EXPORT_SYMBOL(fat_get_block)

EXPORT_SYMBOL(fat_get_block)

[David Cross]

Hello Hirofumi,
I would like to export this symbol from the vfat code and add this patch
to the Linux kernel. You are listed as the MAINTAINER for FAT and VFAT.
As such, I need your approval to do it. 
The reason that I need to export this symbol is to allow for file based
DMA in which the file needs to be pre-allocated. The pre-allocated block
addresses are passed to a DMA engine which then directly transfers the
data to non-volatile storage.
Please let me know if you have any objections to exporting this symbol
or if you need additional information from me concerning this change
request. I am happy to answer any questions that you may have about this
in the meantime.
Thanks,
David Cross



---------------------------------------------------------------
This message and any attachments may contain Cypress (or its
subsidiaries) confidential information. If it has been received
in error, please advise the sender and immediately delete this
message.
---------------------------------------------------------------

Re: EXPORT_SYMBOL(fat_get_block)

[Greg KH]

On Fri, Aug 13, 2010 at 10:45:39AM -0700, David Cross wrote:
> Hello Hirofumi,
> I would like to export this symbol from the vfat code and add this patch
> to the Linux kernel. You are listed as the MAINTAINER for FAT and VFAT.
> As such, I need your approval to do it. 
> The reason that I need to export this symbol is to allow for file based
> DMA in which the file needs to be pre-allocated. The pre-allocated block
> addresses are passed to a DMA engine which then directly transfers the
> data to non-volatile storage.
> Please let me know if you have any objections to exporting this symbol
> or if you need additional information from me concerning this change
> request. I am happy to answer any questions that you may have about this
> in the meantime.

Wait, _I_ have an objection to exporting this symbol.

I really don't think it is needed at this point in time, as we really
need to figure out exactly what your driver is doing to want to need to
call this function.

So please, let's not export it for now, when we get to the point that we
all agree that this driver is doing the "correct" thing, then we can
export the symbol, ok?

thanks,

greg k-h

Re: EXPORT_SYMBOL(fat_get_block)

[David Cross]

On Fri, 2010-08-13 at 10:54 -0700, Greg KH wrote:
> On Fri, Aug 13, 2010 at 10:45:39AM -0700, David Cross wrote:
> > Hello Hirofumi,
> > I would like to export this symbol from the vfat code and add this patch
> > to the Linux kernel. You are listed as the MAINTAINER for FAT and VFAT.
> > As such, I need your approval to do it. 
> > The reason that I need to export this symbol is to allow for file based
> > DMA in which the file needs to be pre-allocated. The pre-allocated block
> > addresses are passed to a DMA engine which then directly transfers the
> > data to non-volatile storage.
> > Please let me know if you have any objections to exporting this symbol
> > or if you need additional information from me concerning this change
> > request. I am happy to answer any questions that you may have about this
> > in the meantime.
> 
> Wait, _I_ have an objection to exporting this symbol.
> 
> I really don't think it is needed at this point in time, as we really
> need to figure out exactly what your driver is doing to want to need to
> call this function.

OK, I am trying to answer all questions on this topic that I am getting,
but honestly I have not gotten a lot so far. 

> So please, let's not export it for now, when we get to the point that we
> all agree that this driver is doing the "correct" thing, then we can
> export the symbol, ok?

Sure, I think that the driver is doing the correct thing, but that is
mostly because I have not found another way to solve this issue. If
there is a different, correct way I am happy to implement it.

> thanks,

>Also, why do this at the FAT level, and not more correctly at the block
> layer level? 
The short answer is that the block level does not have the file system
awareness needed to determine where a file should be stored on the NVM
device. 
The longer answer is to consider the case of an MTP host, which operates
at the file level. It sends the mobile (Linux) device "SendObject" which
tells it to store the file on its file system. When the device receives
this, it has two options:
1) receive all data, buffer it, then write the file. This is typically a
slow process USB->Processor->SDRAM->Processor/DMA engine->Media
2) pre-allocate the file as soon as it knows that it is coming and how
big it is, and then send the block addresses to an external DMA engine
and let it transfer the data from the MTP host directly

The West Bridge driver goes for option two for performance reasons. In
doing this, it needs to get information from the file system on where to
store the file.

>What happens if this isn't a FAT partition on the >device?
Good question. So far, it has been stored on a FAT partition in most use
cases because the user typically wants the option to enumerate the
device as mass storage as well or be able to see content on a PC if the
SD card is removed. However, there is no reason that this could not be
done with ext2 or other filesystems on non-removable media. This would
require some work to figure out how to implement a pre-allocation
interface with it. Alternatively a more general pre-allocation interface
could be added (falloc()) to implemented file systems to make this
process easier.  

Please let me know if there are any additional questions or
implementation feedback on this.
Thanks,
David


---------------------------------------------------------------
This message and any attachments may contain Cypress (or its
subsidiaries) confidential information. If it has been received
in error, please advise the sender and immediately delete this
message.
---------------------------------------------------------------

Re: EXPORT_SYMBOL(fat_get_block)

[Christoph Hellwig]

On Fri, Aug 13, 2010 at 11:43:12AM -0700, David Cross wrote:
> OK, I am trying to answer all questions on this topic that I am getting,
> but honestly I have not gotten a lot so far. 

Seriously, I think there is absolutely no point in even arguing this.
A driver has absolutely no business looking into any filesystem layout.

> 1) receive all data, buffer it, then write the file. This is typically a
> slow process USB->Processor->SDRAM->Processor/DMA engine->Media
> 2) pre-allocate the file as soon as it knows that it is coming and how
> big it is, and then send the block addresses to an external DMA engine
> and let it transfer the data from the MTP host directly
> 
> The West Bridge driver goes for option two for performance reasons. In
> doing this, it needs to get information from the file system on where to
> store the file.

And what if someone else changes the layout undernath you?  Or uses
a different filesystem?

Basically you will have to introduce operations to the VFS to lock down
a file against layout changes and do DMA transfers.  It's fine if you
only implement it for fat in the beginning, and just return an error
for others, although in general the implementation would be easily
extendable to other filesystems using generic code and the get_blocks
callbacks.

Re: EXPORT_SYMBOL(fat_get_block)

[David Cross]

On Fri, 2010-08-13 at 14:50 -0400, Christoph Hellwig wrote:
> On Fri, Aug 13, 2010 at 11:43:12AM -0700, David Cross wrote:
> > OK, I am trying to answer all questions on this topic that I am getting,
> > but honestly I have not gotten a lot so far. 
> 
> Seriously, I think there is absolutely no point in even arguing this.
> A driver has absolutely no business looking into any filesystem layout.
I think you misunderstand, the driver is not looking into the file
system layout. The driver is requesting that the file system allocate a
file and tell it where it allocated it to. This is the reason for the
fat_get_block call.
> 
> > 1) receive all data, buffer it, then write the file. This is typically a
> > slow process USB->Processor->SDRAM->Processor/DMA engine->Media
> > 2) pre-allocate the file as soon as it knows that it is coming and how
> > big it is, and then send the block addresses to an external DMA engine
> > and let it transfer the data from the MTP host directly
> > 
> > The West Bridge driver goes for option two for performance reasons. In
> > doing this, it needs to get information from the file system on where to
> > store the file.
> 
> And what if someone else changes the layout undernath you?
I am not sure I understand the question. The point of making the call
into the filesytem rather than reading sectors and "looking into the
file system layout" is to make sure that the filesystem is the arbiter
of all storage requests. How would someone change the layout underneath
me? 

> Or uses
> a different filesystem?
That is a good question, I think it is the same one that Greg KH had. To
restate the answer in the last email, I don't know how to handle this
case. I am sure that it is possible to develop a method to pre-allocate
using other filesystems, but I have not looked into it yet as the driver
was developed for systems which have removable storage. Removable
storage needs to work with card readers, as such it uses FAT. 

> Basically you will have to introduce operations to the VFS to lock down
> a file against layout changes and do DMA transfers.  It's fine if you
> only implement it for fat in the beginning, and just return an error
> for others, although in general the implementation would be easily
> extendable to other filesystems using generic code and the get_blocks
> callbacks.
So, your basic concern is whether or not someone else tries to write to
the same file while the transfer is ongoing, correct? I understand the
implementation idea you are proposing to get around this issue, but it
seems that the simplest solution is to punt to the application handling
the transfer (ie don't access the pre-allocated file until you know the
transfer is complete). This is the basic idea of how it has been done in
previous implementations, so I am not sure why this is not a potential
solution in this case.

Thanks,
David


---------------------------------------------------------------
This message and any attachments may contain Cypress (or its
subsidiaries) confidential information. If it has been received
in error, please advise the sender and immediately delete this
message.
---------------------------------------------------------------

Re: EXPORT_SYMBOL(fat_get_block)

[Greg KH]

On Fri, Aug 13, 2010 at 11:43:12AM -0700, David Cross wrote:
> On Fri, 2010-08-13 at 10:54 -0700, Greg KH wrote:
> > On Fri, Aug 13, 2010 at 10:45:39AM -0700, David Cross wrote:
> > > Hello Hirofumi,
> > > I would like to export this symbol from the vfat code and add this patch
> > > to the Linux kernel. You are listed as the MAINTAINER for FAT and VFAT.
> > > As such, I need your approval to do it. 
> > > The reason that I need to export this symbol is to allow for file based
> > > DMA in which the file needs to be pre-allocated. The pre-allocated block
> > > addresses are passed to a DMA engine which then directly transfers the
> > > data to non-volatile storage.
> > > Please let me know if you have any objections to exporting this symbol
> > > or if you need additional information from me concerning this change
> > > request. I am happy to answer any questions that you may have about this
> > > in the meantime.
> > 
> > Wait, _I_ have an objection to exporting this symbol.
> > 
> > I really don't think it is needed at this point in time, as we really
> > need to figure out exactly what your driver is doing to want to need to
> > call this function.
> 
> OK, I am trying to answer all questions on this topic that I am getting,
> but honestly I have not gotten a lot so far. 

That's because not many people have noticed the code yet :)

> > So please, let's not export it for now, when we get to the point that we
> > all agree that this driver is doing the "correct" thing, then we can
> > export the symbol, ok?
> 
> Sure, I think that the driver is doing the correct thing, but that is
> mostly because I have not found another way to solve this issue.

What specifically is the issue here that you are trying to solve?

And why has no other driver ever needed this type of functionality
before?

> > thanks,
> 
> >Also, why do this at the FAT level, and not more correctly at the block
> > layer level? 
> The short answer is that the block level does not have the file system
> awareness needed to determine where a file should be stored on the NVM
> device. 
> The longer answer is to consider the case of an MTP host, which operates
> at the file level. It sends the mobile (Linux) device "SendObject" which
> tells it to store the file on its file system. When the device receives
> this, it has two options:
> 1) receive all data, buffer it, then write the file. This is typically a
> slow process USB->Processor->SDRAM->Processor/DMA engine->Media
> 2) pre-allocate the file as soon as it knows that it is coming and how
> big it is, and then send the block addresses to an external DMA engine
> and let it transfer the data from the MTP host directly

We have a userspace MTP driver for Linux, using gadgetfs, right?  So
none of this is applicable from what I can tell.

> The West Bridge driver goes for option two for performance reasons. In
> doing this, it needs to get information from the file system on where to
> store the file.

Look at how Linux already handles MTP for how to handle this properly, I
don't think there is any need to do any of this from within the kernel.

> >What happens if this isn't a FAT partition on the >device?
> Good question. So far, it has been stored on a FAT partition in most use
> cases because the user typically wants the option to enumerate the
> device as mass storage as well or be able to see content on a PC if the
> SD card is removed. However, there is no reason that this could not be
> done with ext2 or other filesystems on non-removable media.

Like NTFS?  How are you going to handle that when you run out of size
due to the limitations of FAT?  Hint, that's not going to work with this
type of solution...

> This would require some work to figure out how to implement a
> pre-allocation interface with it. Alternatively a more general
> pre-allocation interface could be added (falloc()) to implemented file
> systems to make this process easier.  

Userspace handles this quite easily already, see above.

thanks,

greg k-h

Re: EXPORT_SYMBOL(fat_get_block)

[David Cross]

On Fri, 2010-08-13 at 12:01 -0700, Greg KH wrote:
> On Fri, Aug 13, 2010 at 11:43:12AM -0700, David Cross wrote:
> > On Fri, 2010-08-13 at 10:54 -0700, Greg KH wrote:
> > > On Fri, Aug 13, 2010 at 10:45:39AM -0700, David Cross wrote:
> > > > Hello Hirofumi,
> > > > I would like to export this symbol from the vfat code and add this patch
> > > > to the Linux kernel. You are listed as the MAINTAINER for FAT and VFAT.
> > > > As such, I need your approval to do it. 
> > > > The reason that I need to export this symbol is to allow for file based
> > > > DMA in which the file needs to be pre-allocated. The pre-allocated block
> > > > addresses are passed to a DMA engine which then directly transfers the
> > > > data to non-volatile storage.
> > > > Please let me know if you have any objections to exporting this symbol
> > > > or if you need additional information from me concerning this change
> > > > request. I am happy to answer any questions that you may have about this
> > > > in the meantime.
> > > 
> > > Wait, _I_ have an objection to exporting this symbol.
> > > 
> > > I really don't think it is needed at this point in time, as we really
> > > need to figure out exactly what your driver is doing to want to need to
> > > call this function.
> > 
> > OK, I am trying to answer all questions on this topic that I am getting,
> > but honestly I have not gotten a lot so far. 
> 
> That's because not many people have noticed the code yet :)
> 
> > > So please, let's not export it for now, when we get to the point that we
> > > all agree that this driver is doing the "correct" thing, then we can
> > > export the symbol, ok?
> > 
> > Sure, I think that the driver is doing the correct thing, but that is
> > mostly because I have not found another way to solve this issue.
> 
> What specifically is the issue here that you are trying to solve?
  We are trying to solve the issue of all data needing to go through the
processor, even when its ultimate destination is non-volatile media.
	
> And why has no other driver ever needed this type of functionality
> before?
  I am not sure, but my guess is because this represents a novel solution to 
a performance problem.

> > > thanks,
> > 
> > >Also, why do this at the FAT level, and not more correctly at the block
> > > layer level? 
> > The short answer is that the block level does not have the file system
> > awareness needed to determine where a file should be stored on the NVM
> > device. 
> > The longer answer is to consider the case of an MTP host, which operates
> > at the file level. It sends the mobile (Linux) device "SendObject" which
> > tells it to store the file on its file system. When the device receives
> > this, it has two options:
> > 1) receive all data, buffer it, then write the file. This is typically a
> > slow process USB->Processor->SDRAM->Processor/DMA engine->Media
> > 2) pre-allocate the file as soon as it knows that it is coming and how
> > big it is, and then send the block addresses to an external DMA engine
> > and let it transfer the data from the MTP host directly
> 
> We have a userspace MTP driver for Linux, using gadgetfs, right?  So
> none of this is applicable from what I can tell.
Yes, the g_mtp development has started, but it is not integrated yet
last I checked. Most of the applications for this driver have used
gadgetfs as well in order to handle the protocol itself. So, I think it
is applicable.

> > The West Bridge driver goes for option two for performance reasons. In
> > doing this, it needs to get information from the file system on where to
> > store the file.
> 
> Look at how Linux already handles MTP for how to handle this properly, I
> don't think there is any need to do any of this from within the kernel.
I somewhat familiar with how Linux handles MTP. The current model is
CPU-centric and all data goes through the main processor from what I
have seen. This is a working solution, but not always a very fast one. I
agree though that this would not need to be done within the kernel if we
had a userspace method for file allocation and commitment.

> > >What happens if this isn't a FAT partition on the >device?
> > Good question. So far, it has been stored on a FAT partition in most use
> > cases because the user typically wants the option to enumerate the
> > device as mass storage as well or be able to see content on a PC if the
> > SD card is removed. However, there is no reason that this could not be
> > done with ext2 or other filesystems on non-removable media.
> 
> Like NTFS?  How are you going to handle that when you run out of size
> due to the limitations of FAT?  Hint, that's not going to work with this
> type of solution...
Isn't this also a userspace problem? When I run out of space on my Linux machine,
the message "no space left on device" pops up. Why is this solution any
more prone to size limitations compared with any other?

> > This would require some work to figure out how to implement a
> > pre-allocation interface with it. Alternatively a more general
> > pre-allocation interface could be added (falloc()) to implemented file
> > systems to make this process easier.  
> 
> Userspace handles this quite easily already, see above.
I don't see how userspace handles this from the comments above. I do
understand that there is a userspace MTP driver, but I don't see a
method for pre-allocation of files from the information above. Am I
missing something?

Thanks,
David


---------------------------------------------------------------
This message and any attachments may contain Cypress (or its
subsidiaries) confidential information. If it has been received
in error, please advise the sender and immediately delete this
message.
---------------------------------------------------------------

Re: EXPORT_SYMBOL(fat_get_block)

[Greg KH]

On Fri, Aug 13, 2010 at 12:17:39PM -0700, David Cross wrote:
> On Fri, 2010-08-13 at 12:01 -0700, Greg KH wrote:
> > On Fri, Aug 13, 2010 at 11:43:12AM -0700, David Cross wrote:
> > > On Fri, 2010-08-13 at 10:54 -0700, Greg KH wrote:
> > > > On Fri, Aug 13, 2010 at 10:45:39AM -0700, David Cross wrote:
> > > > > Hello Hirofumi,
> > > > > I would like to export this symbol from the vfat code and add this patch
> > > > > to the Linux kernel. You are listed as the MAINTAINER for FAT and VFAT.
> > > > > As such, I need your approval to do it. 
> > > > > The reason that I need to export this symbol is to allow for file based
> > > > > DMA in which the file needs to be pre-allocated. The pre-allocated block
> > > > > addresses are passed to a DMA engine which then directly transfers the
> > > > > data to non-volatile storage.
> > > > > Please let me know if you have any objections to exporting this symbol
> > > > > or if you need additional information from me concerning this change
> > > > > request. I am happy to answer any questions that you may have about this
> > > > > in the meantime.
> > > > 
> > > > Wait, _I_ have an objection to exporting this symbol.
> > > > 
> > > > I really don't think it is needed at this point in time, as we really
> > > > need to figure out exactly what your driver is doing to want to need to
> > > > call this function.
> > > 
> > > OK, I am trying to answer all questions on this topic that I am getting,
> > > but honestly I have not gotten a lot so far. 
> > 
> > That's because not many people have noticed the code yet :)
> > 
> > > > So please, let's not export it for now, when we get to the point that we
> > > > all agree that this driver is doing the "correct" thing, then we can
> > > > export the symbol, ok?
> > > 
> > > Sure, I think that the driver is doing the correct thing, but that is
> > > mostly because I have not found another way to solve this issue.
> > 
> > What specifically is the issue here that you are trying to solve?
>   We are trying to solve the issue of all data needing to go through the
> processor, even when its ultimate destination is non-volatile media.
> 	
> > And why has no other driver ever needed this type of functionality
> > before?
>   I am not sure, but my guess is because this represents a novel solution to 
> a performance problem.

What exactly are the performance issues with doing this from userspace,
vs. the FAT hack?

> > We have a userspace MTP driver for Linux, using gadgetfs, right?  So
> > none of this is applicable from what I can tell.
> Yes, the g_mtp development has started, but it is not integrated yet
> last I checked. Most of the applications for this driver have used
> gadgetfs as well in order to handle the protocol itself. So, I think it
> is applicable.

No, there's another MTP stack already released that works just fine on
Linux.  You can find it at:
	http://wiki.meego.com/Buteo

> > > The West Bridge driver goes for option two for performance reasons. In
> > > doing this, it needs to get information from the file system on where to
> > > store the file.
> > 
> > Look at how Linux already handles MTP for how to handle this properly, I
> > don't think there is any need to do any of this from within the kernel.
> I somewhat familiar with how Linux handles MTP. The current model is
> CPU-centric and all data goes through the main processor from what I
> have seen. This is a working solution, but not always a very fast one. I
> agree though that this would not need to be done within the kernel if we
> had a userspace method for file allocation and commitment.

Again, what's wrong with using the processor here?  What else does it
have to do at this point in time?

> > > >What happens if this isn't a FAT partition on the >device?
> > > Good question. So far, it has been stored on a FAT partition in most use
> > > cases because the user typically wants the option to enumerate the
> > > device as mass storage as well or be able to see content on a PC if the
> > > SD card is removed. However, there is no reason that this could not be
> > > done with ext2 or other filesystems on non-removable media.
> > 
> > Like NTFS?  How are you going to handle that when you run out of size
> > due to the limitations of FAT?  Hint, that's not going to work with this
> > type of solution...
> Isn't this also a userspace problem? When I run out of space on my Linux machine,
> the message "no space left on device" pops up. Why is this solution any
> more prone to size limitations compared with any other?

No, my point is that for larger disk sizes, you can't use FAT, you have
to use NTFS to be interoperable with other operating systems.  Your
solution will not handle that jump to larger storage sizes as you are
relying on FAT.

> > > This would require some work to figure out how to implement a
> > > pre-allocation interface with it. Alternatively a more general
> > > pre-allocation interface could be added (falloc()) to implemented file
> > > systems to make this process easier.  
> > 
> > Userspace handles this quite easily already, see above.
> I don't see how userspace handles this from the comments above. I do
> understand that there is a userspace MTP driver, but I don't see a
> method for pre-allocation of files from the information above. Am I
> missing something?

Yes, the pre-allocation is done in userspace, and then the data is
copied to the filesystem then.  The kernel doesn't have to have any
filesystem specific hacks in it to try to handle this at all.

Take a look at the above link for what you might want to do instead.
Because of this, I'm guessing that a lot of this code can be removed
from the driver, right?

thanks,

greg k-h

Re: EXPORT_SYMBOL(fat_get_block)

[David Cross]

On Fri, 2010-08-13 at 12:28 -0700, Greg KH wrote:
> On Fri, Aug 13, 2010 at 12:17:39PM -0700, David Cross wrote:
> > On Fri, 2010-08-13 at 12:01 -0700, Greg KH wrote:
> > > On Fri, Aug 13, 2010 at 11:43:12AM -0700, David Cross wrote:
> > > > On Fri, 2010-08-13 at 10:54 -0700, Greg KH wrote:
> > > > > On Fri, Aug 13, 2010 at 10:45:39AM -0700, David Cross wrote:
> > > > > > Hello Hirofumi,
> > > > > > I would like to export this symbol from the vfat code and add this patch
> > > > > > to the Linux kernel. You are listed as the MAINTAINER for FAT and VFAT.
> > > > > > As such, I need your approval to do it. 
> > > > > > The reason that I need to export this symbol is to allow for file based
> > > > > > DMA in which the file needs to be pre-allocated. The pre-allocated block
> > > > > > addresses are passed to a DMA engine which then directly transfers the
> > > > > > data to non-volatile storage.
> > > > > > Please let me know if you have any objections to exporting this symbol
> > > > > > or if you need additional information from me concerning this change
> > > > > > request. I am happy to answer any questions that you may have about this
> > > > > > in the meantime.
> > > > > 
> > > > > Wait, _I_ have an objection to exporting this symbol.
> > > > > 
> > > > > I really don't think it is needed at this point in time, as we really
> > > > > need to figure out exactly what your driver is doing to want to need to
> > > > > call this function.
> > > > 
> > > > OK, I am trying to answer all questions on this topic that I am getting,
> > > > but honestly I have not gotten a lot so far. 
> > > 
> > > That's because not many people have noticed the code yet :)
> > > 
> > > > > So please, let's not export it for now, when we get to the point that we
> > > > > all agree that this driver is doing the "correct" thing, then we can
> > > > > export the symbol, ok?
> > > > 
> > > > Sure, I think that the driver is doing the correct thing, but that is
> > > > mostly because I have not found another way to solve this issue.
> > > 
> > > What specifically is the issue here that you are trying to solve?
> >   We are trying to solve the issue of all data needing to go through the
> > processor, even when its ultimate destination is non-volatile media.
> > 	
> > > And why has no other driver ever needed this type of functionality
> > > before?
> >   I am not sure, but my guess is because this represents a novel solution to 
> > a performance problem.
> 
> What exactly are the performance issues with doing this from userspace,
> vs. the FAT hack?
Usually it takes a lot longer. West Bridge can do MTP transfers at the performance of the storage device. 
Sending the file data through the processor is typically much slower.

> > > We have a userspace MTP driver for Linux, using gadgetfs, right?  So
> > > none of this is applicable from what I can tell.
> > Yes, the g_mtp development has started, but it is not integrated yet
> > last I checked. Most of the applications for this driver have used
> > gadgetfs as well in order to handle the protocol itself. So, I think it
> > is applicable.
> 
> No, there's another MTP stack already released that works just fine on
> Linux.  You can find it at:
> 	http://wiki.meego.com/Buteo
Thanks, I have seen this as well. This is not a driver though, it is an
MTP protocol stack. This is similar to the applications I have worked
with. The driver is not attempting to replace either the protocol stack
or the use of gadgetfs. All that it is providing is a gadget peripheral
controller driver (that can be used with gadgetfs) along with the
ability to perform pre-allocation and allow for direct transfer. I
re-checked this stack once again to make sure that it had not
fundamentally changed and it seems not to have. What it uses is a
storageserver abstraction to the file system. At the low level this is
still operating on files at the level of open(), read(), write(),
close(). There is no alloc() in the list that I can see. So, I agree
that there is a working stack. As you can tell, the driver is not
attempting to re-create or replace this working stack.  

> > > > The West Bridge driver goes for option two for performance reasons. In
> > > > doing this, it needs to get information from the file system on where to
> > > > store the file.
> > > 
> > > Look at how Linux already handles MTP for how to handle this properly, I
> > > don't think there is any need to do any of this from within the kernel.
> > I somewhat familiar with how Linux handles MTP. The current model is
> > CPU-centric and all data goes through the main processor from what I
> > have seen. This is a working solution, but not always a very fast one. I
> > agree though that this would not need to be done within the kernel if we
> > had a userspace method for file allocation and commitment.
> 
> Again, what's wrong with using the processor here?  What else does it
> have to do at this point in time?
Judging by the current batch of Android phones: run a video conference, update a users twitter page,
take high resolution photographs, get live stock updates via desktop
widget, receive a phone call, play back Youtube, stream Pandora, manage
media content, post a new profile picture on facebook, get corporate
email, etc. I am sure we can both come up with many more examples.

> > > > >What happens if this isn't a FAT partition on the >device?
> > > > Good question. So far, it has been stored on a FAT partition in most use
> > > > cases because the user typically wants the option to enumerate the
> > > > device as mass storage as well or be able to see content on a PC if the
> > > > SD card is removed. However, there is no reason that this could not be
> > > > done with ext2 or other filesystems on non-removable media.
> > > 
> > > Like NTFS?  How are you going to handle that when you run out of size
> > > due to the limitations of FAT?  Hint, that's not going to work with this
> > > type of solution...
> > Isn't this also a userspace problem? When I run out of space on my Linux machine,
> > the message "no space left on device" pops up. Why is this solution any
> > more prone to size limitations compared with any other?
> 
> No, my point is that for larger disk sizes, you can't use FAT, you have
> to use NTFS to be interoperable with other operating systems.  Your
> solution will not handle that jump to larger storage sizes as you are
> relying on FAT.
This is so far not an issue for removable media. Do I really need to handle NTFS interoperability now?
If so, do you agree with Christoph's feedback concerning the implementation? Could I add 
hooks to other file systems and leave them unpopulated?

> > > > This would require some work to figure out how to implement a
> > > > pre-allocation interface with it. Alternatively a more general
> > > > pre-allocation interface could be added (falloc()) to implemented file
> > > > systems to make this process easier.  
> > > 
> > > Userspace handles this quite easily already, see above.
> > I don't see how userspace handles this from the comments above. I do
> > understand that there is a userspace MTP driver, but I don't see a
> > method for pre-allocation of files from the information above. Am I
> > missing something?
> 
> Yes, the pre-allocation is done in userspace, and then the data is
> copied to the filesystem then.  The kernel doesn't have to have any
> filesystem specific hacks in it to try to handle this at all.
Where do you see pre-allocation done in the Buteo MTP stack? Looking at
the implementation, it appears to be allocated during write wherein a
data buffer and pointer is passed in. 

> Take a look at the above link for what you might want to do instead.
> Because of this, I'm guessing that a lot of this code can be removed
> from the driver, right?
If there were a user space method to pre-allocate the file, it would
definitely trim down the ioctls in the gadget driver. Instead of
pre-allocating the file, we would just need to send down the physical
block numbers for the transfer destination. I am still not seeing where
this user space method exists though.

Thanks,
David



---------------------------------------------------------------
This message and any attachments may contain Cypress (or its
subsidiaries) confidential information. If it has been received
in error, please advise the sender and immediately delete this
message.
---------------------------------------------------------------

Re: EXPORT_SYMBOL(fat_get_block)

[Greg KH]

On Fri, Aug 13, 2010 at 01:32:15PM -0700, David Cross wrote:
> > 
> > What exactly are the performance issues with doing this from userspace,
> > vs. the FAT hack?
> Usually it takes a lot longer. West Bridge can do MTP transfers at the
> performance of the storage device.  Sending the file data through the
> processor is typically much slower.

What is "slower" here?  Please, real numbers.

> > > > We have a userspace MTP driver for Linux, using gadgetfs, right?  So
> > > > none of this is applicable from what I can tell.
> > > Yes, the g_mtp development has started, but it is not integrated yet
> > > last I checked. Most of the applications for this driver have used
> > > gadgetfs as well in order to handle the protocol itself. So, I think it
> > > is applicable.
> > 
> > No, there's another MTP stack already released that works just fine on
> > Linux.  You can find it at:
> > 	http://wiki.meego.com/Buteo
> Thanks, I have seen this as well. This is not a driver though, it is an
> MTP protocol stack.

With a gadgetfs driver underneath, right?  Or am I missing a piece here?

> This is similar to the applications I have worked
> with. The driver is not attempting to replace either the protocol stack
> or the use of gadgetfs. All that it is providing is a gadget peripheral
> controller driver (that can be used with gadgetfs) along with the
> ability to perform pre-allocation and allow for direct transfer.

It's that "pre-allocation" that is the issue.

> I re-checked this stack once again to make sure that it had not
> fundamentally changed and it seems not to have. What it uses is a
> storageserver abstraction to the file system. At the low level this is
> still operating on files at the level of open(), read(), write(),
> close(). There is no alloc() in the list that I can see. So, I agree
> that there is a working stack. As you can tell, the driver is not
> attempting to re-create or replace this working stack.  

To "preallocate" a file, just open it and then mmap it and write away,
right?  Why can't userspace do that?

> > > > > The West Bridge driver goes for option two for performance reasons. In
> > > > > doing this, it needs to get information from the file system on where to
> > > > > store the file.
> > > > 
> > > > Look at how Linux already handles MTP for how to handle this properly, I
> > > > don't think there is any need to do any of this from within the kernel.
> > > I somewhat familiar with how Linux handles MTP. The current model is
> > > CPU-centric and all data goes through the main processor from what I
> > > have seen. This is a working solution, but not always a very fast one. I
> > > agree though that this would not need to be done within the kernel if we
> > > had a userspace method for file allocation and commitment.
> > 
> > Again, what's wrong with using the processor here?  What else does it
> > have to do at this point in time?
> Judging by the current batch of Android phones: run a video
> conference, update a users twitter page, take high resolution
> photographs, get live stock updates via desktop widget, receive a
> phone call, play back Youtube, stream Pandora, manage media content,
> post a new profile picture on facebook, get corporate email, etc.

All while trying to transfer a file to the device over the USB
connection?  There's no reason you can't slow down the transfer if the
user is doing something else, right?

> I am sure we can both come up with many more examples.

I still fail to see the use-case, and as you haven't backed it up with
any real numbers, that's an issue.

> > > > > >What happens if this isn't a FAT partition on the >device?
> > > > > Good question. So far, it has been stored on a FAT partition in most use
> > > > > cases because the user typically wants the option to enumerate the
> > > > > device as mass storage as well or be able to see content on a PC if the
> > > > > SD card is removed. However, there is no reason that this could not be
> > > > > done with ext2 or other filesystems on non-removable media.
> > > > 
> > > > Like NTFS?  How are you going to handle that when you run out of size
> > > > due to the limitations of FAT?  Hint, that's not going to work with this
> > > > type of solution...
> > > Isn't this also a userspace problem? When I run out of space on my Linux machine,
> > > the message "no space left on device" pops up. Why is this solution any
> > > more prone to size limitations compared with any other?
> > 
> > No, my point is that for larger disk sizes, you can't use FAT, you have
> > to use NTFS to be interoperable with other operating systems.  Your
> > solution will not handle that jump to larger storage sizes as you are
> > relying on FAT.
> This is so far not an issue for removable media. Do I really need to
> handle NTFS interoperability now?

You can't create something that will not work for all filesystems.

> If so, do you agree with Christoph's feedback concerning the
> implementation? Could I add hooks to other file systems and leave them
> unpopulated?

ntfs is done by using a FUSE filesystem in userspace on a "raw" block
device.  You can't put that type of support in the kernel here :)

> > Yes, the pre-allocation is done in userspace, and then the data is
> > copied to the filesystem then.  The kernel doesn't have to have any
> > filesystem specific hacks in it to try to handle this at all.
> Where do you see pre-allocation done in the Buteo MTP stack? Looking at
> the implementation, it appears to be allocated during write wherein a
> data buffer and pointer is passed in. 

And that's all that is needed, right?

> > Take a look at the above link for what you might want to do instead.
> > Because of this, I'm guessing that a lot of this code can be removed
> > from the driver, right?
> If there were a user space method to pre-allocate the file, it would
> definitely trim down the ioctls in the gadget driver.

open a file, seek to the end, then mmap the whole thing.  That's how
userspace has been doing this for a long time, right?  I'm sure there
are other ways of doing it as well.

> Instead of pre-allocating the file, we would just need to send down
> the physical block numbers for the transfer destination. I am still
> not seeing where this user space method exists though.

Ick, no, you would neve send down physical block numbers.

Look at how filesystems work from userspace, they achieve _very_ fast
speeds due to mmap and friends.  Heck, some people try to get the OS out
of the way entirely by just using direct I/O, or taking to the raw block
device.  Not by trying to allocate raw filesystem blocks from userspace,
that way lies madness.

thanks,

greg k-h

Re: EXPORT_SYMBOL(fat_get_block)

[David Cross]

On Fri, 2010-08-13 at 15:17 -0700, Greg KH wrote:
> On Fri, Aug 13, 2010 at 01:32:15PM -0700, David Cross wrote:
> > > 
> > > What exactly are the performance issues with doing this from userspace,
> > > vs. the FAT hack?
> > Usually it takes a lot longer. West Bridge can do MTP transfers at the
> > performance of the storage device.  Sending the file data through the
> > processor is typically much slower.
> 
> What is "slower" here?  Please, real numbers.
Sure, here are some of the numbers I have:
Cypress West Bridge   15
Blackberry Storm 2    4.6
Microsoft Zune        3.8
Nokia N97             2.1
SEMC W950	      1.1
SEMC W995             0.85	
Blackberry Storm      0.7

The number on the right represents MB/s for transfers of music files
(3-6MB in size). All are transfers to the same storage card. As you can
see, none of these are Linux based devices, but that is mostly because I
don't have any Linux based phones to benchmark for MTP performance at
the moment. All phones were benchmarked using a SanDisk 4GB microSDHC
Mobile Ultra card when possible (the Zune has built-in memory).

> > > > > We have a userspace MTP driver for Linux, using gadgetfs, right?  So
> > > > > none of this is applicable from what I can tell.
> > > > Yes, the g_mtp development has started, but it is not integrated yet
> > > > last I checked. Most of the applications for this driver have used
> > > > gadgetfs as well in order to handle the protocol itself. So, I think it
> > > > is applicable.
> > > 
> > > No, there's another MTP stack already released that works just fine on
> > > Linux.  You can find it at:
> > > 	http://wiki.meego.com/Buteo
> > Thanks, I have seen this as well. This is not a driver though, it is an
> > MTP protocol stack.
> 
> With a gadgetfs driver underneath, right?  Or am I missing a piece here?
Nope, you are correct this uses gadgetfs. That is what our driver uses
for all of the protocol handling. The only difference is...

> > This is similar to the applications I have worked
> > with. The driver is not attempting to replace either the protocol stack
> > or the use of gadgetfs. All that it is providing is a gadget peripheral
> > controller driver (that can be used with gadgetfs) along with the
> > ability to perform pre-allocation and allow for direct transfer.
> 
> It's that "pre-allocation" that is the issue.
Ack.

> > I re-checked this stack once again to make sure that it had not
> > fundamentally changed and it seems not to have. What it uses is a
> > storageserver abstraction to the file system. At the low level this is
> > still operating on files at the level of open(), read(), write(),
> > close(). There is no alloc() in the list that I can see. So, I agree
> > that there is a working stack. As you can tell, the driver is not
> > attempting to re-create or replace this working stack.  
> 
> To "preallocate" a file, just open it and then mmap it and write away,
> right?  Why can't userspace do that?
To do this from userspace in entirety, the CPU needs access to the data
in memory so that it can pass a pointer to the fwrite call. In this
case, the data never gets to the processor, it is written directly to
the storage by West Bridge. We did do some experiments in user space to
try and get this done. If I recall correctly, this resulted in zeros
being written to all blocks. I am copying Nelson Zhang, who did this
testing. He can comment more on the impediments to this implementation.

> > > > > > The West Bridge driver goes for option two for performance reasons. In
> > > > > > doing this, it needs to get information from the file system on where to
> > > > > > store the file.
> > > > > 
> > > > > Look at how Linux already handles MTP for how to handle this properly, I
> > > > > don't think there is any need to do any of this from within the kernel.
> > > > I somewhat familiar with how Linux handles MTP. The current model is
> > > > CPU-centric and all data goes through the main processor from what I
> > > > have seen. This is a working solution, but not always a very fast one. I
> > > > agree though that this would not need to be done within the kernel if we
> > > > had a userspace method for file allocation and commitment.
> > > 
> > > Again, what's wrong with using the processor here?  What else does it
> > > have to do at this point in time?
> > Judging by the current batch of Android phones: run a video
> > conference, update a users twitter page, take high resolution
> > photographs, get live stock updates via desktop widget, receive a
> > phone call, play back Youtube, stream Pandora, manage media content,
> > post a new profile picture on facebook, get corporate email, etc.
> 
> All while trying to transfer a file to the device over the USB
> connection?  There's no reason you can't slow down the transfer if the
> user is doing something else, right?
Yes, you can slow it down, but that may not be the best solution. Eg, if
you want to sync a movie to your mobile device before catching a flight,
you probably don't want to wait three times as long to get it done and
onto the airport shuttle.

> > I am sure we can both come up with many more examples.
> 
> I still fail to see the use-case, and as you haven't backed it up with
> any real numbers, that's an issue.
Numbers included above.

> > > > > > >What happens if this isn't a FAT partition on the >device?
> > > > > > Good question. So far, it has been stored on a FAT partition in most use
> > > > > > cases because the user typically wants the option to enumerate the
> > > > > > device as mass storage as well or be able to see content on a PC if the
> > > > > > SD card is removed. However, there is no reason that this could not be
> > > > > > done with ext2 or other filesystems on non-removable media.
> > > > > 
> > > > > Like NTFS?  How are you going to handle that when you run out of size
> > > > > due to the limitations of FAT?  Hint, that's not going to work with this
> > > > > type of solution...
> > > > Isn't this also a userspace problem? When I run out of space on my Linux machine,
> > > > the message "no space left on device" pops up. Why is this solution any
> > > > more prone to size limitations compared with any other?
> > > 
> > > No, my point is that for larger disk sizes, you can't use FAT, you have
> > > to use NTFS to be interoperable with other operating systems.  Your
> > > solution will not handle that jump to larger storage sizes as you are
> > > relying on FAT.
> > This is so far not an issue for removable media. Do I really need to
> > handle NTFS interoperability now?
> 
> You can't create something that will not work for all filesystems.
> 
> > If so, do you agree with Christoph's feedback concerning the
> > implementation? Could I add hooks to other file systems and leave them
> > unpopulated?
> 
> ntfs is done by using a FUSE filesystem in userspace on a "raw" block
> device.  You can't put that type of support in the kernel here :)
Fair, but to support the removable media model, I don't really need to.
What if I put a check in the code to verify that the media is removable
and vfat compatible before executing the fat_get_block call?

> > > Yes, the pre-allocation is done in userspace, and then the data is
> > > copied to the filesystem then.  The kernel doesn't have to have any
> > > filesystem specific hacks in it to try to handle this at all.
> > Where do you see pre-allocation done in the Buteo MTP stack? Looking at
> > the implementation, it appears to be allocated during write wherein a
> > data buffer and pointer is passed in. 
> 
> And that's all that is needed, right?
Not really, no. What I am looking for is to allocate the file with a
NULL pointer to the data buffer, not through the write call.

> > > Take a look at the above link for what you might want to do instead.
> > > Because of this, I'm guessing that a lot of this code can be removed
> > > from the driver, right?
> > If there were a user space method to pre-allocate the file, it would
> > definitely trim down the ioctls in the gadget driver.
> 
> open a file, seek to the end, then mmap the whole thing.  That's how
> userspace has been doing this for a long time, right?  I'm sure there
> are other ways of doing it as well.
As I recall, this is how we ended up with zeroes written to the file.
Nelson should have more comments.

> > Instead of pre-allocating the file, we would just need to send down
> > the physical block numbers for the transfer destination. I am still
> > not seeing where this user space method exists though.
> 
> Ick, no, you would neve send down physical block numbers.
>
> Look at how filesystems work from userspace, they achieve _very_ fast
> speeds due to mmap and friends.  Heck, some people try to get the OS out
> of the way entirely by just using direct I/O, or taking to the raw block
> device.  Not by trying to allocate raw filesystem blocks from userspace,
> that way lies madness.
Well, it is not really the filesystem that necessarily bottlenecks the
performance. It is usually that in combination with the hardware data
path that this usage implies. If you want to sync a phone without a
sideloading accelerator, the data path taken is usually as follows:

1) data received by USB peripheral, typically into fifos
2) cpu gets interrupted, sees that data is there
3) cpu sets up DMA transfer to SDRAM to cache data
4) At some point CPU initiates DMA transfer from SDRAM to removable
media.
5) depending on the peripheral implementation, data may be buffered
either in the peripheral (SD/MMC controller) or in the DMA engine
itself.

So, yes, the filesystem accesses can be fast, but the convoluted data
path usually is not.

Thanks,
David


---------------------------------------------------------------
This message and any attachments may contain Cypress (or its
subsidiaries) confidential information. If it has been received
in error, please advise the sender and immediately delete this
message.
---------------------------------------------------------------

Re: EXPORT_SYMBOL(fat_get_block)

[Greg KH]

On Fri, Aug 13, 2010 at 04:22:13PM -0700, David Cross wrote:
> On Fri, 2010-08-13 at 15:17 -0700, Greg KH wrote:
> > On Fri, Aug 13, 2010 at 01:32:15PM -0700, David Cross wrote:
> > > > 
> > > > What exactly are the performance issues with doing this from userspace,
> > > > vs. the FAT hack?
> > > Usually it takes a lot longer. West Bridge can do MTP transfers at the
> > > performance of the storage device.  Sending the file data through the
> > > processor is typically much slower.
> > 
> > What is "slower" here?  Please, real numbers.
> Sure, here are some of the numbers I have:
> Cypress West Bridge   15
> Blackberry Storm 2    4.6
> Microsoft Zune        3.8
> Nokia N97             2.1
> SEMC W950	      1.1
> SEMC W995             0.85	
> Blackberry Storm      0.7

No, I mean numbers before and after with and without this "hack".

> > > This is similar to the applications I have worked
> > > with. The driver is not attempting to replace either the protocol stack
> > > or the use of gadgetfs. All that it is providing is a gadget peripheral
> > > controller driver (that can be used with gadgetfs) along with the
> > > ability to perform pre-allocation and allow for direct transfer.
> > 
> > It's that "pre-allocation" that is the issue.
> Ack.
> 
> > > I re-checked this stack once again to make sure that it had not
> > > fundamentally changed and it seems not to have. What it uses is a
> > > storageserver abstraction to the file system. At the low level this is
> > > still operating on files at the level of open(), read(), write(),
> > > close(). There is no alloc() in the list that I can see. So, I agree
> > > that there is a working stack. As you can tell, the driver is not
> > > attempting to re-create or replace this working stack.  
> > 
> > To "preallocate" a file, just open it and then mmap it and write away,
> > right?  Why can't userspace do that?
> To do this from userspace in entirety, the CPU needs access to the data
> in memory so that it can pass a pointer to the fwrite call. 

That's a stream, not mmap.  What's wrong with mmap?  That should provide
what you are looking for here, right?

> In this case, the data never gets to the processor, it is written
> directly to the storage by West Bridge. We did do some experiments in
> user space to try and get this done. If I recall correctly, this
> resulted in zeros being written to all blocks. I am copying Nelson
> Zhang, who did this testing. He can comment more on the impediments to
> this implementation.

I would be interested in finding out what the problem was here.

> > All while trying to transfer a file to the device over the USB
> > connection?  There's no reason you can't slow down the transfer if the
> > user is doing something else, right?
> Yes, you can slow it down, but that may not be the best solution. Eg, if
> you want to sync a movie to your mobile device before catching a flight,
> you probably don't want to wait three times as long to get it done and
> onto the airport shuttle.

Wee, contrived user interaction senarios, I can do that too!

What happens if the user wants to download a file, and stream a 3g viop
call at the same time he is running to catch that airport shuttle and is
trying to listen to the navigation guides which is reading the gps chip
stream and guiding him to the nearest bus stop?  :)

Sorry, this isn't a valid thing to be arguing at this point in time.
Hacks like this in places you shouldn't be doing things, are not
allowed.

> > > If so, do you agree with Christoph's feedback concerning the
> > > implementation? Could I add hooks to other file systems and leave them
> > > unpopulated?
> > 
> > ntfs is done by using a FUSE filesystem in userspace on a "raw" block
> > device.  You can't put that type of support in the kernel here :)
> Fair, but to support the removable media model, I don't really need to.
> What if I put a check in the code to verify that the media is removable
> and vfat compatible before executing the fat_get_block call?

You can't rely on that flag, sorry, it doesn't work with real-world
devices.

And I have removable media right here, that shipped to me formatted as
NTFS, so that is a valid model today.

> > Look at how filesystems work from userspace, they achieve _very_ fast
> > speeds due to mmap and friends.  Heck, some people try to get the OS out
> > of the way entirely by just using direct I/O, or taking to the raw block
> > device.  Not by trying to allocate raw filesystem blocks from userspace,
> > that way lies madness.
> Well, it is not really the filesystem that necessarily bottlenecks the
> performance. It is usually that in combination with the hardware data
> path that this usage implies. If you want to sync a phone without a
> sideloading accelerator, the data path taken is usually as follows:
> 
> 1) data received by USB peripheral, typically into fifos
> 2) cpu gets interrupted, sees that data is there
> 3) cpu sets up DMA transfer to SDRAM to cache data
> 4) At some point CPU initiates DMA transfer from SDRAM to removable
> media.

Wait, step 4 is a big jump.  Userspace should be reading that data, and
then writing it back out to a file it opened, not this "dma directly to
media" stuff.

And yes, you can stream it if you want from userspace to the file if
that's faster, but odds are mmap() will work best here.

> 5) depending on the peripheral implementation, data may be buffered
> either in the peripheral (SD/MMC controller) or in the DMA engine
> itself.

Yes, you don't know what is backing that filesystem, that's the big
issue, just as you don't know what type of filesystem it is, from within
the kernel.

thanks,

greg k-h

Re: EXPORT_SYMBOL(fat_get_block)

[David Cross]

On Fri, 2010-08-13 at 17:25 -0700, Greg KH wrote:
> On Fri, Aug 13, 2010 at 04:22:13PM -0700, David Cross wrote:
> > On Fri, 2010-08-13 at 15:17 -0700, Greg KH wrote:
> > > On Fri, Aug 13, 2010 at 01:32:15PM -0700, David Cross wrote:
> > > > > 
> > > > > What exactly are the performance issues with doing this from userspace,
> > > > > vs. the FAT hack?
> > > > Usually it takes a lot longer. West Bridge can do MTP transfers at the
> > > > performance of the storage device.  Sending the file data through the
> > > > processor is typically much slower.
> > > 
> > > What is "slower" here?  Please, real numbers.
> > Sure, here are some of the numbers I have:
> > Cypress West Bridge   15
> > Blackberry Storm 2    4.6
> > Microsoft Zune        3.8
> > Nokia N97             2.1
> > SEMC W950	      1.1
> > SEMC W995             0.85	
> > Blackberry Storm      0.7
> 
> No, I mean numbers before and after with and without this "hack".
I can provide these, but it will take me some time to implement. I will have to use the Zoom II
platform to benchmark. Any issues with this approach before I get
started?

> > > > This is similar to the applications I have worked
> > > > with. The driver is not attempting to replace either the protocol stack
> > > > or the use of gadgetfs. All that it is providing is a gadget peripheral
> > > > controller driver (that can be used with gadgetfs) along with the
> > > > ability to perform pre-allocation and allow for direct transfer.
> > > 
> > > It's that "pre-allocation" that is the issue.
> > Ack.
> > 
> > > > I re-checked this stack once again to make sure that it had not
> > > > fundamentally changed and it seems not to have. What it uses is a
> > > > storageserver abstraction to the file system. At the low level this is
> > > > still operating on files at the level of open(), read(), write(),
> > > > close(). There is no alloc() in the list that I can see. So, I agree
> > > > that there is a working stack. As you can tell, the driver is not
> > > > attempting to re-create or replace this working stack.  
> > > 
> > > To "preallocate" a file, just open it and then mmap it and write away,
> > > right?  Why can't userspace do that?
> > To do this from userspace in entirety, the CPU needs access to the data
> > in memory so that it can pass a pointer to the fwrite call. 
> 
> That's a stream, not mmap.  What's wrong with mmap?  That should provide
> what you are looking for here, right?
Maybe, if this works we can close the discussion, so far it has not. We do use bmap once the file
has been allocated, but does mmap really create an empty file on disk
with the correct state saved and without content? 

> > In this case, the data never gets to the processor, it is written
> > directly to the storage by West Bridge. We did do some experiments in
> > user space to try and get this done. If I recall correctly, this
> > resulted in zeros being written to all blocks. I am copying Nelson
> > Zhang, who did this testing. He can comment more on the impediments to
> > this implementation.
> 
> I would be interested in finding out what the problem was here.
Nelson will give more details about the issues.

> > > All while trying to transfer a file to the device over the USB
> > > connection?  There's no reason you can't slow down the transfer if the
> > > user is doing something else, right?
> > Yes, you can slow it down, but that may not be the best solution. Eg, if
> > you want to sync a movie to your mobile device before catching a flight,
> > you probably don't want to wait three times as long to get it done and
> > onto the airport shuttle.
> 
> Wee, contrived user interaction senarios, I can do that too!
> 
> What happens if the user wants to download a file, and stream a 3g viop
> call at the same time he is running to catch that airport shuttle and is
> trying to listen to the navigation guides which is reading the gps chip
> stream and guiding him to the nearest bus stop?  :)
> 
> Sorry, this isn't a valid thing to be arguing at this point in time.
> Hacks like this in places you shouldn't be doing things, are not
> allowed.
Your question was: "What problem are you trying to solve?" My answer was
"performance". I am not sure how to respond to "why can't you slow down
the transfer?" or "who cares about performance?" without contrived user
scenarios. Syncing your phone takes longer than it needs to. One of the
purposes of this chip is that it provides one solution to the problem.
The software submitted to the community is our attempt to solve this in
a way that works nicely with Linux. I remain open to constructive
suggestions, but this argument is sounding increasingly circular in
nature.

> > > > If so, do you agree with Christoph's feedback concerning the
> > > > implementation? Could I add hooks to other file systems and leave them
> > > > unpopulated?
> > > 
> > > ntfs is done by using a FUSE filesystem in userspace on a "raw" block
> > > device.  You can't put that type of support in the kernel here :)
> > Fair, but to support the removable media model, I don't really need to.
> > What if I put a check in the code to verify that the media is removable
> > and vfat compatible before executing the fat_get_block call?
> 
> You can't rely on that flag, sorry, it doesn't work with real-world
> devices.
> 
> And I have removable media right here, that shipped to me formatted as
> NTFS, so that is a valid model today.
Is it an SD Card? I have little interest in hooking my cell up to a USB
powered hard drive at the moment. 

> > > Look at how filesystems work from userspace, they achieve _very_ fast
> > > speeds due to mmap and friends.  Heck, some people try to get the OS out
> > > of the way entirely by just using direct I/O, or taking to the raw block
> > > device.  Not by trying to allocate raw filesystem blocks from userspace,
> > > that way lies madness.
> > Well, it is not really the filesystem that necessarily bottlenecks the
> > performance. It is usually that in combination with the hardware data
> > path that this usage implies. If you want to sync a phone without a
> > sideloading accelerator, the data path taken is usually as follows:
> > 
> > 1) data received by USB peripheral, typically into fifos
> > 2) cpu gets interrupted, sees that data is there
> > 3) cpu sets up DMA transfer to SDRAM to cache data
> > 4) At some point CPU initiates DMA transfer from SDRAM to removable
> > media.
> 
> Wait, step 4 is a big jump.  Userspace should be reading that data, and
> then writing it back out to a file it opened, not this "dma directly to
> media" stuff.
My statement was that the hardware and software is convoluted and the
data path hits different memories multiple times. Your response seems to
be that I left out one of the memory copies to userspace. I think that
adds to my point, doesn't it?

> And yes, you can stream it if you want from userspace to the file if
> that's faster, but odds are mmap() will work best here.
Ok, but I don't want the data to hit userspace unless the file is read back. Does 
using mmap support this scenario?

> > 5) depending on the peripheral implementation, data may be buffered
> > either in the peripheral (SD/MMC controller) or in the DMA engine
> > itself.
> 
> Yes, you don't know what is backing that filesystem, that's the big
> issue, just as you don't know what type of filesystem it is, from within
> the kernel.
Can't I pass this information into the driver using the ioctl call? If
the filesystem is not fat and not removable, this driver should likely
not be used, at least not for this purpose.

thanks,
David


---------------------------------------------------------------
This message and any attachments may contain Cypress (or its
subsidiaries) confidential information. If it has been received
in error, please advise the sender and immediately delete this
message.
---------------------------------------------------------------

Re: EXPORT_SYMBOL(fat_get_block)

[Greg KH]

On Fri, Aug 13, 2010 at 06:12:43PM -0700, David Cross wrote:
> On Fri, 2010-08-13 at 17:25 -0700, Greg KH wrote:
> > On Fri, Aug 13, 2010 at 04:22:13PM -0700, David Cross wrote:
> > > On Fri, 2010-08-13 at 15:17 -0700, Greg KH wrote:
> > > > On Fri, Aug 13, 2010 at 01:32:15PM -0700, David Cross wrote:
> > > > > > 
> > > > > > What exactly are the performance issues with doing this from userspace,
> > > > > > vs. the FAT hack?
> > > > > Usually it takes a lot longer. West Bridge can do MTP transfers at the
> > > > > performance of the storage device.  Sending the file data through the
> > > > > processor is typically much slower.
> > > > 
> > > > What is "slower" here?  Please, real numbers.
> > > Sure, here are some of the numbers I have:
> > > Cypress West Bridge   15
> > > Blackberry Storm 2    4.6
> > > Microsoft Zune        3.8
> > > Nokia N97             2.1
> > > SEMC W950	      1.1
> > > SEMC W995             0.85	
> > > Blackberry Storm      0.7
> > 
> > No, I mean numbers before and after with and without this "hack".
> I can provide these, but it will take me some time to implement. I
> will have to use the Zoom II platform to benchmark. Any issues with
> this approach before I get started?

It's ok, you don't have to do it right now, I'm just curious as to how
much speed difference you are seeing here.

As it will be a few weeks before I can even get this into the -next
tree, it's not of upmost importance at the moment.

> > > > > This is similar to the applications I have worked
> > > > > with. The driver is not attempting to replace either the protocol stack
> > > > > or the use of gadgetfs. All that it is providing is a gadget peripheral
> > > > > controller driver (that can be used with gadgetfs) along with the
> > > > > ability to perform pre-allocation and allow for direct transfer.
> > > > 
> > > > It's that "pre-allocation" that is the issue.
> > > Ack.
> > > 
> > > > > I re-checked this stack once again to make sure that it had not
> > > > > fundamentally changed and it seems not to have. What it uses is a
> > > > > storageserver abstraction to the file system. At the low level this is
> > > > > still operating on files at the level of open(), read(), write(),
> > > > > close(). There is no alloc() in the list that I can see. So, I agree
> > > > > that there is a working stack. As you can tell, the driver is not
> > > > > attempting to re-create or replace this working stack.  
> > > > 
> > > > To "preallocate" a file, just open it and then mmap it and write away,
> > > > right?  Why can't userspace do that?
> > > To do this from userspace in entirety, the CPU needs access to the data
> > > in memory so that it can pass a pointer to the fwrite call. 
> > 
> > That's a stream, not mmap.  What's wrong with mmap?  That should provide
> > what you are looking for here, right?
> Maybe, if this works we can close the discussion, so far it has not.
> We do use bmap once the file has been allocated, but does mmap really
> create an empty file on disk with the correct state saved and without
> content? 

Well, if you zero out everything on a mmapped file and then close it, it
should.  But you might just be creating a "sparse" file, so you need to
be careful about that as well.

What I mean to do about mmap is just that is the way your userspace
program can write to the file, not as a stream.  That is much faster and
causes less I/O to the device (well, it should.)  Does that make more
sense?

> Your question was: "What problem are you trying to solve?" My answer was
> "performance". I am not sure how to respond to "why can't you slow down
> the transfer?" or "who cares about performance?" without contrived user
> scenarios. Syncing your phone takes longer than it needs to. One of the
> purposes of this chip is that it provides one solution to the problem.
> The software submitted to the community is our attempt to solve this in
> a way that works nicely with Linux. I remain open to constructive
> suggestions, but this argument is sounding increasingly circular in
> nature.

Sorry, I don't mean this to come off that way at all, my appologies.

I'm just very curious as this is the first time something like this has
been proposed that I know of, so generally either the design is wrong,
or it is such a unique situation that no one has ever hit this before.

So far, I'm leaning toward the "design is a bit incorrect" :)

But again, let's take this one thing at a time.  Let's get the driver
into the tree, with that one ioctl commented out.  We can then work on
cleaning it all up and figuring out the logic of where it all goes in
the tree, and what it looks like in the end after the refactoring.
During that time, we will have plenty of time to discuss why the
previous attempts ended up with zeros in the file.

Sound good?

> > > > > If so, do you agree with Christoph's feedback concerning the
> > > > > implementation? Could I add hooks to other file systems and leave them
> > > > > unpopulated?
> > > > 
> > > > ntfs is done by using a FUSE filesystem in userspace on a "raw" block
> > > > device.  You can't put that type of support in the kernel here :)
> > > Fair, but to support the removable media model, I don't really need to.
> > > What if I put a check in the code to verify that the media is removable
> > > and vfat compatible before executing the fat_get_block call?
> > 
> > You can't rely on that flag, sorry, it doesn't work with real-world
> > devices.
> > 
> > And I have removable media right here, that shipped to me formatted as
> > NTFS, so that is a valid model today.
> Is it an SD Card? I have little interest in hooking my cell up to a USB
> powered hard drive at the moment. 

My cell phone hooks up to a USB powered hard drive at the moment :)
It can also drive a monitor through the usb connection, you would be
amazed what you can do with these things these days.

> > > > Look at how filesystems work from userspace, they achieve _very_ fast
> > > > speeds due to mmap and friends.  Heck, some people try to get the OS out
> > > > of the way entirely by just using direct I/O, or taking to the raw block
> > > > device.  Not by trying to allocate raw filesystem blocks from userspace,
> > > > that way lies madness.
> > > Well, it is not really the filesystem that necessarily bottlenecks the
> > > performance. It is usually that in combination with the hardware data
> > > path that this usage implies. If you want to sync a phone without a
> > > sideloading accelerator, the data path taken is usually as follows:
> > > 
> > > 1) data received by USB peripheral, typically into fifos
> > > 2) cpu gets interrupted, sees that data is there
> > > 3) cpu sets up DMA transfer to SDRAM to cache data
> > > 4) At some point CPU initiates DMA transfer from SDRAM to removable
> > > media.
> > 
> > Wait, step 4 is a big jump.  Userspace should be reading that data, and
> > then writing it back out to a file it opened, not this "dma directly to
> > media" stuff.
> My statement was that the hardware and software is convoluted and the
> data path hits different memories multiple times. Your response seems to
> be that I left out one of the memory copies to userspace. I think that
> adds to my point, doesn't it?

Possibly, if those memory copies take a lot of time.

How are all of the other platforms that use Linux as this type of
device, or even a usb-storage device (of which there are lots) able to
hit the very fast transfer rates that I have seen so far without needing
to do this type of preallocation?

> > And yes, you can stream it if you want from userspace to the file if
> > that's faster, but odds are mmap() will work best here.
> Ok, but I don't want the data to hit userspace unless the file is read
> back. Does using mmap support this scenario?

Yes.

> > > 5) depending on the peripheral implementation, data may be buffered
> > > either in the peripheral (SD/MMC controller) or in the DMA engine
> > > itself.
> > 
> > Yes, you don't know what is backing that filesystem, that's the big
> > issue, just as you don't know what type of filesystem it is, from within
> > the kernel.
> Can't I pass this information into the driver using the ioctl call? If
> the filesystem is not fat and not removable, this driver should likely
> not be used, at least not for this purpose.

No, the driver never knows this type of information.  And for good
reason, you could have 4 different partitions on this block device, all
different filesystems.  The block driver should never care about the
filesystem underneath it.

thanks,

greg k-h

RE: EXPORT_SYMBOL(fat_get_block)

[Nelson Zhang]

Hi David, Greg,

What I have done so far is following:

1. Open a file 
2. Seek to the end of file

What I have not done is:

3. mmap the whole file. 

Without #3, the file is not allocated until I write to the file. I think we
can try to use mmap to allocate the file but we still need a function that
can get file block info once the file is allocated.

Thanks,
Nelson


-----Original Message-----
From: Greg KH [mailto:gregkh@suse.de] 
Sent: Saturday, August 14, 2010 11:04 AM
To: David Cross
Cc: hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp; linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org;
nxz@cypress.com
Subject: Re: EXPORT_SYMBOL(fat_get_block)

On Fri, Aug 13, 2010 at 06:12:43PM -0700, David Cross wrote:
> On Fri, 2010-08-13 at 17:25 -0700, Greg KH wrote:
> > On Fri, Aug 13, 2010 at 04:22:13PM -0700, David Cross wrote:
> > > On Fri, 2010-08-13 at 15:17 -0700, Greg KH wrote:
> > > > On Fri, Aug 13, 2010 at 01:32:15PM -0700, David Cross wrote:
> > > > > > 
> > > > > > What exactly are the performance issues with doing this from
userspace,
> > > > > > vs. the FAT hack?
> > > > > Usually it takes a lot longer. West Bridge can do MTP transfers at
the
> > > > > performance of the storage device.  Sending the file data through
the
> > > > > processor is typically much slower.
> > > > 
> > > > What is "slower" here?  Please, real numbers.
> > > Sure, here are some of the numbers I have:
> > > Cypress West Bridge   15
> > > Blackberry Storm 2    4.6
> > > Microsoft Zune        3.8
> > > Nokia N97             2.1
> > > SEMC W950	      1.1
> > > SEMC W995             0.85	
> > > Blackberry Storm      0.7
> > 
> > No, I mean numbers before and after with and without this "hack".
> I can provide these, but it will take me some time to implement. I
> will have to use the Zoom II platform to benchmark. Any issues with
> this approach before I get started?

It's ok, you don't have to do it right now, I'm just curious as to how
much speed difference you are seeing here.

As it will be a few weeks before I can even get this into the -next
tree, it's not of upmost importance at the moment.

> > > > > This is similar to the applications I have worked
> > > > > with. The driver is not attempting to replace either the protocol
stack
> > > > > or the use of gadgetfs. All that it is providing is a gadget
peripheral
> > > > > controller driver (that can be used with gadgetfs) along with the
> > > > > ability to perform pre-allocation and allow for direct transfer.
> > > > 
> > > > It's that "pre-allocation" that is the issue.
> > > Ack.
> > > 
> > > > > I re-checked this stack once again to make sure that it had not
> > > > > fundamentally changed and it seems not to have. What it uses is a
> > > > > storageserver abstraction to the file system. At the low level
this is
> > > > > still operating on files at the level of open(), read(), write(),
> > > > > close(). There is no alloc() in the list that I can see. So, I
agree
> > > > > that there is a working stack. As you can tell, the driver is not
> > > > > attempting to re-create or replace this working stack.  
> > > > 
> > > > To "preallocate" a file, just open it and then mmap it and write
away,
> > > > right?  Why can't userspace do that?
> > > To do this from userspace in entirety, the CPU needs access to the
data
> > > in memory so that it can pass a pointer to the fwrite call. 
> > 
> > That's a stream, not mmap.  What's wrong with mmap?  That should provide
> > what you are looking for here, right?
> Maybe, if this works we can close the discussion, so far it has not.
> We do use bmap once the file has been allocated, but does mmap really
> create an empty file on disk with the correct state saved and without
> content? 

Well, if you zero out everything on a mmapped file and then close it, it
should.  But you might just be creating a "sparse" file, so you need to
be careful about that as well.

What I mean to do about mmap is just that is the way your userspace
program can write to the file, not as a stream.  That is much faster and
causes less I/O to the device (well, it should.)  Does that make more
sense?

> Your question was: "What problem are you trying to solve?" My answer was
> "performance". I am not sure how to respond to "why can't you slow down
> the transfer?" or "who cares about performance?" without contrived user
> scenarios. Syncing your phone takes longer than it needs to. One of the
> purposes of this chip is that it provides one solution to the problem.
> The software submitted to the community is our attempt to solve this in
> a way that works nicely with Linux. I remain open to constructive
> suggestions, but this argument is sounding increasingly circular in
> nature.

Sorry, I don't mean this to come off that way at all, my appologies.

I'm just very curious as this is the first time something like this has
been proposed that I know of, so generally either the design is wrong,
or it is such a unique situation that no one has ever hit this before.

So far, I'm leaning toward the "design is a bit incorrect" :)

But again, let's take this one thing at a time.  Let's get the driver
into the tree, with that one ioctl commented out.  We can then work on
cleaning it all up and figuring out the logic of where it all goes in
the tree, and what it looks like in the end after the refactoring.
During that time, we will have plenty of time to discuss why the
previous attempts ended up with zeros in the file.

Sound good?

> > > > > If so, do you agree with Christoph's feedback concerning the
> > > > > implementation? Could I add hooks to other file systems and leave
them
> > > > > unpopulated?
> > > > 
> > > > ntfs is done by using a FUSE filesystem in userspace on a "raw"
block
> > > > device.  You can't put that type of support in the kernel here :)
> > > Fair, but to support the removable media model, I don't really need
to.
> > > What if I put a check in the code to verify that the media is
removable
> > > and vfat compatible before executing the fat_get_block call?
> > 
> > You can't rely on that flag, sorry, it doesn't work with real-world
> > devices.
> > 
> > And I have removable media right here, that shipped to me formatted as
> > NTFS, so that is a valid model today.
> Is it an SD Card? I have little interest in hooking my cell up to a USB
> powered hard drive at the moment. 

My cell phone hooks up to a USB powered hard drive at the moment :)
It can also drive a monitor through the usb connection, you would be
amazed what you can do with these things these days.

> > > > Look at how filesystems work from userspace, they achieve _very_
fast
> > > > speeds due to mmap and friends.  Heck, some people try to get the OS
out
> > > > of the way entirely by just using direct I/O, or taking to the raw
block
> > > > device.  Not by trying to allocate raw filesystem blocks from
userspace,
> > > > that way lies madness.
> > > Well, it is not really the filesystem that necessarily bottlenecks the
> > > performance. It is usually that in combination with the hardware data
> > > path that this usage implies. If you want to sync a phone without a
> > > sideloading accelerator, the data path taken is usually as follows:
> > > 
> > > 1) data received by USB peripheral, typically into fifos
> > > 2) cpu gets interrupted, sees that data is there
> > > 3) cpu sets up DMA transfer to SDRAM to cache data
> > > 4) At some point CPU initiates DMA transfer from SDRAM to removable
> > > media.
> > 
> > Wait, step 4 is a big jump.  Userspace should be reading that data, and
> > then writing it back out to a file it opened, not this "dma directly to
> > media" stuff.
> My statement was that the hardware and software is convoluted and the
> data path hits different memories multiple times. Your response seems to
> be that I left out one of the memory copies to userspace. I think that
> adds to my point, doesn't it?

Possibly, if those memory copies take a lot of time.

How are all of the other platforms that use Linux as this type of
device, or even a usb-storage device (of which there are lots) able to
hit the very fast transfer rates that I have seen so far without needing
to do this type of preallocation?

> > And yes, you can stream it if you want from userspace to the file if
> > that's faster, but odds are mmap() will work best here.
> Ok, but I don't want the data to hit userspace unless the file is read
> back. Does using mmap support this scenario?

Yes.

> > > 5) depending on the peripheral implementation, data may be buffered
> > > either in the peripheral (SD/MMC controller) or in the DMA engine
> > > itself.
> > 
> > Yes, you don't know what is backing that filesystem, that's the big
> > issue, just as you don't know what type of filesystem it is, from within
> > the kernel.
> Can't I pass this information into the driver using the ioctl call? If
> the filesystem is not fat and not removable, this driver should likely
> not be used, at least not for this purpose.

No, the driver never knows this type of information.  And for good
reason, you could have 4 different partitions on this block device, all
different filesystems.  The block driver should never care about the
filesystem underneath it.

thanks,

greg k-h


---------------------------------------------------------------
This message and any attachments may contain Cypress (or its
subsidiaries) confidential information. If it has been received
in error, please advise the sender and immediately delete this
message.
---------------------------------------------------------------

Re: EXPORT_SYMBOL(fat_get_block)

[Greg KH]

On Mon, Aug 16, 2010 at 06:57:54AM +0800, Nelson Zhang wrote:
> Hi David, Greg,
> 
> What I have done so far is following:
> 
> 1. Open a file 
> 2. Seek to the end of file

That just created a "sparse file"

> What I have not done is:
> 
> 3. mmap the whole file. 
> 
> Without #3, the file is not allocated until I write to the file.

That is by design.

> I think we can try to use mmap to allocate the file but we still need
> a function that can get file block info once the file is allocated.

No, why would you want the file block info?

Just treat it as a file, using mmap() and all the other userspace
goodness that we have to get data to a file very quickly.  You don't
need to preallocate the file from userspace, or anything else like that.

I suggest looking at some documentation on how to use the Unix file apis
properly to implement this better.

thanks,

greg k-h

Re: EXPORT_SYMBOL(fat_get_block)

[Christoph Hellwig]

On Tue, Aug 17, 2010 at 07:54:03AM -0700, Greg KH wrote:
> On Mon, Aug 16, 2010 at 06:57:54AM +0800, Nelson Zhang wrote:
> > Hi David, Greg,
> > 
> > What I have done so far is following:
> > 
> > 1. Open a file 
> > 2. Seek to the end of file
> 
> That just created a "sparse file"

Not on FAT which doesn't support sparse files.

Re: EXPORT_SYMBOL(fat_get_block)

[Greg KH]

On Tue, Aug 17, 2010 at 11:40:38AM -0400, Christoph Hellwig wrote:
> On Tue, Aug 17, 2010 at 07:54:03AM -0700, Greg KH wrote:
> > On Mon, Aug 16, 2010 at 06:57:54AM +0800, Nelson Zhang wrote:
> > > Hi David, Greg,
> > > 
> > > What I have done so far is following:
> > > 
> > > 1. Open a file 
> > > 2. Seek to the end of file
> > 
> > That just created a "sparse file"
> 
> Not on FAT which doesn't support sparse files.

Ah, didn't realize that fat didn't support that, thanks.

Re: EXPORT_SYMBOL(fat_get_block)

[Greg KH]

On Fri, Aug 13, 2010 at 10:45:39AM -0700, David Cross wrote:
> Hello Hirofumi,
> I would like to export this symbol from the vfat code and add this patch
> to the Linux kernel. You are listed as the MAINTAINER for FAT and VFAT.
> As such, I need your approval to do it. 
> The reason that I need to export this symbol is to allow for file based
> DMA in which the file needs to be pre-allocated. The pre-allocated block
> addresses are passed to a DMA engine which then directly transfers the
> data to non-volatile storage.

Also, why do this at the FAT level, and not more correctly at the block
layer level?  What happens if this isn't a FAT partition on the device?

thanks,

greg k-h