* [PATCH] powerpc: SMT priority (PPR) save and restore
@ 2012-07-14 9:43 Haren Myneni
2012-07-16 3:41 ` Michael Neuling
0 siblings, 1 reply; 5+ messages in thread
From: Haren Myneni @ 2012-07-14 9:43 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: benh, paulus, anton; +Cc: linuxppc-dev
powerpc: SMT priority (PPR) save and restore
On P7 systems, users can define SMT priority levels 2,3 and 4 for
processes so that some can run higher priority than the other ones.
In the current kernel, the default priority is set to 4 which prohibits
processes to use higher priority. Also the kernel boosts the priority to
4 during exception without saving the user defined priority values when
the task enters the kernel. So we will be loosing the process PPR value
and can not be restored it back when the task exits the kernel.
This patch sets the default priority to 3 when tasks are created such
that users can use 4 for higher priority tasks. It also provides to save
and restore the user defined priorities for all tasks.
When the task enters in to kernel space, the user defined priority (PPR)
will be saved in to PACA at the beginning of first level exception
vector and then copy from PACA to thread_info in second level vector.
PPR will be restored from thread_info before exits the kernel space.
P7 temporarily raises the thread priority to higher level during
exception until the program executes HMT_* calls. But it will not modify
PPR register. So we saves PPR value whenever some register is available
to use and then calls HMT_MEDIUM to increase the priority. This feature
supports on P7 or later processors.
Signed-off-by: Haren Myneni <hbabu@us.ibm.com>
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/cputable.h
b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/cputable.h
index 50d82c8..e7b80d6 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/cputable.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/cputable.h
@@ -203,6 +203,7 @@ extern const char *powerpc_base_platform;
#define CPU_FTR_POPCNTD LONG_ASM_CONST(0x0800000000000000)
#define CPU_FTR_ICSWX LONG_ASM_CONST(0x1000000000000000)
#define CPU_FTR_VMX_COPY LONG_ASM_CONST(0x2000000000000000)
+#define CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR LONG_ASM_CONST(0x4000000000000000)
#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
@@ -432,7 +433,8 @@ extern const char *powerpc_base_platform;
CPU_FTR_PURR | CPU_FTR_SPURR | CPU_FTR_REAL_LE | \
CPU_FTR_DSCR | CPU_FTR_SAO | CPU_FTR_ASYM_SMT | \
CPU_FTR_STCX_CHECKS_ADDRESS | CPU_FTR_POPCNTB | CPU_FTR_POPCNTD |
\
- CPU_FTR_ICSWX | CPU_FTR_CFAR | CPU_FTR_HVMODE | CPU_FTR_VMX_COPY)
+ CPU_FTR_ICSWX | CPU_FTR_CFAR | CPU_FTR_HVMODE | CPU_FTR_VMX_COPY |
\
+ CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR)
#define CPU_FTRS_CELL (CPU_FTR_USE_TB | CPU_FTR_LWSYNC | \
CPU_FTR_PPCAS_ARCH_V2 | CPU_FTR_CTRL | \
CPU_FTR_ALTIVEC_COMP | CPU_FTR_MMCRA | CPU_FTR_SMT | \
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/exception-64s.h
b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/exception-64s.h
index d58fc4e..1fae8aa 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/exception-64s.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/exception-64s.h
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
#define EX_R3 64
#define EX_LR 72
#define EX_CFAR 80
+#define EX_PPR 88 /* SMT thread status register (priority) */
/*
* We're short on space and time in the exception prolog, so we can't
@@ -61,10 +62,46 @@
#define EXC_HV H
#define EXC_STD
+/*
+ * PPR save/restore macros - Used only on P7 or later processors
+ */
+#define SAVE_PPR(area, ra, rb)
\
+BEGIN_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(940)
\
+ ld ra,area+EX_PPR(r13); /* Read PPR from paca */
\
+ clrrdi rb,r1,THREAD_SHIFT; /* thread_info struct */
\
+ std ra,TI_PPR(rb); /* Save PPR in thread_info */
\
+END_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR,CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR,940)
+
+#define RESTORE_PPR(ra,rb)
\
+BEGIN_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(941)
\
+ clrrdi ra,r1,THREAD_SHIFT;
\
+ ld rb,TI_PPR(ra); /* Read PPR from thread_info */
\
+ mtspr SPRN_PPR,rb; /* Restore PPR */
\
+END_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR,CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR,941)
+
+#define RESTORE_PPR_PACA(area,ra)
\
+BEGIN_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(942)
\
+ ld ra,area+EX_PPR(r13);
\
+ mtspr SPRN_PPR,ra;
\
+END_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR,CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR,942)
+
+#define HMT_FTR_NO_PPR
\
+BEGIN_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(944) \
+ HMT_MEDIUM;
\
+END_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR,0,944) /*non P7*/
+
+#define HMT_FTR_HAS_PPR(area, ra)
\
+BEGIN_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(943)
\
+ mfspr ra,SPRN_PPR; /* Read PPR */
\
+ std ra,area+EX_PPR(r13); /* Save PPR in paca */
\
+ HMT_MEDIUM;
\
+END_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR,CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR,943) /* P7 */
+
#define __EXCEPTION_PROLOG_1(area, extra, vec) \
GET_PACA(r13); \
- std r9,area+EX_R9(r13); /* save r9 - r12 */ \
- std r10,area+EX_R10(r13); \
+ std r9,area+EX_R9(r13); /* save r9 */ \
+ HMT_FTR_HAS_PPR(area,r9); \
+ std r10,area+EX_R10(r13); /* save r10 - r12 */ \
BEGIN_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(66); \
mfspr r10,SPRN_CFAR; \
std r10,area+EX_CFAR(r13); \
@@ -176,8 +213,10 @@ do_kvm_##n: \
std r10,0(r1); /* make stack chain pointer */ \
std r0,GPR0(r1); /* save r0 in stackframe */ \
std r10,GPR1(r1); /* save r1 in stackframe */ \
+ beq 4f; \
ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_ENTRY(r9, r10); \
- std r2,GPR2(r1); /* save r2 in stackframe */ \
+ SAVE_PPR(area, r9, r10); \
+4: std r2,GPR2(r1); /* save r2 in stackframe */ \
SAVE_4GPRS(3, r1); /* save r3 - r6 in stackframe */ \
SAVE_2GPRS(7, r1); /* save r7, r8 in stackframe */ \
ld r9,area+EX_R9(r13); /* move r9, r10 to stackframe */ \
@@ -218,7 +257,7 @@ do_kvm_##n: \
. = loc; \
.globl label##_pSeries; \
label##_pSeries: \
- HMT_MEDIUM; \
+ HMT_FTR_NO_PPR; \
SET_SCRATCH0(r13); /* save r13 */ \
EXCEPTION_PROLOG_PSERIES(PACA_EXGEN, label##_common, \
EXC_STD, KVMTEST_PR, vec)
@@ -227,7 +266,7 @@ label##_pSeries: \
. = loc; \
.globl label##_hv; \
label##_hv: \
- HMT_MEDIUM; \
+ HMT_FTR_NO_PPR; \
SET_SCRATCH0(r13); /* save r13 */ \
EXCEPTION_PROLOG_PSERIES(PACA_EXGEN, label##_common, \
EXC_HV, KVMTEST, vec)
@@ -258,7 +297,7 @@ label##_hv: \
_SOFTEN_TEST(EXC_STD, vec)
#define __MASKABLE_EXCEPTION_PSERIES(vec, label, h, extra) \
- HMT_MEDIUM; \
+ HMT_FTR_NO_PPR; \
SET_SCRATCH0(r13); /* save r13 */ \
__EXCEPTION_PROLOG_1(PACA_EXGEN, extra, vec); \
EXCEPTION_PROLOG_PSERIES_1(label##_common, h);
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/paca.h
b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/paca.h
index daf813f..d32b1e5 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/paca.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/paca.h
@@ -93,9 +93,9 @@ struct paca_struct {
* Now, starting in cacheline 2, the exception save areas
*/
/* used for most interrupts/exceptions */
- u64 exgen[11] __attribute__((aligned(0x80)));
- u64 exmc[11]; /* used for machine checks */
- u64 exslb[11]; /* used for SLB/segment table misses
+ u64 exgen[12] __attribute__((aligned(0x80)));
+ u64 exmc[12]; /* used for machine checks */
+ u64 exslb[12]; /* used for SLB/segment table misses
* on the linear mapping */
/* SLB related definitions */
u16 vmalloc_sllp;
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/ppc_asm.h
b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/ppc_asm.h
index 1544420..b5437a2 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/ppc_asm.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/ppc_asm.h
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
#define ACCOUNT_STOLEN_TIME
#else
#define ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_ENTRY(ra, rb) \
- beq 2f; /* if from kernel mode */ \
MFTB(ra); /* get timebase */ \
ld rb,PACA_STARTTIME_USER(r13); \
std ra,PACA_STARTTIME(r13); \
@@ -38,7 +37,6 @@
ld ra,PACA_USER_TIME(r13); \
add ra,ra,rb; /* add on to user time */ \
std ra,PACA_USER_TIME(r13); \
-2:
#define ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_EXIT(ra, rb) \
MFTB(ra); /* get timebase */ \
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/reg.h
b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/reg.h
index f0cb7f4..1e61116 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/reg.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/reg.h
@@ -284,6 +284,7 @@
#define SPRN_DBAT6U 0x23C /* Data BAT 6 Upper Register */
#define SPRN_DBAT7L 0x23F /* Data BAT 7 Lower Register */
#define SPRN_DBAT7U 0x23E /* Data BAT 7 Upper Register */
+#define SPRN_PPR 0x380 /* Local SMT Thread status resgiter */
#define SPRN_DEC 0x016 /* Decrement Register */
#define SPRN_DER 0x095 /* Debug Enable Regsiter */
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/thread_info.h
b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/thread_info.h
index 68831e9..618e35c 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/thread_info.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/thread_info.h
@@ -40,10 +40,22 @@ struct thread_info {
struct restart_block restart_block;
unsigned long local_flags; /* private flags for thread */
+#ifdef CONFIG_PPC64
+ unsigned long ppr; /* SMT Thread status register */
+#endif
/* low level flags - has atomic operations done on it */
unsigned long flags ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
};
+#ifdef CONFIG_PPC64
+/* Default SMT priority to (11- 13bits). */
+/* .ppr is Used to save/restore only on P7 or later */
+#define INIT_PPR \
+ .ppr = (3ull << 50),
+#else
+#define INIT_PPR
+#endif
+
/*
* macros/functions for gaining access to the thread information
structure
*/
@@ -56,6 +68,7 @@ struct thread_info {
.restart_block = { \
.fn = do_no_restart_syscall, \
}, \
+ INIT_PPR \
.flags = 0, \
}
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/asm-offsets.c
b/arch/powerpc/kernel/asm-offsets.c
index 52c7ad7..0b3a5fe 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/asm-offsets.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/asm-offsets.c
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ int main(void)
DEFINE(TI_CPU, offsetof(struct thread_info, cpu));
#ifdef CONFIG_PPC64
+ DEFINE(TI_PPR, offsetof(struct thread_info, ppr));
DEFINE(DCACHEL1LINESIZE, offsetof(struct ppc64_caches, dline_size));
DEFINE(DCACHEL1LOGLINESIZE, offsetof(struct ppc64_caches,
log_dline_size));
DEFINE(DCACHEL1LINESPERPAGE, offsetof(struct ppc64_caches,
dlines_per_page));
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/entry_64.S
b/arch/powerpc/kernel/entry_64.S
index 5971c85..671a3db 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/entry_64.S
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/entry_64.S
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
#include <asm/irqflags.h>
#include <asm/ftrace.h>
#include <asm/hw_irq.h>
+#include <asm/exception-64s.h> /* SAVE_PPR and RESTORE_PPR */
/*
* System calls.
@@ -62,8 +63,10 @@ system_call_common:
std r12,_MSR(r1)
std r0,GPR0(r1)
std r10,GPR1(r1)
+ beq 2f
ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_ENTRY(r10, r11)
- std r2,GPR2(r1)
+ SAVE_PPR(PACA_EXGEN, r10, r11)
+2: std r2,GPR2(r1)
std r3,GPR3(r1)
mfcr r2
std r4,GPR4(r1)
@@ -228,6 +231,7 @@ END_FTR_SECTION_IFCLR(CPU_FTR_STCX_CHECKS_ADDRESS)
beq- 1f
ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_EXIT(r11, r12)
+ RESTORE_PPR(r11, r12)
ld r13,GPR13(r1) /* only restore r13 if returning to usermode */
1: ld r2,GPR2(r1)
ld r1,GPR1(r1)
@@ -698,6 +702,7 @@ fast_exception_return:
andi. r0,r3,MSR_PR
beq 1f
ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_EXIT(r2, r4)
+ RESTORE_PPR(r2, r4)
REST_GPR(13, r1)
1:
mtspr SPRN_SRR1,r3
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/exceptions-64s.S
b/arch/powerpc/kernel/exceptions-64s.S
index 1c06d29..c3bddf8 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/exceptions-64s.S
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/exceptions-64s.S
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ __start_interrupts:
.globl system_reset_pSeries;
system_reset_pSeries:
- HMT_MEDIUM;
+ HMT_FTR_NO_PPR
SET_SCRATCH0(r13)
#ifdef CONFIG_PPC_P7_NAP
BEGIN_FTR_SECTION
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ machine_check_pSeries_1:
. = 0x300
.globl data_access_pSeries
data_access_pSeries:
- HMT_MEDIUM
+ HMT_FTR_NO_PPR
SET_SCRATCH0(r13)
BEGIN_FTR_SECTION
b data_access_check_stab
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ END_MMU_FTR_SECTION_IFCLR(MMU_FTR_SLB)
. = 0x380
.globl data_access_slb_pSeries
data_access_slb_pSeries:
- HMT_MEDIUM
+ HMT_FTR_NO_PPR
SET_SCRATCH0(r13)
EXCEPTION_PROLOG_1(PACA_EXSLB, KVMTEST, 0x380)
std r3,PACA_EXSLB+EX_R3(r13)
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ data_access_slb_pSeries:
. = 0x480
.globl instruction_access_slb_pSeries
instruction_access_slb_pSeries:
- HMT_MEDIUM
+ HMT_FTR_NO_PPR
SET_SCRATCH0(r13)
EXCEPTION_PROLOG_1(PACA_EXSLB, KVMTEST_PR, 0x480)
std r3,PACA_EXSLB+EX_R3(r13)
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ hardware_interrupt_hv:
. = 0xc00
.globl system_call_pSeries
system_call_pSeries:
- HMT_MEDIUM
+ HMT_FTR_NO_PPR
#ifdef CONFIG_KVM_BOOK3S_64_HANDLER
SET_SCRATCH0(r13)
GET_PACA(r13)
@@ -213,6 +213,7 @@ BEGIN_FTR_SECTION
END_FTR_SECTION_IFSET(CPU_FTR_REAL_LE)
mr r9,r13
GET_PACA(r13)
+ HMT_FTR_HAS_PPR(PACA_EXGEN,r10)
mfspr r11,SPRN_SRR0
mfspr r12,SPRN_SRR1
ld r10,PACAKBASE(r13)
@@ -295,7 +296,7 @@ vsx_unavailable_pSeries_1:
machine_check_pSeries:
.globl machine_check_fwnmi
machine_check_fwnmi:
- HMT_MEDIUM
+ HMT_FTR_NO_PPR
SET_SCRATCH0(r13) /* save r13 */
EXCEPTION_PROLOG_PSERIES(PACA_EXMC, machine_check_common,
EXC_STD, KVMTEST, 0x200)
@@ -417,7 +418,7 @@ _GLOBAL(__replay_interrupt)
.globl system_reset_fwnmi
.align 7
system_reset_fwnmi:
- HMT_MEDIUM
+ HMT_FTR_NO_PPR
SET_SCRATCH0(r13) /* save r13 */
EXCEPTION_PROLOG_PSERIES(PACA_EXGEN, system_reset_common, EXC_STD,
NOTEST, 0x100)
@@ -717,7 +718,8 @@ _GLOBAL(slb_miss_realmode)
mtcrf 0x80,r9
mtcrf 0x01,r9 /* slb_allocate uses cr0 and cr7 */
.machine pop
-
+
+ RESTORE_PPR_PACA(PACA_EXSLB,r9)
ld r9,PACA_EXSLB+EX_R9(r13)
ld r10,PACA_EXSLB+EX_R10(r13)
ld r11,PACA_EXSLB+EX_R11(r13)
@@ -1048,7 +1050,7 @@ initial_stab:
#ifdef CONFIG_PPC_POWERNV
_GLOBAL(opal_mc_secondary_handler)
- HMT_MEDIUM
+ HMT_FTR_NO_PPR
SET_SCRATCH0(r13)
GET_PACA(r13)
clrldi r3,r3,2
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 5+ messages in thread* Re: [PATCH] powerpc: SMT priority (PPR) save and restore 2012-07-14 9:43 [PATCH] powerpc: SMT priority (PPR) save and restore Haren Myneni @ 2012-07-16 3:41 ` Michael Neuling 2012-07-21 9:38 ` Haren Myneni 0 siblings, 1 reply; 5+ messages in thread From: Michael Neuling @ 2012-07-16 3:41 UTC (permalink / raw) To: Haren Myneni; +Cc: linuxppc-dev, paulus, anton Heaven Myneni <haren@linux.vnet.ibm.com> wrote: > powerpc: SMT priority (PPR) save and restore > > On P7 systems, users can define SMT priority levels 2,3 and 4 for > processes so that some can run higher priority than the other ones. > In the current kernel, the default priority is set to 4 which prohibits > processes to use higher priority. Also the kernel boosts the priority to > 4 during exception without saving the user defined priority values when > the task enters the kernel. So we will be loosing the process PPR value > and can not be restored it back when the task exits the kernel. > > This patch sets the default priority to 3 when tasks are created such > that users can use 4 for higher priority tasks. It also provides to save > and restore the user defined priorities for all tasks. > > When the task enters in to kernel space, the user defined priority (PPR) > will be saved in to PACA at the beginning of first level exception > vector and then copy from PACA to thread_info in second level vector. > PPR will be restored from thread_info before exits the kernel space. > > P7 temporarily raises the thread priority to higher level during > exception until the program executes HMT_* calls. But it will not modify > PPR register. So we saves PPR value whenever some register is available > to use and then calls HMT_MEDIUM to increase the priority. This feature > supports on P7 or later processors. > > Signed-off-by: Haren Myneni <hbabu@us.ibm.com> Can you break this patch into a few parts that are easier to review than one giant patch. Start by adding the PPR ftr bits, then the extra space in the paca, then the new macros, then use the new infrastructure. I'm sure you can get 5 or so patches which will be much easier to review. Also this has been white space munged. See here: http://patchwork.ozlabs.org/patch/170993/ All the #defines are broken. Also, do you know what the impacts of this are on null syscall/page faults etc on machines which need the PPR switched? If it's big, we might want to have this as a CONFIG option for those who don't care and want the speed bump. More comments below. > > diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/cputable.h > b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/cputable.h > index 50d82c8..e7b80d6 100644 > --- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/cputable.h > +++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/cputable.h > @@ -203,6 +203,7 @@ extern const char *powerpc_base_platform; > #define CPU_FTR_POPCNTD LONG_ASM_CONST(0x0800000000000000) > #define CPU_FTR_ICSWX LONG_ASM_CONST(0x1000000000000000) > #define CPU_FTR_VMX_COPY LONG_ASM_CONST(0x2000000000000000) > +#define CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR LONG_ASM_CONST(0x4000000000000000) > > #ifndef __ASSEMBLY__ > > @@ -432,7 +433,8 @@ extern const char *powerpc_base_platform; > CPU_FTR_PURR | CPU_FTR_SPURR | CPU_FTR_REAL_LE | \ > CPU_FTR_DSCR | CPU_FTR_SAO | CPU_FTR_ASYM_SMT | \ > CPU_FTR_STCX_CHECKS_ADDRESS | CPU_FTR_POPCNTB | CPU_FTR_POPCNTD | > \ > - CPU_FTR_ICSWX | CPU_FTR_CFAR | CPU_FTR_HVMODE | CPU_FTR_VMX_COPY) > + CPU_FTR_ICSWX | CPU_FTR_CFAR | CPU_FTR_HVMODE | CPU_FTR_VMX_COPY | > \ > + CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR) Add CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR to CPU_FTRS_POSSIBLE as well. > #define CPU_FTRS_CELL (CPU_FTR_USE_TB | CPU_FTR_LWSYNC | \ > CPU_FTR_PPCAS_ARCH_V2 | CPU_FTR_CTRL | \ > CPU_FTR_ALTIVEC_COMP | CPU_FTR_MMCRA | CPU_FTR_SMT | \ > diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/exception-64s.h > b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/exception-64s.h > index d58fc4e..1fae8aa 100644 > --- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/exception-64s.h > +++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/exception-64s.h > @@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ > #define EX_R3 64 > #define EX_LR 72 > #define EX_CFAR 80 > +#define EX_PPR 88 /* SMT thread status register (priority) */ > > /* > * We're short on space and time in the exception prolog, so we can't > @@ -61,10 +62,46 @@ > #define EXC_HV H > #define EXC_STD > > +/* > + * PPR save/restore macros - Used only on P7 or later processors > + */ > +#define SAVE_PPR(area, ra, rb) > \ > +BEGIN_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(940) > \ > + ld ra,area+EX_PPR(r13); /* Read PPR from paca */ > \ > + clrrdi rb,r1,THREAD_SHIFT; /* thread_info struct */ > \ > + std ra,TI_PPR(rb); /* Save PPR in thread_info */ > \ > +END_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR,CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR,940) > + > +#define RESTORE_PPR(ra,rb) > \ > +BEGIN_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(941) > \ > + clrrdi ra,r1,THREAD_SHIFT; > \ > + ld rb,TI_PPR(ra); /* Read PPR from thread_info */ > \ > + mtspr SPRN_PPR,rb; /* Restore PPR */ > \ > +END_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR,CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR,941) > + > +#define RESTORE_PPR_PACA(area,ra) > \ > +BEGIN_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(942) > \ > + ld ra,area+EX_PPR(r13); > \ > + mtspr SPRN_PPR,ra; > \ > +END_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR,CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR,942) > + > +#define HMT_FTR_NO_PPR > \ > +BEGIN_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(944) \ > + HMT_MEDIUM; > \ > +END_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR,0,944) /*non P7*/ > + > +#define HMT_FTR_HAS_PPR(area, ra) > \ > +BEGIN_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(943) > \ > + mfspr ra,SPRN_PPR; /* Read PPR */ > \ > + std ra,area+EX_PPR(r13); /* Save PPR in paca */ > \ > + HMT_MEDIUM; > \ > +END_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR,CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR,943) /* P7 */ all munged. > + > #define __EXCEPTION_PROLOG_1(area, extra, vec) \ > GET_PACA(r13); \ > - std r9,area+EX_R9(r13); /* save r9 - r12 */ \ > - std r10,area+EX_R10(r13); \ > + std r9,area+EX_R9(r13); /* save r9 */ \ > + HMT_FTR_HAS_PPR(area,r9); \ > + std r10,area+EX_R10(r13); /* save r10 - r12 */ \ > BEGIN_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(66); \ > mfspr r10,SPRN_CFAR; \ > std r10,area+EX_CFAR(r13); \ > @@ -176,8 +213,10 @@ do_kvm_##n: \ > std r10,0(r1); /* make stack chain pointer */ \ > std r0,GPR0(r1); /* save r0 in stackframe */ \ > std r10,GPR1(r1); /* save r1 in stackframe */ \ > + beq 4f; \ > ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_ENTRY(r9, r10); \ > - std r2,GPR2(r1); /* save r2 in stackframe */ \ > + SAVE_PPR(area, r9, r10); \ > +4: std r2,GPR2(r1); /* save r2 in stackframe */ \ why are we no longer doing ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_ENTRY here? > SAVE_4GPRS(3, r1); /* save r3 - r6 in stackframe */ \ > SAVE_2GPRS(7, r1); /* save r7, r8 in stackframe */ \ > ld r9,area+EX_R9(r13); /* move r9, r10 to stackframe */ \ > @@ -218,7 +257,7 @@ do_kvm_##n: \ > . = loc; \ > .globl label##_pSeries; \ > label##_pSeries: \ > - HMT_MEDIUM; \ > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR; \ > SET_SCRATCH0(r13); /* save r13 */ \ > EXCEPTION_PROLOG_PSERIES(PACA_EXGEN, label##_common, \ > EXC_STD, KVMTEST_PR, vec) > @@ -227,7 +266,7 @@ label##_pSeries: \ > . = loc; \ > .globl label##_hv; \ > label##_hv: \ > - HMT_MEDIUM; \ > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR; \ > SET_SCRATCH0(r13); /* save r13 */ \ > EXCEPTION_PROLOG_PSERIES(PACA_EXGEN, label##_common, \ > EXC_HV, KVMTEST, vec) > @@ -258,7 +297,7 @@ label##_hv: \ > _SOFTEN_TEST(EXC_STD, vec) > > #define __MASKABLE_EXCEPTION_PSERIES(vec, label, h, extra) \ > - HMT_MEDIUM; \ > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR; \ > SET_SCRATCH0(r13); /* save r13 */ \ > __EXCEPTION_PROLOG_1(PACA_EXGEN, extra, vec); \ > EXCEPTION_PROLOG_PSERIES_1(label##_common, h); > diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/paca.h > b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/paca.h > index daf813f..d32b1e5 100644 > --- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/paca.h > +++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/paca.h > @@ -93,9 +93,9 @@ struct paca_struct { > * Now, starting in cacheline 2, the exception save areas > */ > /* used for most interrupts/exceptions */ > - u64 exgen[11] __attribute__((aligned(0x80))); > - u64 exmc[11]; /* used for machine checks */ > - u64 exslb[11]; /* used for SLB/segment table misses > + u64 exgen[12] __attribute__((aligned(0x80))); > + u64 exmc[12]; /* used for machine checks */ > + u64 exslb[12]; /* used for SLB/segment table misses > * on the linear mapping */ > /* SLB related definitions */ > u16 vmalloc_sllp; > diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/ppc_asm.h > b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/ppc_asm.h > index 1544420..b5437a2 100644 > --- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/ppc_asm.h > +++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/ppc_asm.h > @@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ > #define ACCOUNT_STOLEN_TIME > #else > #define ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_ENTRY(ra, rb) \ > - beq 2f; /* if from kernel mode */ \ > MFTB(ra); /* get timebase */ \ > ld rb,PACA_STARTTIME_USER(r13); \ > std ra,PACA_STARTTIME(r13); \ > @@ -38,7 +37,6 @@ > ld ra,PACA_USER_TIME(r13); \ > add ra,ra,rb; /* add on to user time */ \ > std ra,PACA_USER_TIME(r13); \ > -2: Why are you doing this? > > #define ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_EXIT(ra, rb) \ > MFTB(ra); /* get timebase */ \ > diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/reg.h > b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/reg.h > index f0cb7f4..1e61116 100644 > --- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/reg.h > +++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/reg.h > @@ -284,6 +284,7 @@ > #define SPRN_DBAT6U 0x23C /* Data BAT 6 Upper Register */ > #define SPRN_DBAT7L 0x23F /* Data BAT 7 Lower Register */ > #define SPRN_DBAT7U 0x23E /* Data BAT 7 Upper Register */ > +#define SPRN_PPR 0x380 /* Local SMT Thread status resgiter */ spelling mistake here > > #define SPRN_DEC 0x016 /* Decrement Register */ > #define SPRN_DER 0x095 /* Debug Enable Regsiter */ > diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/thread_info.h > b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/thread_info.h > index 68831e9..618e35c 100644 > --- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/thread_info.h > +++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/thread_info.h > @@ -40,10 +40,22 @@ struct thread_info { > struct restart_block restart_block; > unsigned long local_flags; /* private flags for thread */ > > +#ifdef CONFIG_PPC64 > + unsigned long ppr; /* SMT Thread status register */ > +#endif > /* low level flags - has atomic operations done on it */ > unsigned long flags ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp; > }; > > +#ifdef CONFIG_PPC64 > +/* Default SMT priority to (11- 13bits). */ > +/* .ppr is Used to save/restore only on P7 or later */ > +#define INIT_PPR \ > + .ppr = (3ull << 50), > +#else > +#define INIT_PPR > +#endif > + > /* > * macros/functions for gaining access to the thread information > structure > */ > @@ -56,6 +68,7 @@ struct thread_info { > .restart_block = { \ > .fn = do_no_restart_syscall, \ > }, \ > + INIT_PPR \ > .flags = 0, \ > } > > diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/asm-offsets.c > b/arch/powerpc/kernel/asm-offsets.c > index 52c7ad7..0b3a5fe 100644 > --- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/asm-offsets.c > +++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/asm-offsets.c > @@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ int main(void) > DEFINE(TI_CPU, offsetof(struct thread_info, cpu)); > > #ifdef CONFIG_PPC64 > + DEFINE(TI_PPR, offsetof(struct thread_info, ppr)); > DEFINE(DCACHEL1LINESIZE, offsetof(struct ppc64_caches, dline_size)); > DEFINE(DCACHEL1LOGLINESIZE, offsetof(struct ppc64_caches, > log_dline_size)); > DEFINE(DCACHEL1LINESPERPAGE, offsetof(struct ppc64_caches, > dlines_per_page)); > diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/entry_64.S > b/arch/powerpc/kernel/entry_64.S > index 5971c85..671a3db 100644 > --- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/entry_64.S > +++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/entry_64.S > @@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ > #include <asm/irqflags.h> > #include <asm/ftrace.h> > #include <asm/hw_irq.h> > +#include <asm/exception-64s.h> /* SAVE_PPR and RESTORE_PPR */ No need for the comment here > > /* > * System calls. > @@ -62,8 +63,10 @@ system_call_common: > std r12,_MSR(r1) > std r0,GPR0(r1) > std r10,GPR1(r1) > + beq 2f > ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_ENTRY(r10, r11) > - std r2,GPR2(r1) > + SAVE_PPR(PACA_EXGEN, r10, r11) > +2: std r2,GPR2(r1) anyway, why are we skipping this code > std r3,GPR3(r1) > mfcr r2 > std r4,GPR4(r1) > @@ -228,6 +231,7 @@ END_FTR_SECTION_IFCLR(CPU_FTR_STCX_CHECKS_ADDRESS) > > beq- 1f > ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_EXIT(r11, r12) > + RESTORE_PPR(r11, r12) > ld r13,GPR13(r1) /* only restore r13 if returning to usermode */ > 1: ld r2,GPR2(r1) > ld r1,GPR1(r1) > @@ -698,6 +702,7 @@ fast_exception_return: > andi. r0,r3,MSR_PR > beq 1f > ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_EXIT(r2, r4) > + RESTORE_PPR(r2, r4) > REST_GPR(13, r1) > 1: > mtspr SPRN_SRR1,r3 > diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/exceptions-64s.S > b/arch/powerpc/kernel/exceptions-64s.S > index 1c06d29..c3bddf8 100644 > --- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/exceptions-64s.S > +++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/exceptions-64s.S > @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ __start_interrupts: > > .globl system_reset_pSeries; > system_reset_pSeries: > - HMT_MEDIUM; > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR Can we call this something else like HMT_MEDIUM_NO_PPR? > SET_SCRATCH0(r13) > #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_P7_NAP > BEGIN_FTR_SECTION > @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ machine_check_pSeries_1: > . = 0x300 > .globl data_access_pSeries > data_access_pSeries: > - HMT_MEDIUM > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR > SET_SCRATCH0(r13) > BEGIN_FTR_SECTION > b data_access_check_stab > @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ END_MMU_FTR_SECTION_IFCLR(MMU_FTR_SLB) > . = 0x380 > .globl data_access_slb_pSeries > data_access_slb_pSeries: > - HMT_MEDIUM > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR > SET_SCRATCH0(r13) > EXCEPTION_PROLOG_1(PACA_EXSLB, KVMTEST, 0x380) > std r3,PACA_EXSLB+EX_R3(r13) > @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ data_access_slb_pSeries: > . = 0x480 > .globl instruction_access_slb_pSeries > instruction_access_slb_pSeries: > - HMT_MEDIUM > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR > SET_SCRATCH0(r13) > EXCEPTION_PROLOG_1(PACA_EXSLB, KVMTEST_PR, 0x480) > std r3,PACA_EXSLB+EX_R3(r13) > @@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ hardware_interrupt_hv: > . = 0xc00 > .globl system_call_pSeries > system_call_pSeries: > - HMT_MEDIUM > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR > #ifdef CONFIG_KVM_BOOK3S_64_HANDLER > SET_SCRATCH0(r13) > GET_PACA(r13) > @@ -213,6 +213,7 @@ BEGIN_FTR_SECTION > END_FTR_SECTION_IFSET(CPU_FTR_REAL_LE) > mr r9,r13 > GET_PACA(r13) > + HMT_FTR_HAS_PPR(PACA_EXGEN,r10) > mfspr r11,SPRN_SRR0 > mfspr r12,SPRN_SRR1 > ld r10,PACAKBASE(r13) > @@ -295,7 +296,7 @@ vsx_unavailable_pSeries_1: > machine_check_pSeries: > .globl machine_check_fwnmi > machine_check_fwnmi: > - HMT_MEDIUM > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR > SET_SCRATCH0(r13) /* save r13 */ > EXCEPTION_PROLOG_PSERIES(PACA_EXMC, machine_check_common, > EXC_STD, KVMTEST, 0x200) > @@ -417,7 +418,7 @@ _GLOBAL(__replay_interrupt) > .globl system_reset_fwnmi > .align 7 > system_reset_fwnmi: > - HMT_MEDIUM > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR > SET_SCRATCH0(r13) /* save r13 */ > EXCEPTION_PROLOG_PSERIES(PACA_EXGEN, system_reset_common, EXC_STD, > NOTEST, 0x100) > @@ -717,7 +718,8 @@ _GLOBAL(slb_miss_realmode) > mtcrf 0x80,r9 > mtcrf 0x01,r9 /* slb_allocate uses cr0 and cr7 */ > .machine pop > - > + Random whitespace change. > + RESTORE_PPR_PACA(PACA_EXSLB,r9) > ld r9,PACA_EXSLB+EX_R9(r13) > ld r10,PACA_EXSLB+EX_R10(r13) > ld r11,PACA_EXSLB+EX_R11(r13) > @@ -1048,7 +1050,7 @@ initial_stab: > > #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_POWERNV > _GLOBAL(opal_mc_secondary_handler) > - HMT_MEDIUM > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR > SET_SCRATCH0(r13) > GET_PACA(r13) > clrldi r3,r3,2 > > > _______________________________________________ > Linuxppc-dev mailing list > Linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org > https://lists.ozlabs.org/listinfo/linuxppc-dev > ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 5+ messages in thread
* Re: [PATCH] powerpc: SMT priority (PPR) save and restore 2012-07-16 3:41 ` Michael Neuling @ 2012-07-21 9:38 ` Haren Myneni 2012-07-22 22:04 ` Michael Neuling 0 siblings, 1 reply; 5+ messages in thread From: Haren Myneni @ 2012-07-21 9:38 UTC (permalink / raw) To: Michael Neuling; +Cc: paulus, linuxppc-dev, anton On Mon, 2012-07-16 at 13:41 +1000, Michael Neuling wrote: > Heaven Myneni <haren@linux.vnet.ibm.com> wrote: > > > powerpc: SMT priority (PPR) save and restore > > > > On P7 systems, users can define SMT priority levels 2,3 and 4 for > > processes so that some can run higher priority than the other ones. > > In the current kernel, the default priority is set to 4 which prohibits > > processes to use higher priority. Also the kernel boosts the priority to > > 4 during exception without saving the user defined priority values when > > the task enters the kernel. So we will be loosing the process PPR value > > and can not be restored it back when the task exits the kernel. > > > > This patch sets the default priority to 3 when tasks are created such > > that users can use 4 for higher priority tasks. It also provides to save > > and restore the user defined priorities for all tasks. > > > > When the task enters in to kernel space, the user defined priority (PPR) > > will be saved in to PACA at the beginning of first level exception > > vector and then copy from PACA to thread_info in second level vector. > > PPR will be restored from thread_info before exits the kernel space. > > > > P7 temporarily raises the thread priority to higher level during > > exception until the program executes HMT_* calls. But it will not modify > > PPR register. So we saves PPR value whenever some register is available > > to use and then calls HMT_MEDIUM to increase the priority. This feature > > supports on P7 or later processors. > > > > Signed-off-by: Haren Myneni <hbabu@us.ibm.com> > > Can you break this patch into a few parts that are easier to review than > one giant patch. Start by adding the PPR ftr bits, then the extra space > in the paca, then the new macros, then use the new infrastructure. I'm > sure you can get 5 or so patches which will be much easier to review. > > Also this has been white space munged. See here: > http://patchwork.ozlabs.org/patch/170993/ > All the #defines are broken. > > Also, do you know what the impacts of this are on null syscall/page > faults etc on machines which need the PPR switched? If it's big, we > might want to have this as a CONFIG option for those who don't care and > want the speed bump. Thanks for your comments. Sure will split this patch in to 5/6 patches. With Anton's num_syscall test - http://ozlabs.org/~anton/junkcode/null_syscall.c, noticed 6% overhead. As you suggested, will add CONFIG option for this feature. Sorry, my e-mail client messed-up some tabs. will post next time properly. Please see my responses below. > More comments below. > > > > > diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/cputable.h > > b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/cputable.h > > index 50d82c8..e7b80d6 100644 > > --- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/cputable.h > > +++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/cputable.h > > @@ -203,6 +203,7 @@ extern const char *powerpc_base_platform; > > #define CPU_FTR_POPCNTD LONG_ASM_CONST(0x0800000000000000) > > #define CPU_FTR_ICSWX LONG_ASM_CONST(0x1000000000000000) > > #define CPU_FTR_VMX_COPY LONG_ASM_CONST(0x2000000000000000) > > +#define CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR LONG_ASM_CONST(0x4000000000000000) > > > > #ifndef __ASSEMBLY__ > > > > @@ -432,7 +433,8 @@ extern const char *powerpc_base_platform; > > CPU_FTR_PURR | CPU_FTR_SPURR | CPU_FTR_REAL_LE | \ > > CPU_FTR_DSCR | CPU_FTR_SAO | CPU_FTR_ASYM_SMT | \ > > CPU_FTR_STCX_CHECKS_ADDRESS | CPU_FTR_POPCNTB | CPU_FTR_POPCNTD | > > \ > > - CPU_FTR_ICSWX | CPU_FTR_CFAR | CPU_FTR_HVMODE | CPU_FTR_VMX_COPY) > > + CPU_FTR_ICSWX | CPU_FTR_CFAR | CPU_FTR_HVMODE | CPU_FTR_VMX_COPY | > > \ > > + CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR) > > Add CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR to CPU_FTRS_POSSIBLE as well. CPU_FTRS_POWER7 is already defined to CPU_FTRS_POSSIBLE. So do we still need CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR to CPU_FTRS_POSSIBLE? #define CPU_FTRS_POSSIBLE \ (CPU_FTRS_POWER3 | CPU_FTRS_RS64 | CPU_FTRS_POWER4 | \ CPU_FTRS_PPC970 | CPU_FTRS_POWER5 | CPU_FTRS_POWER6 | \ CPU_FTRS_POWER7 | CPU_FTRS_CELL | CPU_FTRS_PA6T | \ CPU_FTR_VSX) > > > > #define CPU_FTRS_CELL (CPU_FTR_USE_TB | CPU_FTR_LWSYNC | \ > > CPU_FTR_PPCAS_ARCH_V2 | CPU_FTR_CTRL | \ > > CPU_FTR_ALTIVEC_COMP | CPU_FTR_MMCRA | CPU_FTR_SMT | \ > > diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/exception-64s.h > > b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/exception-64s.h > > index d58fc4e..1fae8aa 100644 > > --- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/exception-64s.h > > +++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/exception-64s.h > > @@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ > > #define EX_R3 64 > > #define EX_LR 72 > > #define EX_CFAR 80 > > +#define EX_PPR 88 /* SMT thread status register (priority) */ > > > > /* > > * We're short on space and time in the exception prolog, so we can't > > @@ -61,10 +62,46 @@ > > #define EXC_HV H > > #define EXC_STD > > > > +/* > > + * PPR save/restore macros - Used only on P7 or later processors > > + */ > > +#define SAVE_PPR(area, ra, rb) > > \ > > +BEGIN_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(940) > > \ > > + ld ra,area+EX_PPR(r13); /* Read PPR from paca */ > > \ > > + clrrdi rb,r1,THREAD_SHIFT; /* thread_info struct */ > > \ > > + std ra,TI_PPR(rb); /* Save PPR in thread_info */ > > \ > > +END_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR,CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR,940) > > + > > +#define RESTORE_PPR(ra,rb) > > \ > > +BEGIN_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(941) > > \ > > + clrrdi ra,r1,THREAD_SHIFT; > > \ > > + ld rb,TI_PPR(ra); /* Read PPR from thread_info */ > > \ > > + mtspr SPRN_PPR,rb; /* Restore PPR */ > > \ > > +END_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR,CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR,941) > > + > > +#define RESTORE_PPR_PACA(area,ra) > > \ > > +BEGIN_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(942) > > \ > > + ld ra,area+EX_PPR(r13); > > \ > > + mtspr SPRN_PPR,ra; > > \ > > +END_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR,CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR,942) > > + > > +#define HMT_FTR_NO_PPR > > \ > > +BEGIN_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(944) \ > > + HMT_MEDIUM; > > \ > > +END_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR,0,944) /*non P7*/ > > + > > +#define HMT_FTR_HAS_PPR(area, ra) > > \ > > +BEGIN_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(943) > > \ > > + mfspr ra,SPRN_PPR; /* Read PPR */ > > \ > > + std ra,area+EX_PPR(r13); /* Save PPR in paca */ > > \ > > + HMT_MEDIUM; > > \ > > +END_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR,CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR,943) /* P7 */ > > all munged. > > > > > + > > #define __EXCEPTION_PROLOG_1(area, extra, vec) \ > > GET_PACA(r13); \ > > - std r9,area+EX_R9(r13); /* save r9 - r12 */ \ > > - std r10,area+EX_R10(r13); \ > > + std r9,area+EX_R9(r13); /* save r9 */ \ > > + HMT_FTR_HAS_PPR(area,r9); \ > > + std r10,area+EX_R10(r13); /* save r10 - r12 */ \ > > BEGIN_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(66); \ > > mfspr r10,SPRN_CFAR; \ > > std r10,area+EX_CFAR(r13); \ > > @@ -176,8 +213,10 @@ do_kvm_##n: \ > > std r10,0(r1); /* make stack chain pointer */ \ > > std r0,GPR0(r1); /* save r0 in stackframe */ \ > > std r10,GPR1(r1); /* save r1 in stackframe */ \ > > + beq 4f; \ > > ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_ENTRY(r9, r10); \ > > - std r2,GPR2(r1); /* save r2 in stackframe */ \ > > + SAVE_PPR(area, r9, r10); \ > > +4: std r2,GPR2(r1); /* save r2 in stackframe */ \ > > why are we no longer doing ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_ENTRY here? No, we still doing ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_ENTRY for the user level exceptions. The existing code (ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_ENTRY macro) has the same branch instruction and skipping for exceptions coming from kernel. I just removed 'beq' in ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_ENTRY macro and added here since PPR saving will be done only for user level exceptions. Adding comment for this branch instruction and create a separate patch just for the related changes should make it more clear. > > > > > SAVE_4GPRS(3, r1); /* save r3 - r6 in stackframe */ \ > > SAVE_2GPRS(7, r1); /* save r7, r8 in stackframe */ \ > > ld r9,area+EX_R9(r13); /* move r9, r10 to stackframe */ \ > > @@ -218,7 +257,7 @@ do_kvm_##n: \ > > . = loc; \ > > .globl label##_pSeries; \ > > label##_pSeries: \ > > - HMT_MEDIUM; \ > > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR; \ > > SET_SCRATCH0(r13); /* save r13 */ \ > > EXCEPTION_PROLOG_PSERIES(PACA_EXGEN, label##_common, \ > > EXC_STD, KVMTEST_PR, vec) > > @@ -227,7 +266,7 @@ label##_pSeries: \ > > . = loc; \ > > .globl label##_hv; \ > > label##_hv: \ > > - HMT_MEDIUM; \ > > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR; \ > > SET_SCRATCH0(r13); /* save r13 */ \ > > EXCEPTION_PROLOG_PSERIES(PACA_EXGEN, label##_common, \ > > EXC_HV, KVMTEST, vec) > > @@ -258,7 +297,7 @@ label##_hv: \ > > _SOFTEN_TEST(EXC_STD, vec) > > > > #define __MASKABLE_EXCEPTION_PSERIES(vec, label, h, extra) \ > > - HMT_MEDIUM; \ > > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR; \ > > SET_SCRATCH0(r13); /* save r13 */ \ > > __EXCEPTION_PROLOG_1(PACA_EXGEN, extra, vec); \ > > EXCEPTION_PROLOG_PSERIES_1(label##_common, h); > > diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/paca.h > > b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/paca.h > > index daf813f..d32b1e5 100644 > > --- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/paca.h > > +++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/paca.h > > @@ -93,9 +93,9 @@ struct paca_struct { > > * Now, starting in cacheline 2, the exception save areas > > */ > > /* used for most interrupts/exceptions */ > > - u64 exgen[11] __attribute__((aligned(0x80))); > > - u64 exmc[11]; /* used for machine checks */ > > - u64 exslb[11]; /* used for SLB/segment table misses > > + u64 exgen[12] __attribute__((aligned(0x80))); > > + u64 exmc[12]; /* used for machine checks */ > > + u64 exslb[12]; /* used for SLB/segment table misses > > * on the linear mapping */ > > /* SLB related definitions */ > > u16 vmalloc_sllp; > > diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/ppc_asm.h > > b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/ppc_asm.h > > index 1544420..b5437a2 100644 > > --- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/ppc_asm.h > > +++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/ppc_asm.h > > @@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ > > #define ACCOUNT_STOLEN_TIME > > #else > > #define ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_ENTRY(ra, rb) \ > > - beq 2f; /* if from kernel mode */ \ > > MFTB(ra); /* get timebase */ \ > > ld rb,PACA_STARTTIME_USER(r13); \ > > std ra,PACA_STARTTIME(r13); \ > > @@ -38,7 +37,6 @@ > > ld ra,PACA_USER_TIME(r13); \ > > add ra,ra,rb; /* add on to user time */ \ > > std ra,PACA_USER_TIME(r13); \ > > -2: > > Why are you doing this? As mentioned above, removing the branch instruction here and adding this check before calling ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_ENTRY. > > > > > #define ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_EXIT(ra, rb) \ > > MFTB(ra); /* get timebase */ \ > > diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/reg.h > > b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/reg.h > > index f0cb7f4..1e61116 100644 > > --- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/reg.h > > +++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/reg.h > > @@ -284,6 +284,7 @@ > > #define SPRN_DBAT6U 0x23C /* Data BAT 6 Upper Register */ > > #define SPRN_DBAT7L 0x23F /* Data BAT 7 Lower Register */ > > #define SPRN_DBAT7U 0x23E /* Data BAT 7 Upper Register */ > > +#define SPRN_PPR 0x380 /* Local SMT Thread status resgiter */ > > spelling mistake here > > > > > #define SPRN_DEC 0x016 /* Decrement Register */ > > #define SPRN_DER 0x095 /* Debug Enable Regsiter */ > > diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/thread_info.h > > b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/thread_info.h > > index 68831e9..618e35c 100644 > > --- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/thread_info.h > > +++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/thread_info.h > > @@ -40,10 +40,22 @@ struct thread_info { > > struct restart_block restart_block; > > unsigned long local_flags; /* private flags for thread */ > > > > +#ifdef CONFIG_PPC64 > > + unsigned long ppr; /* SMT Thread status register */ > > +#endif > > > > > /* low level flags - has atomic operations done on it */ > > unsigned long flags ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp; > > }; > > > > +#ifdef CONFIG_PPC64 > > +/* Default SMT priority to (11- 13bits). */ > > +/* .ppr is Used to save/restore only on P7 or later */ > > +#define INIT_PPR \ > > + .ppr = (3ull << 50), > > +#else > > +#define INIT_PPR > > +#endif > > + > > > > > > /* > > * macros/functions for gaining access to the thread information > > structure > > */ > > @@ -56,6 +68,7 @@ struct thread_info { > > .restart_block = { \ > > .fn = do_no_restart_syscall, \ > > }, \ > > + INIT_PPR \ > > .flags = 0, \ > > } > > > > diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/asm-offsets.c > > b/arch/powerpc/kernel/asm-offsets.c > > index 52c7ad7..0b3a5fe 100644 > > --- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/asm-offsets.c > > +++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/asm-offsets.c > > @@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ int main(void) > > DEFINE(TI_CPU, offsetof(struct thread_info, cpu)); > > > > #ifdef CONFIG_PPC64 > > + DEFINE(TI_PPR, offsetof(struct thread_info, ppr)); > > DEFINE(DCACHEL1LINESIZE, offsetof(struct ppc64_caches, dline_size)); > > DEFINE(DCACHEL1LOGLINESIZE, offsetof(struct ppc64_caches, > > log_dline_size)); > > DEFINE(DCACHEL1LINESPERPAGE, offsetof(struct ppc64_caches, > > dlines_per_page)); > > diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/entry_64.S > > b/arch/powerpc/kernel/entry_64.S > > index 5971c85..671a3db 100644 > > --- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/entry_64.S > > +++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/entry_64.S > > @@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ > > #include <asm/irqflags.h> > > #include <asm/ftrace.h> > > #include <asm/hw_irq.h> > > +#include <asm/exception-64s.h> /* SAVE_PPR and RESTORE_PPR */ > > No need for the comment here > > > > > /* > > * System calls. > > @@ -62,8 +63,10 @@ system_call_common: > > std r12,_MSR(r1) > > std r0,GPR0(r1) > > std r10,GPR1(r1) > > + beq 2f > > ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_ENTRY(r10, r11) > > - std r2,GPR2(r1) > > + SAVE_PPR(PACA_EXGEN, r10, r11) > > +2: std r2,GPR2(r1) > > anyway, why are we skipping this code ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_ENTRY is needed only for user level exceptions. As said above, we are not changing the current behavior. > > > std r3,GPR3(r1) > > mfcr r2 > > std r4,GPR4(r1) > > @@ -228,6 +231,7 @@ END_FTR_SECTION_IFCLR(CPU_FTR_STCX_CHECKS_ADDRESS) > > > > beq- 1f > > ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_EXIT(r11, r12) > > + RESTORE_PPR(r11, r12) > > ld r13,GPR13(r1) /* only restore r13 if returning to usermode */ > > 1: ld r2,GPR2(r1) > > ld r1,GPR1(r1) > > @@ -698,6 +702,7 @@ fast_exception_return: > > andi. r0,r3,MSR_PR > > beq 1f > > ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_EXIT(r2, r4) > > + RESTORE_PPR(r2, r4) > > REST_GPR(13, r1) > > 1: > > mtspr SPRN_SRR1,r3 > > diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/exceptions-64s.S > > b/arch/powerpc/kernel/exceptions-64s.S > > index 1c06d29..c3bddf8 100644 > > --- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/exceptions-64s.S > > +++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/exceptions-64s.S > > @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ __start_interrupts: > > > > .globl system_reset_pSeries; > > system_reset_pSeries: > > - HMT_MEDIUM; > > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR > > Can we call this something else like HMT_MEDIUM_NO_PPR? I will make the change. Similarly HMT_FTR_HAS_PPR should be changed to HMT_MEDIUM_HAS_PPR. > > > > > SET_SCRATCH0(r13) > > #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_P7_NAP > > BEGIN_FTR_SECTION > > @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ machine_check_pSeries_1: > > . = 0x300 > > .globl data_access_pSeries > > data_access_pSeries: > > - HMT_MEDIUM > > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR > > SET_SCRATCH0(r13) > > BEGIN_FTR_SECTION > > b data_access_check_stab > > @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ END_MMU_FTR_SECTION_IFCLR(MMU_FTR_SLB) > > . = 0x380 > > .globl data_access_slb_pSeries > > data_access_slb_pSeries: > > - HMT_MEDIUM > > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR > > SET_SCRATCH0(r13) > > EXCEPTION_PROLOG_1(PACA_EXSLB, KVMTEST, 0x380) > > std r3,PACA_EXSLB+EX_R3(r13) > > @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ data_access_slb_pSeries: > > . = 0x480 > > .globl instruction_access_slb_pSeries > > instruction_access_slb_pSeries: > > - HMT_MEDIUM > > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR > > SET_SCRATCH0(r13) > > EXCEPTION_PROLOG_1(PACA_EXSLB, KVMTEST_PR, 0x480) > > std r3,PACA_EXSLB+EX_R3(r13) > > @@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ hardware_interrupt_hv: > > . = 0xc00 > > .globl system_call_pSeries > > system_call_pSeries: > > - HMT_MEDIUM > > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR > > #ifdef CONFIG_KVM_BOOK3S_64_HANDLER > > SET_SCRATCH0(r13) > > GET_PACA(r13) > > @@ -213,6 +213,7 @@ BEGIN_FTR_SECTION > > END_FTR_SECTION_IFSET(CPU_FTR_REAL_LE) > > mr r9,r13 > > GET_PACA(r13) > > + HMT_FTR_HAS_PPR(PACA_EXGEN,r10) > > mfspr r11,SPRN_SRR0 > > mfspr r12,SPRN_SRR1 > > ld r10,PACAKBASE(r13) > > @@ -295,7 +296,7 @@ vsx_unavailable_pSeries_1: > > machine_check_pSeries: > > .globl machine_check_fwnmi > > machine_check_fwnmi: > > - HMT_MEDIUM > > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR > > SET_SCRATCH0(r13) /* save r13 */ > > EXCEPTION_PROLOG_PSERIES(PACA_EXMC, machine_check_common, > > EXC_STD, KVMTEST, 0x200) > > @@ -417,7 +418,7 @@ _GLOBAL(__replay_interrupt) > > .globl system_reset_fwnmi > > .align 7 > > system_reset_fwnmi: > > - HMT_MEDIUM > > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR > > SET_SCRATCH0(r13) /* save r13 */ > > EXCEPTION_PROLOG_PSERIES(PACA_EXGEN, system_reset_common, EXC_STD, > > NOTEST, 0x100) > > @@ -717,7 +718,8 @@ _GLOBAL(slb_miss_realmode) > > mtcrf 0x80,r9 > > mtcrf 0x01,r9 /* slb_allocate uses cr0 and cr7 */ > > .machine pop > > - > > + > > Random whitespace change. > > > + RESTORE_PPR_PACA(PACA_EXSLB,r9) > > ld r9,PACA_EXSLB+EX_R9(r13) > > ld r10,PACA_EXSLB+EX_R10(r13) > > ld r11,PACA_EXSLB+EX_R11(r13) > > @@ -1048,7 +1050,7 @@ initial_stab: > > > > #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_POWERNV > > _GLOBAL(opal_mc_secondary_handler) > > - HMT_MEDIUM > > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR > > SET_SCRATCH0(r13) > > GET_PACA(r13) > > clrldi r3,r3,2 > > > > > > _______________________________________________ > > Linuxppc-dev mailing list > > Linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org > > https://lists.ozlabs.org/listinfo/linuxppc-dev > > > _______________________________________________ > Linuxppc-dev mailing list > Linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org > https://lists.ozlabs.org/listinfo/linuxppc-dev > ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 5+ messages in thread
* Re: [PATCH] powerpc: SMT priority (PPR) save and restore 2012-07-21 9:38 ` Haren Myneni @ 2012-07-22 22:04 ` Michael Neuling 2012-07-22 23:57 ` Michael Neuling 0 siblings, 1 reply; 5+ messages in thread From: Michael Neuling @ 2012-07-22 22:04 UTC (permalink / raw) To: Haren Myneni; +Cc: paulus, linuxppc-dev, anton Haren Myneni <haren@linux.vnet.ibm.com> wrote: > On Mon, 2012-07-16 at 13:41 +1000, Michael Neuling wrote: > > Heaven Myneni <haren@linux.vnet.ibm.com> wrote: > > > > > powerpc: SMT priority (PPR) save and restore <snip> > > Can you break this patch into a few parts that are easier to review than > > one giant patch. Start by adding the PPR ftr bits, then the extra space > > in the paca, then the new macros, then use the new infrastructure. I'm > > sure you can get 5 or so patches which will be much easier to review. > > > > Also this has been white space munged. See here: > > http://patchwork.ozlabs.org/patch/170993/ > > All the #defines are broken. > > > > Also, do you know what the impacts of this are on null syscall/page > > faults etc on machines which need the PPR switched? If it's big, we > > might want to have this as a CONFIG option for those who don't care and > > want the speed bump. > > Thanks for your comments. Sure will split this patch in to 5/6 patches. > With Anton's num_syscall test - > http://ozlabs.org/~anton/junkcode/null_syscall.c, noticed 6% overhead. > As you suggested, will add CONFIG option for this feature. Eek.. 6%.. yes, definitely a CONFIG option then. > Sorry, my e-mail client messed-up some tabs. will post next time > properly. > > Please see my responses below. ok > > > + > > > #define __EXCEPTION_PROLOG_1(area, extra, vec) \ > > > GET_PACA(r13); \ > > > - std r9,area+EX_R9(r13); /* save r9 - r12 */ \ > > > - std r10,area+EX_R10(r13); \ > > > + std r9,area+EX_R9(r13); /* save r9 */ \ > > > + HMT_FTR_HAS_PPR(area,r9); \ > > > + std r10,area+EX_R10(r13); /* save r10 - r12 */ \ > > > BEGIN_FTR_SECTION_NESTED(66); \ > > > mfspr r10,SPRN_CFAR; \ > > > std r10,area+EX_CFAR(r13); \ > > > @@ -176,8 +213,10 @@ do_kvm_##n: \ > > > std r10,0(r1); /* make stack chain pointer */ \ > > > std r0,GPR0(r1); /* save r0 in stackframe */ \ > > > std r10,GPR1(r1); /* save r1 in stackframe */ \ > > > + beq 4f; \ > > > ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_ENTRY(r9, r10); \ > > > - std r2,GPR2(r1); /* save r2 in stackframe */ \ > > > + SAVE_PPR(area, r9, r10); \ > > > +4: std r2,GPR2(r1); /* save r2 in stackframe */ \ > > > > why are we no longer doing ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_ENTRY here? > > No, we still doing ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_ENTRY for the user level exceptions. > The existing code (ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_ENTRY macro) has the same branch > instruction and skipping for exceptions coming from kernel. I just > removed 'beq' in ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_ENTRY macro and added here since PPR > saving will be done only for user level exceptions. > > Adding comment for this branch instruction and create a separate patch > just for the related changes should make it more clear. OK. This is why it's good to split the patch into multiple parts so that you can explain these in the associated checking comments. > > > - HMT_MEDIUM; > > > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR > > > > Can we call this something else like HMT_MEDIUM_NO_PPR? > > I will make the change. Similarly HMT_FTR_HAS_PPR should be changed to > HMT_MEDIUM_HAS_PPR. Cool, bike shedding complete :-) Mikey > > > > > > > > > > > SET_SCRATCH0(r13) > > > #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_P7_NAP > > > BEGIN_FTR_SECTION > > > @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ machine_check_pSeries_1: > > > . = 0x300 > > > .globl data_access_pSeries > > > data_access_pSeries: > > > - HMT_MEDIUM > > > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR > > > SET_SCRATCH0(r13) > > > BEGIN_FTR_SECTION > > > b data_access_check_stab > > > @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ END_MMU_FTR_SECTION_IFCLR(MMU_FTR_SLB) > > > . = 0x380 > > > .globl data_access_slb_pSeries > > > data_access_slb_pSeries: > > > - HMT_MEDIUM > > > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR > > > SET_SCRATCH0(r13) > > > EXCEPTION_PROLOG_1(PACA_EXSLB, KVMTEST, 0x380) > > > std r3,PACA_EXSLB+EX_R3(r13) > > > @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ data_access_slb_pSeries: > > > . = 0x480 > > > .globl instruction_access_slb_pSeries > > > instruction_access_slb_pSeries: > > > - HMT_MEDIUM > > > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR > > > SET_SCRATCH0(r13) > > > EXCEPTION_PROLOG_1(PACA_EXSLB, KVMTEST_PR, 0x480) > > > std r3,PACA_EXSLB+EX_R3(r13) > > > @@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ hardware_interrupt_hv: > > > . = 0xc00 > > > .globl system_call_pSeries > > > system_call_pSeries: > > > - HMT_MEDIUM > > > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR > > > #ifdef CONFIG_KVM_BOOK3S_64_HANDLER > > > SET_SCRATCH0(r13) > > > GET_PACA(r13) > > > @@ -213,6 +213,7 @@ BEGIN_FTR_SECTION > > > END_FTR_SECTION_IFSET(CPU_FTR_REAL_LE) > > > mr r9,r13 > > > GET_PACA(r13) > > > + HMT_FTR_HAS_PPR(PACA_EXGEN,r10) > > > mfspr r11,SPRN_SRR0 > > > mfspr r12,SPRN_SRR1 > > > ld r10,PACAKBASE(r13) > > > @@ -295,7 +296,7 @@ vsx_unavailable_pSeries_1: > > > machine_check_pSeries: > > > .globl machine_check_fwnmi > > > machine_check_fwnmi: > > > - HMT_MEDIUM > > > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR > > > SET_SCRATCH0(r13) /* save r13 */ > > > EXCEPTION_PROLOG_PSERIES(PACA_EXMC, machine_check_common, > > > EXC_STD, KVMTEST, 0x200) > > > @@ -417,7 +418,7 @@ _GLOBAL(__replay_interrupt) > > > .globl system_reset_fwnmi > > > .align 7 > > > system_reset_fwnmi: > > > - HMT_MEDIUM > > > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR > > > SET_SCRATCH0(r13) /* save r13 */ > > > EXCEPTION_PROLOG_PSERIES(PACA_EXGEN, system_reset_common, EXC_STD, > > > NOTEST, 0x100) > > > @@ -717,7 +718,8 @@ _GLOBAL(slb_miss_realmode) > > > mtcrf 0x80,r9 > > > mtcrf 0x01,r9 /* slb_allocate uses cr0 and cr7 */ > > > .machine pop > > > - > > > + > > > > Random whitespace change. > > > > > + RESTORE_PPR_PACA(PACA_EXSLB,r9) > > > ld r9,PACA_EXSLB+EX_R9(r13) > > > ld r10,PACA_EXSLB+EX_R10(r13) > > > ld r11,PACA_EXSLB+EX_R11(r13) > > > @@ -1048,7 +1050,7 @@ initial_stab: > > > > > > #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_POWERNV > > > _GLOBAL(opal_mc_secondary_handler) > > > - HMT_MEDIUM > > > + HMT_FTR_NO_PPR > > > SET_SCRATCH0(r13) > > > GET_PACA(r13) > > > clrldi r3,r3,2 > > > > > > > > > _______________________________________________ > > > Linuxppc-dev mailing list > > > Linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org > > > https://lists.ozlabs.org/listinfo/linuxppc-dev > > > > > _______________________________________________ > > Linuxppc-dev mailing list > > Linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org > > https://lists.ozlabs.org/listinfo/linuxppc-dev > > > > ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 5+ messages in thread
* Re: [PATCH] powerpc: SMT priority (PPR) save and restore 2012-07-22 22:04 ` Michael Neuling @ 2012-07-22 23:57 ` Michael Neuling 0 siblings, 0 replies; 5+ messages in thread From: Michael Neuling @ 2012-07-22 23:57 UTC (permalink / raw) To: Haren Myneni; +Cc: paulus, linuxppc-dev, anton > > > Can you break this patch into a few parts that are easier to review than > > > one giant patch. Start by adding the PPR ftr bits, then the extra space > > > in the paca, then the new macros, then use the new infrastructure. I'm > > > sure you can get 5 or so patches which will be much easier to review. > > > > > > Also this has been white space munged. See here: > > > http://patchwork.ozlabs.org/patch/170993/ > > > All the #defines are broken. > > > > > > Also, do you know what the impacts of this are on null syscall/page > > > faults etc on machines which need the PPR switched? If it's big, we > > > might want to have this as a CONFIG option for those who don't care and > > > want the speed bump. > > > > Thanks for your comments. Sure will split this patch in to 5/6 patches. > > With Anton's num_syscall test - > > http://ozlabs.org/~anton/junkcode/null_syscall.c, noticed 6% overhead. > > As you suggested, will add CONFIG option for this feature. > > Eek.. 6%.. yes, definitely a CONFIG option then. ... maybe even a boot time option so we can turn it on and off easily for distros. Mikey ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 5+ messages in thread
end of thread, other threads:[~2012-07-22 23:57 UTC | newest] Thread overview: 5+ messages (download: mbox.gz follow: Atom feed -- links below jump to the message on this page -- 2012-07-14 9:43 [PATCH] powerpc: SMT priority (PPR) save and restore Haren Myneni 2012-07-16 3:41 ` Michael Neuling 2012-07-21 9:38 ` Haren Myneni 2012-07-22 22:04 ` Michael Neuling 2012-07-22 23:57 ` Michael Neuling
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