unknown time zone?)  ! in an
  old GCC archive.

  For the posterity and everyone's enjoyment I have built a git history
  of GPL 2.0 Mark1 to Mark6

  See https://github.com/pombredanne/gpl-history/commits/master/COPYING

  I also added a shorter history of the Linux COPYING text. The first
  version in Linus's git tree is based on the very fine and well tuned GPL
  2 Mark4, the first fully Y2K compliant version of the GPL 2, as you can
  see from the diffs with the former Mark3: that was dangerously stuck in
  the last century.

  The current version in is based on a rare GPL 2.0 Mark5.1 aka "Franklin
  St", that I do not have in my history yet and spells "Franklin St."
  rather than "Franklin Street."  Therefore there is likely another GPL 2.0
  version between Mark4 and Mark5 that I have yet to find and may not have
  been caught by the archive.org spiders. Here help and patches welcomed:
  this is likely an important missing link.

  Further information about this archaelogical research;
  
  http://lkml.kernel.org/r/CAOFm3uEzRMf261+O-Nm+9HDoEn9RbFjH=5J9i1C2GgMUg2G4LA@mail.gmail.com

Add the required tags for reference and tooling.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Jonas Oberg <jonas@fsfe.org>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>

---
 LICENSES/preferred/GPL-2.0 |  353 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 353 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 LICENSES/GPL-2.0

--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSES/preferred/GPL-2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+Valid-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+Valid-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/GPL-2.0.html
+Usage-Guide:
+  To use this license in source code, put one of the following SPDX
+  tag/value pairs into a comment according to the placement
+  guidelines in the licensing rules documentation.
+  For 'GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 only' use:
+    SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+  For 'GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 or any later version' use:
+    SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+License-Text:
+
+		    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+		       Version 2, June 1991
+
+ Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+                       51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+			    Preamble
+
+  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
+freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
+License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
+software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
+General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
+Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
+using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
+the GNU Library General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
+your programs, too.
+
+  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
+price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
+have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
+this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
+if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
+in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
+
+  To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
+anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
+These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
+distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
+
+  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
+gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
+you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
+source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their
+rights.
+
+  We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
+(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
+distribute and/or modify the software.
+
+  Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
+that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
+software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
+want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
+that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
+authors' reputations.
+
+  Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
+patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
+program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
+program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
+patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
+
+  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
+modification follow.
+\f
+		    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
+
+  0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
+a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
+under the terms of this General Public License.  The "Program", below,
+refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
+means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
+that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
+either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
+language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
+the term "modification".)  Each licensee is addressed as "you".
+
+Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
+covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act of
+running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
+is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
+Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
+Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
+
+  1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
+source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
+conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
+copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
+notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
+and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
+along with the Program.
+
+You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
+you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
+
+  2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
+of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
+distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
+above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
+
+    a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
+    stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
+
+    b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
+    whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
+    part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
+    parties under the terms of this License.
+
+    c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
+    when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
+    interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
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+    notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
+    a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
+    these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
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+    the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
+\f
+These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If
+identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
+and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
+themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
+sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you
+distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
+on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
+this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
+entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
+
+Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
+your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
+exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
+collective works based on the Program.
+
+In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
+with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
+a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
+the scope of this License.
+
+  3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
+under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
+Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
+
+    a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
+    source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
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+
+    b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
+    years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
+    cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
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+    customarily used for software interchange; or,
+
+    c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
+    to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative is
+    allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
+    received the program in object code or executable form with such
+    an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
+
+The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
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+
+If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
+access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
+access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
+distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
+compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
+\f
+  4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
+except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
+otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
+void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
+However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
+this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
+parties remain in full compliance.
+
+  5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
+signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
+distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions are
+prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by
+modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
+Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
+all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
+the Program or works based on it.
+
+  6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
+Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
+original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
+these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further
+restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
+You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
+this License.
+
+  7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
+infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
+conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
+otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
+excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot
+distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
+License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
+may not distribute the Program at all.  For example, if a patent
+license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
+all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
+the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
+refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
+
+If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
+any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
+apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
+circumstances.
+
+It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
+patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
+such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
+integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
+implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made
+generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
+through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
+system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
+to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
+impose that choice.
+
+This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
+be a consequence of the rest of this License.
+\f
+  8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
+certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
+original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
+may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
+those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
+countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates
+the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
+
+  9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
+of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
+be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
+address new problems or concerns.
+
+Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program
+specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
+later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
+either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
+Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of
+this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
+Foundation.
+
+  10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
+programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
+to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the Free
+Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
+make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals
+of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
+of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
+
+			    NO WARRANTY
+
+  11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
+FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN
+OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
+PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
+OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS
+TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE
+PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
+REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+  12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
+WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
+REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
+INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
+OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
+YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
+PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+		     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+\f
+	    How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+    Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
+when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+    Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
+    Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
+parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the commands you use may
+be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
+mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
+
+You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
+school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
+necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:
+
+  Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
+  `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
+
+  <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
+  Ty Coon, President of Vice
+
+This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
+proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may
+consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
+library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
+Public License instead of this License.

Re: [patch V5 02/11] LICENSES: Add the GPL 2.0 license

[Philippe Ombredanne]

Thomas,

On Thu, Dec 28, 2017 at 4:27 PM, Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> wrote:
> Add the full text of the GPL 2.0 license to the LICENSES directory.  It was
> copied directly from the COPYING file in the kernel source tree as it
> differs from the public available version of the license in various places
> including the FSF.
>
> Philippe did some research on the GPL2.0 history:
>
>   There is NO trustworthy version of an official GPL 2.0 text: the FSF
>   official texts are all fubar (if only in small and subtle ways). The FSF
>   texts should be authoritative, but then which one? They published more
>   GPL 2.0 versions than most. So we would be hard pressed to blame SPDX or
>   the OSI for having their own minor variant.
>
>   Then in digging further, I found the ONE true original GPL with a file
>   time stamp on June 2 1991, 01:50 (AM?, PM? unknown time zone?)  ! in an
>   old GCC archive.
>
>   For the posterity and everyone's enjoyment I have built a git history
>   of GPL 2.0 Mark1 to Mark6
>
>   See https://github.com/pombredanne/gpl-history/commits/master/COPYING
>
>   I also added a shorter history of the Linux COPYING text. The first
>   version in Linus's git tree is based on the very fine and well tuned GPL
>   2 Mark4, the first fully Y2K compliant version of the GPL 2, as you can
>   see from the diffs with the former Mark3: that was dangerously stuck in
>   the last century.
>
>   The current version in is based on a rare GPL 2.0 Mark5.1 aka "Franklin
>   St", that I do not have in my history yet and spells "Franklin St."
>   rather than "Franklin Street."  Therefore there is likely another GPL 2.0
>   version between Mark4 and Mark5 that I have yet to find and may not have
>   been caught by the archive.org spiders. Here help and patches welcomed:
>   this is likely an important missing link.
>
>   Further information about this archaelogical research;
>
>   http://lkml.kernel.org/r/CAOFm3uEzRMf261+O-Nm+9HDoEn9RbFjH=5J9i1C2GgMUg2G4LA@mail.gmail.com
>
> Add the required tags for reference and tooling.
>
> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
> Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
> Reviewed-by: Jonas Oberg <jonas@fsfe.org>
> Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
>
> ---
>  LICENSES/preferred/GPL-2.0 |  353 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  1 file changed, 353 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 LICENSES/GPL-2.0
>
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/LICENSES/preferred/GPL-2.0
> @@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
> +Valid-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +Valid-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
> +SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/GPL-2.0.html
> +Usage-Guide:
> +  To use this license in source code, put one of the following SPDX
> +  tag/value pairs into a comment according to the placement
> +  guidelines in the licensing rules documentation.
> +  For 'GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 only' use:
> +    SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +  For 'GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 or any later version' use:
> +    SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
> +License-Text:
> +
> +                   GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
> +                      Version 2, June 1991
> +
> + Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
> +                       51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
> + Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
> + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
> +
> +                           Preamble
> +
> +  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
> +freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
> +License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
> +software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
> +General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
> +Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
> +using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
> +the GNU Library General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
> +your programs, too.
> +
> +  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
> +price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
> +have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
> +this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
> +if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
> +in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
> +
> +  To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
> +anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
> +These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
> +distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
> +
> +  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
> +gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
> +you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
> +source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their
> +rights.
> +
> +  We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
> +(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
> +distribute and/or modify the software.
> +
> +  Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
> +that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
> +software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
> +want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
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> +
> +  Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
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> +
> +  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
> +modification follow.
> +
> +                   GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
> +   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
> +
> +  0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
> +a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
> +under the terms of this General Public License.  The "Program", below,
> +refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
> +means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
> +that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
> +either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
> +language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
> +the term "modification".)  Each licensee is addressed as "you".
> +
> +Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
> +covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act of
> +running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
> +is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
> +Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
> +Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
> +
> +  1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
> +source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
> +conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
> +copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
> +notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
> +and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
> +along with the Program.
> +
> +You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
> +you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
> +
> +  2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
> +of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
> +distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
> +above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
> +
> +    a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
> +    stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
> +
> +    b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
> +    whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
> +    part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
> +    parties under the terms of this License.
> +
> +    c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
> +    when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
> +    interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
> +    announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
> +    notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
> +    a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
> +    these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
> +    License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
> +    does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
> +    the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
> +
> +These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If
> +identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
> +and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
> +themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
> +sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you
> +distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
> +on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
> +this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
> +entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
> +
> +Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
> +your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
> +exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
> +collective works based on the Program.
> +
> +In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
> +with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
> +a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
> +the scope of this License.
> +
> +  3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
> +under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
> +Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
> +
> +    a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
> +    source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
> +    1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
> +
> +    b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
> +    years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
> +    cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
> +    machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
> +    distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
> +    customarily used for software interchange; or,
> +
> +    c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
> +    to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative is
> +    allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
> +    received the program in object code or executable form with such
> +    an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
> +
> +The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
> +making modifications to it.  For an executable work, complete source
> +code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
> +associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
> +control compilation and installation of the executable.  However, as a
> +special exception, the source code distributed need not include
> +anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
> +form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
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> +itself accompanies the executable.
> +
> +If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
> +access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
> +access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
> +distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
> +compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
> +
> +  4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
> +except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
> +otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
> +void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
> +However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
> +this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
> +parties remain in full compliance.
> +
> +  5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
> +signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
> +distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions are
> +prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by
> +modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
> +Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
> +all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
> +the Program or works based on it.
> +
> +  6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
> +Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
> +original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
> +these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further
> +restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
> +You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
> +this License.
> +
> +  7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
> +infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
> +conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
> +otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
> +excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot
> +distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
> +License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
> +may not distribute the Program at all.  For example, if a patent
> +license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
> +all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
> +the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
> +refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
> +
> +If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
> +any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
> +apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
> +circumstances.
> +
> +It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
> +patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
> +such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
> +integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
> +implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made
> +generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
> +through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
> +system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
> +to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
> +impose that choice.
> +
> +This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
> +be a consequence of the rest of this License.
> +
> +  8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
> +certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
> +original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
> +may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
> +those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
> +countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates
> +the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
> +
> +  9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
> +of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
> +be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
> +address new problems or concerns.
> +
> +Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program
> +specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
> +later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
> +either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
> +Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of
> +this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
> +Foundation.
> +
> +  10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
> +programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
> +to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the Free
> +Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
> +make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals
> +of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
> +of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
> +
> +                           NO WARRANTY
> +
> +  11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
> +FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN
> +OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
> +PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
> +OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
> +MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS
> +TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE
> +PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
> +REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
> +
> +  12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
> +WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
> +REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
> +INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
> +OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
> +TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
> +YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
> +PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
> +POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
> +
> +                    END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
> +
> +           How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
> +
> +  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
> +possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
> +free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
> +
> +  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
> +to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
> +convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
> +the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
> +
> +    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
> +    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
> +
> +    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
> +    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
> +    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
> +    (at your option) any later version.
> +
> +    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
> +    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
> +    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
> +    GNU General Public License for more details.
> +
> +    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
> +    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
> +    Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
> +
> +
> +Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
> +
> +If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
> +when it starts in an interactive mode:
> +
> +    Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
> +    Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
> +    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
> +    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
> +
> +The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
> +parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the commands you use may
> +be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
> +mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
> +
> +You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
> +school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
> +necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:
> +
> +  Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
> +  `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
> +
> +  <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
> +  Ty Coon, President of Vice
> +
> +This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
> +proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may
> +consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
> +library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
> +Public License instead of this License.
>
>

My review still stands in this updated version. Thanks :D

Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>

-- 
Cordially
Philippe Ombredanne

Re: [patch V5 02/11] LICENSES: Add the GPL 2.0 license

[Carmen Bianca Bakker]

[-- Attachment #1.1: Type: text/plain, Size: 700 bytes --]

Hi all,

Since December, `GPL-2.0` is no longer the correct identifier for the
licence.  The American FSF has been in talks with the SPDX Workgroup to
change it to `GPL-2.0-only`.

See the rationale here:

https://www.gnu.org/licenses/identify-licenses-clearly.html

See the new canonical licence list here:

https://spdx.org/licenses/

This change is valid for all GPL licences.  Similarly, `GPL-2.0+` has
been changed to `GPL-2.0-or-later`.

I believe that this patch should be changed to reflect that.  The
identifiers used in this patch are still valid, but deprecated.

Yours sincerely,

-- 
Carmen Bianca Bakker
Technical Intern
Free Software Foundation Europe e.V.


[-- Attachment #2: OpenPGP digital signature --]
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Re: [patch V5 02/11] LICENSES: Add the GPL 2.0 license

[Philippe Ombredanne]

Carmen,

On Thu, Jan 4, 2018 at 5:25 PM, Carmen Bianca Bakker
<carmenbianca@fsfe.org> wrote:
> Hi all,
>
> Since December, `GPL-2.0` is no longer the correct identifier for the
> licence.  The American FSF has been in talks with the SPDX Workgroup to
> change it to `GPL-2.0-only`.
>
> See the rationale here:
>
> https://www.gnu.org/licenses/identify-licenses-clearly.html
>
> See the new canonical licence list here:
>
> https://spdx.org/licenses/
>
> This change is valid for all GPL licences.  Similarly, `GPL-2.0+` has
> been changed to `GPL-2.0-or-later`.

This is exactly to insulate against these kinds of changes that this
doc patch exists in the first place and documents what things mean for
the kernel.

> I believe that this patch should be changed to reflect that.  The
> identifiers used in this patch are still valid, but deprecated.

Kernel-wise I do not think we can be assume that changes such as these
could be implemented right away so there is no need to change the doc
at this stage.
For now the kernel doc is the reference and nothing else. So this
patch should NOT be changed IMHO at least not now.
Eventually this could happen in the future, but not out of order with
actual patches to update the code and tooling and certainly not now.

-- 
Cordially
Philippe Ombredanne

[patch V5 03/11] LICENSES: Add the LGPL 2.0 license

[Thomas Gleixner]

[-- Attachment #1: LICENSES--Add-the-LGPL-2.0-license.patch --]
[-- Type: text/plain, Size: 27348 bytes --]

Add the full text of the LGPL 2.0 license to the kernel tree.  It was
copied directly from:

   https://spdx.org/licenses/LGPL-2.0.html#licenseText

Add the required tags for reference and tooling.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

---
 LICENSES/preferred/LGPL-2.0 |  487 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 487 insertions(+)

--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSES/preferred/LGPL-2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,487 @@
+Valid-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.0
+Valid-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.0+
+SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/LGPL-2.0.html
+Usage-Guide:
+  To use this license in source code, put one of the following SPDX
+  tag/value pairs into a comment according to the placement
+  guidelines in the licensing rules documentation.
+  For 'GNU Library General Public License (LGPL) version 2.0 only' use:
+    SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.0
+  For 'GNU Library General Public License (LGPL) version 2.0 or any later
+  version' use:
+    SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.0+
+License-Text:
+
+GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+Version 2, June 1991
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+Copyright (C) year name of author
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+
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+
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+
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+
+Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in
+the library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written
+by James Random Hacker.
+
+signature of Ty Coon, 1 April 1990
+Ty Coon, President of Vice
+
+That's all there is to it!

[patch V5 04/11] LICENSES: Add the LGPL-2.1 license

[Thomas Gleixner]

[-- Attachment #1: LICENSES--Add-the-LGPL-2.1-license.patch --]
[-- Type: text/plain, Size: 28532 bytes --]

Add the full text of the LGPL 2.1 license to the kernel tree.  It was
copied directly from:

   https://spdx.org/licenses/LGPL-2.1.html#licenseText

Add the required tags for reference and tooling.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>


---
 LICENSES/preferred/LGPL-2.1 |  503 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 503 insertions(+)

--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSES/preferred/LGPL-2.1
@@ -0,0 +1,503 @@
+Valid-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1
+Valid-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+
+SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/LGPL-2.1.html
+Usage-Guide:
+  To use this license in source code, put one of the following SPDX
+  tag/value pairs into a comment according to the placement
+  guidelines in the licensing rules documentation.
+  For 'GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) version 2.1 only' use:
+    SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1
+  For 'GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) version 2.1 or any later
+  version' use:
+    SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+
+License-Text:
+
+GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+Version 2.1, February 1999
+
+Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
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+signature of Ty Coon, 1 April 1990
+Ty Coon, President of Vice
+That's all there is to it!

[patch V5 05/11] LICENSES: Add the BSD 2-clause "Simplified" license

[Thomas Gleixner]

[-- Attachment #1: LICENSES_Add_the_BSD_2-clause_Simplified_license.patch --]
[-- Type: text/plain, Size: 2345 bytes --]

Add the full text of the BSD 2-clause "Simplified" license to the kernel
tree.  It was copied directly from:

   https://spdx.org/licenses/BSD-2-Clause.html#licenseText

Add the required tags for reference and tooling.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

---
 LICENSES/preferred/BSD-2-Clause |   32 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 32 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 LICENSES/BSD-2-Clause

--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSES/preferred/BSD-2-Clause
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+Valid-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/BSD-2-Clause.html
+Usage-Guide:
+  To use the BSD 2-clause "Simplified" License put the following SPDX
+  tag/value pair into a comment according to the placement guidelines in
+  the licensing rules documentation:
+    SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+License-Text:
+
+Copyright (c) <year> <owner> . All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

[patch V5 06/11] LICENSES: Add the BSD 3-clause "New" or "Revised" License

[Thomas Gleixner]

[-- Attachment #1: LICENSES_Add_the_BSD_3-clause_New_Revised_license.patch --]
[-- Type: text/plain, Size: 2562 bytes --]

Add the full text of the BSD 3-clause "New" or "Revised" License to the
kernel tree.  It was copied directly from:

  https://spdx.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause.html#licenseText

Add the required tags for reference and tooling.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

---
 LICENSES/preferred/BSD-3-Clause |   36 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 36 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 LICENSES/BSD-3-Clause

--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSES/preferred/BSD-3-Clause
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+Valid-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause.html
+Usage-Guide:
+  To use the BSD 3-clause "New" or "Revised" License put the following SPDX
+  tag/value pair into a comment according to the placement guidelines in
+  the licensing rules documentation:
+    SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+License-Text:
+
+Copyright (c) <year> <owner> . All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+   contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
+   software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

[patch V5 07/11] LICENSES: Add the BSD-3-clause "Clear" license

[Thomas Gleixner]

[-- Attachment #1: LICENSES--Add-the-BSD-3-clause-Clear-license.patch --]
[-- Type: text/plain, Size: 2708 bytes --]

Add the full text of the BSD 3-clause "Clear" License to the
kernel tree.  It was copied directly from:

  https://spdx.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause-Clear.html

Add the required tags for reference and tooling.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

---
 LICENSES/preferred/BSD-3-Clause-Clear |   41 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 41 insertions(+)

--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSES/preferred/BSD-3-Clause-Clear
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+Valid-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause-Clear
+SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause-Clear.html
+Usage-Guide:
+  To use the BSD 3-clause "Clear" License put the following SPDX
+  tag/value pair into a comment according to the placement guidelines in
+  the licensing rules documentation:
+    SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause-Clear
+License-Text:
+
+The Clear BSD License
+
+Copyright (c) [xxxx]-[xxxx] [Owner Organization]
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted (subject to the limitations in the disclaimer
+below) provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+ * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+ * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+ * Neither the name of [Owner Organization] nor the names of its
+   contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+   this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED LICENSES TO ANY PARTY'S PATENT RIGHTS ARE GRANTED BY
+THIS LICENSE. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
+CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT
+NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER
+OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
+OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
+WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
+OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
+ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

[patch V5 08/11] LICENSES: Add the MIT license

[Thomas Gleixner]

[-- Attachment #1: LICENSES_Add_the_MIT_license.patch --]
[-- Type: text/plain, Size: 2013 bytes --]

Add the full text of the MIT license to the kernel tree.  It was copied
directly from:

  https://spdx.org/licenses/MIT.html#licenseText

Add the required tags for reference and tooling.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

---
 LICENSES/preferred/MIT |   30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 LICENSES/MIT

--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSES/preferred/MIT
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+Valid-License-Identifier: MIT
+SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/MIT.html
+Usage-Guide:
+  To use the MIT License put the following SPDX tag/value pair into a
+  comment according to the placement guidelines in the licensing rules
+  documentation:
+    SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+License-Text:
+
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) <year> <copyright holders>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

[patch V5 09/11] LICENSES: Add Linux syscall note exception

[Thomas Gleixner]

[-- Attachment #1: LICENSES--Add-Linux-syscall-note-exception.patch --]
[-- Type: text/plain, Size: 1762 bytes --]

Copied from the Linux kernel COPYING file.

Add the required tags for reference and tooling.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

---
 LICENSES/exceptions/Linux-syscall-note |   25 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+)

--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSES/exceptions/Linux-syscall-note
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+SPDX-Exception-Identifier: Linux-syscall-note
+SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/Linux-syscall-note.html
+SPDX-Licenses: GPL-2.0, GPL-2.0+, GPL-1.0+, LGPL-2.0, LGPL-2.0+, LGPL-2.1, LGPL-2.1+
+Usage-Guide:
+  This exception is used together with one of the above SPDX-Licenses
+  to mark user space API (uapi) header files so they can be included
+  into non GPL compliant user space application code.
+  To use this exception add it with the keyword WITH to one of the
+  identifiers in the SPDX-Licenses tag:
+    SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX-License> WITH Linux-syscall-note
+License-Text:
+
+   NOTE! This copyright does *not* cover user programs that use kernel
+ services by normal system calls - this is merely considered normal use
+ of the kernel, and does *not* fall under the heading of "derived work".
+ Also note that the GPL below is copyrighted by the Free Software
+ Foundation, but the instance of code that it refers to (the Linux
+ kernel) is copyrighted by me and others who actually wrote it.
+
+ Also note that the only valid version of the GPL as far as the kernel
+ is concerned is _this_ particular version of the license (ie v2, not
+ v2.2 or v3.x or whatever), unless explicitly otherwise stated.
+
+			Linus Torvalds
+

[patch V5 10/11] LICENSES: Add the GPL 1.0 license

[Thomas Gleixner]

[-- Attachment #1: LICENSES_Add_the_GPL_1.0_license.patch --]
[-- Type: text/plain, Size: 13881 bytes --]

Add the full text of the GPL 1.0 license to the kernel tree.  It was
copied directly from:

       https://spdx.org/licenses/GPL-1.0.html#licenseText

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

---
 LICENSES/other/GPL-1.0 |  260 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 260 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 LICENSES/GPL-1.0

--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSES/other/GPL-1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+Valid-License-Identifier: GPL-1.0+
+SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/GPL-1.0.html
+Usage-Guide:
+  The GNU General Public License (GPL) version 1 should not be used in new
+  code. For existing kernel code the 'or any later version' option is
+  required to be compatible with the general license of the project: GPLv2.
+  To use the license in source code, put the following SPDX tag/value pair
+  into a comment according to the placement guidelines in the licensing
+  rules documentation:
+    SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-1.0+
+License-Text:
+
+	    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+	     Version 1, February 1989
+
+ Copyright (C) 1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+                    675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+			    Preamble
+
+  The license agreements of most software companies try to keep users
+at the mercy of those companies.  By contrast, our General Public
+License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
+software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  The
+General Public License applies to the Free Software Foundation's
+software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it.
+You can use it for your programs, too.
+
+  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
+price.  Specifically, the General Public License is designed to make
+sure that you have the freedom to give away or sell copies of free
+software, that you receive source code or can get it if you want it,
+that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free
+programs; and that you know you can do these things.
+
+  To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
+anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
+These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
+distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
+
+  For example, if you distribute copies of a such a program, whether
+gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
+you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
+source code.  And you must tell them their rights.
+
+  We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
+(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
+distribute and/or modify the software.
+
+  Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
+that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
+software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
+want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
+that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
+authors' reputations.
+
+  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
+modification follow.
+
+		    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
+
+  0. This License Agreement applies to any program or other work which
+contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be
+distributed under the terms of this General Public License.  The
+"Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based
+on the Program" means either the Program or any work containing the
+Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications.  Each
+licensee is addressed as "you".
+
+  1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source
+code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
+appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and
+disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this
+General Public License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any
+other recipients of the Program a copy of this General Public License
+along with the Program.  You may charge a fee for the physical act of
+transferring a copy.
+
+  2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of
+it, and copy and distribute such modifications under the terms of Paragraph
+1 above, provided that you also do the following:
+
+    a) cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that
+    you changed the files and the date of any change; and
+
+    b) cause the whole of any work that you distribute or publish, that
+    in whole or in part contains the Program or any part thereof, either
+    with or without modifications, to be licensed at no charge to all
+    third parties under the terms of this General Public License (except
+    that you may choose to grant warranty protection to some or all
+    third parties, at your option).
+
+    c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when
+    run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use
+    in the simplest and most usual way, to print or display an
+    announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice
+    that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a
+    warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these
+    conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this General
+    Public License.
+
+    d) You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a
+    copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in
+    exchange for a fee.
+
+Mere aggregation of another independent work with the Program (or its
+derivative) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring
+the other work under the scope of these terms.
+
+  3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a portion or derivative of
+it, under Paragraph 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
+Paragraphs 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
+
+    a) accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
+    source code, which must be distributed under the terms of
+    Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or,
+
+    b) accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
+    years, to give any third party free (except for a nominal charge
+    for the cost of distribution) a complete machine-readable copy of the
+    corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of
+    Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or,
+
+    c) accompany it with the information you received as to where the
+    corresponding source code may be obtained.  (This alternative is
+    allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
+    received the program in object code or executable form alone.)
+
+Source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making
+modifications to it.  For an executable file, complete source code means
+all the source code for all modules it contains; but, as a special
+exception, it need not include source code for modules which are standard
+libraries that accompany the operating system on which the executable
+file runs, or for standard header files or definitions files that
+accompany that operating system.
+
+  4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, distribute or transfer the
+Program except as expressly provided under this General Public License.
+Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, distribute or transfer
+the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights to use
+the Program under this License.  However, parties who have received
+copies, or rights to use copies, from you under this General Public
+License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties
+remain in full compliance.
+
+  5. By copying, distributing or modifying the Program (or any work based
+on the Program) you indicate your acceptance of this license to do so,
+and all its terms and conditions.
+
+  6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
+Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original
+licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these
+terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further restrictions on the
+recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
+
+  7. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
+of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
+be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
+address new problems or concerns.
+
+Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program
+specifies a version number of the license which applies to it and "any
+later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
+either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
+Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of
+the license, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
+Foundation.
+
+  8. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
+programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
+to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the Free
+Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
+make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals
+of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
+of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
+
+			    NO WARRANTY
+
+  9. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
+FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN
+OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
+PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
+OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS
+TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE
+PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
+REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+  10. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
+WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
+REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
+INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
+OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
+YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
+PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+		     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+	Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to humanity, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
+terms.
+
+  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest to
+attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey
+the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
+"copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+    Copyright (C) 19yy  <name of author>
+
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option)
+    any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+    Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
+when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+    Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19xx name of author
+    Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the
+appropriate parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the
+commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show
+c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your
+program.
+
+You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
+school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
+necessary.  Here a sample; alter the names:
+
+  Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the
+  program `Gnomovision' (a program to direct compilers to make passes
+  at assemblers) written by James Hacker.
+
+  <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
+  Ty Coon, President of Vice
+
+That's all there is to it!

[patch V5 11/11] LICENSES: Add MPL-1.1 license

[Thomas Gleixner]

[-- Attachment #1: LICENSES--Add-MPL-1.1-license.patch --]
[-- Type: text/plain, Size: 27135 bytes --]

Add the full text of the Mozilla Public License 1.1 to the kernel tree.  It was
copied directly from:

       https://spdx.org/licenses/MPL-1.1.html#licenseText

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

---
 LICENSES/other/MPL-1.1 |  478 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 478 insertions(+)

--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSES/other/MPL-1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,478 @@
+Valid-License-Identifier: MPL-1.1
+SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/MPL-1.1.html
+Usage-Guide:
+  To use the Mozilla Public License version 1.1 put the following SPDX
+  tag/value pair into a comment according to the placement guidelines in
+  the licensing rules documentation:
+    SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-1.1
+License-Text:
+
+                          MOZILLA PUBLIC LICENSE
+                                Version 1.1
+
+                              ---------------
+
+1. Definitions.
+
+     1.0.1. "Commercial Use" means distribution or otherwise making the
+     Covered Code available to a third party.
+
+     1.1. "Contributor" means each entity that creates or contributes to
+     the creation of Modifications.
+
+     1.2. "Contributor Version" means the combination of the Original
+     Code, prior Modifications used by a Contributor, and the Modifications
+     made by that particular Contributor.
+
+     1.3. "Covered Code" means the Original Code or Modifications or the
+     combination of the Original Code and Modifications, in each case
+     including portions thereof.
+
+     1.4. "Electronic Distribution Mechanism" means a mechanism generally
+     accepted in the software development community for the electronic
+     transfer of data.
+
+     1.5. "Executable" means Covered Code in any form other than Source
+     Code.
+
+     1.6. "Initial Developer" means the individual or entity identified
+     as the Initial Developer in the Source Code notice required by Exhibit
+     A.
+
+     1.7. "Larger Work" means a work which combines Covered Code or
+     portions thereof with code not governed by the terms of this License.
+
+     1.8. "License" means this document.
+
+     1.8.1. "Licensable" means having the right to grant, to the maximum
+     extent possible, whether at the time of the initial grant or
+     subsequently acquired, any and all of the rights conveyed herein.
+
+     1.9. "Modifications" means any addition to or deletion from the
+     substance or structure of either the Original Code or any previous
+     Modifications. When Covered Code is released as a series of files, a
+     Modification is:
+          A. Any addition to or deletion from the contents of a file
+          containing Original Code or previous Modifications.
+
+          B. Any new file that contains any part of the Original Code or
+          previous Modifications.
+
+     1.10. "Original Code" means Source Code of computer software code
+     which is described in the Source Code notice required by Exhibit A as
+     Original Code, and which, at the time of its release under this
+     License is not already Covered Code governed by this License.
+
+     1.10.1. "Patent Claims" means any patent claim(s), now owned or
+     hereafter acquired, including without limitation,  method, process,
+     and apparatus claims, in any patent Licensable by grantor.
+
+     1.11. "Source Code" means the preferred form of the Covered Code for
+     making modifications to it, including all modules it contains, plus
+     any associated interface definition files, scripts used to control
+     compilation and installation of an Executable, or source code
+     differential comparisons against either the Original Code or another
+     well known, available Covered Code of the Contributor's choice. The
+     Source Code can be in a compressed or archival form, provided the
+     appropriate decompression or de-archiving software is widely available
+     for no charge.
+
+     1.12. "You" (or "Your")  means an individual or a legal entity
+     exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this
+     License or a future version of this License issued under Section 6.1.
+     For legal entities, "You" includes any entity which controls, is
+     controlled by, or is under common control with You. For purposes of
+     this definition, "control" means (a) the power, direct or indirect,
+     to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by
+     contract or otherwise, or (b) ownership of more than fifty percent
+     (50%) of the outstanding shares or beneficial ownership of such
+     entity.
+
+2. Source Code License.
+
+     2.1. The Initial Developer Grant.
+     The Initial Developer hereby grants You a world-wide, royalty-free,
+     non-exclusive license, subject to third party intellectual property
+     claims:
+          (a)  under intellectual property rights (other than patent or
+          trademark) Licensable by Initial Developer to use, reproduce,
+          modify, display, perform, sublicense and distribute the Original
+          Code (or portions thereof) with or without Modifications, and/or
+          as part of a Larger Work; and
+
+          (b) under Patents Claims infringed by the making, using or
+          selling of Original Code, to make, have made, use, practice,
+          sell, and offer for sale, and/or otherwise dispose of the
+          Original Code (or portions thereof).
+
+          (c) the licenses granted in this Section 2.1(a) and (b) are
+          effective on the date Initial Developer first distributes
+          Original Code under the terms of this License.
+
+          (d) Notwithstanding Section 2.1(b) above, no patent license is
+          granted: 1) for code that You delete from the Original Code; 2)
+          separate from the Original Code;  or 3) for infringements caused
+          by: i) the modification of the Original Code or ii) the
+          combination of the Original Code with other software or devices.
+
+     2.2. Contributor Grant.
+     Subject to third party intellectual property claims, each Contributor
+     hereby grants You a world-wide, royalty-free, non-exclusive license
+
+          (a)  under intellectual property rights (other than patent or
+          trademark) Licensable by Contributor, to use, reproduce, modify,
+          display, perform, sublicense and distribute the Modifications
+          created by such Contributor (or portions thereof) either on an
+          unmodified basis, with other Modifications, as Covered Code
+          and/or as part of a Larger Work; and
+
+          (b) under Patent Claims infringed by the making, using, or
+          selling of  Modifications made by that Contributor either alone
+          and/or in combination with its Contributor Version (or portions
+          of such combination), to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have
+          made, and/or otherwise dispose of: 1) Modifications made by that
+          Contributor (or portions thereof); and 2) the combination of
+          Modifications made by that Contributor with its Contributor
+          Version (or portions of such combination).
+
+          (c) the licenses granted in Sections 2.2(a) and 2.2(b) are
+          effective on the date Contributor first makes Commercial Use of
+          the Covered Code.
+
+          (d)    Notwithstanding Section 2.2(b) above, no patent license is
+          granted: 1) for any code that Contributor has deleted from the
+          Contributor Version; 2)  separate from the Contributor Version;
+          3)  for infringements caused by: i) third party modifications of
+          Contributor Version or ii)  the combination of Modifications made
+          by that Contributor with other software  (except as part of the
+          Contributor Version) or other devices; or 4) under Patent Claims
+          infringed by Covered Code in the absence of Modifications made by
+          that Contributor.
+
+3. Distribution Obligations.
+
+     3.1. Application of License.
+     The Modifications which You create or to which You contribute are
+     governed by the terms of this License, including without limitation
+     Section 2.2. The Source Code version of Covered Code may be
+     distributed only under the terms of this License or a future version
+     of this License released under Section 6.1, and You must include a
+     copy of this License with every copy of the Source Code You
+     distribute. You may not offer or impose any terms on any Source Code
+     version that alters or restricts the applicable version of this
+     License or the recipients' rights hereunder. However, You may include
+     an additional document offering the additional rights described in
+     Section 3.5.
+
+     3.2. Availability of Source Code.
+     Any Modification which You create or to which You contribute must be
+     made available in Source Code form under the terms of this License
+     either on the same media as an Executable version or via an accepted
+     Electronic Distribution Mechanism to anyone to whom you made an
+     Executable version available; and if made available via Electronic
+     Distribution Mechanism, must remain available for at least twelve (12)
+     months after the date it initially became available, or at least six
+     (6) months after a subsequent version of that particular Modification
+     has been made available to such recipients. You are responsible for
+     ensuring that the Source Code version remains available even if the
+     Electronic Distribution Mechanism is maintained by a third party.
+
+     3.3. Description of Modifications.
+     You must cause all Covered Code to which You contribute to contain a
+     file documenting the changes You made to create that Covered Code and
+     the date of any change. You must include a prominent statement that
+     the Modification is derived, directly or indirectly, from Original
+     Code provided by the Initial Developer and including the name of the
+     Initial Developer in (a) the Source Code, and (b) in any notice in an
+     Executable version or related documentation in which You describe the
+     origin or ownership of the Covered Code.
+
+     3.4. Intellectual Property Matters
+          (a) Third Party Claims.
+          If Contributor has knowledge that a license under a third party's
+          intellectual property rights is required to exercise the rights
+          granted by such Contributor under Sections 2.1 or 2.2,
+          Contributor must include a text file with the Source Code
+          distribution titled "LEGAL" which describes the claim and the
+          party making the claim in sufficient detail that a recipient will
+          know whom to contact. If Contributor obtains such knowledge after
+          the Modification is made available as described in Section 3.2,
+          Contributor shall promptly modify the LEGAL file in all copies
+          Contributor makes available thereafter and shall take other steps
+          (such as notifying appropriate mailing lists or newsgroups)
+          reasonably calculated to inform those who received the Covered
+          Code that new knowledge has been obtained.
+
+          (b) Contributor APIs.
+          If Contributor's Modifications include an application programming
+          interface and Contributor has knowledge of patent licenses which
+          are reasonably necessary to implement that API, Contributor must
+          also include this information in the LEGAL file.
+
+               (c)    Representations.
+          Contributor represents that, except as disclosed pursuant to
+          Section 3.4(a) above, Contributor believes that Contributor's
+          Modifications are Contributor's original creation(s) and/or
+          Contributor has sufficient rights to grant the rights conveyed by
+          this License.
+
+     3.5. Required Notices.
+     You must duplicate the notice in Exhibit A in each file of the Source
+     Code.  If it is not possible to put such notice in a particular Source
+     Code file due to its structure, then You must include such notice in a
+     location (such as a relevant directory) where a user would be likely
+     to look for such a notice.  If You created one or more Modification(s)
+     You may add your name as a Contributor to the notice described in
+     Exhibit A.  You must also duplicate this License in any documentation
+     for the Source Code where You describe recipients' rights or ownership
+     rights relating to Covered Code.  You may choose to offer, and to
+     charge a fee for, warranty, support, indemnity or liability
+     obligations to one or more recipients of Covered Code. However, You
+     may do so only on Your own behalf, and not on behalf of the Initial
+     Developer or any Contributor. You must make it absolutely clear than
+     any such warranty, support, indemnity or liability obligation is
+     offered by You alone, and You hereby agree to indemnify the Initial
+     Developer and every Contributor for any liability incurred by the
+     Initial Developer or such Contributor as a result of warranty,
+     support, indemnity or liability terms You offer.
+
+     3.6. Distribution of Executable Versions.
+     You may distribute Covered Code in Executable form only if the
+     requirements of Section 3.1-3.5 have been met for that Covered Code,
+     and if You include a notice stating that the Source Code version of
+     the Covered Code is available under the terms of this License,
+     including a description of how and where You have fulfilled the
+     obligations of Section 3.2. The notice must be conspicuously included
+     in any notice in an Executable version, related documentation or
+     collateral in which You describe recipients' rights relating to the
+     Covered Code. You may distribute the Executable version of Covered
+     Code or ownership rights under a license of Your choice, which may
+     contain terms different from this License, provided that You are in
+     compliance with the terms of this License and that the license for the
+     Executable version does not attempt to limit or alter the recipient's
+     rights in the Source Code version from the rights set forth in this
+     License. If You distribute the Executable version under a different
+     license You must make it absolutely clear that any terms which differ
+     from this License are offered by You alone, not by the Initial
+     Developer or any Contributor. You hereby agree to indemnify the
+     Initial Developer and every Contributor for any liability incurred by
+     the Initial Developer or such Contributor as a result of any such
+     terms You offer.
+
+     3.7. Larger Works.
+     You may create a Larger Work by combining Covered Code with other code
+     not governed by the terms of this License and distribute the Larger
+     Work as a single product. In such a case, You must make sure the
+     requirements of this License are fulfilled for the Covered Code.
+
+4. Inability to Comply Due to Statute or Regulation.
+
+     If it is impossible for You to comply with any of the terms of this
+     License with respect to some or all of the Covered Code due to
+     statute, judicial order, or regulation then You must: (a) comply with
+     the terms of this License to the maximum extent possible; and (b)
+     describe the limitations and the code they affect. Such description
+     must be included in the LEGAL file described in Section 3.4 and must
+     be included with all distributions of the Source Code. Except to the
+     extent prohibited by statute or regulation, such description must be
+     sufficiently detailed for a recipient of ordinary skill to be able to
+     understand it.
+
+5. Application of this License.
+
+     This License applies to code to which the Initial Developer has
+     attached the notice in Exhibit A and to related Covered Code.
+
+6. Versions of the License.
+
+     6.1. New Versions.
+     Netscape Communications Corporation ("Netscape") may publish revised
+     and/or new versions of the License from time to time. Each version
+     will be given a distinguishing version number.
+
+     6.2. Effect of New Versions.
+     Once Covered Code has been published under a particular version of the
+     License, You may always continue to use it under the terms of that
+     version. You may also choose to use such Covered Code under the terms
+     of any subsequent version of the License published by Netscape. No one
+     other than Netscape has the right to modify the terms applicable to
+     Covered Code created under this License.
+
+     6.3. Derivative Works.
+     If You create or use a modified version of this License (which you may
+     only do in order to apply it to code which is not already Covered Code
+     governed by this License), You must (a) rename Your license so that
+     the phrases "Mozilla", "MOZILLAPL", "MOZPL", "Netscape",
+     "MPL", "NPL" or any confusingly similar phrase do not appear in your
+     license (except to note that your license differs from this License)
+     and (b) otherwise make it clear that Your version of the license
+     contains terms which differ from the Mozilla Public License and
+     Netscape Public License. (Filling in the name of the Initial
+     Developer, Original Code or Contributor in the notice described in
+     Exhibit A shall not of themselves be deemed to be modifications of
+     this License.)
+
+7. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY.
+
+     COVERED CODE IS PROVIDED UNDER THIS LICENSE ON AN "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING,
+     WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES THAT THE COVERED CODE IS FREE OF
+     DEFECTS, MERCHANTABLE, FIT FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGING.
+     THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE COVERED CODE
+     IS WITH YOU. SHOULD ANY COVERED CODE PROVE DEFECTIVE IN ANY RESPECT,
+     YOU (NOT THE INITIAL DEVELOPER OR ANY OTHER CONTRIBUTOR) ASSUME THE
+     COST OF ANY NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. THIS DISCLAIMER
+     OF WARRANTY CONSTITUTES AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THIS LICENSE. NO USE OF
+     ANY COVERED CODE IS AUTHORIZED HEREUNDER EXCEPT UNDER THIS DISCLAIMER.
+
+8. TERMINATION.
+
+     8.1.  This License and the rights granted hereunder will terminate
+     automatically if You fail to comply with terms herein and fail to cure
+     such breach within 30 days of becoming aware of the breach. All
+     sublicenses to the Covered Code which are properly granted shall
+     survive any termination of this License. Provisions which, by their
+     nature, must remain in effect beyond the termination of this License
+     shall survive.
+
+     8.2.  If You initiate litigation by asserting a patent infringement
+     claim (excluding declatory judgment actions) against Initial Developer
+     or a Contributor (the Initial Developer or Contributor against whom
+     You file such action is referred to as "Participant")  alleging that:
+
+     (a)  such Participant's Contributor Version directly or indirectly
+     infringes any patent, then any and all rights granted by such
+     Participant to You under Sections 2.1 and/or 2.2 of this License
+     shall, upon 60 days notice from Participant terminate prospectively,
+     unless if within 60 days after receipt of notice You either: (i)
+     agree in writing to pay Participant a mutually agreeable reasonable
+     royalty for Your past and future use of Modifications made by such
+     Participant, or (ii) withdraw Your litigation claim with respect to
+     the Contributor Version against such Participant.  If within 60 days
+     of notice, a reasonable royalty and payment arrangement are not
+     mutually agreed upon in writing by the parties or the litigation claim
+     is not withdrawn, the rights granted by Participant to You under
+     Sections 2.1 and/or 2.2 automatically terminate at the expiration of
+     the 60 day notice period specified above.
+
+     (b)  any software, hardware, or device, other than such Participant's
+     Contributor Version, directly or indirectly infringes any patent, then
+     any rights granted to You by such Participant under Sections 2.1(b)
+     and 2.2(b) are revoked effective as of the date You first made, used,
+     sold, distributed, or had made, Modifications made by that
+     Participant.
+
+     8.3.  If You assert a patent infringement claim against Participant
+     alleging that such Participant's Contributor Version directly or
+     indirectly infringes any patent where such claim is resolved (such as
+     by license or settlement) prior to the initiation of patent
+     infringement litigation, then the reasonable value of the licenses
+     granted by such Participant under Sections 2.1 or 2.2 shall be taken
+     into account in determining the amount or value of any payment or
+     license.
+
+     8.4.  In the event of termination under Sections 8.1 or 8.2 above,
+     all end user license agreements (excluding distributors and resellers)
+     which have been validly granted by You or any distributor hereunder
+     prior to termination shall survive termination.
+
+9. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY.
+
+     UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES AND UNDER NO LEGAL THEORY, WHETHER TORT
+     (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), CONTRACT, OR OTHERWISE, SHALL YOU, THE INITIAL
+     DEVELOPER, ANY OTHER CONTRIBUTOR, OR ANY DISTRIBUTOR OF COVERED CODE,
+     OR ANY SUPPLIER OF ANY OF SUCH PARTIES, BE LIABLE TO ANY PERSON FOR
+     ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY
+     CHARACTER INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF GOODWILL,
+     WORK STOPPAGE, COMPUTER FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION, OR ANY AND ALL OTHER
+     COMMERCIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES, EVEN IF SUCH PARTY SHALL HAVE BEEN
+     INFORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THIS LIMITATION OF
+     LIABILITY SHALL NOT APPLY TO LIABILITY FOR DEATH OR PERSONAL INJURY
+     RESULTING FROM SUCH PARTY'S NEGLIGENCE TO THE EXTENT APPLICABLE LAW
+     PROHIBITS SUCH LIMITATION. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE
+     EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO
+     THIS EXCLUSION AND LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
+
+10. U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS.
+
+     The Covered Code is a "commercial item," as that term is defined in
+     48 C.F.R. 2.101 (Oct. 1995), consisting of "commercial computer
+     software" and "commercial computer software documentation," as such
+     terms are used in 48 C.F.R. 12.212 (Sept. 1995). Consistent with 48
+     C.F.R. 12.212 and 48 C.F.R. 227.7202-1 through 227.7202-4 (June 1995),
+     all U.S. Government End Users acquire Covered Code with only those
+     rights set forth herein.
+
+11. MISCELLANEOUS.
+
+     This License represents the complete agreement concerning subject
+     matter hereof. If any provision of this License is held to be
+     unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent
+     necessary to make it enforceable. This License shall be governed by
+     California law provisions (except to the extent applicable law, if
+     any, provides otherwise), excluding its conflict-of-law provisions.
+     With respect to disputes in which at least one party is a citizen of,
+     or an entity chartered or registered to do business in the United
+     States of America, any litigation relating to this License shall be
+     subject to the jurisdiction of the Federal Courts of the Northern
+     District of California, with venue lying in Santa Clara County,
+     California, with the losing party responsible for costs, including
+     without limitation, court costs and reasonable attorneys' fees and
+     expenses. The application of the United Nations Convention on
+     Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded.
+     Any law or regulation which provides that the language of a contract
+     shall be construed against the drafter shall not apply to this
+     License.
+
+12. RESPONSIBILITY FOR CLAIMS.
+
+     As between Initial Developer and the Contributors, each party is
+     responsible for claims and damages arising, directly or indirectly,
+     out of its utilization of rights under this License and You agree to
+     work with Initial Developer and Contributors to distribute such
+     responsibility on an equitable basis. Nothing herein is intended or
+     shall be deemed to constitute any admission of liability.
+
+13. MULTIPLE-LICENSED CODE.
+
+     Initial Developer may designate portions of the Covered Code as
+     "Multiple-Licensed".  "Multiple-Licensed" means that the Initial
+     Developer permits you to utilize portions of the Covered Code under
+     Your choice of the MPL or the alternative licenses, if any, specified
+     by the Initial Developer in the file described in Exhibit A.
+
+EXHIBIT A -Mozilla Public License.
+
+     ``The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License
+     Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
+     compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+     https://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
+
+     Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
+     basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
+     License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
+     under the License.
+
+     The Original Code is ______________________________________.
+
+     The Initial Developer of the Original Code is ________________________.
+     Portions created by ______________________ are Copyright (C) ______
+     _______________________. All Rights Reserved.
+
+     Contributor(s): ______________________________________.
+
+     Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the terms
+     of the _____ license (the  "[___] License"), in which case the
+     provisions of [______] License are applicable instead of those
+     above.  If you wish to allow use of your version of this file only
+     under the terms of the [____] License and not to allow others to use
+     your version of this file under the MPL, indicate your decision by
+     deleting  the provisions above and replace  them with the notice and
+     other provisions required by the [___] License.  If you do not delete
+     the provisions above, a recipient may use your version of this file
+     under either the MPL or the [___] License."
+
+     [NOTE: The text of this Exhibit A may differ slightly from the text of
+     the notices in the Source Code files of the Original Code. You should
+     use the text of this Exhibit A rather than the text found in the
+     Original Code Source Code for Your Modifications.]

Re: [patch V5 00/11] LICENSES: Add documentation and initial License files

[Philippe Ombredanne]

Thomas,

On Thu, Dec 28, 2017 at 4:27 PM, Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> wrote:
> This is the 5th version of the licensing rules documentation.
>
> Changes since v4:
>
>  - Made use of boilerplate consistently
>
>  - Fixed the 'braces' inconsistency spotted by Heiko
>
>  - Picked up Reviewed-by tags
>
> Delta patch vs. V4 below.
>
> Thanks to everyone who provided input!
>
> Thanks,
>
>         tglx
>
> 8<---------------
> --- a/Documentation/process/license-rules.rst
> +++ b/Documentation/process/license-rules.rst
> @@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ into any source files which create an ex
>  kernel, the exception must be documented by a special license expression.
>
>  The common way of expressing the license of a source file is to add the
> -matching boiler plate text into the top comment of the file.  Due to
> -formatting, typos etc. these "boiler plates" are hard to validate for
> +matching boilerplate text into the top comment of the file.  Due to
> +formatting, typos etc. these "boilerplates" are hard to validate for
>  tools which are used in the context of license compliance.
>
>  An alternative to boilerplate text is the use of Software Package Data
> @@ -89,9 +89,11 @@ License identifier syntax
>  3. Syntax:
>
>     A <SPDX License Expression> is either an SPDX short form license
> -   identifier found on the SPDX License List, or when multiple licenses
> -   apply, an expression consisting of keywords "AND", "OR", and "WITH"
> -   separating SPDX short form license identifiers surrounded by "(", ")".
> +   identifier found on the SPDX License List, or the combination of two
> +   SPDX short form license identifiers separated by "WITH" when a license
> +   exception applies. When multiple licenses apply, an expression consists
> +   of keywords "AND", "OR" separating sub-expressions and surrounded by
> +   "(", ")" .
>
>     License identifiers for licenses like [L]GPL with the 'or later' option
>     are constructed by using a "+" for indicating the 'or later' option.::
> @@ -102,13 +104,13 @@ License identifier syntax
>     WITH should be used when there is a modifier to a license needed.
>     For example, the linux kernel UAPI files use the expression::
>
> -      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note)
> -      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note)
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note
>
>     Other examples using WITH exceptions found in the kernel are::
>
> -      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 WITH mif-exception)
> -      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0+ WITH GCC-exception-2.0)
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH mif-exception
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH GCC-exception-2.0
>
>     Exceptions can only be used with particular License identifiers. The
>     valid License identifiers are listed in the tags of the exception text
> @@ -119,28 +121,28 @@ License identifier syntax
>     to be selected.  For example, some dtsi files are available under dual
>     licenses::
>
> -      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 OR BSD-3-Clause)
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR BSD-3-Clause
>
>     Examples from the kernel for license expressions in dual licensed files::
>
> -      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 OR MIT)
> -      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 OR BSD-2-Clause)
> -      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 OR Apache-2.0)
> -      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 OR MPL-1.1)
> -      // SPDX-License-Identifier: ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)
> -      // SPDX-License-Identifier: ((GPL-1.0+ OR BSD-3-Clause) OR OpenSSL)
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR MIT
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR BSD-2-Clause
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR Apache-2.0
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR MPL-1.1
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-1.0+ OR BSD-3-Clause OR OpenSSL
>
>     AND should be used if the file has multiple licenses whose terms all
>     apply to use the file. For example, if code is inherited from another
>     project and permission has been given to put it in the kernel, but the
>     original license terms need to remain in effect::
>
> -      // SPDX-License-Identifier: ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT
>
>     Another other example where both sets of license terms need to be
>     adhered to is::
>
> -      // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-1.0+ AND LGPL-2.1+)
> +      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-1.0+ AND LGPL-2.1+
>
>  License identifiers
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I reviewed carefully this updated V5 patch series.

Thank you for pulling this through and I wish you and all kernel
contributors a happy new year: 2018 is going to be The Year of The
Penguin [1] in my personal revised version of the Chinese calendar.

"Intelligent, curious, and social, those born under the sign of the
Penguin love nothing more than coming up with creative solutions to
any kind of problem. This is the sign of thinkers and analysts, those
inquisitive about how everything works. Members of this sign are often
very intellectually advanced at an early age, and this strong desire
to learn drives the majority of their life decisions as they grow up."

And a reminder to all that January 20th is "Penguin Awareness Day" [2]

[1] http://www.primalastrology.com/penguin.html
[2] https://www.daysoftheyear.com/days/penguin-awareness-day/

Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>

-- 
Cordially
Philippe Ombredanne