[PATCH] bogus __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__ usage

[PATCH] bogus __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__ usage

[Dave Jones]

I just did a mini-audit of users of __KERNEL_SYSCALLS and turned
up a bunch of uglies. The patch below is the easy ones
(nothing to fix, they were defining it and including unistd.h for no reason).
The remainders will need more work.

	arch/ppc/platforms/chrp_smp.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
	arch/ppc/platforms/pmac_smp.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
	arch/ppc/kernel/smp.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
	arch/ppc/kernel/ppc_ksyms.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
	arch/cris/kernel/process.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
	arch/ia64/kernel/smp.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
	arch/ia64/kernel/smpboot.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
	arch/ia64/kernel/process.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__  /* see <asm/unistd.h> */
	arch/alpha/kernel/smp.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
	arch/alpha/kernel/alpha_ksyms.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
	arch/ppc64/kernel/pmac_smp.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
	arch/sparc/kernel/smp.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
	arch/sparc/kernel/sun4m_smp.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
	arch/sparc/kernel/process.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
	arch/sparc/kernel/sun4d_smp.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
	arch/sparc64/kernel/smp.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
	arch/sparc64/kernel/process.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
	arch/sparc64/kernel/power.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
	arch/parisc/kernel/smp.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
	arch/parisc/kernel/process.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
	arch/x86_64/kernel/process.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__

These can probably all go, but I don't have all the archs/toolchains
to testbuild them.

	drivers/sbus/char/bbc_envctrl.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
	drivers/sbus/char/envctrl.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__

Ditto. Probably a hangover from when kernel_thread was in unistd.h on some archs.

	drivers/scsi/cpqfcTSinit.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
Can probably go. wrapped in an ifdef __alpha__. Probably the
same reason as previous.  Alpha folks?

	drivers/scsi/oktagon_esp.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
m68k

	drivers/media/dvb/frontends/tda1004x.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
	drivers/media/dvb/frontends/sp887x.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
	drivers/media/dvb/frontends/alps_tdlb7.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__

Joy joy. Implementing their own firmware loaders by directly
reading files into kernel space. Icky.

	drivers/macintosh/mediabay.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
ppc. can probably go.

	init/do_mounts.h:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
	init/do_mounts.h~:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
	init/main.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
	init/initramfs.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
	kernel/kmod.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__

various magick. I'll leave these alone.

	net/ipv4/ipvs/ip_vs_sync.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__             /*  for waitpid */

Icky. I've already pinging maintainers about this, as this one is
totally broken on amd64 (whose waitpid calls sys_wait4 -- oops).

	sound/isa/wavefront/wavefront_synth.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
	sound/oss/wavfront.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__

Firmware loaders again.

Patch below fixes up the 'easy' cases. In case I've broken something on non-x86
arch, this should probably go for a spin in -mm before mainline.

		Dave


--- linux-2.6.2/drivers/md/md.c~	2004-02-12 15:59:59.000000000 +0000
+++ linux-2.6.2/drivers/md/md.c	2004-02-12 16:00:18.000000000 +0000
@@ -45,9 +45,6 @@
 #include <linux/kmod.h>
 #endif
 
-#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
-#include <linux/unistd.h>
-
 #include <asm/unaligned.h>
 
 #define MAJOR_NR MD_MAJOR
--- linux-2.6.2/drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_epp.c~	2004-02-12 16:00:35.000000000 +0000
+++ linux-2.6.2/drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_epp.c	2004-02-12 16:01:01.000000000 +0000
@@ -59,9 +59,6 @@
 #include <net/ax25.h> 
 #endif /* CONFIG_AX25 || CONFIG_AX25_MODULE */
 
-#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
-#include <linux/unistd.h>
-
 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 #define BAYCOM_DEBUG
--- linux-2.6.2/drivers/char/h8.c~	2004-02-12 16:01:08.000000000 +0000
+++ linux-2.6.2/drivers/char/h8.c	2004-02-12 16:01:32.000000000 +0000
@@ -30,9 +30,6 @@
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 
-#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
-#include <asm/unistd.h>
-
 #include "h8.h"
 
 #define DEBUG_H8
--- linux-2.6.2/drivers/scsi/qla2xxx/qla_os.h~	2004-02-12 16:02:48.000000000 +0000
+++ linux-2.6.2/drivers/scsi/qla2xxx/qla_os.h	2004-02-12 16:03:35.000000000 +0000
@@ -41,8 +41,6 @@
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/mempool.h>
 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
-#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
-#include <linux/unistd.h>
 #include <linux/smp_lock.h>
 #include <linux/bio.h>
 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
--- linux-2.6.2/drivers/scsi/cpqfcTSworker.c~	2004-02-12 16:04:14.000000000 +0000
+++ linux-2.6.2/drivers/scsi/cpqfcTSworker.c	2004-02-12 16:04:40.000000000 +0000
@@ -32,12 +32,8 @@
 #include <linux/smp_lock.h>
 #include <linux/pci.h>
 
-#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
-
 #define SHUTDOWN_SIGS	(sigmask(SIGKILL)|sigmask(SIGINT)|sigmask(SIGTERM))
 
-#include <linux/unistd.h>
-
 #include <asm/system.h>
 #include <asm/irq.h>
 #include <asm/dma.h>
--- linux-2.6.2/net/core/netfilter.c~	2004-02-12 16:05:36.000000000 +0000
+++ linux-2.6.2/net/core/netfilter.c	2004-02-12 16:05:46.000000000 +0000
@@ -27,9 +27,6 @@
 #include <net/route.h>
 #include <linux/ip.h>
 
-#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
-#include <linux/unistd.h>
-
 /* In this code, we can be waiting indefinitely for userspace to
  * service a packet if a hook returns NF_QUEUE.  We could keep a count
  * of skbuffs queued for userspace, and not deregister a hook unless
--- linux-2.6.2/net/sunrpc/svc.c~	2004-02-12 16:05:56.000000000 +0000
+++ linux-2.6.2/net/sunrpc/svc.c	2004-02-12 16:06:10.000000000 +0000
@@ -6,13 +6,11 @@
  * Copyright (C) 1995, 1996 Olaf Kirch <okir@monad.swb.de>
  */
 
-#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
 #include <linux/linkage.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/errno.h>
 #include <linux/net.h>
 #include <linux/in.h>
-#include <linux/unistd.h>
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 
 #include <linux/sunrpc/types.h>
--- linux-2.6.2/net/sunrpc/sched.c~	2004-02-12 16:06:16.000000000 +0000
+++ linux-2.6.2/net/sunrpc/sched.c	2004-02-12 16:06:28.000000000 +0000
@@ -11,12 +11,10 @@
 
 #include <linux/module.h>
 
-#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/mempool.h>
-#include <linux/unistd.h>
 #include <linux/smp.h>
 #include <linux/smp_lock.h>
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
--- linux-2.6.2/net/sunrpc/xprt.c~	2004-02-12 16:06:39.000000000 +0000
+++ linux-2.6.2/net/sunrpc/xprt.c	2004-02-12 16:06:44.000000000 +0000
@@ -43,8 +43,6 @@
  *   (C) 1999 Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
  */
 
-#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
-
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/capability.h>
@@ -56,7 +54,6 @@
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 #include <linux/udp.h>
 #include <linux/tcp.h>
-#include <linux/unistd.h>
 #include <linux/sunrpc/clnt.h>
 #include <linux/file.h>
 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
--- linux-2.6.2/net/bluetooth/bnep/core.c~	2004-02-12 16:06:59.000000000 +0000
+++ linux-2.6.2/net/bluetooth/bnep/core.c	2004-02-12 16:07:13.000000000 +0000
@@ -29,8 +29,6 @@
  * $Id: core.c,v 1.20 2002/08/04 21:23:58 maxk Exp $
  */ 
 
-#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
-
 #include <linux/config.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 
--- linux-2.6.2/net/bluetooth/rfcomm/core.c~	2004-02-12 16:07:24.000000000 +0000
+++ linux-2.6.2/net/bluetooth/rfcomm/core.c	2004-02-12 16:07:28.000000000 +0000
@@ -31,8 +31,6 @@
  * $Id: core.c,v 1.42 2002/10/01 23:26:25 maxk Exp $
  */
 
-#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
-
 #include <linux/config.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/errno.h>
--- linux-2.6.2/arch/i386/kernel/process.c~	2004-02-12 16:09:12.000000000 +0000
+++ linux-2.6.2/arch/i386/kernel/process.c	2004-02-12 16:09:48.000000000 +0000
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
  * This file handles the architecture-dependent parts of process handling..
  */
 
-#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
 #include <stdarg.h>
 
 #include <linux/errno.h>
@@ -23,7 +22,6 @@
 #include <linux/smp.h>
 #include <linux/smp_lock.h>
 #include <linux/stddef.h>
-#include <linux/unistd.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
 #include <linux/user.h>
--- linux-2.6.2/fs/jffs/inode-v23.c~	2004-02-12 16:10:17.000000000 +0000
+++ linux-2.6.2/fs/jffs/inode-v23.c	2004-02-12 16:11:20.000000000 +0000
@@ -26,14 +26,7 @@
  * maybe other stuff do to.
  */
 
-/* Argh. Some architectures have kernel_thread in asm/processor.h
-   Some have it in unistd.h and you need to define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
-   Pass me a baseball bat and the person responsible.
-   dwmw2
-*/
-#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
 #include <linux/time.h>
-#include <linux/unistd.h>
 
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
--- linux-2.6.2/fs/jffs2/background.c~	2004-02-12 16:11:42.000000000 +0000
+++ linux-2.6.2/fs/jffs2/background.c	2004-02-12 16:12:06.000000000 +0000
@@ -11,14 +11,10 @@
  *
  */
 
-#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
-
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/jffs2.h>
 #include <linux/mtd/mtd.h>
 #include <linux/completion.h>
-#include <linux/sched.h>
-#include <linux/unistd.h>
 #include <linux/suspend.h>
 #include "nodelist.h"
 
--- linux-2.6.2/fs/lockd/svc.c~	2004-02-12 16:12:16.000000000 +0000
+++ linux-2.6.2/fs/lockd/svc.c	2004-02-12 16:12:36.000000000 +0000
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
  * Copyright (C) 1995, 1996 Olaf Kirch <okir@monad.swb.de>
  */
 
-#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
 #include <linux/config.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
@@ -23,7 +22,6 @@
 #include <linux/errno.h>
 #include <linux/in.h>
 #include <linux/uio.h>
-#include <linux/unistd.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/smp.h>
 #include <linux/smp_lock.h>
--- linux-2.6.2/fs/lockd/clntlock.c~	2004-02-12 16:12:40.000000000 +0000
+++ linux-2.6.2/fs/lockd/clntlock.c	2004-02-12 16:12:53.000000000 +0000
@@ -6,13 +6,10 @@
  * Copyright (C) 1996, Olaf Kirch <okir@monad.swb.de>
  */
 
-#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
-
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/time.h>
 #include <linux/nfs_fs.h>
-#include <linux/unistd.h>
 #include <linux/sunrpc/clnt.h>
 #include <linux/sunrpc/svc.h>
 #include <linux/lockd/lockd.h>
--- linux-2.6.2/kernel/signal.c~	2004-02-12 16:14:57.000000000 +0000
+++ linux-2.6.2/kernel/signal.c	2004-02-12 16:15:11.000000000 +0000
@@ -10,12 +10,9 @@
  *		to allow signals to be sent reliably.
  */
 
-#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
-
 #include <linux/config.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
-#include <linux/unistd.h>
 #include <linux/smp_lock.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
--- linux-2.6.2/drivers/media/dvb/dvb-core/dvb_ringbuffer.c~	2004-02-12 16:25:00.000000000 +0000
+++ linux-2.6.2/drivers/media/dvb/dvb-core/dvb_ringbuffer.c	2004-02-12 16:25:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@
  */
 
 
-
-#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
 #include <linux/errno.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>

Re: [PATCH] bogus __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__ usage

[Johannes Stezenbach]

Dave Jones wrote:
> I just did a mini-audit of users of __KERNEL_SYSCALLS and turned
> up a bunch of uglies. The patch below is the easy ones
> (nothing to fix, they were defining it and including unistd.h for no reason).
> The remainders will need more work.
...
> 	drivers/media/dvb/frontends/tda1004x.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
> 	drivers/media/dvb/frontends/sp887x.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
> 	drivers/media/dvb/frontends/alps_tdlb7.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
> 
> Joy joy. Implementing their own firmware loaders by directly
> reading files into kernel space. Icky.

Old code, implemented before request_firmware() existed.

The problem is that the current dvb_i2c stuff has no direct access
to a sysfs struct device, which is necessary for request_firmware().
Possible solutions have briefly been discussed on the linux-dvb list,
one of them ditching dvb_i2c in favor of the kernel i2c subsystem.

So please be patient, work is under way. See also
Documentation/dvb/firmware.txt.


Johannes

Re: [PATCH] bogus __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__ usage

[Andrew Morton]

Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com> wrote:
>
> I just did a mini-audit of users of __KERNEL_SYSCALLS and turned
> up a bunch of uglies. The patch below is the easy ones

OK.  But Randy is currently beavering away at the astonishing number of
open-coded sys_foo() declarations, and that work has a significant
intersection with yours.

So can we please park this for now, pick it up again when Randy has
finished?

Re: [PATCH] bogus __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__ usage

[David Mosberger]

>>>>> On Thu, 12 Feb 2004 16:28:57 +0000, Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com> said:

  Dave> arch/ia64/kernel/smp.c
  Dave> arch/ia64/kernel/smpboot.c

Looks like these don't need __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__ anymore.

  Dave> arch/ia64/kernel/process.c

This one still needs it, because it calls clone() and _exit().

I'll fix the former two in my tree.

Thanks,

	--david

Re: [PATCH] bogus __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__ usage

[Dave Jones]

On Thu, Feb 12, 2004 at 01:43:42PM -0800, Andrew Morton wrote:

 > > I just did a mini-audit of users of __KERNEL_SYSCALLS and turned
 > > up a bunch of uglies. The patch below is the easy ones
 > 
 > OK.  But Randy is currently beavering away at the astonishing number of
 > open-coded sys_foo() declarations, and that work has a significant
 > intersection with yours.
 > 
 > So can we please park this for now, pick it up again when Randy has
 > finished?

Yeah, that's fine with me, as is Randy hoovering this up and rolling
it in with his stuff if he wants..

		Dave

Re: [PATCH] bogus __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__ usage

[Arnd Bergmann]

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1

On Thursday 12 February 2004, Dave Jones wrote:
> I just did a mini-audit of users of __KERNEL_SYSCALLS and turned
> up a bunch of uglies. The patch below is the easy ones
> (nothing to fix, they were defining it and including unistd.h for no
> reason). The remainders will need more work.

Incidentally, I've recently done the same and come to almost the some
conclusions. Comparing my list with yours, I have found two differences:

> 	arch/ia64/kernel/process.c:#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
I just saw davidm reply on this, nevermind.

./arch/sparc64/kernel/power.c:90:       if (execve("/sbin/shutdown", argv, envp) < 0) {
This appears to be missing from your list. Can probably be changed to
call_usermodehelper() if needed.

I also did the reverse search and found that some architectures have 
definitions for __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__ that are never used. In particular,
delete_module, exit, idle, pause, stat, sync, wait and wait4 are never
used as a kernel syscall, potentially also clone and _exit, when they are
removed from ia64 process.c.

Below is my list of which calls are actually done, in case someone wants to
know exactly. I'm not sure about what to do with execve(), but the other
legitimate uses of system call handlers in init/*.c are probably easy to
convert to their sys_* counterparts, once we have Randy's new syscalls.h.

	Arnd <><

*** _exit ***
./arch/ia64/kernel/process.c:597:               _exit(result);
*** clone ***
./arch/ia64/kernel/process.c:585:       tid = clone(flags | CLONE_VM | CLONE_UNTRACED, 0);
*** close ***
./init/do_mounts.c:73:  close(fd);
./init/do_mounts.c:103: close(fd);
./init/do_mounts.c:330:         close(fd);
./init/do_mounts.c:341:         close(fd);
./init/do_mounts_devfs.c:64:                    close(fd);
./init/do_mounts_devfs.c:74:    close(fd);
./init/do_mounts_initrd.c:31:   close(old_fd);close(root_fd);
./init/do_mounts_initrd.c:32:   close(0);close(1);close(2);
./init/do_mounts_initrd.c:70:   close(old_fd);
./init/do_mounts_initrd.c:71:   close(root_fd);
./init/do_mounts_initrd.c:96:                   close(fd);
./init/do_mounts_md.c:166:                      close(fd);
./init/do_mounts_md.c:212:              close(fd);
./init/do_mounts_md.c:249:                      close(fd);
./init/do_mounts_rd.c:208:                      if (close(in_fd)) {
./init/do_mounts_rd.c:234:      close(in_fd);
./init/do_mounts_rd.c:236:      close(out_fd);
./sound/isa/wavefront/wavefront_synth.c:2008:   close (fd);
./sound/isa/wavefront/wavefront_synth.c:2013:   close (fd);
./sound/oss/wavfront.c:2584:    close (fd);
./sound/oss/wavfront.c:2589:    close (fd);
*** delete_module ***
*** dup ***
./init/do_mounts_initrd.c:35:   (void) dup(0);
./init/do_mounts_initrd.c:36:   (void) dup(0);
./init/main.c:599:      (void) dup(0);
./init/main.c:600:      (void) dup(0);
*** execve ***
./init/do_mounts_initrd.c:37:   return execve(shell, argv, envp_init);
./arch/sparc64/kernel/power.c:90:       if (execve("/sbin/shutdown", argv, envp) < 0) {
./drivers/sbus/char/bbc_envctrl.c:201:  if (execve("/sbin/shutdown", argv, envp) < 0)
./drivers/sbus/char/envctrl.c:1007:     if (0 > execve("/sbin/shutdown", argv, envp)) {
./init/main.c:559:      execve(init_filename, argv_init, envp_init);
./kernel/kmod.c:173:            retval = execve(sub_info->path, sub_info->argv,sub_info->envp);
*** exit ***
*** idle ***
*** lseek ***
./init/do_mounts_devfs.c:31:    lseek(fd, 0, 0);
./init/do_mounts_rd.c:68:       lseek(fd, start_block * BLOCK_SIZE, 0);
./init/do_mounts_rd.c:95:       lseek(fd, (start_block+1) * BLOCK_SIZE, 0);
./init/do_mounts_rd.c:122:      lseek(fd, start_block * BLOCK_SIZE, 0);
./drivers/media/dvb/frontends/alps_tdlb7.c:158: filesize = lseek(fd, 0L, 2);
./drivers/media/dvb/frontends/alps_tdlb7.c:172: lseek(fd, SP8870_FIRMWARE_OFFSET, 0);
./drivers/media/dvb/frontends/sp887x.c:219:     filesize = lseek(fd, 0L, 2);
./drivers/media/dvb/frontends/sp887x.c:241:     lseek(fd, 10, 0);
./drivers/media/dvb/frontends/tda1004x.c:297:   filesize = lseek(fd, 0L, 2);
./drivers/media/dvb/frontends/tda1004x.c:327:   lseek(fd, tda10045h_fwinfo[fwinfo_idx].fw_offset, 0);
*** open ***
./init/do_mounts.c:69:  fd = open(path, 0, 0);
./init/do_mounts.c:99:  fd = open(path, 0, 0);
./init/do_mounts.c:327: fd = open("/dev/root", O_RDWR | O_NDELAY, 0);
./init/do_mounts.c:333: fd = open("/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0);
./init/do_mounts_devfs.c:51:    int fd = open(path, 0, 0);
./init/do_mounts_initrd.c:34:   (void) open("/dev/console",O_RDWR,0);
./init/do_mounts_initrd.c:50:   root_fd = open("/", 0, 0);
./init/do_mounts_initrd.c:51:   old_fd = open("/old", 0, 0);
./init/do_mounts_initrd.c:87:           int fd = open("/dev/root.old", O_RDWR, 0);
./init/do_mounts_md.c:157:              fd = open(name, 0, 0);
./init/do_mounts_md.c:246:              int fd = open("/dev/md0", 0, 0);
./init/do_mounts_rd.c:139:      out_fd = open("/dev/ram", O_RDWR, 0);
./init/do_mounts_rd.c:143:      in_fd = open(from, O_RDONLY, 0);
./init/do_mounts_rd.c:213:                      in_fd = open(from, O_RDONLY, 0);
./drivers/media/dvb/frontends/alps_tdlb7.c:152: fd = open(fn, 0, 0);
./drivers/media/dvb/frontends/sp887x.c:213:     fd = open(sp887x_firmware, 0, 0);
./drivers/media/dvb/frontends/tda1004x.c:291:   fd = open(tda1004x_firmware, 0, 0);
./init/main.c:596:      if (open("/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0) < 0)
./sound/isa/wavefront/wavefront_synth.c:1950:   if ((fd = open (path, 0, 0)) < 0) {
./sound/oss/wavfront.c:2526:    if ((fd = open (path, 0, 0)) < 0) {
*** pause ***
*** read ***
./init/do_mounts.c:72:  len = read(fd, buf, 32);
./init/do_mounts.c:102: len = read(fd, buf, 32);
./init/do_mounts.c:338:         read(fd, &c, 1);
./init/do_mounts_rd.c:69:       read(fd, buf, size);
./init/do_mounts_rd.c:96:       read(fd, buf, size);
./init/do_mounts_rd.c:220:              read(in_fd, buf, BLOCK_SIZE);
./init/do_mounts_rd.c:333:      insize = read(crd_infd, inbuf, INBUFSIZ);
./drivers/media/dvb/frontends/alps_tdlb7.c:173: if (read(fd, dp, SP8870_FIRMWARE_SIZE) != SP8870_FIRMWARE_SIZE) {
./drivers/media/dvb/frontends/sp887x.c:242:     if (read(fd, firmware, fw_size) != fw_size) {
./drivers/media/dvb/frontends/tda1004x.c:328:   if (read(fd, firmware, fw_size) != fw_size) {
./sound/isa/wavefront/wavefront_synth.c:1959:           if ((x = read (fd, &section_length, sizeof (section_length))) !=
./sound/isa/wavefront/wavefront_synth.c:1969:           if (read (fd, section, section_length) != section_length) {
./sound/oss/wavfront.c:2535:            if ((x = read (fd, &section_length, sizeof (section_length))) !=
./sound/oss/wavfront.c:2545:            if (read (fd, section, section_length) != section_length) {
*** setsid ***
./init/do_mounts_initrd.c:33:   setsid();
*** stat ***
*** sync ***
*** wait ***
*** wait4 ***
*** waitpid ***
./init/do_mounts_initrd.c:60:           while (pid != waitpid(-1, &i, 0))
./net/ipv4/ipvs/ip_vs_sync.c:867:       if ((waitpid_result = waitpid(pid, NULL, __WCLONE)) != pid) {
*** write ***
./init/do_mounts_rd.c:221:              write(out_fd, buf, BLOCK_SIZE);
./init/do_mounts_rd.c:354:    written = write(crd_outfd, window, outcnt);
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