Re: [PATCH v3 2/2] xfs: set aside allocation btree blocks from block reservation

Darrick J. Wong
2021-03-18T20:32:49Z

On Thu, Mar 18, 2021 at 12:17:07PM -0400, Brian Foster wrote:
> The blocks used for allocation btrees (bnobt and countbt) are
> technically considered free space. This is because as free space is
> used, allocbt blocks are removed and naturally become available for
> traditional allocation. However, this means that a significant
> portion of free space may consist of in-use btree blocks if free
> space is severely fragmented.
>
> On large filesystems with large perag reservations, this can lead to
> a rare but nasty condition where a significant amount of physical
> free space is available, but the majority of actual usable blocks
> consist of in-use allocbt blocks. We have a record of a (~12TB, 32
> AG) filesystem with multiple AGs in a state with ~2.5GB or so free
> blocks tracked across ~300 total allocbt blocks, but effectively at
> 100% full because the the free space is entirely consumed by
> refcountbt perag reservation.
>
> Such a large perag reservation is by design on large filesystems.
> The problem is that because the free space is so fragmented, this AG
> contributes the 300 or so allocbt blocks to the global counters as
> free space. If this pattern repeats across enough AGs, the
> filesystem lands in a state where global block reservation can
> outrun physical block availability. For example, a streaming
> buffered write on the affected filesystem continues to allow delayed
> allocation beyond the point where writeback starts to fail due to
> physical block allocation failures. The expected behavior is for the
> delalloc block reservation to fail gracefully with -ENOSPC before
> physical block allocation failure is a possibility.
>
> To address this problem, introduce an in-core counter to track the
> sum of all allocbt blocks in use by the filesystem. Use the new
> counter to set these blocks aside at reservation time and thus
> ensure they cannot be reserved until truly available. Since this is
> only necessary when perag reservations are active and the counter
> requires a read of each AGF to fully populate, only enforce on perag
> res enabled filesystems. This allows initialization of the counter
> at ->pagf_init time because the perag reservation init code reads
> each AGF at mount time.
>
> Signed-off-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
> ---
> fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_alloc.c | 12 ++++++++++++
> fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_alloc_btree.c | 2 ++
> fs/xfs/xfs_mount.c | 18 +++++++++++++++++-
> fs/xfs/xfs_mount.h | 6 ++++++
> 4 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>
> diff --git a/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_alloc.c b/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_alloc.c
> index 0c623d3c1036..9fa378d2724e 100644
> --- a/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_alloc.c
> +++ b/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_alloc.c
> @@ -3036,6 +3036,7 @@ xfs_alloc_read_agf(
> struct xfs_agf *agf; /* ag freelist header */
> struct xfs_perag *pag; /* per allocation group data */
> int error;
> + uint32_t allocbt_blks;
>
> trace_xfs_alloc_read_agf(mp, agno);
>
> @@ -3066,6 +3067,17 @@ xfs_alloc_read_agf(
> pag->pagf_refcount_level = be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_refcount_level);
> pag->pagf_init = 1;
> pag->pagf_agflreset = xfs_agfl_needs_reset(mp, agf);
> +
> + /*
> + * Update the global in-core allocbt block counter. Filter
> + * rmapbt blocks from the on-disk counter because those are
> + * managed by perag reservation.
> + */
> + if (pag->pagf_btreeblks > be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_rmap_blocks)) {
> + allocbt_blks = pag->pagf_btreeblks -
> + be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_rmap_blocks);
> + atomic64_add(allocbt_blks, &mp->m_allocbt_blks);

Does growfs call xfs_alloc_read_agf to set pagf_init in the perag
structure when it adds AGs to the filesystem? I don't /think/ that's
a problem for this use case (since allocbt_blks should be 0 on a freshly
initialized AG) but i was a little surprised to see block reservation
bits here.

The other thing is that online repair (what little of it is in the
kernel currently) can set pagf_init = 0; is that a problem?

--D

> + }
> }
> #ifdef DEBUG
> else if (!XFS_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(mp)) {
> diff --git a/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_alloc_btree.c b/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_alloc_btree.c
> index 8e01231b308e..9f5a45f7baed 100644
> --- a/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_alloc_btree.c
> +++ b/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_alloc_btree.c
> @@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ xfs_allocbt_alloc_block(
> return 0;
> }
>
> + atomic64_inc(&cur->bc_mp->m_allocbt_blks);
> xfs_extent_busy_reuse(cur->bc_mp, cur->bc_ag.agno, bno, 1, false);
>
> xfs_trans_agbtree_delta(cur->bc_tp, 1);
> @@ -95,6 +96,7 @@ xfs_allocbt_free_block(
> if (error)
> return error;
>
> + atomic64_dec(&cur->bc_mp->m_allocbt_blks);
> xfs_extent_busy_insert(cur->bc_tp, be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_seqno), bno, 1,
> XFS_EXTENT_BUSY_SKIP_DISCARD);
> xfs_trans_agbtree_delta(cur->bc_tp, -1);
> diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_mount.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_mount.c
> index 1c97b155a8ee..29f97e909607 100644
> --- a/fs/xfs/xfs_mount.c
> +++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_mount.c
> @@ -1176,6 +1176,7 @@ xfs_mod_fdblocks(
> int64_t lcounter;
> long long res_used;
> s32 batch;
> + uint64_t set_aside;
>
> if (delta > 0) {
> /*
> @@ -1215,8 +1216,23 @@ xfs_mod_fdblocks(
> else
> batch = XFS_FDBLOCKS_BATCH;
>
> + /*
> + * Set aside allocbt blocks because these blocks are tracked as free
> + * space but not available for allocation. Technically this means that a
> + * single reservation cannot consume all remaining free space, but the
> + * ratio of allocbt blocks to usable free blocks should be rather small.
> + * The tradeoff without this is that filesystems that maintain high
> + * perag block reservations can over reserve physical block availability
> + * and fail physical allocation, which leads to much more serious
> + * problems (i.e. transaction abort, pagecache discards, etc.) than
> + * slightly premature -ENOSPC.
> + */
> + set_aside = mp->m_alloc_set_aside;
> + if (mp->m_has_agresv)
> + set_aside += atomic64_read(&mp->m_allocbt_blks);
> +
> percpu_counter_add_batch(&mp->m_fdblocks, delta, batch);
> - if (__percpu_counter_compare(&mp->m_fdblocks, mp->m_alloc_set_aside,
> + if (__percpu_counter_compare(&mp->m_fdblocks, set_aside,
> XFS_FDBLOCKS_BATCH) >= 0) {
> /* we had space! */
> return 0;
> diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_mount.h b/fs/xfs/xfs_mount.h
> index 489d9b2c53d9..041f437dc117 100644
> --- a/fs/xfs/xfs_mount.h
> +++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_mount.h
> @@ -171,6 +171,12 @@ typedef struct xfs_mount {
> * extents or anything related to the rt device.
> */
> struct percpu_counter m_delalloc_blks;
> + /*
> + * Global count of allocation btree blocks in use across all AGs. Only
> + * used when perag reservation is enabled. Helps prevent block
> + * reservation from attempting to reserve allocation btree blocks.
> + */
> + atomic64_t m_allocbt_blks;
>
> struct radix_tree_root m_perag_tree; /* per-ag accounting info */
> spinlock_t m_perag_lock; /* lock for m_perag_tree */
> --
> 2.26.2
>