[PATCH 4.4 071/138] audit: fix a double fetch in audit_log_single_execve_arg()

Greg Kroah-Hartman
2016-08-18T14:03:55Z

From: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>

commit 43761473c254b45883a64441dd0bc85a42f3645c upstream.

There is a double fetch problem in audit_log_single_execve_arg()
where we first check the execve(2) argumnets for any "bad" characters
which would require hex encoding and then re-fetch the arguments for
logging in the audit record[1]. Of course this leaves a window of
opportunity for an unsavory application to munge with the data.

This patch reworks things by only fetching the argument data once[2]
into a buffer where it is scanned and logged into the audit
records(s). In addition to fixing the double fetch, this patch
improves on the original code in a few other ways: better handling
of large arguments which require encoding, stricter record length
checking, and some performance improvements (completely unverified,
but we got rid of some strlen() calls, that's got to be a good
thing).

As part of the development of this patch, I've also created a basic
regression test for the audit-testsuite, the test can be tracked on
GitHub at the following link:

* https://github.com/linux-audit/audit-testsuite/issues/25

[1] If you pay careful attention, there is actually a triple fetch
problem due to a strnlen_user() call at the top of the function.

[2] This is a tiny white lie, we do make a call to strnlen_user()
prior to fetching the argument data. I don't like it, but due to the
way the audit record is structured we really have no choice unless we
copy the entire argument at once (which would require a rather
wasteful allocation). The good news is that with this patch the
kernel no longer relies on this strnlen_user() value for anything
beyond recording it in the log, we also update it with a trustworthy
value whenever possible.

Reported-by: Pengfei Wang <wpengfeinudt@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

---
kernel/auditsc.c | 332 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------------
1 file changed, 164 insertions(+), 168 deletions(-)

--- a/kernel/auditsc.c
+++ b/kernel/auditsc.c
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@
#include <linux/compat.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
+#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <uapi/linux/limits.h>

#include "audit.h"
@@ -82,7 +83,8 @@
#define AUDITSC_SUCCESS 1
#define AUDITSC_FAILURE 2

-/* no execve audit message should be longer than this (userspace limits) */
+/* no execve audit message should be longer than this (userspace limits),
+ * see the note near the top of audit_log_execve_info() about this value */
#define MAX_EXECVE_AUDIT_LEN 7500

/* max length to print of cmdline/proctitle value during audit */
@@ -988,184 +990,178 @@ static int audit_log_pid_context(struct
return rc;
}

-/*
- * to_send and len_sent accounting are very loose estimates. We aren't
- * really worried about a hard cap to MAX_EXECVE_AUDIT_LEN so much as being
- * within about 500 bytes (next page boundary)
- *
- * why snprintf? an int is up to 12 digits long. if we just assumed when
- * logging that a[%d]= was going to be 16 characters long we would be wasting
- * space in every audit message. In one 7500 byte message we can log up to
- * about 1000 min size arguments. That comes down to about 50% waste of space
- * if we didn't do the snprintf to find out how long arg_num_len was.
- */
-static int audit_log_single_execve_arg(struct audit_context *context,
- struct audit_buffer **ab,
- int arg_num,
- size_t *len_sent,
- const char __user *p,
- char *buf)
-{
- char arg_num_len_buf[12];
- const char __user *tmp_p = p;
- /* how many digits are in arg_num? 5 is the length of ' a=""' */
- size_t arg_num_len = snprintf(arg_num_len_buf, 12, "%d", arg_num) + 5;
- size_t len, len_left, to_send;
- size_t max_execve_audit_len = MAX_EXECVE_AUDIT_LEN;
- unsigned int i, has_cntl = 0, too_long = 0;
- int ret;
-
- /* strnlen_user includes the null we don't want to send */
- len_left = len = strnlen_user(p, MAX_ARG_STRLEN) - 1;
+static void audit_log_execve_info(struct audit_context *context,
+ struct audit_buffer **ab)
+{
+ long len_max;
+ long len_rem;
+ long len_full;
+ long len_buf;
+ long len_abuf;
+ long len_tmp;
+ bool require_data;
+ bool encode;
+ unsigned int iter;
+ unsigned int arg;
+ char *buf_head;
+ char *buf;
+ const char __user *p = (const char __user *)current->mm->arg_start;

- /*
- * We just created this mm, if we can't find the strings
- * we just copied into it something is _very_ wrong. Similar
- * for strings that are too long, we should not have created
- * any.
- */
- if (WARN_ON_ONCE(len < 0 || len > MAX_ARG_STRLEN - 1)) {
- send_sig(SIGKILL, current, 0);
- return -1;
+ /* NOTE: this buffer needs to be large enough to hold all the non-arg
+ * data we put in the audit record for this argument (see the
+ * code below) ... at this point in time 96 is plenty */
+ char abuf[96];
+
+ /* NOTE: we set MAX_EXECVE_AUDIT_LEN to a rather arbitrary limit, the
+ * current value of 7500 is not as important as the fact that it
+ * is less than 8k, a setting of 7500 gives us plenty of wiggle
+ * room if we go over a little bit in the logging below */
+ WARN_ON_ONCE(MAX_EXECVE_AUDIT_LEN > 7500);
+ len_max = MAX_EXECVE_AUDIT_LEN;
+
+ /* scratch buffer to hold the userspace args */
+ buf_head = kmalloc(MAX_EXECVE_AUDIT_LEN + 1, GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!buf_head) {
+ audit_panic("out of memory for argv string");
+ return;
}
+ buf = buf_head;
+
+ audit_log_format(*ab, "argc=%d", context->execve.argc);

- /* walk the whole argument looking for non-ascii chars */
+ len_rem = len_max;
+ len_buf = 0;
+ len_full = 0;
+ require_data = true;
+ encode = false;
+ iter = 0;
+ arg = 0;
do {
- if (len_left > MAX_EXECVE_AUDIT_LEN)
- to_send = MAX_EXECVE_AUDIT_LEN;
- else
- to_send = len_left;
- ret = copy_from_user(buf, tmp_p, to_send);
- /*
- * There is no reason for this copy to be short. We just
- * copied them here, and the mm hasn't been exposed to user-
- * space yet.
- */
- if (ret) {
- WARN_ON(1);
- send_sig(SIGKILL, current, 0);
- return -1;
- }
- buf[to_send] = '\0';
- has_cntl = audit_string_contains_control(buf, to_send);
- if (has_cntl) {
- /*
- * hex messages get logged as 2 bytes, so we can only
- * send half as much in each message
- */
- max_execve_audit_len = MAX_EXECVE_AUDIT_LEN / 2;
- break;
- }
- len_left -= to_send;
- tmp_p += to_send;
- } while (len_left > 0);
-
- len_left = len;
-
- if (len > max_execve_audit_len)
- too_long = 1;
-
- /* rewalk the argument actually logging the message */
- for (i = 0; len_left > 0; i++) {
- int room_left;
-
- if (len_left > max_execve_audit_len)
- to_send = max_execve_audit_len;
- else
- to_send = len_left;
-
- /* do we have space left to send this argument in this ab? */
- room_left = MAX_EXECVE_AUDIT_LEN - arg_num_len - *len_sent;
- if (has_cntl)
- room_left -= (to_send * 2);
- else
- room_left -= to_send;
- if (room_left < 0) {
- *len_sent = 0;
- audit_log_end(*ab);
- *ab = audit_log_start(context, GFP_KERNEL, AUDIT_EXECVE);
- if (!*ab)
- return 0;
- }
+ /* NOTE: we don't ever want to trust this value for anything
+ * serious, but the audit record format insists we
+ * provide an argument length for really long arguments,
+ * e.g. > MAX_EXECVE_AUDIT_LEN, so we have no choice but
+ * to use strncpy_from_user() to obtain this value for
+ * recording in the log, although we don't use it
+ * anywhere here to avoid a double-fetch problem */
+ if (len_full == 0)
+ len_full = strnlen_user(p, MAX_ARG_STRLEN) - 1;
+
+ /* read more data from userspace */
+ if (require_data) {
+ /* can we make more room in the buffer? */
+ if (buf != buf_head) {
+ memmove(buf_head, buf, len_buf);
+ buf = buf_head;
+ }

- /*
- * first record needs to say how long the original string was
- * so we can be sure nothing was lost.
- */
- if ((i == 0) && (too_long))
- audit_log_format(*ab, " a%d_len=%zu", arg_num,
- has_cntl ? 2*len : len);
-
- /*
- * normally arguments are small enough to fit and we already
- * filled buf above when we checked for control characters
- * so don't bother with another copy_from_user
- */
- if (len >= max_execve_audit_len)
- ret = copy_from_user(buf, p, to_send);
- else
- ret = 0;
- if (ret) {
- WARN_ON(1);
- send_sig(SIGKILL, current, 0);
- return -1;
- }
- buf[to_send] = '\0';
+ /* fetch as much as we can of the argument */
+ len_tmp = strncpy_from_user(&buf_head[len_buf], p,
+ len_max - len_buf);
+ if (len_tmp == -EFAULT) {
+ /* unable to copy from userspace */
+ send_sig(SIGKILL, current, 0);
+ goto out;
+ } else if (len_tmp == (len_max - len_buf)) {
+ /* buffer is not large enough */
+ require_data = true;
+ /* NOTE: if we are going to span multiple
+ * buffers force the encoding so we stand
+ * a chance at a sane len_full value and
+ * consistent record encoding */
+ encode = true;
+ len_full = len_full * 2;
+ p += len_tmp;
+ } else {
+ require_data = false;
+ if (!encode)
+ encode = audit_string_contains_control(
+ buf, len_tmp);
+ /* try to use a trusted value for len_full */
+ if (len_full < len_max)
+ len_full = (encode ?
+ len_tmp * 2 : len_tmp);
+ p += len_tmp + 1;
+ }
+ len_buf += len_tmp;
+ buf_head[len_buf] = '\0';

- /* actually log it */
- audit_log_format(*ab, " a%d", arg_num);
- if (too_long)
- audit_log_format(*ab, "[%d]", i);
- audit_log_format(*ab, "=");
- if (has_cntl)
- audit_log_n_hex(*ab, buf, to_send);
- else
- audit_log_string(*ab, buf);
-
- p += to_send;
- len_left -= to_send;
- *len_sent += arg_num_len;
- if (has_cntl)
- *len_sent += to_send * 2;
- else
- *len_sent += to_send;
- }
- /* include the null we didn't log */
- return len + 1;
-}
+ /* length of the buffer in the audit record? */
+ len_abuf = (encode ? len_buf * 2 : len_buf + 2);
+ }

-static void audit_log_execve_info(struct audit_context *context,
- struct audit_buffer **ab)
-{
- int i, len;
- size_t len_sent = 0;
- const char __user *p;
- char *buf;
+ /* write as much as we can to the audit log */
+ if (len_buf > 0) {
+ /* NOTE: some magic numbers here - basically if we
+ * can't fit a reasonable amount of data into the
+ * existing audit buffer, flush it and start with
+ * a new buffer */
+ if ((sizeof(abuf) + 8) > len_rem) {
+ len_rem = len_max;
+ audit_log_end(*ab);
+ *ab = audit_log_start(context,
+ GFP_KERNEL, AUDIT_EXECVE);
+ if (!*ab)
+ goto out;
+ }

- p = (const char __user *)current->mm->arg_start;
+ /* create the non-arg portion of the arg record */
+ len_tmp = 0;
+ if (require_data || (iter > 0) ||
+ ((len_abuf + sizeof(abuf)) > len_rem)) {
+ if (iter == 0) {
+ len_tmp += snprintf(&abuf[len_tmp],
+ sizeof(abuf) - len_tmp,
+ " a%d_len=%lu",
+ arg, len_full);
+ }
+ len_tmp += snprintf(&abuf[len_tmp],
+ sizeof(abuf) - len_tmp,
+ " a%d[%d]=", arg, iter++);
+ } else
+ len_tmp += snprintf(&abuf[len_tmp],
+ sizeof(abuf) - len_tmp,
+ " a%d=", arg);
+ WARN_ON(len_tmp >= sizeof(abuf));
+ abuf[sizeof(abuf) - 1] = '\0';
+
+ /* log the arg in the audit record */
+ audit_log_format(*ab, "%s", abuf);
+ len_rem -= len_tmp;
+ len_tmp = len_buf;
+ if (encode) {
+ if (len_abuf > len_rem)
+ len_tmp = len_rem / 2; /* encoding */
+ audit_log_n_hex(*ab, buf, len_tmp);
+ len_rem -= len_tmp * 2;
+ len_abuf -= len_tmp * 2;
+ } else {
+ if (len_abuf > len_rem)
+ len_tmp = len_rem - 2; /* quotes */
+ audit_log_n_string(*ab, buf, len_tmp);
+ len_rem -= len_tmp + 2;
+ /* don't subtract the "2" because we still need
+ * to add quotes to the remaining string */
+ len_abuf -= len_tmp;
+ }
+ len_buf -= len_tmp;
+ buf += len_tmp;
+ }

- audit_log_format(*ab, "argc=%d", context->execve.argc);
+ /* ready to move to the next argument? */
+ if ((len_buf == 0) && !require_data) {
+ arg++;
+ iter = 0;
+ len_full = 0;
+ require_data = true;
+ encode = false;
+ }
+ } while (arg < context->execve.argc);

- /*
- * we need some kernel buffer to hold the userspace args. Just
- * allocate one big one rather than allocating one of the right size
- * for every single argument inside audit_log_single_execve_arg()
- * should be <8k allocation so should be pretty safe.
- */
- buf = kmalloc(MAX_EXECVE_AUDIT_LEN + 1, GFP_KERNEL);
- if (!buf) {
- audit_panic("out of memory for argv string");
- return;
- }
+ /* NOTE: the caller handles the final audit_log_end() call */

- for (i = 0; i < context->execve.argc; i++) {
- len = audit_log_single_execve_arg(context, ab, i,
- &len_sent, p, buf);
- if (len <= 0)
- break;
- p += len;
- }
- kfree(buf);
+out:
+ kfree(buf_head);
}

static void show_special(struct audit_context *context, int *call_panic)