[PATCH v4 0/5] powerpc: watchdog fixes

[PATCH v4 0/5] powerpc: watchdog fixes

[Nicholas Piggin]

These are some watchdog fixes and improvements, in particular a
deadlock between the wd_smp_lock and console lock when the watchdog
fires, found by Laurent.

Thanks,
Nick

Since v3:
- Rebased on upstream.
- Brought patch 5 into the series.
- Fix bug with SMP watchdog last heartbeat time reporting.

Since v2:
- Fix a false positive warning in patch 1 found by Laurent.
- Move a comment change hunk to the correct patch.
- Drop the patch that removed the unstuck backtrace which is considered
  useful.

Since v1:
- Fixes noticed by Laurent in v1.
- Correct the description of the ABBA deadlock I wrote incorrectly in
  v1.
- Made several other improvements (patches 2,4,5).

Nicholas Piggin (5):
  powerpc/watchdog: Fix missed watchdog reset due to memory ordering
    race
  powerpc/watchdog: tighten non-atomic read-modify-write access
  powerpc/watchdog: Avoid holding wd_smp_lock over printk and
    smp_send_nmi_ipi
  powerpc/watchdog: read TB close to where it is used
  powerpc/watchdog: help remote CPUs to flush NMI printk output

 arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c | 223 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 180 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

-- 
2.23.0

[PATCH v4 1/5] powerpc/watchdog: Fix missed watchdog reset due to memory ordering race

[Nicholas Piggin]

It is possible for all CPUs to miss the pending cpumask becoming clear,
and then nobody resetting it, which will cause the lockup detector to
stop working. It will eventually expire, but watchdog_smp_panic will
avoid doing anything if the pending mask is clear and it will never be
reset.

Order the cpumask clear vs the subsequent test to close this race.

Add an extra check for an empty pending mask when the watchdog fires and
finds its bit still clear, to try to catch any other possible races or
bugs here and keep the watchdog working. The extra test in
arch_touch_nmi_watchdog is required to prevent the new warning from
firing off.

Debugged-by: Laurent Dufour <ldufour@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Dufour <ldufour@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
---
 arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c | 41 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 40 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c b/arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c
index 3fa6d240bade..ad94a2c6b733 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c
@@ -135,6 +135,10 @@ static void set_cpumask_stuck(const struct cpumask *cpumask, u64 tb)
 {
 	cpumask_or(&wd_smp_cpus_stuck, &wd_smp_cpus_stuck, cpumask);
 	cpumask_andnot(&wd_smp_cpus_pending, &wd_smp_cpus_pending, cpumask);
+	/*
+	 * See wd_smp_clear_cpu_pending()
+	 */
+	smp_mb();
 	if (cpumask_empty(&wd_smp_cpus_pending)) {
 		wd_smp_last_reset_tb = tb;
 		cpumask_andnot(&wd_smp_cpus_pending,
@@ -221,13 +225,44 @@ static void wd_smp_clear_cpu_pending(int cpu, u64 tb)
 
 			cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, &wd_smp_cpus_stuck);
 			wd_smp_unlock(&flags);
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * The last CPU to clear pending should have reset the
+			 * watchdog so we generally should not find it empty
+			 * here if our CPU was clear. However it could happen
+			 * due to a rare race with another CPU taking the
+			 * last CPU out of the mask concurrently.
+			 *
+			 * We can't add a warning for it. But just in case
+			 * there is a problem with the watchdog that is causing
+			 * the mask to not be reset, try to kick it along here.
+			 */
+			if (unlikely(cpumask_empty(&wd_smp_cpus_pending)))
+				goto none_pending;
 		}
 		return;
 	}
+
 	cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, &wd_smp_cpus_pending);
+
+	/*
+	 * Order the store to clear pending with the load(s) to check all
+	 * words in the pending mask to check they are all empty. This orders
+	 * with the same barrier on another CPU. This prevents two CPUs
+	 * clearing the last 2 pending bits, but neither seeing the other's
+	 * store when checking if the mask is empty, and missing an empty
+	 * mask, which ends with a false positive.
+	 */
+	smp_mb();
 	if (cpumask_empty(&wd_smp_cpus_pending)) {
 		unsigned long flags;
 
+none_pending:
+		/*
+		 * Double check under lock because more than one CPU could see
+		 * a clear mask with the lockless check after clearing their
+		 * pending bits.
+		 */
 		wd_smp_lock(&flags);
 		if (cpumask_empty(&wd_smp_cpus_pending)) {
 			wd_smp_last_reset_tb = tb;
@@ -318,8 +353,12 @@ void arch_touch_nmi_watchdog(void)
 {
 	unsigned long ticks = tb_ticks_per_usec * wd_timer_period_ms * 1000;
 	int cpu = smp_processor_id();
-	u64 tb = get_tb();
+	u64 tb;
 
+	if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, &watchdog_cpumask))
+		return;
+
+	tb = get_tb();
 	if (tb - per_cpu(wd_timer_tb, cpu) >= ticks) {
 		per_cpu(wd_timer_tb, cpu) = tb;
 		wd_smp_clear_cpu_pending(cpu, tb);
-- 
2.23.0

[PATCH v4 2/5] powerpc/watchdog: tighten non-atomic read-modify-write access

[Nicholas Piggin]

Most updates to wd_smp_cpus_pending are under lock except the watchdog
interrupt bit clear.

This can race with non-atomic RMW updates to the mask under lock, which
can happen in two instances:

Firstly, if another CPU detects this one is stuck, removes it from the
mask, mask becomes empty and is re-filled with non-atomic stores. This
is okay because it would re-fill the mask with this CPU's bit clear
anyway (because this CPU is now stuck), so it doesn't matter that the
bit clear update got "lost". Add a comment for this.

Secondly, if another CPU detects a different CPU is stuck and removes it
from the pending mask with a non-atomic store to bytes which also
include the bit of this CPU. This case can result in the bit clear being
lost and the end result being the bit is set. This should be so rare it
hardly matters, but to make things simpler to reason about just avoid
the non-atomic access for that case.

Reviewed-by: Laurent Dufour <ldufour@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
---
 arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c | 36 ++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c b/arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c
index ad94a2c6b733..588f54350d19 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c
@@ -131,10 +131,10 @@ static void wd_lockup_ipi(struct pt_regs *regs)
 	/* Do not panic from here because that can recurse into NMI IPI layer */
 }
 
-static void set_cpumask_stuck(const struct cpumask *cpumask, u64 tb)
+static bool set_cpu_stuck(int cpu, u64 tb)
 {
-	cpumask_or(&wd_smp_cpus_stuck, &wd_smp_cpus_stuck, cpumask);
-	cpumask_andnot(&wd_smp_cpus_pending, &wd_smp_cpus_pending, cpumask);
+	cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, &wd_smp_cpus_stuck);
+	cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, &wd_smp_cpus_pending);
 	/*
 	 * See wd_smp_clear_cpu_pending()
 	 */
@@ -144,11 +144,9 @@ static void set_cpumask_stuck(const struct cpumask *cpumask, u64 tb)
 		cpumask_andnot(&wd_smp_cpus_pending,
 				&wd_cpus_enabled,
 				&wd_smp_cpus_stuck);
+		return true;
 	}
-}
-static void set_cpu_stuck(int cpu, u64 tb)
-{
-	set_cpumask_stuck(cpumask_of(cpu), tb);
+	return false;
 }
 
 static void watchdog_smp_panic(int cpu, u64 tb)
@@ -177,15 +175,17 @@ static void watchdog_smp_panic(int cpu, u64 tb)
 		 * get a backtrace on all of them anyway.
 		 */
 		for_each_cpu(c, &wd_smp_cpus_pending) {
+			bool empty;
 			if (c == cpu)
 				continue;
+			/* Take the stuck CPUs out of the watch group */
+			empty = set_cpu_stuck(c, tb);
 			smp_send_nmi_ipi(c, wd_lockup_ipi, 1000000);
+			if (empty)
+				break;
 		}
 	}
 
-	/* Take the stuck CPUs out of the watch group */
-	set_cpumask_stuck(&wd_smp_cpus_pending, tb);
-
 	wd_smp_unlock(&flags);
 
 	if (sysctl_hardlockup_all_cpu_backtrace)
@@ -243,6 +243,22 @@ static void wd_smp_clear_cpu_pending(int cpu, u64 tb)
 		return;
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * All other updates to wd_smp_cpus_pending are performed under
+	 * wd_smp_lock. All of them are atomic except the case where the
+	 * mask becomes empty and is reset. This will not happen here because
+	 * cpu was tested to be in the bitmap (above), and a CPU only clears
+	 * its own bit. _Except_ in the case where another CPU has detected a
+	 * hard lockup on our CPU and takes us out of the pending mask. So in
+	 * normal operation there will be no race here, no problem.
+	 *
+	 * In the lockup case, this atomic clear-bit vs a store that refills
+	 * other bits in the accessed word wll not be a problem. The bit clear
+	 * is atomic so it will not cause the store to get lost, and the store
+	 * will never set this bit so it will not overwrite the bit clear. The
+	 * only way for a stuck CPU to return to the pending bitmap is to
+	 * become unstuck itself.
+	 */
 	cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, &wd_smp_cpus_pending);
 
 	/*
-- 
2.23.0

[PATCH v4 3/5] powerpc/watchdog: Avoid holding wd_smp_lock over printk and smp_send_nmi_ipi

[Nicholas Piggin]

There is a deadlock with the console_owner lock and the wd_smp_lock:

CPU x takes the console_owner lock
CPU y takes a watchdog timer interrupt and takes __wd_smp_lock
CPU x takes a soft-NMI interrupt, detects deadlock, spins on __wd_smp_lock
CPU y detects deadlock, tries to print something and spins on console_owner
-> deadlock

Change the watchdog locking scheme so wd_smp_lock protects the watchdog
internal data, but "reporting" (printing, issuing NMI IPIs, taking any
action outside of watchdog) uses a non-waiting exclusion. If a CPU detects
a problem but can not take the reporting lock, it just returns because
something else is already reporting. It will try again at some point.

Typically hard lockup watchdog report usefulness is not impacted due to
failure to spewing a large enough amount of data in as short a time as
possible, but by messages getting garbled.

Laurent debugged this and found the deadlock, and this patch is based on
his general approach to avoid expensive operations while holding the lock.
With the addition of the reporting exclusion.

Signed-off-by: Laurent Dufour <ldufour@linux.ibm.com>
[np: rework to add reporting exclusion update changelog]
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
---
 arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c | 100 +++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 78 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c b/arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c
index 588f54350d19..cfd45049ec7f 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c
@@ -85,10 +85,36 @@ static DEFINE_PER_CPU(u64, wd_timer_tb);
 
 /* SMP checker bits */
 static unsigned long __wd_smp_lock;
+static unsigned long __wd_reporting;
 static cpumask_t wd_smp_cpus_pending;
 static cpumask_t wd_smp_cpus_stuck;
 static u64 wd_smp_last_reset_tb;
 
+/*
+ * Try to take the exclusive watchdog action / NMI IPI / printing lock.
+ * wd_smp_lock must be held. If this fails, we should return and wait
+ * for the watchdog to kick in again (or another CPU to trigger it).
+ *
+ * Importantly, if hardlockup_panic is set, wd_try_report failure should
+ * not delay the panic, because whichever other CPU is reporting will
+ * call panic.
+ */
+static bool wd_try_report(void)
+{
+	if (__wd_reporting)
+		return false;
+	__wd_reporting = 1;
+	return true;
+}
+
+/* End printing after successful wd_try_report. wd_smp_lock not required. */
+static void wd_end_reporting(void)
+{
+	smp_mb(); /* End printing "critical section" */
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(__wd_reporting == 0);
+	WRITE_ONCE(__wd_reporting, 0);
+}
+
 static inline void wd_smp_lock(unsigned long *flags)
 {
 	/*
@@ -151,45 +177,54 @@ static bool set_cpu_stuck(int cpu, u64 tb)
 
 static void watchdog_smp_panic(int cpu, u64 tb)
 {
+	static cpumask_t wd_smp_cpus_ipi; // protected by reporting
 	unsigned long flags;
+	u64 last_reset;
 	int c;
 
 	wd_smp_lock(&flags);
 	/* Double check some things under lock */
-	if ((s64)(tb - wd_smp_last_reset_tb) < (s64)wd_smp_panic_timeout_tb)
+	last_reset = wd_smp_last_reset_tb;
+	if ((s64)(tb - last_reset) < (s64)wd_smp_panic_timeout_tb)
 		goto out;
 	if (cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, &wd_smp_cpus_pending))
 		goto out;
-	if (cpumask_weight(&wd_smp_cpus_pending) == 0)
+	if (!wd_try_report())
 		goto out;
+	for_each_online_cpu(c) {
+		if (!cpumask_test_cpu(c, &wd_smp_cpus_pending))
+			continue;
+		if (c == cpu)
+			continue; // should not happen
+
+		__cpumask_set_cpu(c, &wd_smp_cpus_ipi);
+		if (set_cpu_stuck(c, tb))
+			break;
+	}
+	if (cpumask_empty(&wd_smp_cpus_ipi)) {
+		wd_end_reporting();
+		goto out;
+	}
+	wd_smp_unlock(&flags);
 
 	pr_emerg("CPU %d detected hard LOCKUP on other CPUs %*pbl\n",
-		 cpu, cpumask_pr_args(&wd_smp_cpus_pending));
+		 cpu, cpumask_pr_args(&wd_smp_cpus_ipi));
 	pr_emerg("CPU %d TB:%lld, last SMP heartbeat TB:%lld (%lldms ago)\n",
-		 cpu, tb, wd_smp_last_reset_tb,
-		 tb_to_ns(tb - wd_smp_last_reset_tb) / 1000000);
+		 cpu, tb, last_reset, tb_to_ns(tb - last_reset) / 1000000);
 
 	if (!sysctl_hardlockup_all_cpu_backtrace) {
 		/*
 		 * Try to trigger the stuck CPUs, unless we are going to
 		 * get a backtrace on all of them anyway.
 		 */
-		for_each_cpu(c, &wd_smp_cpus_pending) {
-			bool empty;
-			if (c == cpu)
-				continue;
-			/* Take the stuck CPUs out of the watch group */
-			empty = set_cpu_stuck(c, tb);
+		for_each_cpu(c, &wd_smp_cpus_ipi) {
 			smp_send_nmi_ipi(c, wd_lockup_ipi, 1000000);
-			if (empty)
-				break;
+			__cpumask_clear_cpu(c, &wd_smp_cpus_ipi);
 		}
-	}
-
-	wd_smp_unlock(&flags);
-
-	if (sysctl_hardlockup_all_cpu_backtrace)
+	} else {
 		trigger_allbutself_cpu_backtrace();
+		cpumask_clear(&wd_smp_cpus_ipi);
+	}
 
 	/*
 	 * Force flush any remote buffers that might be stuck in IRQ context
@@ -200,6 +235,8 @@ static void watchdog_smp_panic(int cpu, u64 tb)
 	if (hardlockup_panic)
 		nmi_panic(NULL, "Hard LOCKUP");
 
+	wd_end_reporting();
+
 	return;
 
 out:
@@ -213,8 +250,6 @@ static void wd_smp_clear_cpu_pending(int cpu, u64 tb)
 			struct pt_regs *regs = get_irq_regs();
 			unsigned long flags;
 
-			wd_smp_lock(&flags);
-
 			pr_emerg("CPU %d became unstuck TB:%lld\n",
 				 cpu, tb);
 			print_irqtrace_events(current);
@@ -223,6 +258,7 @@ static void wd_smp_clear_cpu_pending(int cpu, u64 tb)
 			else
 				dump_stack();
 
+			wd_smp_lock(&flags);
 			cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, &wd_smp_cpus_stuck);
 			wd_smp_unlock(&flags);
 		} else {
@@ -318,13 +354,28 @@ DEFINE_INTERRUPT_HANDLER_NMI(soft_nmi_interrupt)
 
 	tb = get_tb();
 	if (tb - per_cpu(wd_timer_tb, cpu) >= wd_panic_timeout_tb) {
+		/*
+		 * Taking wd_smp_lock here means it is a soft-NMI lock, which
+		 * means we can't take any regular or irqsafe spin locks while
+		 * holding this lock. This is why timers can't printk while
+		 * holding the lock.
+		 */
 		wd_smp_lock(&flags);
 		if (cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, &wd_smp_cpus_stuck)) {
 			wd_smp_unlock(&flags);
 			return 0;
 		}
+		if (!wd_try_report()) {
+			wd_smp_unlock(&flags);
+			/* Couldn't report, try again in 100ms */
+			mtspr(SPRN_DEC, 100 * tb_ticks_per_usec * 1000);
+			return 0;
+		}
+
 		set_cpu_stuck(cpu, tb);
 
+		wd_smp_unlock(&flags);
+
 		pr_emerg("CPU %d self-detected hard LOCKUP @ %pS\n",
 			 cpu, (void *)regs->nip);
 		pr_emerg("CPU %d TB:%lld, last heartbeat TB:%lld (%lldms ago)\n",
@@ -334,14 +385,19 @@ DEFINE_INTERRUPT_HANDLER_NMI(soft_nmi_interrupt)
 		print_irqtrace_events(current);
 		show_regs(regs);
 
-		wd_smp_unlock(&flags);
-
 		if (sysctl_hardlockup_all_cpu_backtrace)
 			trigger_allbutself_cpu_backtrace();
 
 		if (hardlockup_panic)
 			nmi_panic(regs, "Hard LOCKUP");
+
+		wd_end_reporting();
 	}
+	/*
+	 * We are okay to change DEC in soft_nmi_interrupt because the masked
+	 * handler has marked a DEC as pending, so the timer interrupt will be
+	 * replayed as soon as local irqs are enabled again.
+	 */
 	if (wd_panic_timeout_tb < 0x7fffffff)
 		mtspr(SPRN_DEC, wd_panic_timeout_tb);
 
-- 
2.23.0

[PATCH v4 4/5] powerpc/watchdog: read TB close to where it is used

[Nicholas Piggin]

When taking watchdog actions, printing messages, comparing and
re-setting wd_smp_last_reset_tb, etc., read TB close to the point of use
and under wd_smp_lock or printing lock (if applicable).

This should keep timebase mostly monotonic with kernel log messages, and
could prevent (in theory) a laggy CPU updating wd_smp_last_reset_tb to
something a long way in the past, and causing other CPUs to appear to be
stuck.

These additional TB reads are all slowpath (lockup has been detected),
so performance does not matter.

Reviewed-by: Laurent Dufour <ldufour@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
---
 arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c | 27 ++++++++++++++-------------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c b/arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c
index cfd45049ec7f..23745af38d62 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ static void wd_lockup_ipi(struct pt_regs *regs)
 	/* Do not panic from here because that can recurse into NMI IPI layer */
 }
 
-static bool set_cpu_stuck(int cpu, u64 tb)
+static bool set_cpu_stuck(int cpu)
 {
 	cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, &wd_smp_cpus_stuck);
 	cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, &wd_smp_cpus_pending);
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ static bool set_cpu_stuck(int cpu, u64 tb)
 	 */
 	smp_mb();
 	if (cpumask_empty(&wd_smp_cpus_pending)) {
-		wd_smp_last_reset_tb = tb;
+		wd_smp_last_reset_tb = get_tb();
 		cpumask_andnot(&wd_smp_cpus_pending,
 				&wd_cpus_enabled,
 				&wd_smp_cpus_stuck);
@@ -175,15 +175,16 @@ static bool set_cpu_stuck(int cpu, u64 tb)
 	return false;
 }
 
-static void watchdog_smp_panic(int cpu, u64 tb)
+static void watchdog_smp_panic(int cpu)
 {
 	static cpumask_t wd_smp_cpus_ipi; // protected by reporting
 	unsigned long flags;
-	u64 last_reset;
+	u64 tb, last_reset;
 	int c;
 
 	wd_smp_lock(&flags);
 	/* Double check some things under lock */
+	tb = get_tb();
 	last_reset = wd_smp_last_reset_tb;
 	if ((s64)(tb - last_reset) < (s64)wd_smp_panic_timeout_tb)
 		goto out;
@@ -198,7 +199,7 @@ static void watchdog_smp_panic(int cpu, u64 tb)
 			continue; // should not happen
 
 		__cpumask_set_cpu(c, &wd_smp_cpus_ipi);
-		if (set_cpu_stuck(c, tb))
+		if (set_cpu_stuck(c))
 			break;
 	}
 	if (cpumask_empty(&wd_smp_cpus_ipi)) {
@@ -243,7 +244,7 @@ static void watchdog_smp_panic(int cpu, u64 tb)
 	wd_smp_unlock(&flags);
 }
 
-static void wd_smp_clear_cpu_pending(int cpu, u64 tb)
+static void wd_smp_clear_cpu_pending(int cpu)
 {
 	if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, &wd_smp_cpus_pending)) {
 		if (unlikely(cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, &wd_smp_cpus_stuck))) {
@@ -251,7 +252,7 @@ static void wd_smp_clear_cpu_pending(int cpu, u64 tb)
 			unsigned long flags;
 
 			pr_emerg("CPU %d became unstuck TB:%lld\n",
-				 cpu, tb);
+				 cpu, get_tb());
 			print_irqtrace_events(current);
 			if (regs)
 				show_regs(regs);
@@ -317,7 +318,7 @@ static void wd_smp_clear_cpu_pending(int cpu, u64 tb)
 		 */
 		wd_smp_lock(&flags);
 		if (cpumask_empty(&wd_smp_cpus_pending)) {
-			wd_smp_last_reset_tb = tb;
+			wd_smp_last_reset_tb = get_tb();
 			cpumask_andnot(&wd_smp_cpus_pending,
 					&wd_cpus_enabled,
 					&wd_smp_cpus_stuck);
@@ -332,10 +333,10 @@ static void watchdog_timer_interrupt(int cpu)
 
 	per_cpu(wd_timer_tb, cpu) = tb;
 
-	wd_smp_clear_cpu_pending(cpu, tb);
+	wd_smp_clear_cpu_pending(cpu);
 
 	if ((s64)(tb - wd_smp_last_reset_tb) >= (s64)wd_smp_panic_timeout_tb)
-		watchdog_smp_panic(cpu, tb);
+		watchdog_smp_panic(cpu);
 }
 
 DEFINE_INTERRUPT_HANDLER_NMI(soft_nmi_interrupt)
@@ -372,7 +373,7 @@ DEFINE_INTERRUPT_HANDLER_NMI(soft_nmi_interrupt)
 			return 0;
 		}
 
-		set_cpu_stuck(cpu, tb);
+		set_cpu_stuck(cpu);
 
 		wd_smp_unlock(&flags);
 
@@ -433,7 +434,7 @@ void arch_touch_nmi_watchdog(void)
 	tb = get_tb();
 	if (tb - per_cpu(wd_timer_tb, cpu) >= ticks) {
 		per_cpu(wd_timer_tb, cpu) = tb;
-		wd_smp_clear_cpu_pending(cpu, tb);
+		wd_smp_clear_cpu_pending(cpu);
 	}
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(arch_touch_nmi_watchdog);
@@ -491,7 +492,7 @@ static void stop_watchdog(void *arg)
 	cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, &wd_cpus_enabled);
 	wd_smp_unlock(&flags);
 
-	wd_smp_clear_cpu_pending(cpu, get_tb());
+	wd_smp_clear_cpu_pending(cpu);
 }
 
 static int stop_watchdog_on_cpu(unsigned int cpu)
-- 
2.23.0

[PATCH v4 5/5] powerpc/watchdog: help remote CPUs to flush NMI printk output

[Nicholas Piggin]

The printk layer at the moment does not seem to have a good way to force
flush printk messages that are created in NMI context, except in the
panic path.

NMI-context printk messages normally get to the console with irq_work,
but that won't help if the CPU is stuck with irqs disabled, as can be
the case for hard lockup watchdog messages.

The watchdog currently flushes the printk buffers after detecting a
lockup on remote CPUs, but they may not have processed their NMI IPI
yet by that stage, or they may have self-detected a lockup in which
case they won't go via this NMI IPI path.

Improve the situation by having NMI-context mark a flag if it called
printk, and have watchdog timer interrupts check if that flag was set
and try to flush if it was. Latency is not a big problem because we
were already stuck for a while, just need to try to make sure the
messages eventually make it out.

Cc: Laurent Dufour <ldufour@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
---
This patch requires commit 5d5e4522a7f4 ("printk: restore flushing of
NMI buffers on remote CPUs after NMI backtraces"). If backporting this
to a kernel without commit 93d102f094be ("printk: remove safe buffers"),
then printk_safe_flush() should be used in place of
printk_trigger_flush().

Thanks,
Nick

 arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c b/arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c
index 23745af38d62..bfc27496fe7e 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ static DEFINE_PER_CPU(u64, wd_timer_tb);
 /* SMP checker bits */
 static unsigned long __wd_smp_lock;
 static unsigned long __wd_reporting;
+static unsigned long __wd_nmi_output;
 static cpumask_t wd_smp_cpus_pending;
 static cpumask_t wd_smp_cpus_stuck;
 static u64 wd_smp_last_reset_tb;
@@ -154,6 +155,23 @@ static void wd_lockup_ipi(struct pt_regs *regs)
 	else
 		dump_stack();
 
+	/*
+	 * __wd_nmi_output must be set after we printk from NMI context.
+	 *
+	 * printk from NMI context defers printing to the console to irq_work.
+	 * If that NMI was taken in some code that is hard-locked, then irqs
+	 * are disabled so irq_work will never fire. That can result in the
+	 * hard lockup messages being delayed (indefinitely, until something
+	 * else kicks the console drivers).
+	 *
+	 * Setting __wd_nmi_output will cause another CPU to notice and kick
+	 * the console drivers for us.
+	 *
+	 * xchg is not needed here (it could be a smp_mb and store), but xchg
+	 * gives the memory ordering and atomicity required.
+	 */
+	xchg(&__wd_nmi_output, 1);
+
 	/* Do not panic from here because that can recurse into NMI IPI layer */
 }
 
@@ -227,12 +245,6 @@ static void watchdog_smp_panic(int cpu)
 		cpumask_clear(&wd_smp_cpus_ipi);
 	}
 
-	/*
-	 * Force flush any remote buffers that might be stuck in IRQ context
-	 * and therefore could not run their irq_work.
-	 */
-	printk_trigger_flush();
-
 	if (hardlockup_panic)
 		nmi_panic(NULL, "Hard LOCKUP");
 
@@ -337,6 +349,17 @@ static void watchdog_timer_interrupt(int cpu)
 
 	if ((s64)(tb - wd_smp_last_reset_tb) >= (s64)wd_smp_panic_timeout_tb)
 		watchdog_smp_panic(cpu);
+
+	if (__wd_nmi_output && xchg(&__wd_nmi_output, 0)) {
+		/*
+		 * Something has called printk from NMI context. It might be
+		 * stuck, so this this triggers a flush that will get that
+		 * printk output to the console.
+		 *
+		 * See wd_lockup_ipi.
+		 */
+		printk_trigger_flush();
+	}
 }
 
 DEFINE_INTERRUPT_HANDLER_NMI(soft_nmi_interrupt)
@@ -386,6 +409,8 @@ DEFINE_INTERRUPT_HANDLER_NMI(soft_nmi_interrupt)
 		print_irqtrace_events(current);
 		show_regs(regs);
 
+		xchg(&__wd_nmi_output, 1); // see wd_lockup_ipi
+
 		if (sysctl_hardlockup_all_cpu_backtrace)
 			trigger_allbutself_cpu_backtrace();
 
-- 
2.23.0

Re: [PATCH v4 5/5] powerpc/watchdog: help remote CPUs to flush NMI printk output

[Laurent Dufour]

Le 19/11/2021 à 12:31, Nicholas Piggin a écrit :
> The printk layer at the moment does not seem to have a good way to force
> flush printk messages that are created in NMI context, except in the
> panic path.
> 
> NMI-context printk messages normally get to the console with irq_work,
> but that won't help if the CPU is stuck with irqs disabled, as can be
> the case for hard lockup watchdog messages.
> 
> The watchdog currently flushes the printk buffers after detecting a
> lockup on remote CPUs, but they may not have processed their NMI IPI
> yet by that stage, or they may have self-detected a lockup in which
> case they won't go via this NMI IPI path.
> 
> Improve the situation by having NMI-context mark a flag if it called
> printk, and have watchdog timer interrupts check if that flag was set
> and try to flush if it was. Latency is not a big problem because we
> were already stuck for a while, just need to try to make sure the
> messages eventually make it out.
> 
> Cc: Laurent Dufour <ldufour@linux.ibm.com>
> Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>

Reviewed-by: Laurent Dufour <ldufour@linux.ibm.com>

> ---
> This patch requires commit 5d5e4522a7f4 ("printk: restore flushing of
> NMI buffers on remote CPUs after NMI backtraces"). If backporting this
> to a kernel without commit 93d102f094be ("printk: remove safe buffers"),
> then printk_safe_flush() should be used in place of
> printk_trigger_flush().
> 
> Thanks,
> Nick
> 
>   arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
>   1 file changed, 31 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c b/arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c
> index 23745af38d62..bfc27496fe7e 100644
> --- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c
> +++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/watchdog.c
> @@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ static DEFINE_PER_CPU(u64, wd_timer_tb);
>   /* SMP checker bits */
>   static unsigned long __wd_smp_lock;
>   static unsigned long __wd_reporting;
> +static unsigned long __wd_nmi_output;
>   static cpumask_t wd_smp_cpus_pending;
>   static cpumask_t wd_smp_cpus_stuck;
>   static u64 wd_smp_last_reset_tb;
> @@ -154,6 +155,23 @@ static void wd_lockup_ipi(struct pt_regs *regs)
>   	else
>   		dump_stack();
>   
> +	/*
> +	 * __wd_nmi_output must be set after we printk from NMI context.
> +	 *
> +	 * printk from NMI context defers printing to the console to irq_work.
> +	 * If that NMI was taken in some code that is hard-locked, then irqs
> +	 * are disabled so irq_work will never fire. That can result in the
> +	 * hard lockup messages being delayed (indefinitely, until something
> +	 * else kicks the console drivers).
> +	 *
> +	 * Setting __wd_nmi_output will cause another CPU to notice and kick
> +	 * the console drivers for us.
> +	 *
> +	 * xchg is not needed here (it could be a smp_mb and store), but xchg
> +	 * gives the memory ordering and atomicity required.
> +	 */
> +	xchg(&__wd_nmi_output, 1);
> +
>   	/* Do not panic from here because that can recurse into NMI IPI layer */
>   }
>   
> @@ -227,12 +245,6 @@ static void watchdog_smp_panic(int cpu)
>   		cpumask_clear(&wd_smp_cpus_ipi);
>   	}
>   
> -	/*
> -	 * Force flush any remote buffers that might be stuck in IRQ context
> -	 * and therefore could not run their irq_work.
> -	 */
> -	printk_trigger_flush();
> -
>   	if (hardlockup_panic)
>   		nmi_panic(NULL, "Hard LOCKUP");
>   
> @@ -337,6 +349,17 @@ static void watchdog_timer_interrupt(int cpu)
>   
>   	if ((s64)(tb - wd_smp_last_reset_tb) >= (s64)wd_smp_panic_timeout_tb)
>   		watchdog_smp_panic(cpu);
> +
> +	if (__wd_nmi_output && xchg(&__wd_nmi_output, 0)) {
> +		/*
> +		 * Something has called printk from NMI context. It might be
> +		 * stuck, so this this triggers a flush that will get that
> +		 * printk output to the console.
> +		 *
> +		 * See wd_lockup_ipi.
> +		 */
> +		printk_trigger_flush();
> +	}
>   }
>   
>   DEFINE_INTERRUPT_HANDLER_NMI(soft_nmi_interrupt)
> @@ -386,6 +409,8 @@ DEFINE_INTERRUPT_HANDLER_NMI(soft_nmi_interrupt)
>   		print_irqtrace_events(current);
>   		show_regs(regs);
>   
> +		xchg(&__wd_nmi_output, 1); // see wd_lockup_ipi
> +
>   		if (sysctl_hardlockup_all_cpu_backtrace)
>   			trigger_allbutself_cpu_backtrace();
>   
> 

Re: (subset) [PATCH v4 0/5] powerpc: watchdog fixes

[Michael Ellerman]

On Fri, 19 Nov 2021 21:31:41 +1000, Nicholas Piggin wrote:
> These are some watchdog fixes and improvements, in particular a
> deadlock between the wd_smp_lock and console lock when the watchdog
> fires, found by Laurent.
> 
> Thanks,
> Nick
> 
> [...]

Patch 5 applied to powerpc/next.

[5/5] powerpc/watchdog: help remote CPUs to flush NMI printk output
      https://git.kernel.org/powerpc/c/e012c499985c608c936410d8bab29d9596d62859

cheers