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From: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
To: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>,
	stable@vger.kernel.org, KarimAllah Ahmed <karahmed@amazon.de>,
	David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>,
	Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>,
	Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>,
	Darren Kenny <darren.kenny@oracle.com>,
	Jim Mattson <jmattson@google.com>,
	Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>,
	Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>,
	Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>,
	Jun Nakajima <jun.nakajima@intel.com>,
	kvm@vger.kernel.org, Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>,
	Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>,
	Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>,
	Asit Mallick <asit.k.mallick@intel.com>,
	Arjan Van De Ven <arjan.van.de.ven@intel.com>,
	Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>,
	Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>,
	Ashok Raj <ashok.raj@intel.com>
Subject: [PATCH 4.9 83/92] KVM/VMX: Emulate MSR_IA32_ARCH_CAPABILITIES
Date: Fri,  9 Feb 2018 14:39:52 +0100	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20180209133937.128931229@linuxfoundation.org> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20180209133931.211869118@linuxfoundation.org>

4.9-stable review patch.  If anyone has any objections, please let me know.

------------------

From: KarimAllah Ahmed <karahmed@amazon.de>


(cherry picked from commit 28c1c9fabf48d6ad596273a11c46e0d0da3e14cd)

Intel processors use MSR_IA32_ARCH_CAPABILITIES MSR to indicate RDCL_NO
(bit 0) and IBRS_ALL (bit 1). This is a read-only MSR. By default the
contents will come directly from the hardware, but user-space can still
override it.

[dwmw2: The bit in kvm_cpuid_7_0_edx_x86_features can be unconditional]

Signed-off-by: KarimAllah Ahmed <karahmed@amazon.de>
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Darren Kenny <darren.kenny@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Jim Mattson <jmattson@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jun Nakajima <jun.nakajima@intel.com>
Cc: kvm@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Asit Mallick <asit.k.mallick@intel.com>
Cc: Arjan Van De Ven <arjan.van.de.ven@intel.com>
Cc: Greg KH <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ashok Raj <ashok.raj@intel.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517522386-18410-4-git-send-email-karahmed@amazon.de
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
 arch/x86/kvm/cpuid.c |    8 +++++++-
 arch/x86/kvm/cpuid.h |    8 ++++++++
 arch/x86/kvm/vmx.c   |   15 +++++++++++++++
 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c   |    1 +
 4 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

--- a/arch/x86/kvm/cpuid.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/cpuid.c
@@ -380,6 +380,10 @@ static inline int __do_cpuid_ent(struct
 	/* cpuid 7.0.ecx*/
 	const u32 kvm_cpuid_7_0_ecx_x86_features = F(PKU) | 0 /*OSPKE*/;
 
+	/* cpuid 7.0.edx*/
+	const u32 kvm_cpuid_7_0_edx_x86_features =
+		F(ARCH_CAPABILITIES);
+
 	/* all calls to cpuid_count() should be made on the same cpu */
 	get_cpu();
 
@@ -462,12 +466,14 @@ static inline int __do_cpuid_ent(struct
 			/* PKU is not yet implemented for shadow paging. */
 			if (!tdp_enabled || !boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_OSPKE))
 				entry->ecx &= ~F(PKU);
+			entry->edx &= kvm_cpuid_7_0_edx_x86_features;
+			cpuid_mask(&entry->edx, CPUID_7_EDX);
 		} else {
 			entry->ebx = 0;
 			entry->ecx = 0;
+			entry->edx = 0;
 		}
 		entry->eax = 0;
-		entry->edx = 0;
 		break;
 	}
 	case 9:
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/cpuid.h
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/cpuid.h
@@ -171,6 +171,14 @@ static inline bool guest_cpuid_has_ibpb(
 	return best && (best->edx & bit(X86_FEATURE_SPEC_CTRL));
 }
 
+static inline bool guest_cpuid_has_arch_capabilities(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
+{
+	struct kvm_cpuid_entry2 *best;
+
+	best = kvm_find_cpuid_entry(vcpu, 7, 0);
+	return best && (best->edx & bit(X86_FEATURE_ARCH_CAPABILITIES));
+}
+
 
 /*
  * NRIPS is provided through cpuidfn 0x8000000a.edx bit 3
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx.c
@@ -551,6 +551,8 @@ struct vcpu_vmx {
 	u64 		      msr_guest_kernel_gs_base;
 #endif
 
+	u64 		      arch_capabilities;
+
 	u32 vm_entry_controls_shadow;
 	u32 vm_exit_controls_shadow;
 	/*
@@ -2979,6 +2981,12 @@ static int vmx_get_msr(struct kvm_vcpu *
 	case MSR_IA32_TSC:
 		msr_info->data = guest_read_tsc(vcpu);
 		break;
+	case MSR_IA32_ARCH_CAPABILITIES:
+		if (!msr_info->host_initiated &&
+		    !guest_cpuid_has_arch_capabilities(vcpu))
+			return 1;
+		msr_info->data = to_vmx(vcpu)->arch_capabilities;
+		break;
 	case MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_CS:
 		msr_info->data = vmcs_read32(GUEST_SYSENTER_CS);
 		break;
@@ -3110,6 +3118,11 @@ static int vmx_set_msr(struct kvm_vcpu *
 		vmx_disable_intercept_for_msr(vmx->vmcs01.msr_bitmap, MSR_IA32_PRED_CMD,
 					      MSR_TYPE_W);
 		break;
+	case MSR_IA32_ARCH_CAPABILITIES:
+		if (!msr_info->host_initiated)
+			return 1;
+		vmx->arch_capabilities = data;
+		break;
 	case MSR_IA32_CR_PAT:
 		if (vmcs_config.vmentry_ctrl & VM_ENTRY_LOAD_IA32_PAT) {
 			if (!kvm_mtrr_valid(vcpu, MSR_IA32_CR_PAT, data))
@@ -5196,6 +5209,8 @@ static int vmx_vcpu_setup(struct vcpu_vm
 		++vmx->nmsrs;
 	}
 
+	if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_ARCH_CAPABILITIES))
+		rdmsrl(MSR_IA32_ARCH_CAPABILITIES, vmx->arch_capabilities);
 
 	vm_exit_controls_init(vmx, vmcs_config.vmexit_ctrl);
 
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
@@ -975,6 +975,7 @@ static u32 msrs_to_save[] = {
 #endif
 	MSR_IA32_TSC, MSR_IA32_CR_PAT, MSR_VM_HSAVE_PA,
 	MSR_IA32_FEATURE_CONTROL, MSR_IA32_BNDCFGS, MSR_TSC_AUX,
+	MSR_IA32_ARCH_CAPABILITIES
 };
 
 static unsigned num_msrs_to_save;

  parent reply	other threads:[~2018-02-09 14:00 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 121+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2018-02-09 13:38 [PATCH 4.9 00/92] 4.9.81-stable review Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 01/92] powerpc/pseries: Add H_GET_CPU_CHARACTERISTICS flags & wrapper Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 02/92] powerpc/64: Add macros for annotating the destination of rfid/hrfid Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 03/92] powerpc/64: Convert fast_exception_return to use RFI_TO_USER/KERNEL Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 04/92] powerpc/64: Convert the syscall exit path " Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 05/92] powerpc/64s: Convert slb_miss_common " Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 06/92] powerpc/64s: Add support for RFI flush of L1-D cache Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 07/92] powerpc/64s: Support disabling RFI flush with no_rfi_flush and nopti Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 08/92] powerpc/pseries: Query hypervisor for RFI flush settings Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 09/92] powerpc/powernv: Check device-tree " Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 10/92] powerpc/64s: Wire up cpu_show_meltdown() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 11/92] powerpc/64s: Allow control of RFI flush via debugfs Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 12/92] auxdisplay: img-ascii-lcd: add missing MODULE_DESCRIPTION/AUTHOR/LICENSE Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 13/92] pinctrl: pxa: pxa2xx: " Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 14/92] ASoC: pcm512x: " Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 15/92] kaiser: fix intel_bts perf crashes Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 16/92] x86/pti: Make unpoison of pgd for trusted boot work for real Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 17/92] kaiser: allocate pgd with order 0 when pti=off Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 18/92] serial: core: mark port as initialized after successful IRQ change Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 19/92] ip6mr: fix stale iterator Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 20/92] net: igmp: add a missing rcu locking section Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 21/92] qlcnic: fix deadlock bug Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 22/92] qmi_wwan: Add support for Quectel EP06 Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 23/92] r8169: fix RTL8168EP take too long to complete driver initialization Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 24/92] tcp: release sk_frag.page in tcp_disconnect Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 25/92] vhost_net: stop device during reset owner Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 26/92] tcp_bbr: fix pacing_gain to always be unity when using lt_bw Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 27/92] cls_u32: add missing RCU annotation Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 28/92] ipv6: Fix SO_REUSEPORT UDP socket with implicit sk_ipv6only Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 29/92] soreuseport: fix mem leak in reuseport_add_sock() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:38 ` [PATCH 4.9 30/92] x86/asm: Fix inline asm call constraints for GCC 4.4 Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 31/92] x86/microcode/AMD: Do not load when running on a hypervisor Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 32/92] media: soc_camera: soc_scale_crop: add missing MODULE_DESCRIPTION/AUTHOR/LICENSE Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 33/92] b43: Add missing MODULE_FIRMWARE() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 34/92] KEYS: encrypted: fix buffer overread in valid_master_desc() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 35/92] x86/retpoline: Remove the esp/rsp thunk Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 36/92] KVM: x86: Make indirect calls in emulator speculation safe Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 37/92] KVM: VMX: Make indirect call " Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 38/92] module/retpoline: Warn about missing retpoline in module Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 39/92] x86/cpufeatures: Add CPUID_7_EDX CPUID leaf Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 40/92] x86/cpufeatures: Add Intel feature bits for Speculation Control Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 41/92] x86/cpufeatures: Add AMD " Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 42/92] x86/msr: Add definitions for new speculation control MSRs Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 43/92] x86/pti: Do not enable PTI on CPUs which are not vulnerable to Meltdown Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-13 13:34   ` Nick Lowe
2018-02-13 15:00     ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-13 15:09       ` Arjan van de Ven
2018-02-13 15:27         ` Nick Lowe
2018-02-13 16:32           ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-16 13:15             ` Nick Lowe
2018-02-16 16:56               ` Nick Lowe
2018-02-13 15:56         ` Andi Kleen
2018-02-13 16:02           ` Thomas Gleixner
2018-02-13 16:10             ` Borislav Petkov
2018-02-13 16:18           ` Dave Hansen
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 44/92] x86/cpufeature: Blacklist SPEC_CTRL/PRED_CMD on early Spectre v2 microcodes Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 45/92] x86/speculation: Add basic IBPB (Indirect Branch Prediction Barrier) support Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 46/92] x86/alternative: Print unadorned pointers Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 22:01   ` Kees Cook
2018-02-10  7:23     ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-10 19:14       ` Kees Cook
2018-02-10 19:21         ` Borislav Petkov
2018-02-13  9:16           ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 47/92] x86/nospec: Fix header guards names Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 48/92] x86/bugs: Drop one "mitigation" from dmesg Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 49/92] x86/cpu/bugs: Make retpoline module warning conditional Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 50/92] x86/cpufeatures: Clean up Spectre v2 related CPUID flags Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 51/92] x86/retpoline: Simplify vmexit_fill_RSB() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 52/92] x86/spectre: Check CONFIG_RETPOLINE in command line parser Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 53/92] x86/entry/64: Remove the SYSCALL64 fast path Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 54/92] x86/entry/64: Push extra regs right away Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 55/92] x86/asm: Move status from thread_struct to thread_info Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 56/92] Documentation: Document array_index_nospec Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 57/92] array_index_nospec: Sanitize speculative array de-references Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 58/92] x86: Implement array_index_mask_nospec Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 59/92] x86: Introduce barrier_nospec Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 60/92] x86: Introduce __uaccess_begin_nospec() and uaccess_try_nospec Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 61/92] x86/usercopy: Replace open coded stac/clac with __uaccess_{begin, end} Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 62/92] x86/uaccess: Use __uaccess_begin_nospec() and uaccess_try_nospec Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 63/92] x86/get_user: Use pointer masking to limit speculation Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 64/92] x86/syscall: Sanitize syscall table de-references under speculation Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 65/92] vfs, fdtable: Prevent bounds-check bypass via speculative execution Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 66/92] nl80211: Sanitize array index in parse_txq_params Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 67/92] x86/spectre: Report get_user mitigation for spectre_v1 Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 68/92] x86/spectre: Fix spelling mistake: "vunerable"-> "vulnerable" Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 69/92] x86/cpuid: Fix up "virtual" IBRS/IBPB/STIBP feature bits on Intel Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 70/92] x86/paravirt: Remove noreplace-paravirt cmdline option Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 71/92] x86/kvm: Update spectre-v1 mitigation Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 72/92] x86/retpoline: Avoid retpolines for built-in __init functions Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 73/92] x86/spectre: Simplify spectre_v2 command line parsing Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 74/92] x86/pti: Mark constant arrays as __initconst Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 75/92] x86/speculation: Fix typo IBRS_ATT, which should be IBRS_ALL Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 76/92] KVM: nVMX: kmap() cant fail Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 77/92] KVM: nVMX: vmx_complete_nested_posted_interrupt() " Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 78/92] KVM: nVMX: mark vmcs12 pages dirty on L2 exit Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 79/92] KVM: nVMX: Eliminate vmcs02 pool Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 80/92] KVM: VMX: introduce alloc_loaded_vmcs Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 81/92] KVM: VMX: make MSR bitmaps per-VCPU Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 82/92] KVM/x86: Add IBPB support Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman [this message]
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 84/92] KVM/VMX: Allow direct access to MSR_IA32_SPEC_CTRL Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 85/92] KVM/SVM: " Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 86/92] crypto: tcrypt - fix S/G table for test_aead_speed() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 87/92] ASoC: simple-card: Fix misleading error message Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 88/92] ASoC: rsnd: dont call free_irq() on Parent SSI Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 89/92] ASoC: rsnd: avoid duplicate free_irq() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:39 ` [PATCH 4.9 90/92] drm: rcar-du: Use the VBK interrupt for vblank events Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:40 ` [PATCH 4.9 91/92] drm: rcar-du: Fix race condition when disabling planes at CRTC stop Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 13:40 ` [PATCH 4.9 92/92] x86/microcode: Do the family check first Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-09 17:36 ` [PATCH 4.9 00/92] 4.9.81-stable review kernelci.org bot
2018-02-09 20:18 ` Shuah Khan
2018-02-09 21:32 ` Dan Rue
2018-02-10 15:46 ` Guenter Roeck
2018-02-13  9:36   ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-13 14:30     ` Guenter Roeck
2018-02-13 15:29       ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-17 13:31         ` Yves-Alexis Perez
2018-02-17 13:45           ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2018-02-17 17:35             ` Guenter Roeck
2018-02-18 17:25               ` Yves-Alexis Perez
2018-02-20 10:40               ` Greg Kroah-Hartman

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