[patch 09/21] slub: Trigger defragmentation from memory reclaim

Christoph Lameter
2008-05-10T03:14:45Z

[-- Attachment #1: 0009-SLUB-Trigger-defragmentation-from-memory-reclaim.patch --]
[-- Type: text/plain, Size: 10980 bytes --]

This patch triggers slab defragmentation from memory reclaim. The logical
point for this is after slab shrinking was performed in vmscan.c. At that point
the fragmentation ratio of a slab was increased because objects were freed via
the LRU lists maitained for various slab caches.
So we call kmem_cache_defrag() from there.

shrink_slab() is called in some contexts to do global shrinking
of slabs and in others to do shrinking for a particular zone. Pass the zone to
shrink_slab(), so that slab_shrink() can call kmem_cache_defrag() and restrict
the defragmentation to the node that is under memory pressure.

The callback frequency into slab reclaim can be controlled by a new field
/proc/sys/vm/slab_defrag_limit.

Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
---
Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt | 12 ++++++++
fs/drop_caches.c | 2 -
include/linux/mm.h | 3 --
include/linux/mmzone.h | 1
include/linux/swap.h | 3 ++
kernel/sysctl.c | 20 +++++++++++++
mm/vmscan.c | 65 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
mm/vmstat.c | 2 +
8 files changed, 98 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

Index: linux-2.6/fs/drop_caches.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.orig/fs/drop_caches.c 2008-05-08 17:24:44.000000000 -0700
+++ linux-2.6/fs/drop_caches.c 2008-05-09 15:13:31.000000000 -0700
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ static void drop_slab(void)
int nr_objects;

do {
- nr_objects = shrink_slab(1000, GFP_KERNEL, 1000);
+ nr_objects = shrink_slab(1000, GFP_KERNEL, 1000, NULL);
} while (nr_objects > 10);
}

Index: linux-2.6/include/linux/mm.h
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.orig/include/linux/mm.h 2008-05-08 17:27:30.000000000 -0700
+++ linux-2.6/include/linux/mm.h 2008-05-09 15:13:31.000000000 -0700
@@ -1242,8 +1242,7 @@ int in_gate_area_no_task(unsigned long a
int drop_caches_sysctl_handler(struct ctl_table *, int, struct file *,
void __user *, size_t *, loff_t *);
unsigned long shrink_slab(unsigned long scanned, gfp_t gfp_mask,
- unsigned long lru_pages);
-
+ unsigned long lru_pages, struct zone *z);
#ifndef CONFIG_MMU
#define randomize_va_space 0
#else
Index: linux-2.6/mm/vmscan.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.orig/mm/vmscan.c 2008-05-08 17:24:45.000000000 -0700
+++ linux-2.6/mm/vmscan.c 2008-05-09 15:13:32.000000000 -0700
@@ -149,6 +149,14 @@ void unregister_shrinker(struct shrinker
EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_shrinker);

#define SHRINK_BATCH 128
+
+/*
+ * Trigger a call into slab defrag if the sum of the returns from
+ * shrinkers cross this value.
+ */
+int slab_defrag_limit = 1000;
+int slab_defrag_counter;
+
/*
* Call the shrink functions to age shrinkable caches
*
@@ -166,10 +174,18 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_shrinker);
* are eligible for the caller's allocation attempt. It is used for balancing
* slab reclaim versus page reclaim.
*
+ * zone is the zone for which we are shrinking the slabs. If the intent
+ * is to do a global shrink then zone may be NULL. Specification of a
+ * zone is currently only used to limit slab defragmentation to a NUMA node.
+ * The performace of shrink_slab would be better (in particular under NUMA)
+ * if it could be targeted as a whole to the zone that is under memory
+ * pressure but the VFS infrastructure does not allow that at the present
+ * time.
+ *
* Returns the number of slab objects which we shrunk.
*/
unsigned long shrink_slab(unsigned long scanned, gfp_t gfp_mask,
- unsigned long lru_pages)
+ unsigned long lru_pages, struct zone *zone)
{
struct shrinker *shrinker;
unsigned long ret = 0;
@@ -226,6 +242,39 @@ unsigned long shrink_slab(unsigned long
shrinker->nr += total_scan;
}
up_read(&shrinker_rwsem);
+
+
+ /* Avoid dirtying cachelines */
+ if (!ret)
+ return 0;
+
+ /*
+ * "ret" doesnt really contain the freed object count. The shrinkers
+ * fake it. Gotta go with what we are getting though.
+ *
+ * Handling of the defrag_counter is also racy. If we get the
+ * wrong counts then we may unnecessarily do a defrag pass or defer
+ * one. "ret" is already faked. So this is just increasing
+ * the already existing fuzziness to get some notion as to when
+ * to initiate slab defrag which will hopefully be okay.
+ */
+ if (zone) {
+ /* balance_pgdat running on a zone so we only scan one node */
+ zone->slab_defrag_counter += ret;
+ if (zone->slab_defrag_counter > slab_defrag_limit &&
+ (gfp_mask & __GFP_FS)) {
+ zone->slab_defrag_counter = 0;
+ kmem_cache_defrag(zone_to_nid(zone));
+ }
+ } else {
+ /* Direct (and thus global) reclaim. Scan all nodes */
+ slab_defrag_counter += ret;
+ if (slab_defrag_counter > slab_defrag_limit &&
+ (gfp_mask & __GFP_FS)) {
+ slab_defrag_counter = 0;
+ kmem_cache_defrag(-1);
+ }
+ }
return ret;
}

@@ -1342,7 +1391,7 @@ static unsigned long do_try_to_free_page
* over limit cgroups
*/
if (scan_global_lru(sc)) {
- shrink_slab(sc->nr_scanned, sc->gfp_mask, lru_pages);
+ shrink_slab(sc->nr_scanned, sc->gfp_mask, lru_pages, NULL);
if (reclaim_state) {
nr_reclaimed += reclaim_state->reclaimed_slab;
reclaim_state->reclaimed_slab = 0;
@@ -1567,7 +1616,7 @@ loop_again:
nr_reclaimed += shrink_zone(priority, zone, &sc);
reclaim_state->reclaimed_slab = 0;
nr_slab = shrink_slab(sc.nr_scanned, GFP_KERNEL,
- lru_pages);
+ lru_pages, zone);
nr_reclaimed += reclaim_state->reclaimed_slab;
total_scanned += sc.nr_scanned;
if (zone_is_all_unreclaimable(zone))
@@ -1806,7 +1855,7 @@ unsigned long shrink_all_memory(unsigned
/* If slab caches are huge, it's better to hit them first */
while (nr_slab >= lru_pages) {
reclaim_state.reclaimed_slab = 0;
- shrink_slab(nr_pages, sc.gfp_mask, lru_pages);
+ shrink_slab(nr_pages, sc.gfp_mask, lru_pages, NULL);
if (!reclaim_state.reclaimed_slab)
break;

@@ -1844,7 +1893,7 @@ unsigned long shrink_all_memory(unsigned

reclaim_state.reclaimed_slab = 0;
shrink_slab(sc.nr_scanned, sc.gfp_mask,
- count_lru_pages());
+ count_lru_pages(), NULL);
ret += reclaim_state.reclaimed_slab;
if (ret >= nr_pages)
goto out;
@@ -1861,7 +1910,8 @@ unsigned long shrink_all_memory(unsigned
if (!ret) {
do {
reclaim_state.reclaimed_slab = 0;
- shrink_slab(nr_pages, sc.gfp_mask, count_lru_pages());
+ shrink_slab(nr_pages, sc.gfp_mask,
+ count_lru_pages(), NULL);
ret += reclaim_state.reclaimed_slab;
} while (ret < nr_pages && reclaim_state.reclaimed_slab > 0);
}
@@ -2023,7 +2073,8 @@ static int __zone_reclaim(struct zone *z
* Note that shrink_slab will free memory on all zones and may
* take a long time.
*/
- while (shrink_slab(sc.nr_scanned, gfp_mask, order) &&
+ while (shrink_slab(sc.nr_scanned, gfp_mask, order,
+ zone) &&
zone_page_state(zone, NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE) >
slab_reclaimable - nr_pages)
;
Index: linux-2.6/include/linux/mmzone.h
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.orig/include/linux/mmzone.h 2008-05-08 17:24:44.000000000 -0700
+++ linux-2.6/include/linux/mmzone.h 2008-05-09 15:13:32.000000000 -0700
@@ -256,6 +256,7 @@ struct zone {
unsigned long nr_scan_active;
unsigned long nr_scan_inactive;
unsigned long pages_scanned; /* since last reclaim */
+ unsigned long slab_defrag_counter; /* since last defrag */
unsigned long flags; /* zone flags, see below */

/* Zone statistics */
Index: linux-2.6/include/linux/swap.h
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.orig/include/linux/swap.h 2008-05-08 17:24:44.000000000 -0700
+++ linux-2.6/include/linux/swap.h 2008-05-09 15:13:32.000000000 -0700
@@ -188,6 +188,9 @@ extern unsigned long try_to_free_mem_cgr
extern int __isolate_lru_page(struct page *page, int mode);
extern unsigned long shrink_all_memory(unsigned long nr_pages);
extern int vm_swappiness;
+extern int slab_defrag_limit;
+extern int slab_defrag_counter;
+
extern int remove_mapping(struct address_space *mapping, struct page *page);
extern long vm_total_pages;

Index: linux-2.6/kernel/sysctl.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.orig/kernel/sysctl.c 2008-05-08 17:24:45.000000000 -0700
+++ linux-2.6/kernel/sysctl.c 2008-05-09 15:13:32.000000000 -0700
@@ -1035,6 +1035,26 @@ static struct ctl_table vm_table[] = {
.strategy = &sysctl_intvec,
.extra1 = &zero,
},
+ {
+ .ctl_name = CTL_UNNUMBERED,
+ .procname = "slab_defrag_limit",
+ .data = &slab_defrag_limit,
+ .maxlen = sizeof(slab_defrag_limit),
+ .mode = 0644,
+ .proc_handler = &proc_dointvec,
+ .strategy = &sysctl_intvec,
+ .extra1 = &one_hundred,
+ },
+ {
+ .ctl_name = CTL_UNNUMBERED,
+ .procname = "slab_defrag_count",
+ .data = &slab_defrag_counter,
+ .maxlen = sizeof(slab_defrag_counter),
+ .mode = 0444,
+ .proc_handler = &proc_dointvec,
+ .strategy = &sysctl_intvec,
+ .extra1 = &zero,
+ },
#ifdef HAVE_ARCH_PICK_MMAP_LAYOUT
{
.ctl_name = VM_LEGACY_VA_LAYOUT,
Index: linux-2.6/Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.orig/Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt 2008-05-08 17:24:44.000000000 -0700
+++ linux-2.6/Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt 2008-05-09 15:13:32.000000000 -0700
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ Currently, these files are in /proc/sys/
- numa_zonelist_order
- nr_hugepages
- nr_overcommit_hugepages
+- slab_defrag_limit

==============================================================

@@ -347,3 +348,14 @@ Change the maximum size of the hugepage
nr_hugepages + nr_overcommit_hugepages.

See Documentation/vm/hugetlbpage.txt
+
+==============================================================
+
+slab_defrag_limit
+
+Determines the frequency of calls from reclaim into slab defragmentation.
+Slab defrag reclaims objects from sparsely populates slab pages.
+The default is 1000. Increase if slab defragmentation occurs
+too frequently. Decrease if more slab defragmentation passes
+are needed. The slabinfo tool can report on the frequency of the callbacks.
+
Index: linux-2.6/mm/vmstat.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.orig/mm/vmstat.c 2008-05-08 17:24:45.000000000 -0700
+++ linux-2.6/mm/vmstat.c 2008-05-09 15:15:10.000000000 -0700
@@ -711,9 +711,11 @@ static void zoneinfo_show_print(struct s
#endif
}
seq_printf(m,
+ "\n slab_defrag_count: %lu"
"\n all_unreclaimable: %u"
"\n prev_priority: %i"
"\n start_pfn: %lu",
+ zone->slab_defrag_counter,
zone_is_all_unreclaimable(zone),
zone->prev_priority,
zone->zone_start_pfn);

--