[Patch 01/12] Prepare the code for Hardware Breakpoint interfaces

K.Prasad
2009-05-11T11:52:35Z

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This patch introduces header files containing constants, structure definitions
and declaration of functions used by the hardware breakpoint interface code.

Signed-off-by: K.Prasad <prasad@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
---
arch/x86/include/asm/debugreg.h | 31 +++++++
arch/x86/include/asm/hw_breakpoint.h | 66 ++++++++++++++++
arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h | 4 +
include/asm-generic/hw_breakpoint.h | 139 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
4 files changed, 240 insertions(+)

Index: include/asm-generic/hw_breakpoint.h
===================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ include/asm-generic/hw_breakpoint.h
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+#ifndef _ASM_GENERIC_HW_BREAKPOINT_H
+#define _ASM_GENERIC_HW_BREAKPOINT_H
+
+#ifndef __ARCH_HW_BREAKPOINT_H
+#error "Please don't include this file directly"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+#include <linux/list.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
+
+/**
+ * struct hw_breakpoint - unified kernel/user-space hardware breakpoint
+ * @triggered: callback invoked after target address access
+ * @info: arch-specific breakpoint info (address, length, and type)
+ *
+ * %hw_breakpoint structures are the kernel's way of representing
+ * hardware breakpoints. These are data breakpoints
+ * (also known as "watchpoints", triggered on data access), and the breakpoint's
+ * target address can be located in either kernel space or user space.
+ *
+ * The breakpoint's address, length, and type are highly
+ * architecture-specific. The values are encoded in the @info field; you
+ * specify them when registering the breakpoint. To examine the encoded
+ * values use hw_breakpoint_get_{kaddress,uaddress,len,type}(), declared
+ * below.
+ *
+ * The address is specified as a regular kernel pointer (for kernel-space
+ * breakponts) or as an %__user pointer (for user-space breakpoints).
+ * With register_user_hw_breakpoint(), the address must refer to a
+ * location in user space. The breakpoint will be active only while the
+ * requested task is running. Conversely with
+ * register_kernel_hw_breakpoint(), the address must refer to a location
+ * in kernel space, and the breakpoint will be active on all CPUs
+ * regardless of the current task.
+ *
+ * The length is the breakpoint's extent in bytes, which is subject to
+ * certain limitations. include/asm/hw_breakpoint.h contains macros
+ * defining the available lengths for a specific architecture. Note that
+ * the address's alignment must match the length. The breakpoint will
+ * catch accesses to any byte in the range from address to address +
+ * (length - 1).
+ *
+ * The breakpoint's type indicates the sort of access that will cause it
+ * to trigger. Possible values may include:
+ *
+ * %HW_BREAKPOINT_RW (triggered on read or write access),
+ * %HW_BREAKPOINT_WRITE (triggered on write access), and
+ * %HW_BREAKPOINT_READ (triggered on read access).
+ *
+ * Appropriate macros are defined in include/asm/hw_breakpoint.h; not all
+ * possibilities are available on all architectures. Execute breakpoints
+ * must have length equal to the special value %HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_EXECUTE.
+ *
+ * When a breakpoint gets hit, the @triggered callback is
+ * invoked in_interrupt with a pointer to the %hw_breakpoint structure and the
+ * processor registers.
+ * Data breakpoints occur after the memory access has taken place.
+ * Breakpoints are disabled during execution @triggered, to avoid
+ * recursive traps and allow unhindered access to breakpointed memory.
+ *
+ * This sample code sets a breakpoint on pid_max and registers a callback
+ * function for writes to that variable. Note that it is not portable
+ * as written, because not all architectures support HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_4.
+ *
+ * ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * #include <asm/hw_breakpoint.h>
+ *
+ * struct hw_breakpoint my_bp;
+ *
+ * static void my_triggered(struct hw_breakpoint *bp, struct pt_regs *regs)
+ * {
+ * printk(KERN_DEBUG "Inside triggered routine of breakpoint exception\n");
+ * dump_stack();
+ * .......<more debugging output>........
+ * }
+ *
+ * static struct hw_breakpoint my_bp;
+ *
+ * static int init_module(void)
+ * {
+ * ..........<do anything>............
+ * my_bp.info.type = HW_BREAKPOINT_WRITE;
+ * my_bp.info.len = HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_4;
+ *
+ * my_bp.installed = (void *)my_bp_installed;
+ *
+ * rc = register_kernel_hw_breakpoint(&my_bp);
+ * ..........<do anything>............
+ * }
+ *
+ * static void cleanup_module(void)
+ * {
+ * ..........<do anything>............
+ * unregister_kernel_hw_breakpoint(&my_bp);
+ * ..........<do anything>............
+ * }
+ *
+ * ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+struct hw_breakpoint {
+ void (*triggered)(struct hw_breakpoint *, struct pt_regs *);
+ struct arch_hw_breakpoint info;
+};
+
+/*
+ * len and type values are defined in include/asm/hw_breakpoint.h.
+ * Available values vary according to the architecture. On i386 the
+ * possibilities are:
+ *
+ * HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_1
+ * HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_2
+ * HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_4
+ * HW_BREAKPOINT_RW
+ * HW_BREAKPOINT_READ
+ *
+ * On other architectures HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_8 may be available, and the
+ * 1-, 2-, and 4-byte lengths may be unavailable. There also may be
+ * HW_BREAKPOINT_WRITE. You can use #ifdef to check at compile time.
+ */
+
+int register_user_hw_breakpoint(struct task_struct *tsk,
+ struct hw_breakpoint *bp);
+void unregister_user_hw_breakpoint(struct task_struct *tsk,
+ struct hw_breakpoint *bp);
+/*
+ * Kernel breakpoints are not associated with any particular thread.
+ */
+int register_kernel_hw_breakpoint(struct hw_breakpoint *bp);
+void unregister_kernel_hw_breakpoint(struct hw_breakpoint *bp);
+void switch_to_none_hw_breakpoint(void);
+
+extern unsigned int hbp_kernel_pos;
+extern spinlock_t hw_breakpoint_lock;
+
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+#endif /* _ASM_GENERIC_HW_BREAKPOINT_H */
Index: arch/x86/include/asm/hw_breakpoint.h
===================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ arch/x86/include/asm/hw_breakpoint.h
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#ifndef _I386_HW_BREAKPOINT_H
+#define _I386_HW_BREAKPOINT_H
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+#define __ARCH_HW_BREAKPOINT_H
+
+struct arch_hw_breakpoint {
+ char *name; /* Contains name of the symbol to set bkpt */
+ unsigned long address;
+ u8 len;
+ u8 type;
+};
+
+#include <linux/kdebug.h>
+#include <asm-generic/hw_breakpoint.h>
+
+/* Available HW breakpoint length encodings */
+#define HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_1 0x40
+#define HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_2 0x44
+#define HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_4 0x4c
+#define HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_EXECUTE 0x40
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
+#define HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_8 0x48
+#endif
+
+/* Available HW breakpoint type encodings */
+
+/* trigger on instruction execute */
+#define HW_BREAKPOINT_EXECUTE 0x80
+/* trigger on memory write */
+#define HW_BREAKPOINT_WRITE 0x81
+/* trigger on memory read or write */
+#define HW_BREAKPOINT_RW 0x83
+
+/* Total number of available HW breakpoint registers */
+#define HB_NUM 4
+
+extern struct hw_breakpoint *hbp_kernel[HB_NUM];
+DECLARE_PER_CPU(struct hw_breakpoint*, this_hbp_kernel[HB_NUM]);
+extern unsigned int hbp_user_refcount[HB_NUM];
+
+/*
+ * Ptrace support: breakpoint trigger routine.
+ */
+int __register_user_hw_breakpoint(int pos, struct task_struct *tsk,
+ struct hw_breakpoint *bp);
+int __modify_user_hw_breakpoint(int pos, struct task_struct *tsk,
+ struct hw_breakpoint *bp);
+void __unregister_user_hw_breakpoint(int pos, struct task_struct *tsk);
+
+void arch_install_thread_hw_breakpoint(struct task_struct *tsk);
+void arch_uninstall_thread_hw_breakpoint(void);
+int arch_check_va_in_userspace(unsigned long va, u8 hbp_len);
+int arch_check_va_in_kernelspace(unsigned long va, u8 hbp_len);
+int arch_validate_hwbkpt_settings(struct hw_breakpoint *bp,
+ struct task_struct *tsk);
+void arch_update_user_hw_breakpoint(int pos, struct task_struct *tsk);
+void arch_flush_thread_hw_breakpoint(struct task_struct *tsk);
+void arch_update_kernel_hw_breakpoint(void *);
+int hw_breakpoint_handler(struct die_args *args);
+int hw_breakpoint_exceptions_notify(struct notifier_block *unused,
+ unsigned long val, void *data);
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+#endif /* _I386_HW_BREAKPOINT_H */
+
Index: arch/x86/include/asm/debugreg.h
===================================================================
--- arch/x86/include/asm/debugreg.h.orig
+++ arch/x86/include/asm/debugreg.h
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
#define DR_TRAP1 (0x2) /* db1 */
#define DR_TRAP2 (0x4) /* db2 */
#define DR_TRAP3 (0x8) /* db3 */
+#define DR_TRAP_BITS (DR_TRAP0|DR_TRAP1|DR_TRAP2|DR_TRAP3)

#define DR_STEP (0x4000) /* single-step */
#define DR_SWITCH (0x8000) /* task switch */
@@ -49,6 +50,8 @@

#define DR_LOCAL_ENABLE_SHIFT 0 /* Extra shift to the local enable bit */
#define DR_GLOBAL_ENABLE_SHIFT 1 /* Extra shift to the global enable bit */
+#define DR_LOCAL_ENABLE (0x1) /* Local enable for reg 0 */
+#define DR_GLOBAL_ENABLE (0x2) /* Global enable for reg 0 */
#define DR_ENABLE_SIZE 2 /* 2 enable bits per register */

#define DR_LOCAL_ENABLE_MASK (0x55) /* Set local bits for all 4 regs */
@@ -67,4 +70,32 @@
#define DR_LOCAL_SLOWDOWN (0x100) /* Local slow the pipeline */
#define DR_GLOBAL_SLOWDOWN (0x200) /* Global slow the pipeline */

+/*
+ * HW breakpoint additions
+ */
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+/* For process management */
+void flush_thread_hw_breakpoint(struct task_struct *tsk);
+int copy_thread_hw_breakpoint(struct task_struct *tsk,
+ struct task_struct *child, unsigned long clone_flags);
+void dump_thread_hw_breakpoint(struct task_struct *tsk, int u_debugreg[8]);
+void switch_to_thread_hw_breakpoint(struct task_struct *tsk);
+
+/* For CPU management */
+void load_debug_registers(void);
+static inline void hw_breakpoint_disable(void)
+{
+ /* Zero the control register for HW Breakpoint */
+ set_debugreg(0UL, 7);
+
+ /* Zero-out the individual HW breakpoint address registers */
+ set_debugreg(0UL, 0);
+ set_debugreg(0UL, 1);
+ set_debugreg(0UL, 2);
+ set_debugreg(0UL, 3);
+}
+
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+
#endif /* _ASM_X86_DEBUGREG_H */
Index: arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
===================================================================
--- arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h.orig
+++ arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ struct mm_struct;
#include <linux/threads.h>
#include <linux/init.h>

+#define HB_NUM 4
/*
* Default implementation of macro that returns current
* instruction pointer ("program counter").
@@ -435,8 +436,11 @@ struct thread_struct {
unsigned long debugreg1;
unsigned long debugreg2;
unsigned long debugreg3;
+ unsigned long debugreg[HB_NUM];
unsigned long debugreg6;
unsigned long debugreg7;
+ /* Hardware breakpoint info */
+ struct hw_breakpoint *hbp[HB_NUM];
/* Fault info: */
unsigned long cr2;
unsigned long trap_no;