[PATCH RFC 01/15 v5] gpio: Add a block GPIO API to gpiolib

Roland Stigge
2012-10-17T12:41:04Z

The recurring task of providing simultaneous access to GPIO lines (especially
for bit banging protocols) needs an appropriate API.

This patch adds a kernel internal "Block GPIO" API that enables simultaneous
access to several GPIOs. This is done by abstracting GPIOs to an n-bit word:
Once requested, it provides access to a group of GPIOs which can range over
multiple GPIO chips.

Signed-off-by: Roland Stigge <stigge@antcom.de>
---

Documentation/gpio.txt | 47 +++++++++
drivers/gpio/gpiolib.c | 217 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
include/asm-generic/gpio.h | 15 +++
include/linux/gpio.h | 74 +++++++++++++++
4 files changed, 353 insertions(+)

--- linux-2.6.orig/Documentation/gpio.txt
+++ linux-2.6/Documentation/gpio.txt
@@ -439,6 +439,53 @@ slower clock delays the rising edge of S
signaling rate accordingly.

+Block GPIO
+----------
+
+The above described interface concentrates on handling single GPIOs. However,
+in applications where it is critical to set several GPIOs at once, this
+interface doesn't work well, e.g. bit-banging protocols via grouped GPIO lines.
+Consider a GPIO controller that is connected via a slow I2C line. When
+switching two or more GPIOs one after another, there can be considerable time
+between those events. This is solved by an interface called Block GPIO:
+
+struct gpio_block *gpio_block_create(unsigned int *gpios, size_t size);
+
+This creates a new block of GPIOs as a list of GPIO numbers with the specified
+size which are accessible via the returned struct gpio_block and the accessor
+functions described below. Please note that you need to request the GPIOs
+separately via gpio_request(). An arbitrary list of globally valid GPIOs can be
+specified, even ranging over several gpio_chips. Actual handling of I/O
+operations will be done on a best effort base, i.e. simultaneous I/O only where
+possible by hardware and implemented in the respective GPIO driver. The number
+of GPIOs in one block is limited to the number of bits in an unsigned long, or
+BITS_PER_LONG, of the respective platform, i.e. typically at least 32 on a 32
+bit system, and at least 64 on a 64 bit system. However, several blocks can be
+defined at once.
+
+unsigned gpio_block_get(struct gpio_block *block);
+void gpio_block_set(struct gpio_block *block, unsigned value);
+
+With those accessor functions, setting and getting the GPIO values is possible,
+analogous to gpio_get_value() and gpio_set_value(). Each bit in the return
+value of gpio_block_get() and in the value argument of gpio_block_set()
+corresponds to a bit specified on gpio_block_create(). Block operations in
+hardware are only possible where the respective GPIO driver implements it,
+falling back to using single GPIO operations where the driver only implements
+single GPIO access.
+
+void gpio_block_free(struct gpio_block *block);
+
+After the GPIO block isn't used anymore, it should be free'd via
+gpio_block_free().
+
+int gpio_block_register(struct gpio_block *block);
+void gpio_block_unregister(struct gpio_block *block);
+
+These functions can be used to register a GPIO block. Blocks registered this
+way will be available via sysfs.
+
+
What do these conventions omit?
===============================
One of the biggest things these conventions omit is pin multiplexing, since
--- linux-2.6.orig/drivers/gpio/gpiolib.c
+++ linux-2.6/drivers/gpio/gpiolib.c
@@ -83,6 +83,8 @@ static inline void desc_set_label(struct
#endif
}

+static LIST_HEAD(gpio_block_list);
+
/* Warn when drivers omit gpio_request() calls -- legal but ill-advised
* when setting direction, and otherwise illegal. Until board setup code
* and drivers use explicit requests everywhere (which won't happen when
@@ -1676,6 +1678,221 @@ void __gpio_set_value(unsigned gpio, int
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__gpio_set_value);

+static int gpio_block_chip_index(struct gpio_block *block, struct gpio_chip *gc)
+{
+ int i;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < block->nchip; i++) {
+ if (block->gbc[i].gc == gc)
+ return i;
+ }
+ return -1;
+}
+
+struct gpio_block *gpio_block_create(unsigned *gpios, size_t size,
+ const char *name)
+{
+ struct gpio_block *block;
+ struct gpio_block_chip *gbc;
+ struct gpio_remap *remap;
+ void *tmp;
+ int i;
+
+ if (size < 1 || size > sizeof(unsigned long) * 8)
+ return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+
+ for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
+ if (!gpio_is_valid(gpios[i]))
+ return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+
+ block = kzalloc(sizeof(struct gpio_block), GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!block)
+ return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+
+ block->name = name;
+ block->ngpio = size;
+ block->gpio = kzalloc(sizeof(*block->gpio) * size, GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!block->gpio)
+ goto err1;
+
+ memcpy(block->gpio, gpios, sizeof(*block->gpio) * size);
+
+ for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+ struct gpio_chip *gc = gpio_to_chip(gpios[i]);
+ int bit = gpios[i] - gc->base;
+ int index = gpio_block_chip_index(block, gc);
+
+ if (index < 0) {
+ block->nchip++;
+ tmp = krealloc(block->gbc,
+ sizeof(struct gpio_block_chip) *
+ block->nchip, GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!tmp) {
+ kfree(block->gbc);
+ goto err2;
+ }
+ block->gbc = tmp;
+ gbc = &block->gbc[block->nchip - 1];
+ gbc->gc = gc;
+ gbc->remap = NULL;
+ gbc->nremap = 0;
+ gbc->mask = 0;
+ } else {
+ gbc = &block->gbc[index];
+ }
+ /* represents the mask necessary on calls to the driver's
+ * .get_block() and .set_block()
+ */
+ gbc->mask |= BIT(bit);
+
+ /* collect gpios that are specified together, represented by
+ * neighboring bits
+ *
+ * Note that even though in setting remap is given a negative
+ * index, the next lines guard that the potential out-of-bounds
+ * pointer is not dereferenced when out of bounds.
+ */
+ remap = &gbc->remap[gbc->nremap - 1];
+ if (!gbc->nremap || (bit - i != remap->offset)) {
+ gbc->nremap++;
+ tmp = krealloc(gbc->remap,
+ sizeof(struct gpio_remap) *
+ gbc->nremap, GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!tmp) {
+ kfree(gbc->remap);
+ goto err3;
+ }
+ gbc->remap = tmp;
+ remap = &gbc->remap[gbc->nremap - 1];
+ remap->offset = bit - i;
+ remap->mask = 0;
+ }
+
+ /* represents the mask necessary for bit reordering between
+ * gpio_block (i.e. as specified on gpio_block_get() and
+ * gpio_block_set()) and gpio_chip domain (i.e. as specified on
+ * the driver's .set_block() and .get_block())
+ */
+ remap->mask |= BIT(i);
+ }
+
+ return block;
+err3:
+ for (i = 0; i < block->nchip - 1; i++)
+ kfree(block->gbc[i].remap);
+ kfree(block->gbc);
+err2:
+ kfree(block->gpio);
+err1:
+ kfree(block);
+ return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(gpio_block_create);
+
+void gpio_block_free(struct gpio_block *block)
+{
+ int i;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < block->nchip; i++)
+ kfree(block->gbc[i].remap);
+ kfree(block->gpio);
+ kfree(block->gbc);
+ kfree(block);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(gpio_block_free);
+
+unsigned long gpio_block_get(const struct gpio_block *block)
+{
+ struct gpio_block_chip *gbc;
+ int i, j;
+ unsigned long values = 0;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < block->nchip; i++) {
+ unsigned long remapped = 0;
+
+ gbc = &block->gbc[i];
+
+ if (gbc->gc->get_block) {
+ remapped = gbc->gc->get_block(gbc->gc, gbc->mask);
+ } else {
+ /* emulate */
+ for_each_set_bit(j, &gbc->mask, BITS_PER_LONG)
+ remapped |= gbc->gc->get(gbc->gc,
+ gbc->gc->base + j) << j;
+ }
+
+ for (j = 0; j < gbc->nremap; j++) {
+ struct gpio_remap *gr = &gbc->remap[j];
+
+ values |= (remapped >> gr->offset) & gr->mask;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return values;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(gpio_block_get);
+
+void gpio_block_set(struct gpio_block *block, unsigned long values)
+{
+ struct gpio_block_chip *gbc;
+ int i, j;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < block->nchip; i++) {
+ unsigned long remapped = 0;
+
+ gbc = &block->gbc[i];
+
+ for (j = 0; j < gbc->nremap; j++) {
+ struct gpio_remap *gr = &gbc->remap[j];
+
+ remapped |= (values & gr->mask) << gr->offset;
+ }
+ if (gbc->gc->set_block) {
+ gbc->gc->set_block(gbc->gc, gbc->mask, remapped);
+ } else {
+ /* emulate */
+ for_each_set_bit(j, &gbc->mask, BITS_PER_LONG)
+ gbc->gc->set(gbc->gc, gbc->gc->base + j,
+ (remapped >> j) & 1);
+ }
+ }
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(gpio_block_set);
+
+struct gpio_block *gpio_block_find_by_name(const char *name)
+{
+ struct gpio_block *i;
+
+ list_for_each_entry(i, &gpio_block_list, list)
+ if (!strcmp(i->name, name))
+ return i;
+ return NULL;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(gpio_block_find_by_name);
+
+int gpio_block_register(struct gpio_block *block)
+{
+ if (gpio_block_find_by_name(block->name))
+ return -EBUSY;
+
+ list_add(&block->list, &gpio_block_list);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(gpio_block_register);
+
+void gpio_block_unregister(struct gpio_block *block)
+{
+ struct gpio_block *i;
+
+ list_for_each_entry(i, &gpio_block_list, list)
+ if (i == block) {
+ list_del(&i->list);
+ break;
+ }
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(gpio_block_unregister);
+
/**
* __gpio_cansleep() - report whether gpio value access will sleep
* @gpio: gpio in question
--- linux-2.6.orig/include/asm-generic/gpio.h
+++ linux-2.6/include/asm-generic/gpio.h
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ static inline bool gpio_is_valid(int num

struct device;
struct gpio;
+struct gpio_block;
struct seq_file;
struct module;
struct device_node;
@@ -105,6 +106,8 @@ struct gpio_chip {
unsigned offset);
int (*get)(struct gpio_chip *chip,
unsigned offset);
+ unsigned long (*get_block)(struct gpio_chip *chip,
+ unsigned long mask);
int (*direction_output)(struct gpio_chip *chip,
unsigned offset, int value);
int (*set_debounce)(struct gpio_chip *chip,
@@ -112,6 +115,9 @@ struct gpio_chip {

void (*set)(struct gpio_chip *chip,
unsigned offset, int value);
+ void (*set_block)(struct gpio_chip *chip,
+ unsigned long mask,
+ unsigned long values);

int (*to_irq)(struct gpio_chip *chip,
unsigned offset);
@@ -171,6 +177,15 @@ extern void gpio_set_value_cansleep(unsi
extern int __gpio_get_value(unsigned gpio);
extern void __gpio_set_value(unsigned gpio, int value);

+extern struct gpio_block *gpio_block_create(unsigned *gpio, size_t size,
+ const char *name);
+extern void gpio_block_free(struct gpio_block *block);
+extern unsigned long gpio_block_get(const struct gpio_block *block);
+extern void gpio_block_set(struct gpio_block *block, unsigned long values);
+extern struct gpio_block *gpio_block_find_by_name(const char *name);
+extern int gpio_block_register(struct gpio_block *block);
+extern void gpio_block_unregister(struct gpio_block *block);
+
extern int __gpio_cansleep(unsigned gpio);

extern int __gpio_to_irq(unsigned gpio);
--- linux-2.6.orig/include/linux/gpio.h
+++ linux-2.6/include/linux/gpio.h
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
#define __LINUX_GPIO_H

#include <linux/errno.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/list.h>

/* see Documentation/gpio.txt */

@@ -39,6 +41,43 @@ struct gpio {
const char *label;
};

+/*
+ * struct gpio_remap - a structure for describing a bit mapping
+ * @mask: a bit mask
+ * @offset: how many bits to shift to the left (negative: to the right)
+ *
+ * When we are mapping bit values from one word to another (here: from GPIO
+ * block domain to GPIO driver domain) we first mask them out with mask and
+ * shift them as specified with offset. More complicated mappings are done by
+ * grouping several of those structs and adding the results together.
+ */
+struct gpio_remap {
+ unsigned long mask;
+ int offset;
+};
+
+struct gpio_block_chip {
+ struct gpio_chip *gc;
+ struct gpio_remap *remap;
+ int nremap;
+ unsigned long mask;
+};
+
+/**
+ * struct gpio_block - a structure describing a list of GPIOs for simultaneous
+ * operations
+ */
+struct gpio_block {
+ struct gpio_block_chip *gbc;
+ size_t nchip;
+ const char *name;
+
+ int ngpio;
+ unsigned *gpio;
+
+ struct list_head list;
+};
+
#ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_GPIO

#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAVE_CUSTOM_GPIO_H
@@ -169,6 +208,41 @@ static inline void gpio_set_value(unsign
WARN_ON(1);
}

+static inline
+struct gpio_block *gpio_block_create(unsigned *gpios, size_t size,
+ const char *name)
+{
+ WARN_ON(1);
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline void gpio_block_free(struct gpio_block *block)
+{
+ WARN_ON(1);
+}
+
+static inline unsigned long gpio_block_get(const struct gpio_block *block)
+{
+ WARN_ON(1);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static inline void gpio_block_set(struct gpio_block *block, unsigned long value)
+{
+ WARN_ON(1);
+}
+
+static inline int gpio_block_register(struct gpio_block *block)
+{
+ WARN_ON(1);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static inline void gpio_block_unregister(struct gpio_block *block)
+{
+ WARN_ON(1);
+}
+
static inline int gpio_cansleep(unsigned gpio)
{
/* GPIO can never have been requested or set as {in,out}put */