From: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
To: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>,
stable@vger.kernel.org,
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>,
Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>,
Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>,
Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>,
linux-arch@vger.kernel.org, Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>,
kernel-hardening@lists.openwall.com,
Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>,
alan@linux.intel.com, David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Subject: [PATCH 4.9 62/92] x86/uaccess: Use __uaccess_begin_nospec() and uaccess_try_nospec
Date: Fri, 9 Feb 2018 14:39:31 +0100 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <20180209133935.742909119@linuxfoundation.org> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20180209133931.211869118@linuxfoundation.org>
4.9-stable review patch. If anyone has any objections, please let me know.
------------------
From: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
(cherry picked from commit 304ec1b050310548db33063e567123fae8fd0301)
Quoting Linus:
I do think that it would be a good idea to very expressly document
the fact that it's not that the user access itself is unsafe. I do
agree that things like "get_user()" want to be protected, but not
because of any direct bugs or problems with get_user() and friends,
but simply because get_user() is an excellent source of a pointer
that is obviously controlled from a potentially attacking user
space. So it's a prime candidate for then finding _subsequent_
accesses that can then be used to perturb the cache.
__uaccess_begin_nospec() covers __get_user() and copy_from_iter() where the
limit check is far away from the user pointer de-reference. In those cases
a barrier_nospec() prevents speculation with a potential pointer to
privileged memory. uaccess_try_nospec covers get_user_try.
Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Suggested-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: kernel-hardening@lists.openwall.com
Cc: gregkh@linuxfoundation.org
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: alan@linux.intel.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/151727416953.33451.10508284228526170604.stgit@dwillia2-desk3.amr.corp.intel.com
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess.h | 6 +++---
arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_32.h | 12 ++++++------
arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_64.h | 12 ++++++------
arch/x86/lib/usercopy_32.c | 4 ++--
4 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess.h
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ do { \
({ \
int __gu_err; \
__inttype(*(ptr)) __gu_val; \
- __uaccess_begin(); \
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec(); \
__get_user_size(__gu_val, (ptr), (size), __gu_err, -EFAULT); \
__uaccess_end(); \
(x) = (__force __typeof__(*(ptr)))__gu_val; \
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ struct __large_struct { unsigned long bu
* get_user_ex(...);
* } get_user_catch(err)
*/
-#define get_user_try uaccess_try
+#define get_user_try uaccess_try_nospec
#define get_user_catch(err) uaccess_catch(err)
#define get_user_ex(x, ptr) do { \
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ extern void __cmpxchg_wrong_size(void)
__typeof__(ptr) __uval = (uval); \
__typeof__(*(ptr)) __old = (old); \
__typeof__(*(ptr)) __new = (new); \
- __uaccess_begin(); \
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec(); \
switch (size) { \
case 1: \
{ \
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_32.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_32.h
@@ -102,17 +102,17 @@ __copy_from_user(void *to, const void __
switch (n) {
case 1:
- __uaccess_begin();
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec();
__get_user_size(*(u8 *)to, from, 1, ret, 1);
__uaccess_end();
return ret;
case 2:
- __uaccess_begin();
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec();
__get_user_size(*(u16 *)to, from, 2, ret, 2);
__uaccess_end();
return ret;
case 4:
- __uaccess_begin();
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec();
__get_user_size(*(u32 *)to, from, 4, ret, 4);
__uaccess_end();
return ret;
@@ -130,17 +130,17 @@ static __always_inline unsigned long __c
switch (n) {
case 1:
- __uaccess_begin();
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec();
__get_user_size(*(u8 *)to, from, 1, ret, 1);
__uaccess_end();
return ret;
case 2:
- __uaccess_begin();
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec();
__get_user_size(*(u16 *)to, from, 2, ret, 2);
__uaccess_end();
return ret;
case 4:
- __uaccess_begin();
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec();
__get_user_size(*(u32 *)to, from, 4, ret, 4);
__uaccess_end();
return ret;
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_64.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_64.h
@@ -59,31 +59,31 @@ int __copy_from_user_nocheck(void *dst,
return copy_user_generic(dst, (__force void *)src, size);
switch (size) {
case 1:
- __uaccess_begin();
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec();
__get_user_asm(*(u8 *)dst, (u8 __user *)src,
ret, "b", "b", "=q", 1);
__uaccess_end();
return ret;
case 2:
- __uaccess_begin();
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec();
__get_user_asm(*(u16 *)dst, (u16 __user *)src,
ret, "w", "w", "=r", 2);
__uaccess_end();
return ret;
case 4:
- __uaccess_begin();
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec();
__get_user_asm(*(u32 *)dst, (u32 __user *)src,
ret, "l", "k", "=r", 4);
__uaccess_end();
return ret;
case 8:
- __uaccess_begin();
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec();
__get_user_asm(*(u64 *)dst, (u64 __user *)src,
ret, "q", "", "=r", 8);
__uaccess_end();
return ret;
case 10:
- __uaccess_begin();
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec();
__get_user_asm(*(u64 *)dst, (u64 __user *)src,
ret, "q", "", "=r", 10);
if (likely(!ret))
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ int __copy_from_user_nocheck(void *dst,
__uaccess_end();
return ret;
case 16:
- __uaccess_begin();
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec();
__get_user_asm(*(u64 *)dst, (u64 __user *)src,
ret, "q", "", "=r", 16);
if (likely(!ret))
--- a/arch/x86/lib/usercopy_32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/lib/usercopy_32.c
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ do { \
unsigned long __copy_to_user_ll(void __user *to, const void *from,
unsigned long n)
{
- __uaccess_begin();
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec();
if (movsl_is_ok(to, from, n))
__copy_user(to, from, n);
else
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(__copy_from_user_ll_nocach
unsigned long __copy_from_user_ll_nocache_nozero(void *to, const void __user *from,
unsigned long n)
{
- __uaccess_begin();
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec();
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_INTEL_USERCOPY
if (n > 64 && static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_XMM2))
n = __copy_user_intel_nocache(to, from, n);
next prev parent reply other threads:[~2018-02-09 13:43 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 121+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2018-02-09 13:38 [PATCH 4.9 00/92] 4.9.81-stable review Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 01/92] powerpc/pseries: Add H_GET_CPU_CHARACTERISTICS flags & wrapper Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 02/92] powerpc/64: Add macros for annotating the destination of rfid/hrfid Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 03/92] powerpc/64: Convert fast_exception_return to use RFI_TO_USER/KERNEL Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 04/92] powerpc/64: Convert the syscall exit path " Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 05/92] powerpc/64s: Convert slb_miss_common " Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 06/92] powerpc/64s: Add support for RFI flush of L1-D cache Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 07/92] powerpc/64s: Support disabling RFI flush with no_rfi_flush and nopti Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 08/92] powerpc/pseries: Query hypervisor for RFI flush settings Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 09/92] powerpc/powernv: Check device-tree " Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 10/92] powerpc/64s: Wire up cpu_show_meltdown() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 11/92] powerpc/64s: Allow control of RFI flush via debugfs Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 12/92] auxdisplay: img-ascii-lcd: add missing MODULE_DESCRIPTION/AUTHOR/LICENSE Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 13/92] pinctrl: pxa: pxa2xx: " Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 14/92] ASoC: pcm512x: " Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 15/92] kaiser: fix intel_bts perf crashes Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 16/92] x86/pti: Make unpoison of pgd for trusted boot work for real Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 17/92] kaiser: allocate pgd with order 0 when pti=off Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 18/92] serial: core: mark port as initialized after successful IRQ change Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 19/92] ip6mr: fix stale iterator Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 20/92] net: igmp: add a missing rcu locking section Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 21/92] qlcnic: fix deadlock bug Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 22/92] qmi_wwan: Add support for Quectel EP06 Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 23/92] r8169: fix RTL8168EP take too long to complete driver initialization Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 24/92] tcp: release sk_frag.page in tcp_disconnect Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 25/92] vhost_net: stop device during reset owner Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 26/92] tcp_bbr: fix pacing_gain to always be unity when using lt_bw Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 27/92] cls_u32: add missing RCU annotation Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 28/92] ipv6: Fix SO_REUSEPORT UDP socket with implicit sk_ipv6only Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 29/92] soreuseport: fix mem leak in reuseport_add_sock() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 30/92] x86/asm: Fix inline asm call constraints for GCC 4.4 Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 31/92] x86/microcode/AMD: Do not load when running on a hypervisor Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 32/92] media: soc_camera: soc_scale_crop: add missing MODULE_DESCRIPTION/AUTHOR/LICENSE Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 33/92] b43: Add missing MODULE_FIRMWARE() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 34/92] KEYS: encrypted: fix buffer overread in valid_master_desc() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 35/92] x86/retpoline: Remove the esp/rsp thunk Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 36/92] KVM: x86: Make indirect calls in emulator speculation safe Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 37/92] KVM: VMX: Make indirect call " Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 38/92] module/retpoline: Warn about missing retpoline in module Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 39/92] x86/cpufeatures: Add CPUID_7_EDX CPUID leaf Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 40/92] x86/cpufeatures: Add Intel feature bits for Speculation Control Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 41/92] x86/cpufeatures: Add AMD " Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 42/92] x86/msr: Add definitions for new speculation control MSRs Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 43/92] x86/pti: Do not enable PTI on CPUs which are not vulnerable to Meltdown Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-13 13:34 ` Nick Lowe
2018-02-13 15:00 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-13 15:09 ` Arjan van de Ven
2018-02-13 15:27 ` Nick Lowe
2018-02-13 16:32 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-16 13:15 ` Nick Lowe
2018-02-16 16:56 ` Nick Lowe
2018-02-13 15:56 ` Andi Kleen
2018-02-13 16:02 ` Thomas Gleixner
2018-02-13 16:10 ` Borislav Petkov
2018-02-13 16:18 ` Dave Hansen
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 44/92] x86/cpufeature: Blacklist SPEC_CTRL/PRED_CMD on early Spectre v2 microcodes Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 45/92] x86/speculation: Add basic IBPB (Indirect Branch Prediction Barrier) support Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 46/92] x86/alternative: Print unadorned pointers Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 22:01 ` Kees Cook
2018-02-10 7:23 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-10 19:14 ` Kees Cook
2018-02-10 19:21 ` Borislav Petkov
2018-02-13 9:16 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 47/92] x86/nospec: Fix header guards names Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 48/92] x86/bugs: Drop one "mitigation" from dmesg Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 49/92] x86/cpu/bugs: Make retpoline module warning conditional Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 50/92] x86/cpufeatures: Clean up Spectre v2 related CPUID flags Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 51/92] x86/retpoline: Simplify vmexit_fill_RSB() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 52/92] x86/spectre: Check CONFIG_RETPOLINE in command line parser Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 53/92] x86/entry/64: Remove the SYSCALL64 fast path Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 54/92] x86/entry/64: Push extra regs right away Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 55/92] x86/asm: Move status from thread_struct to thread_info Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 56/92] Documentation: Document array_index_nospec Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 57/92] array_index_nospec: Sanitize speculative array de-references Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 58/92] x86: Implement array_index_mask_nospec Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 59/92] x86: Introduce barrier_nospec Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 60/92] x86: Introduce __uaccess_begin_nospec() and uaccess_try_nospec Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 61/92] x86/usercopy: Replace open coded stac/clac with __uaccess_{begin, end} Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman [this message]
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 63/92] x86/get_user: Use pointer masking to limit speculation Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 64/92] x86/syscall: Sanitize syscall table de-references under speculation Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 65/92] vfs, fdtable: Prevent bounds-check bypass via speculative execution Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 66/92] nl80211: Sanitize array index in parse_txq_params Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 67/92] x86/spectre: Report get_user mitigation for spectre_v1 Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 68/92] x86/spectre: Fix spelling mistake: "vunerable"-> "vulnerable" Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 69/92] x86/cpuid: Fix up "virtual" IBRS/IBPB/STIBP feature bits on Intel Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 70/92] x86/paravirt: Remove noreplace-paravirt cmdline option Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 71/92] x86/kvm: Update spectre-v1 mitigation Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 72/92] x86/retpoline: Avoid retpolines for built-in __init functions Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 73/92] x86/spectre: Simplify spectre_v2 command line parsing Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 74/92] x86/pti: Mark constant arrays as __initconst Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 75/92] x86/speculation: Fix typo IBRS_ATT, which should be IBRS_ALL Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 76/92] KVM: nVMX: kmap() cant fail Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 77/92] KVM: nVMX: vmx_complete_nested_posted_interrupt() " Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 78/92] KVM: nVMX: mark vmcs12 pages dirty on L2 exit Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 79/92] KVM: nVMX: Eliminate vmcs02 pool Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 80/92] KVM: VMX: introduce alloc_loaded_vmcs Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 81/92] KVM: VMX: make MSR bitmaps per-VCPU Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 82/92] KVM/x86: Add IBPB support Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 83/92] KVM/VMX: Emulate MSR_IA32_ARCH_CAPABILITIES Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 84/92] KVM/VMX: Allow direct access to MSR_IA32_SPEC_CTRL Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 85/92] KVM/SVM: " Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 86/92] crypto: tcrypt - fix S/G table for test_aead_speed() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 87/92] ASoC: simple-card: Fix misleading error message Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 88/92] ASoC: rsnd: dont call free_irq() on Parent SSI Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 89/92] ASoC: rsnd: avoid duplicate free_irq() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 90/92] drm: rcar-du: Use the VBK interrupt for vblank events Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:40 ` [PATCH 4.9 91/92] drm: rcar-du: Fix race condition when disabling planes at CRTC stop Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:40 ` [PATCH 4.9 92/92] x86/microcode: Do the family check first Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 17:36 ` [PATCH 4.9 00/92] 4.9.81-stable review kernelci.org bot
2018-02-09 20:18 ` Shuah Khan
2018-02-09 21:32 ` Dan Rue
2018-02-10 15:46 ` Guenter Roeck
2018-02-13 9:36 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-13 14:30 ` Guenter Roeck
2018-02-13 15:29 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-17 13:31 ` Yves-Alexis Perez
2018-02-17 13:45 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-17 17:35 ` Guenter Roeck
2018-02-18 17:25 ` Yves-Alexis Perez
2018-02-20 10:40 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
Reply instructions:
You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:
* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
and reply-to-all from there: mbox
Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style
* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
switches of git-send-email(1):
git send-email \
--in-reply-to=20180209133935.742909119@linuxfoundation.org \
--to=gregkh@linuxfoundation.org \
--cc=ak@linux.intel.com \
--cc=alan@linux.intel.com \
--cc=dan.j.williams@intel.com \
--cc=dwmw@amazon.co.uk \
--cc=keescook@chromium.org \
--cc=kernel-hardening@lists.openwall.com \
--cc=linux-arch@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=stable@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=tglx@linutronix.de \
--cc=torvalds@linux-foundation.org \
--cc=viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk \
/path/to/YOUR_REPLY
https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html
* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line
before the message body.
This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox;
as well as URLs for NNTP newsgroup(s).