Kernel panic: No init found.

Kernel panic: No init found.

[Nils Hagge]

Hi,

I try to run Hard Hat Linux from Montavista as described in the CDK 1.2
manual on an RPX lite board.
Unfortunately, the installation procedure is only for hosts with Red Hat
Linux, I hoped this would work for SuSE, too.

The problem has to do with the NFS filesystem. I can successfully download a
precompiled
Hard Hat Linux boot-image via TFTP and monitor this with the serial port.

The following is the output over the serial port...

 target IP address : 824B8932
 target file name  : rpxlite.srec
 address bias      : 0
Starting tftp download:
inetARP(): OK
.1.2.4.8.16.32.64.128.256.512.1024.2048.4096.8192
load_tftp(): OK
1087283 data bytes, 13764 S-records, 2124 tftp blocks, 0 repeated blocks
start address = 00200000
load_tftp_toMem(): OK
Transferring control to downloaded program
loaded at:     00200000 0020B1FC
relocated to:  00180000 0018B1FC
board data at: 001801C8 001801E4
relocated to:  00200100 0020011C
zimage at:     00206000 0026A4C4
avail ram:     0026B000 01000000

Linux/PPC load: root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=/opt/hardhat/devkit/ppc/8xx/target
Uncompressing Linux...done.
Now booting the kernel
Linux version 2.2.14 (root@rodan.mvista.com) (gcc version 2.95.2 19991030
(2.95.
3 prerelease/franzo)) #1 Tue Aug 8 02:01:27 PDT 2000
Boot arguments: root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=/opt/hardhat/devkit/ppc/8xx/target
time_init: decrementer frequency = 240000000/60
Calibrating delay loop... 63.69 BogoMIPS
Memory: 15152k available (740k kernel code, 456k data, 36k init)
[c0000000,c1000
IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP
TCP: Hash tables configured (ehash 16384 bhash 16384)
Initializing RT netlink socket
Starting kswapd v 1.5
CPM UART driver version 0.03
ttyS00 at 0x0280 is a SMC
ttyS01 at 0x0380 is a SMC
pty: 256 Unix98 ptys configured
RAM disk driver initialized:  16 RAM disks of 4096K size
loop: registered device at major 7
eth0: CPM ENET Version 0.2, 00:10:ec:00:1b:fb
PPP: version 2.3.7 (demand dialling)
TCP compression code copyright 1989 Regents of the University of California
PPP line discipline registered.
Sending BOOTP requests.... OK
IP-Config: Got BOOTP answer from 130.75.137.50, my address is 130.75.137.59
Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 130.75.137.50
Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 130.75.137.50
VFS: Mounted root (NFS filesystem).
Freeing unused kernel memory: 36k init
Kernel panic: No init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel.
Rebooting in 180 seconds..

----snip----

The filesystem seems to be mounted, but it does not find any files in there
although the full "linux tree" is available. I also tried adding
  init=/bin/init   init=bin/init    init=/opt/.../target/bin/init
to the boot arguments, but nothing helped.

Do you know that problem or have an idea? Any help is welcome. Thank in
advance.

Nils Hagge


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Re: Kernel panic: No init found.

[Nils Hagge]

Hi Jari,

thank for your fast answer. I examined the problem I little bit further,
maybe you find something, that can help me further with this new
piece of information.
> you should see if you have the link sbin -> bin in the target dir or not..
bash-2.03# dir -l
total 100
drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         8192 Dec  5 02:55 bin
drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         4096 Dec  5 03:14 boot
drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         4096 Dec  5 02:54 dev
drwxr-xr-x   6 root     root         4096 Dec 13 07:14 etc
drwxr-xr-x   3 root     root         4096 Dec  5 02:54 home
drwxr-xr-x   3 root     root         4096 Dec  5 02:54 include
-rwxrwxrwx   1 root     root        30344 Dec  8 06:39 init
drwxr-xr-x   4 root     root         4096 Dec  5 02:55 lib
drwxr-xr-x   6 root     root         4096 Dec  5 02:55 man
drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         4096 Aug  9 21:17 mnt
drwxr-xr-x   3 root     root         4096 Dec  5 02:54 opt
drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         4096 Aug  9 21:17 proc
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root            3 Dec  5 02:54 sbin -> bin
drwxr-xr-x   4 root     root         4096 Dec  5 02:55 share
drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         4096 Aug  9 21:17 tmp
drwxr-xr-x   5 root     root         4096 Dec  5 02:54 usr
drwxr-xr-x   8 root     root         4096 Dec  5 02:55 var
drwxr-xr-x  10 root     root         4096 Dec  5 02:55 web
Sure. This link exists. But even if it didnt, it should work nevertheless,
if you take a look at the source file....

> the best thing I can show that you should look to the file: /init/main.c
> in your kernel source
....that I nearly know by heart

 if (open("/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0) < 0)
  printk("Warning: unable to open an initial console.\n");

 (void) dup(0);
 (void) dup(0);

 /*
  * We try each of these until one succeeds.
  *
  * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are
  * trying to recover a really broken machine.
  */

 if (execute_command)
  printk("Suchen nach %s ", execute_command),
execve(execute_command,argv_init,envp_init),
                printk("%d\n", errno);
 printk("Suchen nach /sbin/init "),
execve("/sbin/init",argv_init,envp_init),         <---here /sbin/init is
tried to be loaded
        printk("%d\n", (errno));
 printk("Suchen nach /etc/init "), execve("/etc/init",argv_init,envp_init),
<----- /etc/init
 printk("%d\n", (errno));
 printk("Suchen nach /bin/init "), execve("/bin/init",argv_init,envp_init),
<----- /bin/init
 printk("%d\n", (errno));
 printk("Suchen nach /bin/sh "), execve("/bin/sh",argv_init,envp_init),
<----- /bin/sh
 printk("%d\n", (errno));
 panic("No init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel.");
}

I added the "printk" statements in order to see the error codes.
And the output is the following:
[....]
VFS: Mounted root (NFS filesystem).
Freeing unused kernel memory: 36k init
Suchen nach /bin/init 2
Suchen nach /sbin/init 2
Suchen nach /etc/init 2
Suchen nach /bin/init 2
Suchen nach /bin/sh 2
[...]
Thus the error is always no. 2, which is according to
"include/asm-ppc/errno.h" equal to
"No such file or directory".
And this is definitely not true. The files do all exist and are readable and
executable for all (u-g-o).


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Re: Kernel panic: No init found.

[Graham Stoney]

On Wed, Dec 13, 2000 at 04:32:30PM +0100, Nils Hagge wrote:
> "No such file or directory".
> And this is definitely not true. The files do all exist and are readable and
> executable for all (u-g-o).

The files exist, but I'll bet that one or more of the shared libraries they
use don't.  Try execing /bin/sash (which is statically linked) instead.  Once
you get the prompt, do an:
    # ldd /bin/bash

and check to see that the libraries it's looking for are really there.
That link from /opt/hardhat/devkit/ppc/8xx/powerpc-hardhat-linux to / on the
target is usually the obscure problem when using the stuff from MV.  Dunno
what they were thinking...

Regards,
Graham
--
Graham Stoney
Assistant Technology Manager
Canon Information Systems Research Australia
Ph: +61 2 9805 2909  Fax: +61 2 9805 2929

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Re: Kernel panic: No init found.

[jari.nguyen]

Hi all,

Graham Stoney wrote:

> That link from /opt/hardhat/devkit/ppc/8xx/powerpc-hardhat-linux to / on the
> target is usually the obscure problem when using the stuff from MV.  Dunno
> what they were thinking...

I know that this link is used for the application to look for library when it
run.
When you build an application the linker use the directory:

/opt/devkit/hardhat/ppc/8xx/powerpc-hardhat-linux/lib

so that, when the application runs, it'll look for the lib in that directory,
this is the reason
they need the link.

And below is my problem, does anyone try to place the libary on different
directories?
for example, I need to put the limit share library on the rom, the other I'll put
it in another
directory in the harddisk. I think that I have to point out the library
directory,
this problem here is I want to use current applications, I don't want to rebuild
all of these.
does anyone know how to do it, or where can I have the information about it?

Thanks in advance,
Jari


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Re: Kernel panic: No init found.

[Mike Hill]

I believe I have seen the same problem.  As I recall, we first started
seeing this problem when we removed a symlink (/opt/hardhat/devkit to /)
that was included in the MontaVista target directory.  We were told that we
had it add it back because some of the MontaVista libraries were built
incorrectly.  You may want to check to see if you have that symlink in your
target directory.

-Mike

----- Original Message -----
From: "Nils Hagge" <Nils.Hagge@stud.uni-hannover.de>
To: <linuxppc-embedded@lists.linuxppc.org>
Sent: Wednesday, December 13, 2000 9:17 AM
Subject: Kernel panic: No init found.


>
> Hi,
>
> I try to run Hard Hat Linux from Montavista as described in the CDK 1.2
> manual on an RPX lite board.
> Unfortunately, the installation procedure is only for hosts with Red Hat
> Linux, I hoped this would work for SuSE, too.
>
> The problem has to do with the NFS filesystem. I can successfully download
a
> precompiled
> Hard Hat Linux boot-image via TFTP and monitor this with the serial port.
>
> The following is the output over the serial port...
>
>  target IP address : 824B8932
>  target file name  : rpxlite.srec
>  address bias      : 0
> Starting tftp download:
> inetARP(): OK
> .1.2.4.8.16.32.64.128.256.512.1024.2048.4096.8192
> load_tftp(): OK
> 1087283 data bytes, 13764 S-records, 2124 tftp blocks, 0 repeated blocks
> start address = 00200000
> load_tftp_toMem(): OK
> Transferring control to downloaded program
> loaded at:     00200000 0020B1FC
> relocated to:  00180000 0018B1FC
> board data at: 001801C8 001801E4
> relocated to:  00200100 0020011C
> zimage at:     00206000 0026A4C4
> avail ram:     0026B000 01000000
>
> Linux/PPC load: root=/dev/nfs rw
nfsroot=/opt/hardhat/devkit/ppc/8xx/target
> Uncompressing Linux...done.
> Now booting the kernel
> Linux version 2.2.14 (root@rodan.mvista.com) (gcc version 2.95.2 19991030
> (2.95.
> 3 prerelease/franzo)) #1 Tue Aug 8 02:01:27 PDT 2000
> Boot arguments: root=/dev/nfs rw
nfsroot=/opt/hardhat/devkit/ppc/8xx/target
> time_init: decrementer frequency = 240000000/60
> Calibrating delay loop... 63.69 BogoMIPS
> Memory: 15152k available (740k kernel code, 456k data, 36k init)
> [c0000000,c1000
> IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP
> TCP: Hash tables configured (ehash 16384 bhash 16384)
> Initializing RT netlink socket
> Starting kswapd v 1.5
> CPM UART driver version 0.03
> ttyS00 at 0x0280 is a SMC
> ttyS01 at 0x0380 is a SMC
> pty: 256 Unix98 ptys configured
> RAM disk driver initialized:  16 RAM disks of 4096K size
> loop: registered device at major 7
> eth0: CPM ENET Version 0.2, 00:10:ec:00:1b:fb
> PPP: version 2.3.7 (demand dialling)
> TCP compression code copyright 1989 Regents of the University of
California
> PPP line discipline registered.
> Sending BOOTP requests.... OK
> IP-Config: Got BOOTP answer from 130.75.137.50, my address is
130.75.137.59
> Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 130.75.137.50
> Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 130.75.137.50
> VFS: Mounted root (NFS filesystem).
> Freeing unused kernel memory: 36k init
> Kernel panic: No init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel.
> Rebooting in 180 seconds..
>
> ----snip----
>
> The filesystem seems to be mounted, but it does not find any files in
there
> although the full "linux tree" is available. I also tried adding
>   init=/bin/init   init=bin/init    init=/opt/.../target/bin/init
> to the boot arguments, but nothing helped.
>
> Do you know that problem or have an idea? Any help is welcome. Thank in
> advance.
>
> Nils Hagge
>
>


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Re: Kernel panic: No init found.

[Jari Nguyen Trung Thanh]

Hi Mike Hill and Nils Hagge,

Quoting Mike Hill <mhill@bustech.com>:

>
> I believe I have seen the same problem.  As I recall, we first started
> seeing this problem when we removed a symlink (/opt/hardhat/devkit to /)
> that was included in the MontaVista target directory.  We were told that
> we
> had it add it back because some of the MontaVista libraries were built
> incorrectly.

Oh, I forgot it, it happened to me in the past, too.
However, this just supports for building another application which can use the
library in the root/lib directory, when it run in the embedded systems...

 You may want to check to see if you have that symlink in
> your
> target directory.
>
Hope this help,
Jari

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Re: Kernel panic: No init found.

[mlocke]

you really should contact MV support for this kind of stuff (if you have
a support contract).

Ot is something with your basic setup.  Did you add the /opt.../target
directory to /etc/exports ? if so, did you restart the nfs server?  is
the nfs server running?

Nils Hagge wrote:
>
> Hi,
>
> I try to run Hard Hat Linux from Montavista as described in the CDK 1.2
> manual on an RPX lite board.
> Unfortunately, the installation procedure is only for hosts with Red Hat
> Linux, I hoped this would work for SuSE, too.
>
> The problem has to do with the NFS filesystem. I can successfully download a
> precompiled
> Hard Hat Linux boot-image via TFTP and monitor this with the serial port.
>
> The following is the output over the serial port...
>
>  target IP address : 824B8932
>  target file name  : rpxlite.srec
>  address bias      : 0
> Starting tftp download:
> inetARP(): OK
> .1.2.4.8.16.32.64.128.256.512.1024.2048.4096.8192
> load_tftp(): OK
> 1087283 data bytes, 13764 S-records, 2124 tftp blocks, 0 repeated blocks
> start address = 00200000
> load_tftp_toMem(): OK
> Transferring control to downloaded program
> loaded at:     00200000 0020B1FC
> relocated to:  00180000 0018B1FC
> boart
ata at: 001801C8 001801E4
> relocated to:  00200100 0020011C
> zimage at:     00206000 0026A4C4
> avail ram:     0026B000 01000000
>
> Linux/PPC load: root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=/opt/hardhat/devkit/ppc/8xx/target
> Uncompressing Linux...done.
> Now booting the kernel
> Linux version 2.2.14 (root@rodan.mvista.com) (gcc version 2.95.2 19991030
> (2.95.
> 3 prerelease/franzo)) #1 Tue Aug 8 02:01:27 PDT 2000
> Boot arguments: root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=/opt/hardhat/devkit/ppc/8xx/target
> time_init: decrementer frequency = 240000000/60
> Calibrating delay loop... 63.69 BogoMIPS
> Memory: 15152k available (740k kernel code, 456k data, 36k init)
> [c0000000,c1000
> IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP
> TCP: Hash tables configured (ehash 16384 bhash 16384)
> Initializing RT netlink socket
> Starting kswapd v 1.5
> CPM UART driver version 0.03
> ttyS00 at 0x0280 is a SMC
> ttyS01 at 0x0380 is a SMC
> pty: 256 Unix98 ptys configured
> RAM disk driver initialized:  16 RAM disks of 4096K size
> loop: registered device at major 7
> eth0: CPM ENET Version 0.2, 00:10:ec:00:1b:fb
> PPP: version 2.3.7 (demand dialling)
> TCP compression code copyright 1989 Regents of the University of California
> PPP line discipline registered.
> Sending BOOTP requests.... OK
> IP-Config: Got BOOTP answer from 130.75.137.50, my address is 130.75.137.59
> Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 130.75.137.50
> Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 130.75.137.50
> VFS: Mounted root (NFS filesystem).
> Freeing unused kernel memory: 36k init
> Kernel panic: No init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel.
> Rebooting in 180 seconds..
>
> ----snip----
>
> The filesystem seems to be mounted, but it does not find any files in there
> although the full "linux tree" is available. I also tried adding
>   init=/bin/init   init=bin/init    init=/opt/.../target/bin/init
> to the boot arguments, but nothing helped.
>
> Do you know that problem or have an idea? Any help is welcome. Thank in
> advance.
>
> Nils Hagge
>>bN
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Kernel panic: No init found.

[Mike G.]

hi there,

Can someone help me with this.. .been try to figure it out for quite
sometime... and still stuck at it.  I am using u-boot-0.4.0 and
linux-2.4.20-rc2 and runnig it for a board equip with MPC857. I don't
know what is wrong with this. I have check it ramdisk log file
everything seem to be there .. including the init. I have try to mount
the squashfs on the host PC and run the init and it works. Hmm.. I am
out of ideas on what to try next.. Help me please please....

here the output :-

Inte0: Swapping erase regions for broken CFI table.
number of CFI chips: 1
init_inte: bank1, name:Inte0, size:4194304bytes
Inte flash0: Using Static image partition definition
Creating 5 MTD partitions on "Inte0":
0x00000000-0x00080000 : "kernel"
0x00080000-0x00180000 : "ramdisk"
0x00180000-0x00300000 : "user1"
0x00300000-0x00380000 : "uboot"
0x00380000-0x00400000 : "user2"
NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0
IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP, IGMP
IP: routing cache hash table of 512 buckets, 4Kbytes
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)
NET4: Unix domain sockets 1.0/SMP for Linux NET4.0.
VFS: Mounted root (squashfs filesystem) readonly.
Freeing unused kernel memory: 44k init
Kernel panic: No init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel.
 <0>Rebooting in 180 seconds..

Regards,
Mike

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Re: Kernel panic: No init found.

[Mark Hatle]

Well first make try passing init= as a kernel argument and point it to
something that should be on the root disk..

Second, if the disk is mounting right, most likely you are missing a
shared library and/or program interpreter.

Best way to debug this IMHO is to put a static shell there, ash.static,
sash, etc... pass init=<static shell>  then try to run the init process
manually.. you may get more informative error messages.

--Mark

Mike G. wrote:
>
> Can someone help me with this.. .been try to figure it out for
> quite sometime... and still stuck at it. I am using u-boot-0.4.0
> and linux-2.4.20-rc2 and runnig it for a board equip with MPC857. I
> don't know what is wrong with this. I have check it ramdisk log file
> everything seem to be there .. including the init. I have try to mount
> the squashfs on the host PC and run the init and it works. Hmm.. I am
> out of ideas on what to try next.. Help me please please....
>
> here the output :-
>
> Inte0: Swapping erase regions for broken CFI table.
> number of CFI chips: 1
> init_inte: bank1, name:Inte0, size:4194304bytes
> Inte flash0: Using Static image partition definition
> Creating 5 MTD partitions on "Inte0":
> 0x00000000-0x00080000 : "kernel"
> 0x00080000-0x00180000 : "ramdisk"
> 0x00180000-0x00300000 : "user1"
> 0x00300000-0x00380000 : "uboot"
> 0x00380000-0x00400000 : "user2"
> NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0
> IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP, IGMP
> IP: routing cache hash table of 512 buckets, 4Kbytes
> TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)
> NET4: Unix domain sockets 1.0/SMP for Linux NET4.0.
> VFS: Mounted root (squashfs filesystem) readonly.
> Freeing unused kernel memory: 44k init
> Kernel panic: No init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel.
>  <0>Rebooting in 180 seconds..

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Re: Kernel panic: No init found.

[Michael G.]

Thanks Mark & Georg,

My /bin/init is link to /etc/rc .. I did try to mount it on the host
computer and try to run the init and it works but it would not work for the
MPC857 board.  I'll try the static shell debugging as you suggested ..
thanks again.

Regards,
Mike G.

----- Original Message -----
From: "Mark Hatle" <fray@mvista.com>
Sent: Saturday, September 27, 2003 1:44 AM
Subject: Re: Kernel panic: No init found.

> Well first make try passing init= as a kernel argument and point it to
> something that should be on the root disk..
>
> Second, if the disk is mounting right, most likely you are missing a
> shared library and/or program interpreter.
>
> Best way to debug this IMHO is to put a static shell there,
> ash.static, sash, etc... pass init=<static shell> then try to run the
> init process manually.. you may get more informative error messages.
>
> Mike G. wrote:
>
> > Can someone help me with this.. .been try to figure it out for
> > quite sometime... and still stuck at it. I am using u-boot-0.4.0
> > and linux-2.4.20-rc2 and runnig it for a board equip with MPC857.
> > I don't know what is wrong with this. I have check it ramdisk log
> > file everything seem to be there .. including the init. I have
> > try to mount the squashfs on the host PC and run the init and it
> > works. Hmm.. I am out of ideas on what to try next.. Help me please
> > please....
> >
> > here the output :-
> >
> > Inte0: Swapping erase regions for broken CFI table.
> > number of CFI chips: 1
> > init_inte: bank1, name:Inte0, size:4194304bytes
> > Inte flash0: Using Static image partition definition
> > Creating 5 MTD partitions on "Inte0":
> > 0x00000000-0x00080000 : "kernel"
> > 0x00080000-0x00180000 : "ramdisk"
> > 0x00180000-0x00300000 : "user1"
> > 0x00300000-0x00380000 : "uboot"
> > 0x00380000-0x00400000 : "user2"
> > NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0
> > IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP, IGMP
> > IP: routing cache hash table of 512 buckets, 4Kbytes
> > TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)
> > NET4: Unix domain sockets 1.0/SMP for Linux NET4.0.
> > VFS: Mounted root (squashfs filesystem) readonly.
> > Freeing unused kernel memory: 44k init
> > Kernel panic: No init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel.
> >  <0>Rebooting in 180 seconds..

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Kernel panic : No Init Found

[Fabien Oriede]

[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 606 bytes --]

Hi all,
I have downloaded the SELF pRamdisk image from the DENX website and I placed it in FLASH at 0xFFC00000. The init file is in /sbin/init. When I try to boot Linux with "bootm ffa00000 ffc00000", Linux mounts the initrd image and next, it shows the message "No Init Found" even if I have "init=/sbin/init" in the kernel command line.
Does I need to activate MTD options in the kernel to use an initrd image ?
Thanks,
Fabien.


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