[PATCH] powerpc64/bpf: Add powerpc64 JIT support for timed may_goto

Saket Kumar Bhaskar
2026-04-02T05:43:37Z

When verifier sees a timed may_goto instruction, it emits a call to
arch_bpf_timed_may_goto() with a stack offset in BPF_REG_AX
(powerpc64 R12) and expects the refreshed count value to be returned
in the same register. The verifier doesn't save or restore any registers
before emitting this call.

arch_bpf_timed_may_goto() should act as a trampoline to call
bpf_check_timed_may_goto() with powerpc64 ELF ABI calling convention.

To support this custom calling convention, implement
arch_bpf_timed_may_goto() in assembly and make sure BPF caller saved
registers are preserved, then call bpf_check_timed_may_goto with
the powerpc64 ABI calling convention where first argument and return
value both are in R3. Finally, move the result back into BPF_REG_AX(R12)
before returning.

Also, introduce bpf_jit_emit_func_call() that computes the offset from
kernel_toc_addr(), validates that the target and emits the ADDIS/ADDI
sequence to load the function address before performing the indirect
branch via MTCTR/BCTRL. The existing code in bpf_jit_emit_func_call_rel()
is refactored to use this function.

Signed-off-by: Saket Kumar Bhaskar <skb99@linux.ibm.com>
---
arch/powerpc/net/Makefile | 2 +-
arch/powerpc/net/bpf_jit_comp.c | 5 +++
arch/powerpc/net/bpf_jit_comp64.c | 59 ++++++++++++++++++++++-----
arch/powerpc/net/bpf_timed_may_goto.S | 57 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
4 files changed, 111 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 arch/powerpc/net/bpf_timed_may_goto.S

diff --git a/arch/powerpc/net/Makefile b/arch/powerpc/net/Makefile
index 8e60af32e51e..204fc57ac56e 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/net/Makefile
+++ b/arch/powerpc/net/Makefile
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
#
# Arch-specific network modules
#
-obj-$(CONFIG_BPF_JIT) += bpf_jit_comp.o bpf_jit_comp$(BITS).o
+obj-$(CONFIG_BPF_JIT) += bpf_jit_comp.o bpf_jit_comp$(BITS).o bpf_timed_may_goto.o
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/net/bpf_jit_comp.c b/arch/powerpc/net/bpf_jit_comp.c
index 50103b3794fb..9b2b456b0765 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/net/bpf_jit_comp.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/net/bpf_jit_comp.c
@@ -537,6 +537,11 @@ bool bpf_jit_supports_subprog_tailcalls(void)
return IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PPC64);
}

+bool bpf_jit_supports_timed_may_goto(void)
+{
+ return IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PPC64);
+}
+
bool bpf_jit_supports_kfunc_call(void)
{
return IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PPC64);
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/net/bpf_jit_comp64.c b/arch/powerpc/net/bpf_jit_comp64.c
index db364d9083e7..d39241444cd9 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/net/bpf_jit_comp64.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/net/bpf_jit_comp64.c
@@ -451,10 +451,28 @@ void arch_bpf_stack_walk(bool (*consume_fn)(void *, u64, u64, u64), void *cookie
}
}

+static int bpf_jit_emit_func_call(u32 *image, struct codegen_context *ctx, u64 func_addr, int reg)
+{
+ long reladdr;
+
+ reladdr = func_addr - kernel_toc_addr();
+ if (reladdr > 0x7FFFFFFF || reladdr < -(0x80000000L)) {
+ pr_err("eBPF: address of %ps out of range of kernel_toc.\n", (void *)func_addr);
+ return -ERANGE;
+ }
+
+ EMIT(PPC_RAW_ADDIS(reg, _R2, PPC_HA(reladdr)));
+ EMIT(PPC_RAW_ADDI(reg, reg, PPC_LO(reladdr)));
+ EMIT(PPC_RAW_MTCTR(reg));
+ EMIT(PPC_RAW_BCTRL());
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
int bpf_jit_emit_func_call_rel(u32 *image, u32 *fimage, struct codegen_context *ctx, u64 func)
{
unsigned long func_addr = func ? ppc_function_entry((void *)func) : 0;
- long reladdr;
+ int ret;

/* bpf to bpf call, func is not known in the initial pass. Emit 5 nops as a placeholder */
if (!func) {
@@ -469,6 +487,7 @@ int bpf_jit_emit_func_call_rel(u32 *image, u32 *fimage, struct codegen_context *
}

#ifdef CONFIG_PPC_KERNEL_PCREL
+ long reladdr;
reladdr = func_addr - local_paca->kernelbase;

/*
@@ -507,16 +526,9 @@ int bpf_jit_emit_func_call_rel(u32 *image, u32 *fimage, struct codegen_context *
EMIT(PPC_RAW_BCTRL());
#else
if (core_kernel_text(func_addr)) {
- reladdr = func_addr - kernel_toc_addr();
- if (reladdr > 0x7FFFFFFF || reladdr < -(0x80000000L)) {
- pr_err("eBPF: address of %ps out of range of kernel_toc.\n", (void *)func);
- return -ERANGE;
- }
-
- EMIT(PPC_RAW_ADDIS(_R12, _R2, PPC_HA(reladdr)));
- EMIT(PPC_RAW_ADDI(_R12, _R12, PPC_LO(reladdr)));
- EMIT(PPC_RAW_MTCTR(_R12));
- EMIT(PPC_RAW_BCTRL());
+ ret = bpf_jit_emit_func_call(image, ctx, func_addr, _R12);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
} else {
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PPC64_ELF_ABI_V1)) {
/* func points to the function descriptor */
@@ -1755,6 +1767,31 @@ int bpf_jit_build_body(struct bpf_prog *fp, u32 *image, u32 *fimage, struct code
if (ret < 0)
return ret;

+ /*
+ * Call to arch_bpf_timed_may_goto() is emitted by the
+ * verifier and called with custom calling convention with
+ * first argument and return value in BPF_REG_AX (_R12).
+ *
+ * The generic helper or bpf function call emission path
+ * may use the same scratch register as BPF_REG_AX to
+ * materialize the target address. This would clobber AX
+ * and break timed may_goto semantics.
+ *
+ * Emit a minimal indirect call sequence here using a temp
+ * register and skip the normal post-call return-value move.
+ */
+
+ if (func_addr == (u64)arch_bpf_timed_may_goto) {
+#ifdef CONFIG_PPC_KERNEL_PCREL
+ PPC_LI_ADDR(tmp1_reg, func_addr);
+ EMIT(PPC_RAW_MTCTR(tmp1_reg));
+ EMIT(PPC_RAW_BCTRL());
+#else
+ bpf_jit_emit_func_call(image, ctx, func_addr, tmp1_reg);
+#endif
+ break;
+ }
+
/* Take care of powerpc ABI requirements before kfunc call */
if (insn[i].src_reg == BPF_PSEUDO_KFUNC_CALL) {
if (prepare_for_kfunc_call(fp, image, ctx, &insn[i]))
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/net/bpf_timed_may_goto.S b/arch/powerpc/net/bpf_timed_may_goto.S
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0b9afe3cfa1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/powerpc/net/bpf_timed_may_goto.S
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+/* Copyright (c) 2025 IBM Corporation, Saket Kumar Bhaskar <skb99@linux.ibm.com> */
+
+#include <linux/linkage.h>
+#include <asm/ppc_asm.h>
+
+/*
+ * arch_bpf_timed_may_goto() trampoline for powerpc64
+ *
+ * Custom BPF convention (verifier/JIT):
+ * - input: stack offset in BPF_REG_AX (r12)
+ * - output: updated count in BPF_REG_AX (r12)
+ *
+ * Call bpf_check_timed_may_goto(ptr) with normal powerpc64 ABI:
+ * - r3 = ptr, return in r3
+ *
+ * Preserve BPF regs R0-R5 (mapping: r8, r3-r7).
+ */
+
+SYM_FUNC_START(arch_bpf_timed_may_goto)
+ /* Prologue: save LR, allocate frame */
+ mflr r0
+ std r0, 16(r1)
+ stdu r1, -112(r1)
+
+ /* Save BPF registers R0 - R5 (r8, r3-r7) */
+ std r3, 24(r1)
+ std r4, 32(r1)
+ std r5, 40(r1)
+ std r6, 48(r1)
+ std r7, 56(r1)
+ std r8, 64(r1)
+
+ /*
+ * r3 = BPF_REG_FP + BPF_REG_AX
+ * BPF_REG_FP is r31; BPF_REG_AX is r12 (stack offset in bytes).
+ */
+ add r3, r31, r12
+ bl bpf_check_timed_may_goto
+
+ /* Put return value back into AX */
+ mr r12, r3
+
+ /* Restore BPF registers R0 - R5 (r8, r3-r7) */
+ ld r3, 24(r1)
+ ld r4, 32(r1)
+ ld r5, 40(r1)
+ ld r6, 48(r1)
+ ld r7, 56(r1)
+ ld r8, 64(r1)
+
+ /* Epilogue: pop frame, restore LR, return */
+ addi r1, r1, 112
+ ld r0, 16(r1)
+ mtlr r0
+ blr
+SYM_FUNC_END(arch_bpf_timed_may_goto)
--
2.52.0