Kernel panic: No init found. Try passing init= option to kernel

Kernel panic: No init found. Try passing init= option to kernel

[zhongqx]

Hello,
    I want to use ramdisk instead of NFS for my linux on FADS860T which has 2M flash and 8M ram.I want to use eldk pakages to make ramdisk. but when i use it to boot linux ,it print the following message:

IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP, IGMP
IP: routing cache hash table of 512 buckets, 4Kbytes
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 512 bind 512)
enter ic_enable!
NET4: Unix domain sockets 1.0/SMP for Linux NET4.0.
RAMDISK: Compressed image found at block 0
Freeing initrd memory: 735k freed
EXT2-fs warning: mounting unchecked fs, running e2fsck is recommended
VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem).
Freeing unused kernel memory: 56k init
Kernel panic: No init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel.


I am sure that /bin/sh exist.why linux can not execute it successfully? but when I use the simple-ramdisk.PPCBoot which i download frow file://ftp.denx.de:/pub/LinuxPPC/usr/src,it run well like following:


=>bootm 400000 500000
## Booting image at 00400000 ...
   Image Name:   linux-2.4.18
   Image Type:   PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
   Data Size:    525046 Bytes = 512 kB = 0 MB
   Load Address: 00000000
   Entry Point:  00000000
   Verifying Checksum ... OK
   Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
## Loading RAMDisk Image at 00500000 ...
   Image Name:   myramdisk
   Image Type:   PowerPC Linux RAMDisk Image (gzip compressed)
   Data Size:    572675 Bytes = 559 kB = 0 MB
   Load Address: 00000000
   Entry Point:  00000000
   Verifying Checksum ... OK
   Loading Ramdisk to 006cf000, end 0075ad03 ... OK
Linux version 2.4.18 (root@localhost.localdomain) (gcc version 2.95.3 20010111 (
prerelease/franzo/20010111)) #2 Wed Sep 11 15:10:46 CST 2002
On node 0 totalpages: 2048
zone(0): 2048 pages.
zone(1): 0 pages.
zone(2): 0 pages.
Kernel command line: root=/dev/ram
Decrementer Frequency = 180000000/60
Calibrating delay loop... 47.82 BogoMIPS
Memory: 6132k available (948k kernel code, 348k data, 56k init, 0k highmem)
Dentry-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Buffer-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Page-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX
Linux NET4.0 for Linux 2.4
Based upon Swansea University Computer Society NET3.039
Initializing RT netlink socket
Starting kswapd
devfs: v1.10 (20020120) Richard Gooch (rgooch@atnf.csiro.au)
devfs: boot_options: 0x0
CPM UART driver version 0.03
ttyS00 at 0x0280 is a SMC
block: 64 slots per queue, batch=16
RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize
eth0: CPM ENET Version 0.2 on SCC1, 00:d0:93:00:12:34
eth1: FEC ENET Version 0.2, FEC irq 3, MII irq 4, addr 00:d0:93:80:12:34
loop: loaded (max 8 devices)
NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0
IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP, IGMP
IP: routing cache hash table of 512 buckets, 4Kbytes
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 512 bind 512)
enter ic_enable!
NET4: Unix domain sockets 1.0/SMP for Linux NET4.0.
RAMDISK: Compressed image found at block 0
Freeing initrd memory: 559k freed
EXT2-fs warning: mounting unchecked fs, running e2fsck is recommended
VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem).
Freeing unused kernel memory: 56k init
bash# ls
bin         dev         etc         lib         linuxrc     lost+found
bash# cd bin
bash# ls
date  ls    sh
bash# date
Thu Jan  1 02:47:51 UTC 1970
bash# ls
date  ls    sh
bash# cd lib
init: lib: No such file or directory
bash# cd ..
bash# ls
bin         dev         etc         lib         linuxrc     lost+found
bash# cd lib
bash# ls
ld.so.1              libcrypt.so.1        libtermcap.so.2.0.8
libc-1.99.so         libproc.so.1.2.6
libc.so.6            libtermcap.so.2
bash# cd ..
bash# ls
bin         dev         etc         lib         linuxrc     lost+found
bash#



    Why Simple-ramdisk.PPCBoot is ok but My ramdisk.image is not ok,i cant find the diffrent from this two, ths sh program need libray all exist,why linux cant excute successfully?
    Can someone give me help ? thank you in advanced!
    Hope to get your help!

** Sent via the linuxppc-embedded mail list. See http://lists.linuxppc.org/

Kernel panic: No init found. Try passing init= option to kernel

[zhongqx]

Hello,
    I want to use ramdisk instead of NFS for my linux on FADS860T which has 2M flash and 8M ram.I want to use eldk pakages to make ramdisk. but when i use it to boot linux ,it print the following message:

IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP, IGMP
IP: routing cache hash table of 512 buckets, 4Kbytes
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 512 bind 512)
enter ic_enable!
NET4: Unix domain sockets 1.0/SMP for Linux NET4.0.
RAMDISK: Compressed image found at block 0
Freeing initrd memory: 735k freed
EXT2-fs warning: mounting unchecked fs, running e2fsck is recommended
VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem).
Freeing unused kernel memory: 56k init
Kernel panic: No init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel.


I am sure that /bin/sh exist.why linux can not execute it successfully? but when I use the simple-ramdisk.PPCBoot which i download frow file://ftp.denx.de:/pub/LinuxPPC/usr/src,it run well like following:


=>bootm 400000 500000
## Booting image at 00400000 ...
   Image Name:   linux-2.4.18
   Image Type:   PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
   Data Size:    525046 Bytes = 512 kB = 0 MB
   Load Address: 00000000
   Entry Point:  00000000
   Verifying Checksum ... OK
   Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
## Loading RAMDisk Image at 00500000 ...
   Image Name:   myramdisk
   Image Type:   PowerPC Linux RAMDisk Image (gzip compressed)
   Data Size:    572675 Bytes = 559 kB = 0 MB
   Load Address: 00000000
   Entry Point:  00000000
   Verifying Checksum ... OK
   Loading Ramdisk to 006cf000, end 0075ad03 ... OK
Linux version 2.4.18 (root@localhost.localdomain) (gcc version 2.95.3 20010111 (
prerelease/franzo/20010111)) #2 Wed Sep 11 15:10:46 CST 2002
On node 0 totalpages: 2048
zone(0): 2048 pages.
zone(1): 0 pages.
zone(2): 0 pages.
Kernel command line: root=/dev/ram
Decrementer Frequency = 180000000/60
Calibrating delay loop... 47.82 BogoMIPS
Memory: 6132k available (948k kernel code, 348k data, 56k init, 0k highmem)
Dentry-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Buffer-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Page-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX
Linux NET4.0 for Linux 2.4
Based upon Swansea University Computer Society NET3.039
Initializing RT netlink socket
Starting kswapd
devfs: v1.10 (20020120) Richard Gooch (rgooch@atnf.csiro.au)
devfs: boot_options: 0x0
CPM UART driver version 0.03
ttyS00 at 0x0280 is a SMC
block: 64 slots per queue, batch=16
RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize
eth0: CPM ENET Version 0.2 on SCC1, 00:d0:93:00:12:34
eth1: FEC ENET Version 0.2, FEC irq 3, MII irq 4, addr 00:d0:93:80:12:34
loop: loaded (max 8 devices)
NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0
IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP, IGMP
IP: routing cache hash table of 512 buckets, 4Kbytes
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 512 bind 512)
enter ic_enable!
NET4: Unix domain sockets 1.0/SMP for Linux NET4.0.
RAMDISK: Compressed image found at block 0
Freeing initrd memory: 559k freed
EXT2-fs warning: mounting unchecked fs, running e2fsck is recommended
VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem).
Freeing unused kernel memory: 56k init
bash# ls
bin         dev         etc         lib         linuxrc     lost+found
bash# cd bin
bash# ls
date  ls    sh
bash# date
Thu Jan  1 02:47:51 UTC 1970
bash# ls
date  ls    sh
bash# cd lib
init: lib: No such file or directory
bash# cd ..
bash# ls
bin         dev         etc         lib         linuxrc     lost+found
bash# cd lib
bash# ls
ld.so.1              libcrypt.so.1        libtermcap.so.2.0.8
libc-1.99.so         libproc.so.1.2.6
libc.so.6            libtermcap.so.2
bash# cd ..
bash# ls
bin         dev         etc         lib         linuxrc     lost+found
bash#



    Why Simple-ramdisk.PPCBoot is ok but My ramdisk.image is not ok,i cant find the diffrent from this two, ths sh program need libray all exist,why linux cant excute successfully?
    Can someone give me help ? thank you in advanced!
    Hope to get your help!

** Sent via the linuxppc-embedded mail list. See http://lists.linuxppc.org/

Re: Kernel panic: No init found. Try passing init= option to kernel

[Wolfgang Denk]

In message <000b01c25ab5$559edc10$7301a8c0@zhongqx> you wrote:
>
>     I want to use ramdisk instead of NFS for my linux on FADS860T which has 2M flash and 8M ram.I want to use eldk pakages to make ramdisk. but when i use it to boot linux ,it print the following message:

You can use our SELF package as  a  model  to  build  custom  ramdisk
images (see ftp://ftp.denx.de/pub/LinuxPPC/usr/src/SELF/).

> EXT2-fs warning: mounting unchecked fs, running e2fsck is recommended
> VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem).
> Freeing unused kernel memory: 56k init
> Kernel panic: No init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel.

> I am sure that /bin/sh exist.why linux can not execute it

Are you sure it's executable, i. e. it really  runs  in  the  ramdisk
environment?  You  can  test  ramdisk  directory  trees  easily using
"chroot".

> successfully? but when I use the simple-ramdisk.PPCBoot which i
> download frow file://ftp.denx.de:/pub/LinuxPPC/usr/src,it run well
> like following:

...which is a pretty reliable indication that yoiur ramdisk image  is
incomplete.

>     Why Simple-ramdisk.PPCBoot is ok but My ramdisk.image is not ok,i cant find the diffrent from this two, ths sh program need libray all exist,why linux cant excute successfully?
>     Can someone give me help ? thank you in advanced!

Without more information about how you generated  your  ramdisk,  and
what you actually put into it, we cannot even guess.

My recommendation is to start with working tools, like SELF.

Wolfgang Denk

--
Software Engineering:  Embedded and Realtime Systems,  Embedded Linux
Phone: (+49)-8142-4596-87  Fax: (+49)-8142-4596-88  Email: wd@denx.de
There are always alternatives.
	-- Spock, "The Galileo Seven", stardate 2822.3

** Sent via the linuxppc-embedded mail list. See http://lists.linuxppc.org/

Kernel panic: No init found.?? Try passing init= option to kernel

[Mike G.]

Hi there,
Can someone give me a clue what's going on?  I been trying to figure out
what wrong with this kernel. Is it because of the squashfs system which
I am trying to use.  I know this is quite a common problem and I have
been search old news archive but to no avail. Please help

OUTPUT:-

Int flash0: Using Static image partition definition
Creating 5 MTD partitions on "Int0":
0x00000000-0x00080000 : "kernel"
0x00080000-0x00180000 : "ramdisk"
0x00180000-0x00300000 : "user1"
0x00300000-0x00380000 : "uboot"
0x00380000-0x00400000 : "user2"
VFS: Mounted root (squashfs filesystem) readonly.
Freeing unused kernel memory: 36k init
Kernel panic: No init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel.


I have check, the init is located at this location in the Ramdisk.

/bin/init -> ../etc/rc

But I am not sure the file system is mounted correctly.  Or is it
something wrong with the MTD because I customize the Flash mapping
myself.

Thank you in advance!


--
Mike G. <gohas@actinium.org>


** Sent via the linuxppc-embedded mail list. See http://lists.linuxppc.org/

Re: Kernel panic: No init found.?? Try passing init= option to kernel

[Mark Hatle]

Mike G. wrote:
> Hi there,
> Kernel panic: No init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel.

That message indicates one of a few things happened.

The first is it could not find any default init programs to run.

the second is whatever "init=" that you passed in was not found.

or...

third, the most common, you have a bad dependency, so when it tries to
run init the dynamic loader fails, (shell loader fails in the case of a
shell script.)  Something is causing the program not to run properly.

The way I usually debug this is to install ash.static on the system, set
my kernel command line to have init=/bin/ash.static..  boot up and then
attempt to run the "real" init manually so I can get the descriptive
error messages.

--Mark


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Re: Kernel panic: No init found.?? Try passing init= option to kernel

[Mike G.]

Hi Mark,

Thanks ... hmmm.. where can I get this ash.static.. is there a version
that runs on ppclinux?


> The way I usually debug this is to install ash.static on the system, set
> my kernel command line to have init=/bin/ash.static..  boot up and then
> attempt to run the "real" init manually so I can get the descriptive
> error messages.

--
Mike G. <gohas@actinium.org>


** Sent via the linuxppc-embedded mail list. See http://lists.linuxppc.org/

Re: Kernel panic: No init found.?? Try passing init= option to kernel

[Mark Hatle]

Find your favorite embedded distro.. if it doesn't contain it, you'll
have to build one.

The debian project is the home of ash for Linux..
(ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/main/a/ash   if I remember right)

--Mark

Mike G. wrote:
> Hi Mark,
>
> Thanks ... hmmm.. where can I get this ash.static.. is there a version
> that runs on ppclinux?
>
>
>
>>The way I usually debug this is to install ash.static on the system, set
>>my kernel command line to have init=/bin/ash.static..  boot up and then
>>attempt to run the "real" init manually so I can get the descriptive
>>error messages.
>
>


** Sent via the linuxppc-embedded mail list. See http://lists.linuxppc.org/