[PATCH] sched: properly account IRQ and RT load in SCHED_OTHER load balancing

Peter Zijlstra
2008-08-21T09:19:18Z

Subject: sched: properly account IRQ and RT load in SCHED_OTHER load balancing
From: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Date: Thu Aug 14 09:31:20 CEST 2008

We used to account for RT tasks in SCHED_OTHER load-balancing by giving
them some phantom weight.

This is incorrect because there is no saying how much time a RT task will
actually consume. Also, it doesn't take IRQ time into account.

This patch tries to solve this issue by accounting the time spend on both
Real-Time tasks and IRQ handling, and using that to proportionally inflate
the SCHED_OTHER load.

Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
---
include/linux/hardirq.h | 10 +++
include/linux/sched.h | 1
kernel/sched.c | 126 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
kernel/sched_debug.c | 2
kernel/sched_rt.c | 8 +++
kernel/softirq.c | 1
kernel/sysctl.c | 8 +++
7 files changed, 145 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

Index: linux-2.6/include/linux/hardirq.h
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.orig/include/linux/hardirq.h
+++ linux-2.6/include/linux/hardirq.h
@@ -127,6 +127,14 @@ static inline void account_system_vtime(
}
#endif

+#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
+extern void sched_irq_enter(void);
+extern void sched_irq_exit(void);
+#else
+# define sched_irq_enter() do { } while (0)
+# define sched_irq_exit() do { } while (0)
+#endif
+
#if defined(CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU) && defined(CONFIG_NO_HZ)
extern void rcu_irq_enter(void);
extern void rcu_irq_exit(void);
@@ -143,6 +151,7 @@ extern void rcu_irq_exit(void);
*/
#define __irq_enter() \
do { \
+ sched_irq_enter(); \
rcu_irq_enter(); \
account_system_vtime(current); \
add_preempt_count(HARDIRQ_OFFSET); \
@@ -163,6 +172,7 @@ extern void irq_enter(void);
account_system_vtime(current); \
sub_preempt_count(HARDIRQ_OFFSET); \
rcu_irq_exit(); \
+ sched_irq_exit(); \
} while (0)

/*
Index: linux-2.6/include/linux/sched.h
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.orig/include/linux/sched.h
+++ linux-2.6/include/linux/sched.h
@@ -1614,6 +1614,7 @@ extern unsigned int sysctl_sched_feature
extern unsigned int sysctl_sched_migration_cost;
extern unsigned int sysctl_sched_nr_migrate;
extern unsigned int sysctl_sched_shares_ratelimit;
+extern unsigned int sysctl_sched_time_avg;

int sched_nr_latency_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
struct file *file, void __user *buffer, size_t *length,
Index: linux-2.6/kernel/sched.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.orig/kernel/sched.c
+++ linux-2.6/kernel/sched.c
@@ -571,6 +571,12 @@ struct rq {

struct task_struct *migration_thread;
struct list_head migration_queue;
+
+ u64 irq_stamp;
+ unsigned long irq_time;
+ unsigned long rt_time;
+ u64 age_stamp;
+
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_HRTICK
@@ -816,14 +822,21 @@ const_debug unsigned int sysctl_sched_nr
unsigned int sysctl_sched_shares_ratelimit = 250000;

/*
- * period over which we measure -rt task cpu usage in us.
+ * period over which we average the IRQ and RT cpu consumption, measured in
+ * jiffies.
* default: 1s
*/
-unsigned int sysctl_sched_rt_period = 1000000;
+const_debug unsigned int sysctl_sched_time_avg = MSEC_PER_SEC;

static __read_mostly int scheduler_running;

/*
+ * period over which we measure -rt task cpu usage in us.
+ * default: 1s
+ */
+unsigned int sysctl_sched_rt_period = 1000000;
+
+/*
* part of the period that we allow rt tasks to run in us.
* default: 9.5s
*/
@@ -1143,6 +1156,82 @@ static inline void init_hrtick(void)
}
#endif

+#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
+/*
+ * Measure IRQ time, we start when we first enter IRQ state
+ * and stop when we last leave IRQ state (nested IRQs).
+ */
+void sched_irq_enter(void)
+{
+ if (!in_irq()) {
+ struct rq *rq = this_rq();
+
+ update_rq_clock(rq);
+ rq->irq_stamp = rq->clock;
+ }
+}
+
+void sched_irq_exit(void)
+{
+ if (!in_irq()) {
+ struct rq *rq = this_rq();
+
+ update_rq_clock(rq);
+ rq->irq_time += rq->clock - rq->irq_stamp;
+ }
+}
+
+static inline u64 sched_avg_period(void)
+{
+ return (u64)sysctl_sched_time_avg * (NSEC_PER_MSEC / 2);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Every period/2 we half the accumulated time. See lib/proportions.c
+ */
+static void sched_age_time(struct rq *rq)
+{
+ if (rq->clock - rq->age_stamp >= sched_avg_period()) {
+ rq->irq_time /= 2;
+ rq->rt_time /= 2;
+ rq->age_stamp = rq->clock;
+ }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Scale the SCHED_OTHER load on this rq up to compensate for the pressure
+ * of IRQ and RT usage of this CPU.
+ *
+ * See lib/proportions.c
+ */
+static unsigned long sched_scale_load(struct rq *rq, u64 load)
+{
+ u64 total = sched_avg_period() + (rq->clock - rq->age_stamp);
+ u64 available = total - rq->irq_time - rq->rt_time;
+
+ /*
+ * Shift back to roughly us scale, so that the divisor fits in u32.
+ */
+ total >>= 10;
+ available >>= 10;
+
+ if (unlikely((s64)available <= 0))
+ available = 1;
+
+ load *= total;
+ load = div_u64(load, available);
+
+ /*
+ * Clip the maximal load value to something plenty high.
+ */
+ return min_t(unsigned long, load, 1UL << 22);
+}
+#else
+static inline void sched_age_time(struct rq *rq)
+{
+}
+#endif
+
/*
* resched_task - mark a task 'to be rescheduled now'.
*
@@ -1635,8 +1724,12 @@ static void dec_nr_running(struct rq *rq
static void set_load_weight(struct task_struct *p)
{
if (task_has_rt_policy(p)) {
- p->se.load.weight = prio_to_weight[0] * 2;
- p->se.load.inv_weight = prio_to_wmult[0] >> 1;
+ /*
+ * Real-time tasks do not contribute to SCHED_OTHER load
+ * this is compensated by sched_scale_load() usage.
+ */
+ p->se.load.weight = 0;
+ p->se.load.inv_weight = 0;
return;
}

@@ -2028,10 +2121,10 @@ static unsigned long source_load(int cpu
struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
unsigned long total = weighted_cpuload(cpu);

- if (type == 0 || !sched_feat(LB_BIAS))
- return total;
+ if (type && sched_feat(LB_BIAS))
+ total = min(rq->cpu_load[type-1], total);

- return min(rq->cpu_load[type-1], total);
+ return sched_scale_load(rq, total);
}

/*
@@ -2043,10 +2136,10 @@ static unsigned long target_load(int cpu
struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
unsigned long total = weighted_cpuload(cpu);

- if (type == 0 || !sched_feat(LB_BIAS))
- return total;
+ if (type && sched_feat(LB_BIAS))
+ total = max(rq->cpu_load[type-1], total);

- return max(rq->cpu_load[type-1], total);
+ return sched_scale_load(rq, total);
}

/*
@@ -2956,10 +3049,20 @@ balance_tasks(struct rq *this_rq, int th
int loops = 0, pulled = 0, pinned = 0;
struct task_struct *p;
long rem_load_move = max_load_move;
+ unsigned long busy_weight, this_weight, weight_scale;

if (max_load_move == 0)
goto out;

+ /*
+ * Compute a weight scale to properly account for the varying
+ * load inflation between these CPUs.
+ */
+ busy_weight = sched_scale_load(busiest, NICE_0_LOAD);
+ this_weight = sched_scale_load(this_rq, NICE_0_LOAD);
+
+ weight_scale = div_u64((u64)this_weight * NICE_0_LOAD, busy_weight);
+
pinned = 1;

/*
@@ -2978,7 +3081,7 @@ next:

pull_task(busiest, p, this_rq, this_cpu);
pulled++;
- rem_load_move -= p->se.load.weight;
+ rem_load_move -= (weight_scale * p->se.load.weight) >> NICE_0_SHIFT;

/*
* We only want to steal up to the prescribed amount of weighted load.
@@ -4211,6 +4314,7 @@ void scheduler_tick(void)
spin_lock(&rq->lock);
update_rq_clock(rq);
update_cpu_load(rq);
+ sched_age_time(rq);
curr->sched_class->task_tick(rq, curr, 0);
spin_unlock(&rq->lock);

Index: linux-2.6/kernel/sched_rt.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.orig/kernel/sched_rt.c
+++ linux-2.6/kernel/sched_rt.c
@@ -478,6 +478,14 @@ static void update_curr_rt(struct rq *rq
if (unlikely((s64)delta_exec < 0))
delta_exec = 0;

+#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
+ /*
+ * Account the time spend running RT tasks on this rq. Used to inflate
+ * this rq's load values.
+ */
+ rq->rt_time += delta_exec;
+#endif
+
schedstat_set(curr->se.exec_max, max(curr->se.exec_max, delta_exec));

curr->se.sum_exec_runtime += delta_exec;
Index: linux-2.6/kernel/softirq.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.orig/kernel/softirq.c
+++ linux-2.6/kernel/softirq.c
@@ -280,6 +280,7 @@ void irq_exit(void)
account_system_vtime(current);
trace_hardirq_exit();
sub_preempt_count(IRQ_EXIT_OFFSET);
+ sched_irq_exit();
if (!in_interrupt() && local_softirq_pending())
invoke_softirq();

Index: linux-2.6/kernel/sysctl.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.orig/kernel/sysctl.c
+++ linux-2.6/kernel/sysctl.c
@@ -309,6 +309,14 @@ static struct ctl_table kern_table[] = {
.mode = 0644,
.proc_handler = &proc_dointvec,
},
+ {
+ .ctl_name = CTL_UNNUMBERED,
+ .procname = "sched_time_avg_ms",
+ .data = &sysctl_sched_time_avg,
+ .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned int),
+ .mode = 0644,
+ .proc_handler = &proc_dointvec,
+ },
#endif
{
.ctl_name = CTL_UNNUMBERED,
Index: linux-2.6/kernel/sched_debug.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.orig/kernel/sched_debug.c
+++ linux-2.6/kernel/sched_debug.c
@@ -245,6 +245,8 @@ static void print_cpu(struct seq_file *m
P(nr_running);
SEQ_printf(m, " .%-30s: %lu\n", "load",
rq->load.weight);
+ SEQ_printf(m, " .%-30s: %ld\n", "scaled_load",
+ sched_scale_load(rq, rq->load.weight));
P(nr_switches);
P(nr_load_updates);
P(nr_uninterruptible);