Re: Block request processing for MMC/SD over SPI bus

David Brownell
2006-08-01T16:21:26Z

On Tuesday 01 August 2006 7:45 am, David Brownell wrote:

> http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/forum.php?thread_id=13335072&forum_id=45866

Whoops, that's a stupid archive, one that doesn't record entire patches.
Here's the relevant patch.

- Dave

This is an experimental MMC-to-SPI adapter, updated for 2.6.17 and
generalized from the original by Mike Lavender. It would be used with
MMC/SD card slots hooked up to SPI controllers, as is common with systems
that don't have parallel MMC/SD controllers.

This version gets part way through MMC and SD card enumeration, given
a driver for the spi controller hooked up to the card. There are some
annoying hardware states it doesn't seem to detect, avoid or recover from;
but those could very easily be SPI controller driver issues.

All MMC, SD, and SDIO cards have two options for connection hardware,
ignoring things like bridges to USB:

- The "native" option using dedicated "MCI" controllers that may support
parallel as well as serial signaling. Linux already supports a number
of these; many Linux-capable SOCs include one.

- The simpler option uses SPI controllers, which are multipurpose but
serial-only. SPI is more widely supported on microcontrollers, so
this option is probably most interesting with uClinux.

The protocol messages used to talk to such cards over the two types of
connection have small differences in both content and encoding, which
are not currently known to the Linux MMC core. Such knowledge sits in
this driver for now, but some of it might be better in the MMC core.

This requires a new SPI primitive somewhat like the mmc_host_claim()
calls; that SPI primitive is still in the prototype stage.

REVISIT: tweak transfer limits to avoid being a bus + cpu hog

Index: at91/drivers/mmc/Kconfig
===================================================================
--- at91.orig/drivers/mmc/Kconfig 2006-06-06 22:06:01.000000000 -0700
+++ at91/drivers/mmc/Kconfig 2006-06-06 22:06:14.000000000 -0700
@@ -109,4 +109,15 @@ config MMC_AT91RM9200

If unsure, say N.

+config MMC_SPI
+ tristate "MMC/SD over SPI"
+ depends on MMC && SPI && EXPERIMENTAL
+ help
+ Some systems accss MMC/SD cards using the SPI protocol instead of
+ using an MMC/SD controller. The disadvantage of using SPI is that
+ it's often not as fast; its compensating advantage is that SPI is
+ available on many systems without MMC/SD controllers.
+
+ If unsure, or if your system has no SPI controller driver, say N.
+
endmenu
Index: at91/include/linux/spi/mmc_spi.h
===================================================================
--- /dev/null 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ at91/include/linux/spi/mmc_spi.h 2006-06-06 22:06:14.000000000 -0700
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#ifndef __LINUX_SPI_MMC_SPI_H
+#define __LINUX_SPI_MMC_SPI_H
+
+#include <linux/mmc/protocol.h>
+#include <linux/interrupt.h>
+
+struct device;
+struct mmc_host;
+
+/* something to put in platform_data of a device being used
+ * to manage an MMC/SD card slot
+ *
+ * REVISIT this isn't spi-specific, any card slot should be
+ * able to handle it
+ */
+struct mmc_spi_platform_data {
+ /* driver activation and (optional) card detect irq */
+ int (*init)(struct device *,
+ irqreturn_t (*)(int, void *, struct pt_regs *),
+ void *);
+ void (*exit)(struct device *, void *);
+
+ /* how long to debounce card detect, in jiffies */
+ unsigned long detect_delay;
+
+ /* sense switch on sd cards */
+ int (*get_ro)(struct device *);
+
+ /* power management */
+ unsigned int ocr_mask; /* available voltages */
+ void (*setpower)(struct device *, unsigned int);
+};
+
+#endif /* __LINUX_SPI_MMC_SPI_H */
Index: at91/drivers/mmc/Makefile
===================================================================
--- at91.orig/drivers/mmc/Makefile 2006-06-06 21:58:55.000000000 -0700
+++ at91/drivers/mmc/Makefile 2006-06-06 22:06:14.000000000 -0700
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_MMC_WBSD) += wbsd.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MMC_AU1X) += au1xmmc.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MMC_OMAP) += omap.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MMC_AT91RM9200) += at91_mci.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_MMC_SPI) += mmc_spi.o

mmc_core-y := mmc.o mmc_queue.o mmc_sysfs.o

Index: at91/drivers/mmc/mmc_spi.c
===================================================================
--- /dev/null 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ at91/drivers/mmc/mmc_spi.c 2006-06-06 22:06:15.000000000 -0700
@@ -0,0 +1,1222 @@
+/*
+ * mmc_spi.c - Access an SD/MMC card using the SPI bus
+ *
+ * (C) Copyright 2005, Intec Automation,
+ * Mike Lavender (mike@steroidmicros)
+ * (C) Copyright 2006, David Brownell
+ *
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/config.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/delay.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
+#include <linux/device.h>
+#include <linux/blkdev.h>
+#include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
+
+#include <linux/mmc/host.h>
+#include <linux/mmc/protocol.h>
+
+#include <linux/spi/spi.h>
+#include <linux/spi/mmc_spi.h>
+
+
+/* NOTES:
+ *
+ * - For now, we won't try to interoperate with a real mmc/sd/sdio
+ * controller. The main reason for such configs would be mmc-format
+ * cards which (like dataflash) don't support that "other" protocol.
+ * SPI mode is a bit slower than non-parallel versions of MMC.
+ *
+ * - Likewise we don't try to detect dataflash cards, which would
+ * imply switching to a different driver. Not many folk folk use
+ * both dataflash cards and MMC/SD cards, and Linux doesn't have
+ * an "MMC/SD interface" abstraction for coupling to drivers.
+ *
+ * - This version gets part way through enumeration of MMC cards.
+ *
+ * - Protocol details, including timings, need to be audited
+ *
+ * - A "use CRCs" option would probably be useful.
+ */
+
+
+/*
+ * Local defines
+ */
+
+// MOVE TO <linux/mmc/protocol.h> ?
+#define SPI_MMC_COMMAND 0x40 /* mask into mmc command */
+
+/* class 0 */
+#define SPI_MMC_READ_OCR 58 /* R3, SPI-only */
+#define SPI_MMC_CRC_ON_OFF 59 /* SPI-only */
+
+/* R1 response status to almost all commands */
+#define SPI_MMC_R1_IDLE 0x01
+#define SPI_MMC_R1_ERASE_RESET 0x02
+#define SPI_MMC_R1_ILLEGAL_COMMAND 0x04
+#define SPI_MMC_R1_COM_CRC 0x08
+#define SPI_MMC_R1_ERASE_SEQ 0x10
+#define SPI_MMC_R1_ADDRESS 0x20
+#define SPI_MMC_R1_PARAMETER 0x40
+
+/* R2 response to CMD13 (SEND_STATUS) is an R1 plus a high byte */
+#define SPI_MMC_R2_CARD_LOCKED 0x01
+#define SPI_MMC_R2_WP_ERASE_SKIP 0x02
+#define SPI_MMC_R2_ERROR 0x04
+#define SPI_MMC_R2_CC_ERROR 0x08
+#define SPI_MMC_R2_CARD_ECC_ERROR 0x10
+#define SPI_MMC_R2_WP_VIOLATION 0x20
+#define SPI_MMC_R2_ERASE_PARAM 0x40
+#define SPI_MMC_R2_OUT_OF_RANGE 0x80
+
+/* response tokens used to ack each block written: */
+#define SPI_MMC_RESPONSE_CODE(x) ((x) & (7 << 1))
+#define SPI_RESPONSE_ACCEPTED (2 << 1)
+#define SPI_RESPONSE_CRC_ERR (5 << 1)
+#define SPI_RESPONSE_WRITE_ERR (6 << 1)
+
+/* read and write blocks start with these tokens and end with crc;
+ * on error, read tokens act like SPI_MMC_R2 values.
+ */
+#define SPI_TOKEN_SINGLE 0xfe /* single block r/w, multiblock read */
+#define SPI_TOKEN_MULTI_WRITE 0xfc /* multiblock write */
+#define SPI_TOKEN_STOP_TRAN 0xfd /* terminate multiblock write */
+// END MOVE
+
+
+#define NO_ARG 0x00000000 // No argument all 0's
+
+#define CRC_GO_IDLE_STATE 0x95
+#define CRC_NO_CRC 0x01
+
+#define MMC_POWERCYCLE_MSECS 20 /* board-specific? */
+
+
+#define MINI_TIMEOUT msecs_to_jiffies(1)
+#define READ_TIMEOUT msecs_to_jiffies(100)
+#define WRITE_TIMEOUT msecs_to_jiffies(250)
+
+
+/****************************************************************************/
+
+/*
+ * Local Data Structures
+ */
+
+union mmc_spi_command {
+ u8 buf[7];
+ struct {
+ u8 dummy;
+ u8 code;
+ u8 addr1;
+ u8 addr2;
+ u8 addr3;
+ u8 addr4;
+ u8 crc;
+ } command;
+};
+
+
+struct mmc_spi_host {
+ struct mmc_host *mmc;
+ struct spi_device *spi;
+ u8 *rx_buf;
+ u8 *tx_buf;
+ u32 tx_idx;
+ u32 rx_idx;
+ u8 cid_sequence;
+ u8 rsp_type;
+ u8 app_cmd;
+
+ struct mmc_spi_platform_data *pdata;
+
+ /* for bulk data transfers */
+ struct spi_transfer token, t, crc;
+ struct spi_message m;
+
+ /* for status readback */
+ struct spi_transfer status;
+ struct spi_message readback;
+
+ /* underlying controller might support dma, but we can't
+ * rely on it being used for any particular request
+ */
+ struct device *dma_dev;
+ dma_addr_t dma; /* of mmc_spi_host */
+
+ /* pre-allocated dma-safe buffers */
+ union mmc_spi_command command;
+ u8 data_token;
+ u8 status_byte;
+ u16 crc_val;
+ u8 response[2];
+
+ /* specs describe always writing ones even if we
+ * don't think the card should care what it sees.
+ */
+ u8 ones[512];
+};
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+static unsigned debug = 1;
+module_param(debug, uint, 0644);
+#else
+#define debug 0
+#endif
+
+/****************************************************************************/
+
+static inline int mmc_spi_readbyte(struct mmc_spi_host *host)
+{
+ int status = spi_sync(host->spi, &host->readback);
+ if (status < 0)
+ return status;
+ return host->status_byte;
+}
+
+static inline int
+mmc_spi_readbytes(struct mmc_spi_host *host, void *bytes, unsigned len)
+{
+ int status;
+
+ host->status.rx_buf = bytes;
+ host->status.len = len;
+
+ host->readback.is_dma_mapped = 0;
+ status = spi_sync(host->spi, &host->readback);
+ host->readback.is_dma_mapped = 1;
+
+ host->status.rx_buf = &host->status_byte;
+ host->status.len = 1;
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+/* REVISIT: is this fast enough? these kinds of sync points could easily
+ * be offloaded to irq-ish code called by controller drivers, eliminating
+ * context switch costs.
+ *
+ * REVISIT: after writes and erases, mmc_spi_busy() == false might be a
+ * fair hint to yield exclusive access to the card (so another driver can
+ * use the bus) and msleep if busy-waiting doesn't succeed quickly.
+ */
+static int mmc_spi_busy(u8 byte)
+{
+ return byte == 0;
+}
+
+static int mmc_spi_delayed(u8 byte)
+{
+ return byte == 0xff;
+}
+
+static int
+mmc_spi_scanbyte(struct mmc_spi_host *host, int (*fail)(u8), unsigned delay)
+{
+ int value;
+ unsigned wait;
+ unsigned long end_delay = jiffies + delay;
+
+ for (wait = 0;; wait++) {
+ value = mmc_spi_readbyte(host);
+ if (value < 0)
+ return value;
+ if (!fail(value)) {
+ if (debug > 1)
+ pr_debug(" mmc_spi: token %02x, wait %d\n",
+ value, wait);
+ return value;
+ }
+ if (time_after(jiffies, end_delay))
+ return -ETIMEDOUT;
+ }
+}
+
+static inline void mmc_spi_map_r1(struct mmc_command *cmd, u8 r1)
+{
+ u32 mapped = 0;
+
+ /* spi mode doesn't expose the mmc/sd state machine, but
+ * we can at least avoid lying about the IDLE state
+ */
+ if (!(r1 & SPI_MMC_R1_IDLE))
+ mapped |= (3 /*standby*/ << 9);
+
+ if (r1 & (SPI_MMC_R1_ERASE_RESET
+ | SPI_MMC_R1_ERASE_SEQ
+ | SPI_MMC_R1_ADDRESS
+ | SPI_MMC_R1_PARAMETER)) {
+ cmd->error = MMC_ERR_FAILED;
+ if (r1 & SPI_MMC_R1_ERASE_RESET)
+ mapped |= R1_ERASE_RESET;
+ if (r1 & SPI_MMC_R1_ERASE_SEQ)
+ mapped |= R1_ERASE_SEQ_ERROR;
+ if (r1 & SPI_MMC_R1_ADDRESS)
+ mapped |= R1_ADDRESS_ERROR;
+ /* this one's a loose match... */
+ if (r1 & SPI_MMC_R1_PARAMETER)
+ mapped |= R1_BLOCK_LEN_ERROR;
+ }
+ if (r1 & SPI_MMC_R1_ILLEGAL_COMMAND) {
+ cmd->error = MMC_ERR_INVALID;
+ mapped |= R1_ILLEGAL_COMMAND;
+ }
+ if (r1 & SPI_MMC_R1_COM_CRC) {
+ cmd->error = MMC_ERR_BADCRC;
+ mapped |= R1_COM_CRC_ERROR;
+ }
+
+ cmd->resp[0] = mapped;
+}
+
+static void mmc_spi_map_r2(struct mmc_command *cmd, u8 r2)
+{
+ u32 mapped = 0;
+
+ if (!r2)
+ return;
+
+ if (r2 & SPI_MMC_R2_CARD_LOCKED)
+ mapped |= R1_CARD_IS_LOCKED;
+ if (r2 & SPI_MMC_R2_WP_ERASE_SKIP)
+ mapped |= R1_WP_ERASE_SKIP;
+ if (r2 & SPI_MMC_R2_ERROR)
+ mapped |= R1_ERROR;
+ if (r2 & SPI_MMC_R2_CC_ERROR)
+ mapped |= R1_CC_ERROR;
+ if (r2 & SPI_MMC_R2_CARD_ECC_ERROR)
+ mapped |= R1_CARD_ECC_FAILED;
+ if (r2 & SPI_MMC_R2_WP_VIOLATION)
+ mapped |= R1_WP_VIOLATION;
+ if (r2 & SPI_MMC_R2_ERASE_PARAM)
+ mapped |= R1_ERASE_PARAM;
+ if (r2 & SPI_MMC_R2_OUT_OF_RANGE)
+ mapped |= R1_OUT_OF_RANGE | R1_CID_CSD_OVERWRITE;
+
+ if (mapped) {
+ cmd->resp[0] |= mapped;
+ if (cmd->error == MMC_ERR_NONE)
+ cmd->error = MMC_ERR_INVALID;
+ }
+}
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+static char *maptype(u8 type)
+{
+ switch (type) {
+ case MMC_RSP_R1: return "R1";
+ case MMC_RSP_R1B: return "R1B";
+ case MMC_RSP_R2: return "R2";
+ case MMC_RSP_R3: return "R3";
+ case MMC_RSP_NONE: return "NONE";
+ default: return "?";
+ }
+}
+#endif
+
+static void
+mmc_spi_response_get(struct mmc_spi_host *host, struct mmc_command *cmd)
+{
+ int value;
+
+ pr_debug("%sCMD%d response SPI_%s: ",
+ host->app_cmd ? "A" : "",
+ cmd->opcode, maptype(host->rsp_type));
+
+ value = mmc_spi_scanbyte(host, mmc_spi_delayed, MINI_TIMEOUT);
+ host->response[0] = value;
+ host->response[1] = 0;
+
+ if (value < 0) {
+ pr_debug("mmc_spi: response error, %d\n", value);
+ cmd->error = MMC_ERR_FAILED;
+ return;
+ }
+
+ if (host->response[0] & 0x80) {
+ dev_err(&host->spi->dev, "INVALID RESPONSE, %02x\n",
+ host->response[0]);
+ cmd->error = MMC_ERR_FAILED;
+ return;
+ }
+
+ cmd->error = MMC_ERR_NONE;
+ mmc_spi_map_r1(cmd, host->response[0]);
+
+ switch (host->rsp_type) {
+
+ /* SPI R1 and R1B are a subset of the MMC/SD R1 */
+ case MMC_RSP_R1B:
+ /* wait for not-busy (could be deferred...) */
+ // REVISIT: could be a (shorter) read timeout
+ // ... and the timeouts derived from chip parameters
+ // will likely be nicer/shorter
+ (void) mmc_spi_scanbyte(host, mmc_spi_busy, WRITE_TIMEOUT);
+ /* FALLTHROUGH */
+ case MMC_RSP_R1:
+ /* no more */
+ break;
+
+ /* SPI R2 is bigger subset of the MMC/SD R1; unrelated to MMC/SD R2 */
+ case MMC_RSP_R2:
+ /* read second status byte */
+ host->response[1] = mmc_spi_readbyte(host);
+ mmc_spi_map_r2(cmd, host->response[1]);
+ break;
+
+ /* SPI R3 is SPI R1 plus OCR */
+ case MMC_RSP_R3:
+ /* NOTE: many controllers can't support 32 bit words,
+ * which is why we use byteswapping here instead.
+ */
+ (void) mmc_spi_readbytes(host, &cmd->resp[0], 4);
+ be32_to_cpus(&cmd->resp[0]);
+ be32_to_cpus(&cmd->resp[1]);
+ be32_to_cpus(&cmd->resp[2]);
+ be32_to_cpus(&cmd->resp[3]);
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ pr_debug("unknown rsp_type\n");
+ }
+
+ if (host->response[0] || host->response[1])
+ pr_debug(" mmc_spi: resp %02x.%02x\n",
+ host->response[1],
+ host->response[0]);
+
+ /* The SPI binding to MMC/SD cards uses different conventions
+ * than the other one. Unless/until the mmc core learns about
+ * SPI rules, we must handle it here...
+ */
+ switch (mmc_resp_type(cmd)) {
+ case MMC_RSP_R1:
+ case MMC_RSP_R1B:
+ switch (host->rsp_type) {
+ case MMC_RSP_R1B:
+ case MMC_RSP_R1:
+ case MMC_RSP_R2:
+ /* spi doesn't explicitly expose this bit */
+ if (cmd->error == MMC_ERR_NONE
+ && cmd->opcode == MMC_APP_CMD)
+ cmd->resp[0] |= R1_APP_CMD;
+ break;
+ default:
+badmap:
+ pr_debug("mmc_spi: no map SPI_%s --> MMC_%s/%02x\n",
+ maptype(host->rsp_type),
+ maptype(mmc_resp_type(cmd)),
+ mmc_resp_type(cmd));
+ if (cmd->error == MMC_ERR_NONE)
+ cmd->error = MMC_ERR_FAILED;
+ }
+ break;
+ case MMC_RSP_R2:
+ switch (cmd->opcode) {
+ case MMC_SEND_CID:
+ case MMC_SEND_CSD:
+ /* we special case these by waiting for the
+ * data stage (with CID/CSD)
+ */
+ break;
+ default:
+ goto badmap;
+ }
+ break;
+ case MMC_RSP_R3:
+ /* for some cases, OCR is patched up later */
+ if (host->rsp_type != MMC_RSP_R3
+ && cmd->error == MMC_ERR_NONE
+ && !( (cmd->opcode == MMC_SEND_OP_COND
+ && !host->app_cmd)
+ || (cmd->opcode == SD_APP_OP_COND
+ && host->app_cmd))
+ ) {
+ pr_debug("** MMC_R3 mismatch to SPI_%s\n",
+ maptype(host->rsp_type));
+ cmd->error = MMC_ERR_FAILED;
+ }
+ break;
+ case MMC_RSP_NONE:
+ if (cmd->opcode == MMC_GO_IDLE_STATE) {
+ if (!(host->response[0] & SPI_MMC_R1_IDLE)
+ && cmd->error == MMC_ERR_NONE) {
+ /* maybe it finished initialization early */
+ pr_debug(" ?? not idle ??\n");
+ }
+ } else
+ goto badmap;
+ }
+}
+
+/* SPI response types aren't always good matches for "native" ones */
+
+/* REVISIT probably should have SPI_RSP_R1 etc */
+
+static const u8 resp_map[64] = {
+ [ 0] = MMC_RSP_R1,
+ [ 1] = MMC_RSP_R1,
+ [ 6] = MMC_RSP_R1,
+ [ 9] = MMC_RSP_R1,
+
+ [10] = MMC_RSP_R1,
+ [12] = MMC_RSP_R1B,
+ [13] = MMC_RSP_R2,
+ [16] = MMC_RSP_R1,
+ [17] = MMC_RSP_R1,
+ [18] = MMC_RSP_R1,
+
+ [24] = MMC_RSP_R1,
+ [25] = MMC_RSP_R1,
+ [27] = MMC_RSP_R1,
+ [28] = MMC_RSP_R1B,
+ [29] = MMC_RSP_R1B,
+
+ [30] = MMC_RSP_R1,
+ [32] = MMC_RSP_R1,
+ [33] = MMC_RSP_R1,
+ [34] = MMC_RSP_R1,
+ [35] = MMC_RSP_R1,
+ [36] = MMC_RSP_R1,
+ [37] = MMC_RSP_R1,
+ [38] = MMC_RSP_R1B,
+
+ [42] = MMC_RSP_R1B,
+
+ [55] = MMC_RSP_R1,
+ [56] = MMC_RSP_R1,
+ [58] = MMC_RSP_R3, /* SPI-only command */
+ [59] = MMC_RSP_R1, /* SPI-only command */
+};
+
+static const u8 acmd_map[64] = {
+ [13] = MMC_RSP_R2,
+
+ [22] = MMC_RSP_R1,
+ [23] = MMC_RSP_R1,
+
+ [41] = MMC_RSP_R1,
+ [42] = MMC_RSP_R1,
+
+ [51] = MMC_RSP_R1,
+};
+
+
+/* Issue command and read its response.
+ * Returns zero on success, negative for error.
+ *
+ * On error, caller must cope with mmc core retry mechanism. That
+ * means immediate low-level resubmit, which affects the bus lock...
+ */
+static int
+mmc_spi_command_send(struct mmc_spi_host *host,
+ struct mmc_request *mrq, u32 crc)
+{
+ struct mmc_command *cmd = mrq->cmd;
+ union mmc_spi_command *tx = &host->command;
+ u32 arg = cmd->arg;
+ int status;
+ unsigned opcode;
+ unsigned opcond_retries = 25;
+
+again:
+ opcode = cmd->opcode;
+ if (host->app_cmd)
+ host->rsp_type = acmd_map[opcode & 0x3f];
+ else
+ host->rsp_type = resp_map[opcode & 0x3f];
+
+ if (host->rsp_type == MMC_RSP_NONE) {
+ pr_debug(" mmc_spi: INVALID %sCMD%d (%02x)\n",
+ host->app_cmd ? "A" : "",
+ opcode, opcode);
+ cmd->error = MMC_ERR_INVALID;
+ cmd->resp[0] = R1_ILLEGAL_COMMAND;
+ return -EBADR;
+ }
+
+ /* after 8 clock cycles the card is ready, and done previous cmd */
+ tx->command.dummy = 0xFF;
+
+ tx->command.code = opcode | SPI_MMC_COMMAND;
+ tx->command.addr1 = (arg & 0xFF000000) >> 24;
+ tx->command.addr2 = (arg & 0x00FF0000) >> 16;
+ tx->command.addr3 = (arg & 0x0000FF00) >> 8;
+ tx->command.addr4 = (arg & 0x000000FF);
+ tx->command.crc = crc & 0x000000FF;
+
+ pr_debug(" mmc_spi: %scmd%d (%02x)\n",
+ host->app_cmd ? "a" : "", opcode, opcode);
+ status = spi_write(host->spi, tx->buf, sizeof(tx->buf));
+ if (status < 0) {
+ pr_debug(" ... write returned %d\n", status);
+ cmd->error = MMC_ERR_FAILED;
+ return -EBADR;
+ }
+
+ mmc_spi_response_get(host, cmd);
+ if (cmd->error != MMC_ERR_NONE)
+ return -EBADR;
+
+ switch (opcode) {
+ case MMC_SEND_CID:
+ case MMC_SEND_CSD:
+ if (host->app_cmd)
+ goto done;
+ /* we report success later, after making it look like
+ * there was no data stage (just a big status stage)
+ */
+ break;
+ case SD_APP_OP_COND:
+ if (!host->app_cmd)
+ goto done;
+ /* retry MMC's OP_COND; it does the same thing, and it's
+ * simpler to not send MMC_APP_COND then SD_APP_OP_COND
+ */
+ host->app_cmd = 0;
+ cmd->opcode = MMC_SEND_OP_COND;
+ /* FALLTHROUGH */
+ case MMC_SEND_OP_COND:
+ if (host->app_cmd)
+ goto done;
+ /* without retries, the OCR we read is garbage */
+ if (host->status_byte & 0x01) {
+ if (opcond_retries == 0) {
+ dev_err(&host->spi->dev, "init failed\n");
+ goto done;
+ }
+ pr_debug(" retry for init complete...\n");
+ msleep(50);
+ opcond_retries--;
+ goto again;
+ }
+ pr_debug(" patchup R3/OCR ...\n");
+ cmd->opcode = SPI_MMC_READ_OCR;
+ goto again;
+ default:
+done:
+ mmc_request_done(host->mmc, mrq);
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* Set up data message: first byte, data block (filled in later), then CRC. */
+static void
+mmc_spi_setup_message(
+ struct mmc_spi_host *host,
+ int multiple,
+ enum dma_data_direction direction)
+{
+ struct device *dma_dev = host->dma_dev;
+ struct spi_transfer *t;
+
+ spi_message_init(&host->m);
+ if (dma_dev)
+ host->m.is_dma_mapped = 1;
+
+ /* for reads, we (manually) skip 0xff bytes before finding
+ * the token; for writes, we issue it ourselves.
+ */
+ if (direction == DMA_TO_DEVICE) {
+ t = &host->token;
+ memset(t, 0, sizeof *t);
+ t->len = 1;
+ if (multiple)
+ host->data_token = SPI_TOKEN_MULTI_WRITE;
+ else
+ host->data_token = SPI_TOKEN_SINGLE;
+ t->tx_buf = &host->data_token;
+ spi_message_add_tail(t, &host->m);
+ }
+
+ t = &host->t;
+ memset(t, 0, sizeof *t);
+ spi_message_add_tail(t, &host->m);
+
+ t = &host->crc;
+ memset(t, 0, sizeof t);
+ t->len = 2;
+ spi_message_add_tail(t, &host->m);
+
+ /* REVISIT crc wordsize == 2, avoid byteswap issues ... */
+
+ if (direction == DMA_TO_DEVICE) {
+ host->crc_val = CRC_NO_CRC;
+ t->tx_buf = &host->crc_val;
+ if (dma_dev) {
+ host->token.tx_dma = host->dma
+ + offsetof(struct mmc_spi_host, data_token);
+ t->tx_dma = host->dma
+ + offsetof(struct mmc_spi_host, crc_val);
+ }
+ } else {
+ /* while we read data, write all-ones */
+ t->rx_buf = &host->crc_val;
+ t->tx_buf = host->t.tx_buf = &host->ones;
+ if (dma_dev) {
+ t->rx_dma = host->dma
+ + offsetof(struct mmc_spi_host, crc_val);
+ t->tx_dma = host->t.tx_dma = host->dma
+ + offsetof(struct mmc_spi_host, ones);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static inline int resp2status(u8 write_resp)
+{
+ switch (SPI_MMC_RESPONSE_CODE(write_resp)) {
+ case SPI_RESPONSE_ACCEPTED:
+ return 0;
+ case SPI_RESPONSE_CRC_ERR:
+ case SPI_RESPONSE_WRITE_ERR:
+ /* host shall then issue MMC_STOP_TRANSMISSION */
+ return -EIO;
+ default:
+ return -EILSEQ;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void
+mmc_spi_data_do(struct mmc_spi_host *host, struct mmc_command *cmd,
+ struct mmc_data *data, u32 blk_size)
+{
+ struct spi_device *spi = host->spi;
+ struct device *dma_dev = host->dma_dev;
+ struct spi_transfer *t;
+ enum dma_data_direction direction;
+ struct scatterlist *sg;
+ unsigned n_sg;
+ int multiple;
+
+ if (data->flags & MMC_DATA_READ) {
+ direction = DMA_FROM_DEVICE;
+ multiple = (cmd->opcode == MMC_READ_MULTIPLE_BLOCK);
+ } else {
+ direction = DMA_TO_DEVICE;
+ multiple = (cmd->opcode == MMC_WRITE_MULTIPLE_BLOCK);
+ }
+ mmc_spi_setup_message(host, multiple, direction);
+ t = &host->t;
+
+ /* Handle scatterlist segments one at a time, with synch for
+ * each 512-byte block
+ */
+ for (sg = data->sg, n_sg = data->sg_len; n_sg; n_sg--, sg++) {
+ int status = 0;
+ dma_addr_t dma_addr = 0;
+ void *kmap_addr;
+ unsigned length = sg->length;
+
+ /* set up dma mapping for controller drivers that might
+ * use DMA ... though they may fall back to PIO
+ */
+ if (dma_dev) {
+ dma_addr = dma_map_page(dma_dev, sg->page, 0,
+ PAGE_SIZE, direction);
+ if (direction == DMA_TO_DEVICE)
+ t->tx_dma = dma_addr + sg->offset;
+ else
+ t->rx_dma = dma_addr + sg->offset;
+ dma_sync_single_for_device(host->dma_dev,
+ host->dma, sizeof *host, direction);
+ }
+
+ /* allow pio too, with kmap handling any highmem */
+ kmap_addr = kmap_atomic(sg->page, 0);
+ if (direction == DMA_TO_DEVICE)
+ t->tx_buf = kmap_addr + sg->offset;
+ else
+ t->rx_buf = kmap_addr + sg->offset;
+
+ /* transfer each block, and update request status */
+ while (length && status == 0) {
+ t->len = min(length, blk_size);
+
+ pr_debug(" mmc_spi: %s block, %d bytes\n",
+ (direction == DMA_TO_DEVICE)
+ ? "write"
+ : "read",
+ t->len);
+
+ if (direction == DMA_TO_DEVICE) {
+ int response;
+
+ /* REVISIT once we start using TX crc, first
+ * compute that value then dma_sync
+ */
+
+ status = spi_sync(spi, &host->m);
+
+ /* get response, wait till not busy */
+ response = mmc_spi_scanbyte(host, mmc_spi_busy,
+ WRITE_TIMEOUT);
+ if (response < 0)
+ status = response;
+ else
+ status = resp2status(response);
+ if (!status) {
+ dev_err(&spi->dev,
+ "write error %02x (%d)\n",
+ response, status);
+ break;
+ }
+ t->tx_buf += t->len;
+ if (dma_dev)
+ t->tx_dma += t->len;
+
+ /* mandatory delay */
+ (void) mmc_spi_readbyte(host);
+
+ } else {
+ status = mmc_spi_scanbyte(host, mmc_spi_delayed,
+ READ_TIMEOUT);
+ if (status == SPI_TOKEN_SINGLE) {
+ status = spi_sync(spi, &host->m);
+ dma_sync_single_for_cpu(host->dma_dev,
+ host->dma, sizeof *host,
+ direction);
+ } else {
+ /* we've read extra garbage */
+ dev_err(&spi->dev,
+ "read error %02x\n",
+ status);
+ cmd->resp[0] = 0;
+ mmc_spi_map_r2(cmd, status);
+ if (cmd->error == MMC_ERR_NONE)
+ cmd->error = MMC_ERR_FAILED;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* REVISIT eventually, check crc */
+ t->rx_buf += t->len;
+ if (dma_dev)
+ t->rx_dma += t->len;
+ }
+
+ data->bytes_xfered += t->len;
+ if (status == 0) {
+ status = host->m.status;
+ length -= t->len;
+ }
+
+ if (!multiple)
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* discard mappings */
+ kunmap_atomic(addr, 0);
+ if (direction == DMA_FROM_DEVICE)
+ flush_kernel_dcache_page(sg->page);
+ if (dma_dev)
+ dma_unmap_page(dma_dev, dma_addr,
+ PAGE_SIZE, direction);
+
+ if (status < 0) {
+ dev_dbg(&spi->dev, "%s status %d\n",
+ (direction == DMA_TO_DEVICE)
+ ? "write" : "read",
+ status);
+ if (cmd->error == MMC_ERR_NONE)
+ cmd->error = MMC_ERR_FAILED;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (direction == DMA_TO_DEVICE && multiple) {
+ /* FIXME send STOP_TRAN */
+ }
+}
+
+static int
+mmc_spi_command_do(struct mmc_spi_host *host, struct mmc_request *mrq)
+{
+ int status;
+
+ status = mmc_spi_command_send(host, mrq, CRC_NO_CRC);
+
+ if (status == 0 && mrq->data)
+ mmc_spi_data_do(host, mrq->cmd, mrq->data,
+ 1 << mrq->data->blksz_bits);
+ return status;
+}
+
+static int
+mmc_spi_send_cXd(struct mmc_spi_host *host, struct mmc_request *mrq)
+{
+ int status;
+ u32 *resp = mrq->cmd->resp;
+
+ mrq->cmd->arg = NO_ARG;
+ status = mmc_spi_command_send(host, mrq, CRC_NO_CRC);
+ if (status < 0)
+ return status;
+
+ /* response_get() saw an SPI R1 response, but command_send()
+ * knew we'd patch the expected MMC/SD "R2" style status here.
+ */
+ mmc_spi_setup_message(host, 0, DMA_FROM_DEVICE);
+ host->m.is_dma_mapped = 0;
+ host->t.rx_buf = resp;
+ host->t.len = 16;
+
+ status = mmc_spi_scanbyte(host, mmc_spi_delayed, READ_TIMEOUT);
+
+ if (status == SPI_TOKEN_SINGLE) {
+ /* NOTE: many controllers can't support 32 bit words,
+ * which is why we use byteswapping here instead.
+ */
+ status = spi_sync(host->spi, &host->m);
+ if (status < 0)
+ mrq->cmd->error = MMC_ERR_FAILED;
+ else {
+ be32_to_cpus(&resp[0]);
+ be32_to_cpus(&resp[1]);
+ be32_to_cpus(&resp[2]);
+ be32_to_cpus(&resp[3]);
+ }
+ } else {
+ if (status >= 0) {
+ pr_debug("mmc_spi: read cXd err %02x\n",
+ status);
+ mmc_spi_map_r2(mrq->cmd, status);
+ status = -ETIMEDOUT;
+ }
+ mrq->cmd->error = MMC_ERR_TIMEOUT;
+ }
+ if (status == 0)
+ mmc_request_done(host->mmc, mrq);
+ else
+ pr_debug("mmc_spi: read cXd, %d \n", status);
+ return status;
+}
+
+/* reset ... with cmd->opcode == MMC_GO_IDLE_STATE */
+static int
+mmc_spi_initialize(struct mmc_spi_host *host, struct mmc_request *mrq)
+{
+ struct mmc_command *cmd = mrq->cmd;
+ int status;
+
+ host->cid_sequence = 0;
+
+ /* REVISIT put a powercycle reset here? */
+
+ /* try to be very sure any previous command has completed;
+ * wait till not-busy, skip debris from any old commands,
+ */
+ (void) mmc_spi_scanbyte(host, mmc_spi_busy, WRITE_TIMEOUT);
+ (void) mmc_spi_readbytes(host, host->command.buf,
+ sizeof host->command.buf);
+
+ /* issue software reset */
+ cmd->arg = 0;
+ status = mmc_spi_command_send(host, mrq, CRC_GO_IDLE_STATE);
+ if (status < 0) {
+ /* maybe:
+ * - there's no card present
+ * - the card isn't seated correctly (bad contacts)
+ * - it didn't leave MMC/SD mode
+ * - there's other confusion in the card state
+ *
+ * power cycling the card ought to help a lot.
+ *
+ * some cards seemed happier if they were initialized first
+ * by the native MMC stack, not SPI ... and in other cases
+ * rmmod/modprobe of mmc_spi helped the card work better,
+ * even without power cycling
+ *
+ * FIXME find out what that important state is, which is
+ * not reset here... and makes robustness problems
+ */
+ dev_err(&host->spi->dev, "bad init response\n");
+ }
+ return status;
+}
+
+/****************************************************************************/
+
+/*
+ * MMC Implementation
+ */
+
+static void mmc_spi_request(struct mmc_host *mmc, struct mmc_request *mrq)
+{
+ struct mmc_spi_host *host = mmc_priv(mmc);
+ int status;
+ u8 opcode = mrq->cmd->opcode;
+
+ status = spi_claim(host->spi);
+ if (status < 0) {
+ dev_err(&host->spi->dev, "can't get exclusive access, %d\n",
+ status);
+ mrq->cmd->error = MMC_ERR_FAILED;
+ mmc_request_done(mmc, mrq);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Translation between MMC/SD protocol commands and SPI ones
+ */
+ if (!host->app_cmd) {
+ switch (opcode) {
+ case MMC_GO_IDLE_STATE:
+ status = mmc_spi_initialize(host, mrq);
+ break;
+ case MMC_APP_CMD:
+ status = mmc_spi_command_do(host, mrq);
+ if (status == 0) {
+ host->app_cmd = 1;
+ mrq->cmd->resp[0] |= R1_APP_CMD;
+ }
+ break;
+ case MMC_ALL_SEND_CID:
+ /* fake a one-node broadcast */
+ if (host->cid_sequence) {
+ mrq->cmd->retries = 0;
+ mrq->cmd->error = MMC_ERR_TIMEOUT;
+ host->cid_sequence = 0;
+ status = -ETIMEDOUT;
+ } else {
+ mrq->cmd->opcode = MMC_SEND_CID;
+ status = mmc_spi_send_cXd(host, mrq);
+ host->cid_sequence++;
+ }
+ break;
+ case MMC_SEND_CSD:
+ status = mmc_spi_send_cXd(host, mrq);
+ break;
+
+ /* No honest translation for these in SPI mode :(
+ * ... mmc core shouldn't issue them, then!!
+ */
+ case MMC_SET_RELATIVE_ADDR:
+ case MMC_SET_DSR:
+ case MMC_SELECT_CARD:
+ case MMC_READ_DAT_UNTIL_STOP:
+ case MMC_GO_INACTIVE_STATE:
+ case MMC_SET_BLOCK_COUNT:
+ case MMC_PROGRAM_CID:
+ mmc_request_done(host->mmc, mrq);
+ break;
+
+ case MMC_SEND_STATUS:
+ (void) mmc_spi_command_do(host, mrq);
+ mrq->cmd->resp[0] |= R1_READY_FOR_DATA;
+ mrq->cmd->error = MMC_ERR_NONE;
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ status = mmc_spi_command_do(host, mrq);
+ }
+ } else {
+ status = mmc_spi_command_do(host, mrq);
+ host->app_cmd = 0;
+ }
+
+ /* 8-clock minimum before dropping chipselect */
+ (void) mmc_spi_readbyte(host);
+
+ /* we can't report faults while holding the bus lock,
+ * else retries from the mmc core couldn't grab it...
+ */
+ spi_release_claim(host->spi);
+ if (status < 0)
+ mmc_request_done(host->mmc, mrq);
+}
+
+
+static void mmc_spi_set_ios(struct mmc_host *mmc, struct mmc_ios *ios)
+{
+ struct mmc_spi_host *host = mmc_priv(mmc);
+
+ if (host->pdata && host->pdata->setpower) {
+ pr_debug("mmc_spi: power %08x\n", ios->vdd);
+ host->pdata->setpower(&host->spi->dev, ios->vdd);
+ msleep(MMC_POWERCYCLE_MSECS);
+ }
+
+ if (host->spi->max_speed_hz != ios->clock) {
+ int status;
+
+ host->spi->max_speed_hz = ios->clock;
+ status = spi_setup(host->spi);
+ pr_debug("mmc_spi: clock to %d KHz, %d\n",
+ host->spi->max_speed_hz / 1000, status);
+ }
+}
+
+static int mmc_spi_get_ro(struct mmc_host *mmc)
+{
+ struct mmc_spi_host *host = mmc_priv(mmc);
+
+ if (host->pdata && host->pdata->get_ro)
+ return host->pdata->get_ro(mmc->dev);
+ /* board doesn't support read only detection; assume writeable */
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static struct mmc_host_ops mmc_spi_ops = {
+ .request = mmc_spi_request,
+ .set_ios = mmc_spi_set_ios,
+ .get_ro = mmc_spi_get_ro,
+};
+
+
+/****************************************************************************/
+
+/*
+ * Generic Device driver routines and interface implementation
+ */
+
+static irqreturn_t
+mmc_spi_detect_irq(int irq, void *mmc, struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+ struct mmc_spi_host *host = mmc_priv(mmc);
+
+ mmc_detect_change(mmc, host->pdata->detect_delay);
+ return IRQ_HANDLED;
+}
+
+static int __devinit mmc_spi_probe(struct spi_device *spi)
+{
+ struct mmc_host *mmc;
+ struct mmc_spi_host *host;
+ int status;
+
+ spi->mode |= (SPI_CPOL|SPI_CPHA);
+ status = spi_setup(spi);
+ if (status < 0) {
+ dev_dbg(&spi->dev, "needs SPI mode 3\n");
+ return status;
+ }
+
+ mmc = mmc_alloc_host(sizeof *host, &spi->dev);
+ if (!mmc)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ mmc->ops = &mmc_spi_ops;
+ mmc->ocr_avail = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+
+ mmc->f_min = 125000;
+ mmc->f_max = 25 * 1000 * 1000;
+
+ host = mmc_priv(mmc);
+ host->mmc = mmc;
+ host->spi = spi;
+ host->cid_sequence = 0;
+ memset(host->ones, 0xff, sizeof host->ones);
+
+ /* platform data is used to hook up things like card sensing
+ * and power switching gpios
+ */
+ host->pdata = spi->dev.platform_data;
+ mmc->ocr_avail = host->pdata
+ ? host->pdata->ocr_mask
+ : MMC_VDD_32_33|MMC_VDD_33_34;
+
+ dev_set_drvdata(&spi->dev, mmc);
+
+ /* setup message for status readback/write-ones */
+ spi_message_init(&host->readback);
+ spi_message_add_tail(&host->status, &host->readback);
+ host->status.tx_buf = host->ones;
+ host->status.rx_buf = &host->status_byte;
+ host->status.len = 1;
+
+ if (spi->master->cdev.dev->dma_mask) {
+ host->dma_dev = spi->master->cdev.dev;
+ host->dma = dma_map_single(host->dma_dev, host,
+ sizeof *host, DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL);
+#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
+ dev_dbg(&spi->dev, "highmem + dma-or-pio ...\n");
+#endif
+ }
+
+ /* once card enters SPI mode it stays that way till power cycled.
+ * power cycling can be used as a hard reset for fault recovery.
+ */
+ if (!host->pdata || !host->pdata->setpower)
+ dev_warn(&spi->dev, "can't manage card power\n");
+ else
+ host->pdata->setpower(&spi->dev, 0);
+
+ if (host->pdata && host->pdata->init)
+ host->pdata->init(&spi->dev, mmc_spi_detect_irq, mmc);
+
+ mmc_add_host(mmc);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int __devexit mmc_spi_remove(struct spi_device *spi)
+{
+ struct mmc_host *mmc = dev_get_drvdata(&spi->dev);
+ struct mmc_spi_host *host;
+
+ if (mmc) {
+ mmc_remove_host(mmc);
+ host = mmc_priv(mmc);
+
+ if (host->pdata && host->pdata->exit)
+ host->pdata->exit(&spi->dev, mmc);
+ if (host->dma_dev)
+ dma_unmap_single(host->dma_dev, host->dma,
+ sizeof *host, DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL);
+
+ mmc_free_host(mmc);
+ dev_set_drvdata(&spi->dev, NULL);
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static struct spi_driver mmc_spi_driver = {
+ .driver = {
+ .name = "mmc_spi",
+ .bus = &spi_bus_type,
+ .owner = THIS_MODULE,
+ },
+ .probe = mmc_spi_probe,
+ .remove = __devexit_p(mmc_spi_remove),
+};
+
+
+static int __init mmc_spi_init(void)
+{
+ return spi_register_driver(&mmc_spi_driver);
+}
+module_init(mmc_spi_init);
+
+
+static void __exit mmc_spi_exit(void)
+{
+ spi_unregister_driver(&mmc_spi_driver);
+}
+module_exit(mmc_spi_exit);
+
+
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Mike Lavender, David Brownell");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("SPI SD/MMC driver");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");