[PATCH 0/2] Update man pages for prctl and kcmp syscall

[PATCH 0/2] Update man pages for prctl and kcmp syscall

[Cyrill Gorcunov]

Hi,

here is a first draft to describe prctl extension and new
kcmp syscall. So I woule _really_ appreciate any feedback.

Cyrill

[PATCH 1/2] prctl: Add PR_SET_MM option description

[Cyrill Gorcunov]

Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
CC: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
CC: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
---
 man2/prctl.2 |  104 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 files changed, 104 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)

diff --git a/man2/prctl.2 b/man2/prctl.2
index effad2a..4d6244f 100644
--- a/man2/prctl.2
+++ b/man2/prctl.2
@@ -378,6 +378,110 @@ Return the current per-process machine check kill policy.
 All unused
 .BR prctl ()
 arguments must be zero.
+.TP
+.BR PR_SET_MM " (since Linux 3.3)"
+Allows a user to modify certain kernel memory map descriptor fields
+of the calling process.
+Usually these fields are set by the kernel and dynamic loader (see
+.BR ld.so (8)
+for more information) and a regular application should not use this feature.
+Still there are cases such as self-modifying programs, where a program might
+find it useful to change its own memory map.
+The kernel must be built with
+.BR CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
+option turned on, otherwise this feature will not be accessible
+from a user space level.
+The calling process must have
+.BR CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+(see
+.BR capabilities (7)
+for details) capability granted.
+The value in
+.I arg2
+is one of the options below, while
+.I arg3
+provides a new value for this option.
+
+.BR PR_SET_MM_START_CODE
+to set the address above which program text can run.
+The corresponding memory area must be readable and executable,
+but not writable or shareable (see
+.BR mprotect (2)
+and
+.BR mmap (2)
+for more information).
+
+.BR PR_SET_MM_END_CODE
+to set the address below which program text can run.
+The corresponding memory area must be readable and executable,
+but not writable or shareable.
+
+.BR PR_SET_MM_START_DATA
+to set the address above which program data+bss is placed.
+The corresponding memory area must be readable and writable,
+but not executable or shareable.
+
+.B PR_SET_MM_END_DATA
+to set the address below which program data+bss is placed.
+The corresponding memory area must be readable and writable,
+but not executable or shareable.
+
+.BR PR_SET_MM_START_STACK
+to set the start address of the stack.
+The corresponding memory area must be readable and writable.
+
+.BR PR_SET_MM_START_BRK
+to set the address above which program heap can be expanded with
+.BR brk (2)
+call.
+The address must not be greater than ending address of
+the current program data segment, neither it may exceed
+resource limit for data (see
+.BR setrlimit (2)
+for more information).
+
+.BR PR_SET_MM_BRK
+to set the current
+.BR brk (2)
+value.
+The requirements for address are the same as for
+.BR PR_SET_MM_START_BRK
+option.
+
+.BR PR_SET_MM_ARG_START
+to set the address above which program command line is placed.
+
+.BR PR_SET_MM_ARG_END
+to set the address below which program command line is placed.
+
+.BR PR_SET_MM_ENV_START
+to set the address above which program environment is placed.
+
+.BR PR_SET_MM_ENV_END
+to set the address below which program environment is placed.
+
+The address passed with
+.BR PR_SET_MM_ARG_START ,
+.BR PR_SET_MM_ARG_END ,
+.BR PR_SET_MM_ENV_START ,
+.BR PR_SET_MM_ENV_END ,
+should belong to a process stack area, thus corresponding memory area
+must be readable, writable and (depending on the kernel
+configuration) has
+.BR MAP_GROWSDOWN
+attribute set (see
+.BR mmap (2)
+for details).
+
+.BR PR_SET_MM_AUXV
+to set a new auxiliary vector.
+The
+.I arg3
+argument should provide the address of the vector.
+The
+.I arg4
+is the size of the vector.
+.\"
 .SH "RETURN VALUE"
 On success,
 .BR PR_GET_DUMPABLE ,
-- 
1.7.7.6

Re: [PATCH 1/2] prctl: Add PR_SET_MM option description

[Michael Kerrisk (man-pages)]

Hi Cyrill,

Just a couple of comments for the moment.

On Thu, Mar 1, 2012 at 1:23 AM, Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> wrote:
> Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
> CC: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
> CC: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
> ---
>  man2/prctl.2 |  104 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  1 files changed, 104 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/man2/prctl.2 b/man2/prctl.2
> index effad2a..4d6244f 100644
> --- a/man2/prctl.2
> +++ b/man2/prctl.2
> @@ -378,6 +378,110 @@ Return the current per-process machine check kill policy.
>  All unused
>  .BR prctl ()
>  arguments must be zero.
> +.TP
> +.BR PR_SET_MM " (since Linux 3.3)"
> +Allows a user to modify certain kernel memory map descriptor fields
> +of the calling process.
> +Usually these fields are set by the kernel and dynamic loader (see
> +.BR ld.so (8)
> +for more information) and a regular application should not use this feature.
> +Still there are cases such as self-modifying programs, where a program might
> +find it useful to change its own memory map.

By the way, do you have a *simple* program that demonstrates some
usage of R_SET_MM?

> +The kernel must be built with
> +.BR CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
> +option turned on, otherwise this feature will not be accessible
> +from a user space level.
> +The calling process must have
> +.BR CAP_SYS_ADMIN
> +(see
> +.BR capabilities (7)
> +for details) capability granted.

As we discussed earlier (offlist), there are probably better choices
than the hugely overloaded CAP_SYS_ADMIN (see
http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/capabilities.7.html). And if the
capability governing PR_SET_MM is to change, then it would be good to
do so before 3.3 is released. What are the plans on this point?

Cheers,

Michael


> +The value in
> +.I arg2
> +is one of the options below, while
> +.I arg3
> +provides a new value for this option.
> +
> +.BR PR_SET_MM_START_CODE
> +to set the address above which program text can run.
> +The corresponding memory area must be readable and executable,
> +but not writable or shareable (see
> +.BR mprotect (2)
> +and
> +.BR mmap (2)
> +for more information).
> +
> +.BR PR_SET_MM_END_CODE
> +to set the address below which program text can run.
> +The corresponding memory area must be readable and executable,
> +but not writable or shareable.
> +
> +.BR PR_SET_MM_START_DATA
> +to set the address above which program data+bss is placed.
> +The corresponding memory area must be readable and writable,
> +but not executable or shareable.
> +
> +.B PR_SET_MM_END_DATA
> +to set the address below which program data+bss is placed.
> +The corresponding memory area must be readable and writable,
> +but not executable or shareable.
> +
> +.BR PR_SET_MM_START_STACK
> +to set the start address of the stack.
> +The corresponding memory area must be readable and writable.
> +
> +.BR PR_SET_MM_START_BRK
> +to set the address above which program heap can be expanded with
> +.BR brk (2)
> +call.
> +The address must not be greater than ending address of
> +the current program data segment, neither it may exceed
> +resource limit for data (see
> +.BR setrlimit (2)
> +for more information).
> +
> +.BR PR_SET_MM_BRK
> +to set the current
> +.BR brk (2)
> +value.
> +The requirements for address are the same as for
> +.BR PR_SET_MM_START_BRK
> +option.
> +
> +.BR PR_SET_MM_ARG_START
> +to set the address above which program command line is placed.
> +
> +.BR PR_SET_MM_ARG_END
> +to set the address below which program command line is placed.
> +
> +.BR PR_SET_MM_ENV_START
> +to set the address above which program environment is placed.
> +
> +.BR PR_SET_MM_ENV_END
> +to set the address below which program environment is placed.
> +
> +The address passed with
> +.BR PR_SET_MM_ARG_START ,
> +.BR PR_SET_MM_ARG_END ,
> +.BR PR_SET_MM_ENV_START ,
> +.BR PR_SET_MM_ENV_END ,
> +should belong to a process stack area, thus corresponding memory area
> +must be readable, writable and (depending on the kernel
> +configuration) has
> +.BR MAP_GROWSDOWN
> +attribute set (see
> +.BR mmap (2)
> +for details).
> +
> +.BR PR_SET_MM_AUXV
> +to set a new auxiliary vector.
> +The
> +.I arg3
> +argument should provide the address of the vector.
> +The
> +.I arg4
> +is the size of the vector.
> +.\"
>  .SH "RETURN VALUE"
>  On success,
>  .BR PR_GET_DUMPABLE ,
> --
> 1.7.7.6
>



-- 
Michael Kerrisk
Linux man-pages maintainer; http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/
Author of "The Linux Programming Interface"; http://man7.org/tlpi/

Re: [PATCH 1/2] prctl: Add PR_SET_MM option description

[Cyrill Gorcunov]

On Wed, Mar 07, 2012 at 07:00:14AM +1300, Michael Kerrisk (man-pages) wrote:
> Hi Cyrill,
> 
> Just a couple of comments for the moment.
> 
> On Thu, Mar 1, 2012 at 1:23 AM, Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> wrote:
> > Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
> > CC: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
> > CC: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
> > ---
> >  man2/prctl.2 |  104 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> >  1 files changed, 104 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
> >
> > diff --git a/man2/prctl.2 b/man2/prctl.2
> > index effad2a..4d6244f 100644
> > --- a/man2/prctl.2
> > +++ b/man2/prctl.2
> > @@ -378,6 +378,110 @@ Return the current per-process machine check kill policy.
> >  All unused
> >  .BR prctl ()
> >  arguments must be zero.
> > +.TP
> > +.BR PR_SET_MM " (since Linux 3.3)"
> > +Allows a user to modify certain kernel memory map descriptor fields
> > +of the calling process.
> > +Usually these fields are set by the kernel and dynamic loader (see
> > +.BR ld.so (8)
> > +for more information) and a regular application should not use this feature.
> > +Still there are cases such as self-modifying programs, where a program might
> > +find it useful to change its own memory map.
> 
> By the way, do you have a *simple* program that demonstrates some
> usage of R_SET_MM?

Hi Michael,

well, at moment we've only crtools itself which uses this facility,
so if we need complete standalone example I need to think about it.

> 
> > +The kernel must be built with
> > +.BR CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
> > +option turned on, otherwise this feature will not be accessible
> > +from a user space level.
> > +The calling process must have
> > +.BR CAP_SYS_ADMIN
> > +(see
> > +.BR capabilities (7)
> > +for details) capability granted.
> 
> As we discussed earlier (offlist), there are probably better choices
> than the hugely overloaded CAP_SYS_ADMIN (see
> http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/capabilities.7.html). And if the
> capability governing PR_SET_MM is to change, then it would be good to
> do so before 3.3 is released. What are the plans on this point?
> 

Yeah, I thought about changing it to CAP_SYS_RESOURCE here.
And I'll post a patch. The problem at moment that there another
two snippets needed for prctl -- ability to set new /proc/pid/exe
symlink and to obtaine clear-tid-address. So there is a discussion
now about symlink change. Once we finish with it -- i'll post
update for capability.

If you prefer to have it done earlier -- no problem, I'll cook
a patch today instead on top of everything we've already
merged into linux-next. What would you prefer?


	Cyrill

Re: [PATCH 1/2] prctl: Add PR_SET_MM option description

[Michael Kerrisk (man-pages)]

On Wed, Mar 7, 2012 at 7:22 AM, Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> wrote:
> On Wed, Mar 07, 2012 at 07:00:14AM +1300, Michael Kerrisk (man-pages) wrote:
>> Hi Cyrill,
>>
>> Just a couple of comments for the moment.
>>
>> On Thu, Mar 1, 2012 at 1:23 AM, Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> wrote:
>> > Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
>> > CC: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
>> > CC: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
>> > ---
>> >  man2/prctl.2 |  104 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>> >  1 files changed, 104 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
>> >
>> > diff --git a/man2/prctl.2 b/man2/prctl.2
>> > index effad2a..4d6244f 100644
>> > --- a/man2/prctl.2
>> > +++ b/man2/prctl.2
>> > @@ -378,6 +378,110 @@ Return the current per-process machine check kill policy.
>> >  All unused
>> >  .BR prctl ()
>> >  arguments must be zero.
>> > +.TP
>> > +.BR PR_SET_MM " (since Linux 3.3)"
>> > +Allows a user to modify certain kernel memory map descriptor fields
>> > +of the calling process.
>> > +Usually these fields are set by the kernel and dynamic loader (see
>> > +.BR ld.so (8)
>> > +for more information) and a regular application should not use this feature.
>> > +Still there are cases such as self-modifying programs, where a program might
>> > +find it useful to change its own memory map.
>>
>> By the way, do you have a *simple* program that demonstrates some
>> usage of R_SET_MM?
>
> Hi Michael,
>
> well, at moment we've only crtools itself which uses this facility,
> so if we need complete standalone example I need to think about it.
>
>>
>> > +The kernel must be built with
>> > +.BR CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
>> > +option turned on, otherwise this feature will not be accessible
>> > +from a user space level.
>> > +The calling process must have
>> > +.BR CAP_SYS_ADMIN
>> > +(see
>> > +.BR capabilities (7)
>> > +for details) capability granted.
>>
>> As we discussed earlier (offlist), there are probably better choices
>> than the hugely overloaded CAP_SYS_ADMIN (see
>> http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/capabilities.7.html). And if the
>> capability governing PR_SET_MM is to change, then it would be good to
>> do so before 3.3 is released. What are the plans on this point?
>>
>
> Yeah, I thought about changing it to CAP_SYS_RESOURCE here.
> And I'll post a patch. The problem at moment that there another
> two snippets needed for prctl -- ability to set new /proc/pid/exe
> symlink and to obtaine clear-tid-address. So there is a discussion
> now about symlink change. Once we finish with it -- i'll post
> update for capability.
>
> If you prefer to have it done earlier -- no problem, I'll cook
> a patch today instead on top of everything we've already
> merged into linux-next. What would you prefer?

It would make sense if the capability requirements were finalized
before 3.3 is released. Changing them after 3.3 creates (at least a
little) pain for userspace.

Thanks,

Michael


-- 
Michael Kerrisk
Linux man-pages maintainer; http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/
Author of "The Linux Programming Interface"; http://man7.org/tlpi/

Re: [PATCH 1/2] prctl: Add PR_SET_MM option description

[Cyrill Gorcunov]

On Wed, Mar 07, 2012 at 08:52:30AM +1300, Michael Kerrisk (man-pages) wrote:
...
> >
> > If you prefer to have it done earlier -- no problem, I'll cook
> > a patch today instead on top of everything we've already
> > merged into linux-next. What would you prefer?
> 
> It would make sense if the capability requirements were finalized
> before 3.3 is released. Changing them after 3.3 creates (at least a
> little) pain for userspace.
> 

OK. I'll update and send a patch out.

	Cyrill

Re: [PATCH 1/2] prctl: Add PR_SET_MM option description

[Michael Kerrisk (man-pages)]

On Wed, Mar 7, 2012 at 9:01 AM, Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> wrote:
> On Wed, Mar 07, 2012 at 08:52:30AM +1300, Michael Kerrisk (man-pages) wrote:
> ...
>> >
>> > If you prefer to have it done earlier -- no problem, I'll cook
>> > a patch today instead on top of everything we've already
>> > merged into linux-next. What would you prefer?
>>
>> It would make sense if the capability requirements were finalized
>> before 3.3 is released. Changing them after 3.3 creates (at least a
>> little) pain for userspace.
>>
>
> OK. I'll update and send a patch out.

Take a look at http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/capabilities.7.html

The two most obvious alternatives are CAP_SYS_RESOURCE and
CAP_SYS_NICE. Maybe CAP_SYS_NICE is better? I say this because of the
(slight) similarity to existing operations in the CAP_SYS_NICE list.

Cheers,

Michael


-- 
Michael Kerrisk
Linux man-pages maintainer; http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/
Author of "The Linux Programming Interface"; http://man7.org/tlpi/

Re: [PATCH 1/2] prctl: Add PR_SET_MM option description

[Cyrill Gorcunov]

On Wed, Mar 07, 2012 at 09:07:38AM +1300, Michael Kerrisk (man-pages) wrote:
> >>
> >> It would make sense if the capability requirements were finalized
> >> before 3.3 is released. Changing them after 3.3 creates (at least a
> >> little) pain for userspace.
> >>
> >
> > OK. I'll update and send a patch out.
> 
> Take a look at http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/capabilities.7.html
> 
> The two most obvious alternatives are CAP_SYS_RESOURCE and
> CAP_SYS_NICE. Maybe CAP_SYS_NICE is better? I say this because of the
> (slight) similarity to existing operations in the CAP_SYS_NICE list.
> 

Well, dunno Michael, CAP_SYS_RESOURCE looks a bit metter for me since
the process is modifying own 'resources' (in term of what it owns).
Maybe Andrew or Tejun have something to say?

	Cyrill

Re: [PATCH 1/2] prctl: Add PR_SET_MM option description

[Michael Kerrisk (man-pages)]

Cyrill,

While reviewing your patch to the prctl() manual page, I noticed the
following code inkernel/sys.c::prctl_set_mm():

        if (opt != PR_SET_MM_START_BRK && opt != PR_SET_MM_BRK) {
                /* It must be existing VMA */
                if (!vma || vma->vm_start > addr)
                        goto out;
        }

At this point, the code causes an exit with error set to zero (i.e.,
success). This looks unintended to me. Is the code correct? I suspect
a return of -EFAULT or -ENOMEM is warranted.

Cheers,

Michael
-- 
Michael Kerrisk
Linux man-pages maintainer; http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/
Author of "The Linux Programming Interface"; http://man7.org/tlpi/

Re: [PATCH 1/2] prctl: Add PR_SET_MM option description

[Cyrill Gorcunov]

On Sun, Apr 15, 2012 at 03:48:18PM +1200, Michael Kerrisk (man-pages) wrote:
> Cyrill,
> 
> While reviewing your patch to the prctl() manual page, I noticed the
> following code inkernel/sys.c::prctl_set_mm():
> 
>         if (opt != PR_SET_MM_START_BRK && opt != PR_SET_MM_BRK) {
>                 /* It must be existing VMA */
>                 if (!vma || vma->vm_start > addr)
>                         goto out;
>         }
> 
> At this point, the code causes an exit with error set to zero (i.e.,
> success). This looks unintended to me. Is the code correct? I suspect
> a return of -EFAULT or -ENOMEM is warranted.

Hi Michael, yup, -EINVAL escaped (I think EFAULT or ENOMEM is not really
good here). I'll fix and send update. Thanks!

	Cyrill

Re: [PATCH 1/2] prctl: Add PR_SET_MM option description

[Michael Kerrisk (man-pages)]

On Sun, Apr 15, 2012 at 6:54 PM, Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> wrote:
> On Sun, Apr 15, 2012 at 03:48:18PM +1200, Michael Kerrisk (man-pages) wrote:
>> Cyrill,
>>
>> While reviewing your patch to the prctl() manual page, I noticed the
>> following code inkernel/sys.c::prctl_set_mm():
>>
>>         if (opt != PR_SET_MM_START_BRK && opt != PR_SET_MM_BRK) {
>>                 /* It must be existing VMA */
>>                 if (!vma || vma->vm_start > addr)
>>                         goto out;
>>         }
>>
>> At this point, the code causes an exit with error set to zero (i.e.,
>> success). This looks unintended to me. Is the code correct? I suspect
>> a return of -EFAULT or -ENOMEM is warranted.
>
> Hi Michael, yup, -EINVAL escaped (I think EFAULT or ENOMEM is not really
> good here). I'll fix and send update. Thanks!

For what it's worth (I am no expert), it looks to me as though EFAULT
or ENOMEM is more usual after a failed find_vma(). Furthermore, EINVAL
is already heavily used, so not very informative as an error.

Cheers,

Michael


-- 
Michael Kerrisk
Linux man-pages maintainer; http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/
Author of "The Linux Programming Interface"; http://man7.org/tlpi/

Re: [PATCH 1/2] prctl: Add PR_SET_MM option description

[Cyrill Gorcunov]

On Sun, Apr 15, 2012 at 10:13:51PM +1200, Michael Kerrisk (man-pages) wrote:
> On Sun, Apr 15, 2012 at 6:54 PM, Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> wrote:
> > On Sun, Apr 15, 2012 at 03:48:18PM +1200, Michael Kerrisk (man-pages) wrote:
> >> Cyrill,
> >>
> >> While reviewing your patch to the prctl() manual page, I noticed the
> >> following code inkernel/sys.c::prctl_set_mm():
> >>
> >>         if (opt != PR_SET_MM_START_BRK && opt != PR_SET_MM_BRK) {
> >>                 /* It must be existing VMA */
> >>                 if (!vma || vma->vm_start > addr)
> >>                         goto out;
> >>         }
> >>
> >> At this point, the code causes an exit with error set to zero (i.e.,
> >> success). This looks unintended to me. Is the code correct? I suspect
> >> a return of -EFAULT or -ENOMEM is warranted.
> >
> > Hi Michael, yup, -EINVAL escaped (I think EFAULT or ENOMEM is not really
> > good here). I'll fix and send update. Thanks!
> 
> For what it's worth (I am no expert), it looks to me as though EFAULT
> or ENOMEM is more usual after a failed find_vma(). Furthermore, EINVAL
> is already heavily used, so not very informative as an error.

Would not ENOMEM be decoded by glibc as "no-memory" usually associated
with lack of free memory?

You know, I'm starting to think this checks for existing vmas might be
redundant completely. I tried to make this prctl codes to look somehow
close to elf loading procedure, where start|end_code/data do correspond
vmas loaded by kernel while parsing pt-load sections, but now I think
this is not needed, because start|end_code/data is not changed after
file is loaded but when we do checkpoint (and then restore) the program
map might be seriously changed (the program may unmap original areas,alocate
new vmas, put there code/data or whatever) thus there might be no correspond
vma at all when we setup this addresses for memory map (if only I'm not
missing something). So I guess I could drop this "existing vmas"
requirements. Need to think more :)

	Cyrill

[PATCH 2/2] Add kcmp.2 manpage

[Cyrill Gorcunov]

NAME
       kcmp - compare if two processes do share a particular kernel resource


SYNOPSIS
       #define  GNU SOURCE         /* See feature test macros(7) */
       #include <unistd.h>
       #include <linux/kcmp.h>
       #include <sys/syscall.h>   /* For SYS xxx definitions */

       int syscall(  NR kcmp, pid1, pid2, type, idx1, idx2);


DESCRIPTION
       kcmp() allows to find out if two processes identified by pid1
       and pid2 do share kernel resources such as virtual memory, file

       The comparison type is one of the following

       KCMP FILE to compare two file descriptors specified by idx1 and idx2

       KCMP VM to compare whether processes do share virtual memory

       KCMP FILES to compare whether processes do share share the file descriptor table

       KCMP FS to compare whether processes do share the file system information

       KCMP SIGHAND to compare whether processes do share a signal handlers table

       KCMP IO to compare whether processes do share I/O context

       KCMP SYSVSEM to compare whether processes do share a single list of System V
       semaphore undo values


RETURN VALUE
       kcmp was designed to return values suitable for sorting.  This is particularly
       handy when one have to compare a large number

       The return value is merely a result of simple arithmetic comparison of kernel
       pointers (when kernel compares resources, it us

       The  easiest way to explain is to consider an example.  Lets say v1 and v2
       are the addresses of appropriate resources, then the return value is one
       of the following

       0 - v1 is equal to v2 , in other words we have a shared resource here

       1 - v1 is greater than v2

       2 - v1 is less than v2

       3 - v1 is not equal to v2 , but ordering information is unavailble.

       On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately.


CONFORMING TO
       kcmp() is Linux specific and should not be used in programs intended to
       be portable.

SEE ALSO
       clone(2)

Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
CC: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
CC: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
CC: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
---
 man2/kcmp.2 |  105 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 files changed, 105 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 man2/kcmp.2

diff --git a/man2/kcmp.2 b/man2/kcmp.2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de07367
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man2/kcmp.2
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+.TH KCMP 2 2012-02-01 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
+
+.SH NAME
+kcmp \- compare if two processes do share a particular kernel resource
+
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.nf
+.BR "#define _GNU_SOURCE" "         /* See feature_test_macros(7) */"
+.B #include <unistd.h>
+.B #include <linux/kcmp.h>
+.BR "#include <sys/syscall.h>   "  "/* For SYS_xxx definitions */"
+
+.BI "int syscall(__NR_kcmp, pid1, pid2, type, idx1, idx2);"
+.fi
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+
+.BR kcmp ()
+allows to find out if two processes identified by
+.I pid1
+and
+.I pid2
+do share kernel resources such as virtual memory, file descriptors,
+file system etc.
+
+The comparison
+.I type
+is one of the following
+
+.BR KCMP_FILE
+to compare two file descriptors specified by
+.I idx1
+and
+.I idx2
+
+.BR KCMP_VM
+to compare whether processes do share virtual memory
+
+.BR KCMP_FILES
+to compare whether processes do share share the file descriptor table
+
+.BR KCMP_FS
+to compare whether processes do share the file system information
+
+.BR KCMP_SIGHAND
+to compare whether processes do share a signal handlers table
+
+.BR KCMP_IO
+to compare whether processes do share I/O context
+
+.BR KCMP_SYSVSEM
+to compare whether processes do share a single list of
+System V semaphore undo values
+
+.SH "RETURN VALUE"
+.B kcmp
+was designed to return values suitable for sorting.
+This is particularly handy when one have to compare
+a large number of file descriptors.
+
+The return value is merely a result of simple arithmetic comparison
+of kernel pointers (when kernel compares resources, it uses their
+memory addresses).
+
+The easiest way to explain is to consider an example.
+Lets say
+.I v1
+and
+.I v2
+are the addresses of appropriate resources, then the return value
+is one of the following
+
+.B 0
+\-
+.I v1
+is equal to
+.I v2
+, in other words we have a shared resource here
+
+.B 1
+\-
+.I v1
+is greater than
+.I v2
+
+.B 2
+\-
+.I v1
+is less than
+.I v2
+
+.B 3
+\-
+.I v1
+is not equal to
+.I v2
+, but ordering information is unavailble.
+
+On error, \-1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately.
+
+.SH "CONFORMING TO"
+.BR kcmp ()
+is Linux specific and should not be used in programs intended to be portable.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR clone (2)
-- 
1.7.7.6

Re: [PATCH 2/2] Add kcmp.2 manpage

[Cyrill Gorcunov]

On Wed, Feb 29, 2012 at 04:23:17PM +0400, Cyrill Gorcunov wrote:
> 
>        The  easiest way to explain is to consider an example.  Lets say v1 and v2
>        are the addresses of appropriate resources, then the return value is one
>        of the following
> 
>        0 - v1 is equal to v2 , in other words we have a shared resource here
> 
>        1 - v1 is greater than v2
> 
>        2 - v1 is less than v2

1 and 2 should be swapped here, I'll update (this nit grow from text tossing,
so don't pay attention on it).

	Cyrill

Re: [PATCH 2/2] Add kcmp.2 manpage

[Cyrill Gorcunov]

On Wed, Feb 29, 2012 at 04:34:08PM +0400, Cyrill Gorcunov wrote:
> 1 and 2 should be swapped here, I'll update (this nit grow from text tossing,
> so don't pay attention on it).
> 

Updated version below.

	Cyrill
---
From: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Date: Wed, 29 Feb 2012 16:40:13 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Add kcmp.2 manpage

NAME
       kcmp - compare if two processes do share a particular kernel resource


SYNOPSIS
       #define  GNU SOURCE         /* See feature test macros(7) */
       #include <unistd.h>
       #include <linux/kcmp.h>
       #include <sys/syscall.h>   /* For SYS xxx definitions */

       int syscall(  NR kcmp, pid1, pid2, type, idx1, idx2);


DESCRIPTION
       kcmp() allows to find out if two processes identified by pid1
       and pid2 do share kernel resources such as virtual memory, file

       The comparison type is one of the following

       KCMP FILE to compare two file descriptors specified by idx1 and idx2

       KCMP VM to compare whether processes do share virtual memory

       KCMP FILES to compare whether processes do share share the file descriptor table

       KCMP FS to compare whether processes do share the file system information

       KCMP SIGHAND to compare whether processes do share a signal handlers table

       KCMP IO to compare whether processes do share I/O context

       KCMP SYSVSEM to compare whether processes do share a single list of System V
       semaphore undo values


RETURN VALUE
       kcmp was designed to return values suitable for sorting.  This is particularly
       handy when one have to compare a large number

       The return value is merely a result of simple arithmetic comparison of kernel
       pointers (when kernel compares resources, it us

       The  easiest way to explain is to consider an example.  Lets say v1 and v2
       are the addresses of appropriate resources, then the return value is one
       of the following

       0 - v1 is equal to v2 , in other words we have a shared resource here

       1 - v1 is less than v2

       2 - v1 is greater than v2

       3 - v1 is not equal to v2 , but ordering information is unavailble.

       On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately.


CONFORMING TO
       kcmp() is Linux specific and should not be used in programs intended to
       be portable.

SEE ALSO
       clone(2)

Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
CC: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
CC: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
CC: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
---
 man2/kcmp.2 |  105 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 files changed, 105 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 man2/kcmp.2

diff --git a/man2/kcmp.2 b/man2/kcmp.2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de68109
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man2/kcmp.2
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+.TH KCMP 2 2012-02-01 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
+
+.SH NAME
+kcmp \- compare if two processes do share a particular kernel resource
+
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.nf
+.BR "#define _GNU_SOURCE" "         /* See feature_test_macros(7) */"
+.B #include <unistd.h>
+.B #include <linux/kcmp.h>
+.BR "#include <sys/syscall.h>   "  "/* For SYS_xxx definitions */"
+
+.BI "int syscall(__NR_kcmp, pid1, pid2, type, idx1, idx2);"
+.fi
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+
+.BR kcmp ()
+allows to find out if two processes identified by
+.I pid1
+and
+.I pid2
+do share kernel resources such as virtual memory, file descriptors,
+file system etc.
+
+The comparison
+.I type
+is one of the following
+
+.BR KCMP_FILE
+to compare two file descriptors specified by
+.I idx1
+and
+.I idx2
+
+.BR KCMP_VM
+to compare whether processes do share virtual memory
+
+.BR KCMP_FILES
+to compare whether processes do share share the file descriptor table
+
+.BR KCMP_FS
+to compare whether processes do share the file system information
+
+.BR KCMP_SIGHAND
+to compare whether processes do share a signal handlers table
+
+.BR KCMP_IO
+to compare whether processes do share I/O context
+
+.BR KCMP_SYSVSEM
+to compare whether processes do share a single list of
+System V semaphore undo values
+
+.SH "RETURN VALUE"
+.B kcmp
+was designed to return values suitable for sorting.
+This is particularly handy when one have to compare
+a large number of file descriptors.
+
+The return value is merely a result of simple arithmetic comparison
+of kernel pointers (when kernel compares resources, it uses their
+memory addresses).
+
+The easiest way to explain is to consider an example.
+Lets say
+.I v1
+and
+.I v2
+are the addresses of appropriate resources, then the return value
+is one of the following
+
+.B 0
+\-
+.I v1
+is equal to
+.I v2
+, in other words we have a shared resource here
+
+.B 1
+\-
+.I v1
+is less than
+.I v2
+
+.B 2
+\-
+.I v1
+is greater than
+.I v2
+
+.B 3
+\-
+.I v1
+is not equal to
+.I v2
+, but ordering information is unavailble.
+
+On error, \-1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately.
+
+.SH "CONFORMING TO"
+.BR kcmp ()
+is Linux specific and should not be used in programs intended to be portable.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR clone (2)
-- 
1.7.7.6

[PATCH 0/2] prctl.2 and kcmp.2 updated

[Cyrill Gorcunov]

Hi Michael,

here is a slightly updated version of patches for prctl (PR_SET_MM)
and kcmp syscall. Please review.

[PATCH 2/2] Add kcmp.2 manpage

[Cyrill Gorcunov]

NAME
       kcmp - compare if two processes do share a particular kernel resource

SYNOPSIS
       #define _GNU_SOURCE         /* See feature_test_macros(7) */
       #include <unistd.h>
       #include <linux/kcmp.h>
       #include <sys/syscall.h>   /* For SYS_xxx definitions */

       int syscall(__NR_kcmp, pid1, pid2, type, idx1, idx2);

DESCRIPTION
       kcmp() allows to find out if two processes identified by pid1 and pid2
       share kernel resources such as virtual memory, file descriptors, file system etc.

       The comparison type is one of the following

       KCMP_FILE determines whether a file descriptor idx1 in the first process
       is the same as another descriptor idx2 in the second process

       KCMP_VM compares whether processes share address space

       KCMP_FILES compares the file descriptor arrays to see whether the processes
       share all files

       KCMP_FS compares whether processes share the file system information (the current
       umask, working directory, namespace root, etc)

       KCMP_SIGHAND compares whether processes share a signal handlers table

       KCMP_IO compares whether processes do share I/O context, used mainly for
       block I/O scheduling

       KCMP_SYSVSEM compares the list of undo operations associated with SYSV semaphores

RETURN VALUE
       kcmp was designed to return values suitable for sorting.  This is particularly handy
       when one have to compare a large number of file descriptors.

       The return value is merely a result of simple arithmetic comparison of kernel pointers
       (when kernel compares resources, it uses their memory addresses).

       The  easiest way to explain is to consider an example.  Lets say v1 and v2 are the
       addresses of appropriate resources, then the return value is one of the following

       0 - v1 is equal to v2 , in other words we have a shared resource here
       1 - v1 is less than v2
       2 - v1 is greater than v2
       3 - v1 is not equal to but ordering information is unavailble.

       On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately.

Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
CC: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
CC: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
CC: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
---
 man2/kcmp.2 |  107 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 files changed, 107 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 man2/kcmp.2

diff --git a/man2/kcmp.2 b/man2/kcmp.2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73b89cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man2/kcmp.2
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+.TH KCMP 2 2012-02-01 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
+
+.SH NAME
+kcmp \- compare if two processes do share a particular kernel resource
+
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.nf
+.BR "#define _GNU_SOURCE" "         /* See feature_test_macros(7) */"
+.B #include <unistd.h>
+.B #include <linux/kcmp.h>
+.BR "#include <sys/syscall.h>   "  "/* For SYS_xxx definitions */"
+
+.BI "int syscall(__NR_kcmp, pid1, pid2, type, idx1, idx2);"
+.fi
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+
+.BR kcmp ()
+allows to find out if two processes identified by
+.I pid1
+and
+.I pid2
+share kernel resources such as virtual memory,
+file descriptors, file system etc.
+
+The comparison
+.I type
+is one of the following
+
+.BR KCMP_FILE
+determines whether a file descriptor
+.I idx1
+in the first process is the same as another descriptor
+.I idx2
+in the second process
+
+.BR KCMP_VM
+compares whether processes share address space
+
+.BR KCMP_FILES
+compares the file descriptor arrays to see whether the processes share all files
+
+.BR KCMP_FS
+compares whether processes share the file system information (the current umask,
+working directory, namespace root, etc)
+
+.BR KCMP_SIGHAND
+compares whether processes share a signal handlers table
+
+.BR KCMP_IO
+compares whether processes do share I/O context,
+used mainly for block I/O scheduling
+
+.BR KCMP_SYSVSEM
+compares the list of undo operations associated with SYSV semaphores
+
+.SH "RETURN VALUE"
+.B kcmp
+was designed to return values suitable for sorting.
+This is particularly handy when one have to compare
+a large number of file descriptors.
+
+The return value is merely a result of simple arithmetic comparison
+of kernel pointers (when kernel compares resources, it uses their
+memory addresses).
+
+The easiest way to explain is to consider an example.
+Lets say
+.I v1
+and
+.I v2
+are the addresses of appropriate resources, then the return value
+is one of the following
+
+.B 0
+\-
+.I v1
+is equal to
+.I v2
+, in other words we have a shared resource here
+
+.B 1
+\-
+.I v1
+is less than
+.I v2
+
+.B 2
+\-
+.I v1
+is greater than
+.I v2
+
+.B 3
+\-
+.I v1
+is not equal to
+.I v2
+, but ordering information is unavailble.
+
+On error, \-1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately.
+
+.SH "CONFORMING TO"
+.BR kcmp ()
+is Linux specific and should not be used in programs intended to be portable.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR clone (2)
-- 
1.7.7.6

Re: [PATCH 2/2] Add kcmp.2 manpage

[H. Peter Anvin]

On 03/09/2012 12:47 PM, Cyrill Gorcunov wrote:
> +.I v2
> +, but ordering information is unavailble.

Needs to be:

.IR v2 ,

... and fix the typo in "unavailable".

	-hpa


-- 
H. Peter Anvin, Intel Open Source Technology Center
I work for Intel.  I don't speak on their behalf.

Re: [PATCH 2/2] Add kcmp.2 manpage

[Cyrill Gorcunov]

On Fri, Mar 09, 2012 at 12:50:17PM -0800, H. Peter Anvin wrote:
> On 03/09/2012 12:47 PM, Cyrill Gorcunov wrote:
> > +.I v2
> > +, but ordering information is unavailble.
> 
> Needs to be:
> 
> .IR v2 ,
> 
> ... and fix the typo in "unavailable".
> 

here we go

	Cyrill
---
From: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Date: Sat, 10 Mar 2012 01:03:00 +0400
Subject: [PATCH] Add kcmp.2 manpage

NAME
       kcmp - compare if two processes do share a particular kernel resource

SYNOPSIS
       #define _GNU_SOURCE         /* See feature_test_macros(7) */
       #include <unistd.h>
       #include <linux/kcmp.h>
       #include <sys/syscall.h>   /* For SYS_xxx definitions */

       int syscall(__NR_kcmp, pid1, pid2, type, idx1, idx2);

DESCRIPTION
       kcmp() allows to find out if two processes identified by pid1 and pid2
       share kernel resources such as virtual memory, file descriptors, file system etc.

       The comparison type is one of the following

       KCMP_FILE determines whether a file descriptor idx1 in the first process
       is the same as another descriptor idx2 in the second process

       KCMP_VM compares whether processes share address space

       KCMP_FILES compares the file descriptor arrays to see whether the processes
       share all files

       KCMP_FS compares whether processes share the file system information (the current
       umask, working directory, namespace root, etc)

       KCMP_SIGHAND compares whether processes share a signal handlers table

       KCMP_IO compares whether processes do share I/O context, used mainly for
       block I/O scheduling

       KCMP_SYSVSEM compares the list of undo operations associated with SYSV semaphores

RETURN VALUE
       kcmp was designed to return values suitable for sorting.  This is particularly handy
       when one have to compare a large number of file descriptors.

       The return value is merely a result of simple arithmetic comparison of kernel pointers
       (when kernel compares resources, it uses their memory addresses).

       The  easiest way to explain is to consider an example.  Lets say v1 and v2 are the
       addresses of appropriate resources, then the return value is one of the following

       0 - v1 is equal to v2 , in other words we have a shared resource here
       1 - v1 is less than v2
       2 - v1 is greater than v2
       3 - v1 is not equal to but ordering information is unavailable.

       On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately.

Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
CC: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
CC: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
CC: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
---
 man2/kcmp.2 |  107 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 files changed, 107 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 man2/kcmp.2

diff --git a/man2/kcmp.2 b/man2/kcmp.2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8615f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man2/kcmp.2
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+.TH KCMP 2 2012-02-01 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
+
+.SH NAME
+kcmp \- compare if two processes do share a particular kernel resource
+
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.nf
+.BR "#define _GNU_SOURCE" "         /* See feature_test_macros(7) */"
+.B #include <unistd.h>
+.B #include <linux/kcmp.h>
+.BR "#include <sys/syscall.h>   "  "/* For SYS_xxx definitions */"
+
+.BI "int syscall(__NR_kcmp, pid1, pid2, type, idx1, idx2);"
+.fi
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+
+.BR kcmp ()
+allows to find out if two processes identified by
+.IR pid1
+and
+.IR pid2
+share kernel resources such as virtual memory,
+file descriptors, file system etc.
+
+The comparison
+.IR type
+is one of the following
+
+.BR KCMP_FILE
+determines whether a file descriptor
+.IR idx1
+in the first process is the same as another descriptor
+.IR idx2
+in the second process
+
+.BR KCMP_VM
+compares whether processes share address space
+
+.BR KCMP_FILES
+compares the file descriptor arrays to see whether the processes share all files
+
+.BR KCMP_FS
+compares whether processes share the file system information (the current umask,
+working directory, namespace root, etc)
+
+.BR KCMP_SIGHAND
+compares whether processes share a signal handlers table
+
+.BR KCMP_IO
+compares whether processes do share I/O context,
+used mainly for block I/O scheduling
+
+.BR KCMP_SYSVSEM
+compares the list of undo operations associated with SYSV semaphores
+
+.SH "RETURN VALUE"
+.B kcmp
+was designed to return values suitable for sorting.
+This is particularly handy when one have to compare
+a large number of file descriptors.
+
+The return value is merely a result of simple arithmetic comparison
+of kernel pointers (when kernel compares resources, it uses their
+memory addresses).
+
+The easiest way to explain is to consider an example.
+Lets say
+.IR v1
+and
+.IR v2
+are the addresses of appropriate resources, then the return value
+is one of the following
+
+.B 0
+\-
+.IR v1
+is equal to
+.IR v2
+, in other words we have a shared resource here
+
+.B 1
+\-
+.IR v1
+is less than
+.IR v2
+
+.B 2
+\-
+.IR v1
+is greater than
+.IR v2
+
+.B 3
+\-
+.IR v1
+is not equal to
+.IR v2
+, but ordering information is unavailable.
+
+On error, \-1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately.
+
+.SH "CONFORMING TO"
+.BR kcmp ()
+is Linux specific and should not be used in programs intended to be portable.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR clone (2)
-- 
1.7.7.6

Re: [PATCH 2/2] Add kcmp.2 manpage

[H. Peter Anvin]

On 03/09/2012 01:03 PM, Cyrill Gorcunov wrote:
> On Fri, Mar 09, 2012 at 12:50:17PM -0800, H. Peter Anvin wrote:
>> On 03/09/2012 12:47 PM, Cyrill Gorcunov wrote:
>>> +.I v2
>>> +, but ordering information is unavailble.
>>
>> Needs to be:
>>
>> .IR v2 ,
>>
>> ... and fix the typo in "unavailable".
>>
> 
> here we go
> 
> 	Cyrill

No, you missed the point, which is that the comma moved to the .IR line.

.BR and .IR mean "alternate between bold/italic and regular", so

.IR foo bar

gives you "foobar" where only "foo" is italiziced.  It is equivalent to:

\fIfoo\fPbar

	-hpa


-- 
H. Peter Anvin, Intel Open Source Technology Center
I work for Intel.  I don't speak on their behalf.

Re: [PATCH 2/2] Add kcmp.2 manpage

[Cyrill Gorcunov]

On Fri, Mar 09, 2012 at 01:15:21PM -0800, H. Peter Anvin wrote:
> No, you missed the point, which is that the comma moved to the .IR line.
> 
> .BR and .IR mean "alternate between bold/italic and regular", so
> 
> .IR foo bar
> 
> gives you "foobar" where only "foo" is italiziced.  It is equivalent to:
> 
> \fIfoo\fPbar
> 

Ouch, sorry. Will update shortly.

	Cyrill

Re: [PATCH 2/2] Add kcmp.2 manpage

[Cyrill Gorcunov]

On Sat, Mar 10, 2012 at 01:18:13AM +0400, Cyrill Gorcunov wrote:
> 
> Ouch, sorry. Will update shortly.
> 

This one should do the trick.

	Cyrill
---
From: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Date: Sat, 10 Mar 2012 01:24:50 +0400
Subject: [PATCH] Add kcmp.2 manpage

NAME
       kcmp - compare if two processes do share a particular kernel resource

SYNOPSIS
       #define _GNU_SOURCE         /* See feature_test_macros(7) */
       #include <unistd.h>
       #include <linux/kcmp.h>
       #include <sys/syscall.h>   /* For SYS_xxx definitions */

       int syscall(__NR_kcmp, pid1, pid2, type, idx1, idx2);

DESCRIPTION
       kcmp() allows to find out if two processes identified by pid1 and pid2
       share kernel resources such as virtual memory, file descriptors, file system etc.

       The comparison type is one of the following

       KCMP_FILE determines whether a file descriptor idx1 in the first process
       is the same as another descriptor idx2 in the second process

       KCMP_VM compares whether processes share address space

       KCMP_FILES compares the file descriptor arrays to see whether the processes
       share all files

       KCMP_FS compares whether processes share the file system information (the current
       umask, working directory, namespace root, etc)

       KCMP_SIGHAND compares whether processes share a signal handlers table

       KCMP_IO compares whether processes do share I/O context, used mainly for
       block I/O scheduling

       KCMP_SYSVSEM compares the list of undo operations associated with SYSV semaphores

RETURN VALUE
       kcmp was designed to return values suitable for sorting.  This is particularly handy
       when one have to compare a large number of file descriptors.

       The return value is merely a result of simple arithmetic comparison of kernel pointers
       (when kernel compares resources, it uses their memory addresses).

       The  easiest way to explain is to consider an example.  Lets say v1 and v2 are the
       addresses of appropriate resources, then the return value is one of the following

       0 - v1 is equal to v2 , in other words we have a shared resource here
       1 - v1 is less than v2
       2 - v1 is greater than v2
       3 - v1 is not equal to but ordering information is unavailble.

       On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately.

Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
CC: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
CC: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
CC: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
---
 man2/kcmp.2 |  107 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 files changed, 107 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 man2/kcmp.2

diff --git a/man2/kcmp.2 b/man2/kcmp.2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c0d3a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man2/kcmp.2
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+.TH KCMP 2 2012-02-01 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
+
+.SH NAME
+kcmp \- compare if two processes do share a particular kernel resource
+
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.nf
+.BR "#define _GNU_SOURCE" "         /* See feature_test_macros(7) */"
+.B #include <unistd.h>
+.B #include <linux/kcmp.h>
+.BR "#include <sys/syscall.h>   "  "/* For SYS_xxx definitions */"
+
+.BI "int syscall(__NR_kcmp, pid1, pid2, type, idx1, idx2);"
+.fi
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+
+.BR kcmp ()
+allows to find out if two processes identified by
+.I pid1
+and
+.I pid2
+share kernel resources such as virtual memory,
+file descriptors, file system etc.
+
+The comparison
+.I type
+is one of the following
+
+.BR KCMP_FILE
+determines whether a file descriptor
+.I idx1
+in the first process is the same as another descriptor
+.I idx2
+in the second process
+
+.BR KCMP_VM
+compares whether processes share address space
+
+.BR KCMP_FILES
+compares the file descriptor arrays to see whether the processes share all files
+
+.BR KCMP_FS
+compares whether processes share the file system information (the current umask,
+working directory, namespace root, etc)
+
+.BR KCMP_SIGHAND
+compares whether processes share a signal handlers table
+
+.BR KCMP_IO
+compares whether processes do share I/O context,
+used mainly for block I/O scheduling
+
+.BR KCMP_SYSVSEM
+compares the list of undo operations associated with SYSV semaphores
+
+.SH "RETURN VALUE"
+.B kcmp
+was designed to return values suitable for sorting.
+This is particularly handy when one have to compare
+a large number of file descriptors.
+
+The return value is merely a result of simple arithmetic comparison
+of kernel pointers (when kernel compares resources, it uses their
+memory addresses).
+
+The easiest way to explain is to consider an example.
+Lets say
+.I v1
+and
+.I v2
+are the addresses of appropriate resources, then the return value
+is one of the following
+
+.B 0
+\-
+.I v1
+is equal to
+.IR v2 ,
+in other words we have a shared resource here
+
+.B 1
+\-
+.I v1
+is less than
+.I v2
+
+.B 2
+\-
+.I v1
+is greater than
+.I v2
+
+.B 3
+\-
+.I v1
+is not equal to
+.IR v2 ,
+but ordering information is unavailable.
+
+On error, \-1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately.
+
+.SH "CONFORMING TO"
+.BR kcmp ()
+is Linux specific and should not be used in programs intended to be portable.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR clone (2)
-- 
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