[PATCH 1/3] arm64: implement ftrace with regs

Torsten Duwe
2018-08-10T16:02:18Z

Check for compiler support of -fpatchable-function-entry and use it
to intercept functions immediately on entry, saving the LR in x9.
Disable ftracing in efi/libstub, because this triggers cross-section
linker errors now (-pg used to be disabled already).
Add an ftrace_caller which can handle LR in x9.
This code has successfully passed the FTRACE_STARTUP_TEST.

Signed-off-by: Torsten Duwe <duwe@suse.de>

--- a/arch/arm64/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/arm64/Kconfig
@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@ config ARM64
select HAVE_DEBUG_KMEMLEAK
select HAVE_DMA_CONTIGUOUS
select HAVE_DYNAMIC_FTRACE
+ select HAVE_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS
select HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS
select HAVE_FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD
select HAVE_FUNCTION_TRACER
--- a/arch/arm64/Makefile
+++ b/arch/arm64/Makefile
@@ -78,6 +78,15 @@ ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARM64_MODULE_PLTS),y)
KBUILD_LDFLAGS_MODULE += -T $(srctree)/arch/arm64/kernel/module.lds
endif

+ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS
+ CC_FLAGS_FTRACE := -fpatchable-function-entry=2
+ KBUILD_CPPFLAGS += -DCC_USING_PATCHABLE_FUNCTION_ENTRY
+ ifeq ($(call cc-option,-fpatchable-function-entry=2),)
+ $(warning Cannot use CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS: \
+ -fpatchable-function-entry not supported by compiler)
+ endif
+endif
+
# Default value
head-y := arch/arm64/kernel/head.o

--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/ftrace.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/ftrace.h
@@ -16,6 +16,14 @@
#define MCOUNT_ADDR ((unsigned long)_mcount)
#define MCOUNT_INSN_SIZE AARCH64_INSN_SIZE

+#ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS
+#define ARCH_SUPPORTS_FTRACE_OPS 1
+#define REC_IP_BRANCH_OFFSET 4
+#define FTRACE_REGS_ADDR FTRACE_ADDR
+#else
+#define REC_IP_BRANCH_OFFSET 0
+#endif
+
#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
#include <linux/compat.h>

--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/Makefile
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ CPPFLAGS_vmlinux.lds := -DTEXT_OFFSET=$(
AFLAGS_head.o := -DTEXT_OFFSET=$(TEXT_OFFSET)
CFLAGS_armv8_deprecated.o := -I$(src)

-CFLAGS_REMOVE_ftrace.o = -pg
-CFLAGS_REMOVE_insn.o = -pg
-CFLAGS_REMOVE_return_address.o = -pg
+CFLAGS_REMOVE_ftrace.o = -pg $(CC_FLAGS_FTRACE)
+CFLAGS_REMOVE_insn.o = -pg $(CC_FLAGS_FTRACE)
+CFLAGS_REMOVE_return_address.o = -pg $(CC_FLAGS_FTRACE)

# Object file lists.
arm64-obj-y := debug-monitors.o entry.o irq.o fpsimd.o \
--- a/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/Makefile
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@
-fPIC -fno-strict-aliasing -mno-red-zone \
-mno-mmx -mno-sse -fshort-wchar

-cflags-$(CONFIG_ARM64) := $(subst -pg,,$(KBUILD_CFLAGS)) -fpie
+cflags-$(CONFIG_ARM64) := $(filter-out -pg $(CC_FLAGS_FTRACE)\
+ ,$(KBUILD_CFLAGS)) -fpie
cflags-$(CONFIG_ARM) := $(subst -pg,,$(KBUILD_CFLAGS)) \
-fno-builtin -fpic -mno-single-pic-base

--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/entry-ftrace.S
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/entry-ftrace.S
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
#include <asm/assembler.h>
#include <asm/ftrace.h>
#include <asm/insn.h>
+#include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
+#include <asm/assembler.h>

/*
* Gcc with -pg will put the following code in the beginning of each function:
@@ -123,6 +125,7 @@ skip_ftrace_call: // }
ENDPROC(_mcount)

#else /* CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE */
+#ifndef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS
/*
* _mcount() is used to build the kernel with -pg option, but all the branch
* instructions to _mcount() are replaced to NOP initially at kernel start up,
@@ -162,6 +165,84 @@ ftrace_graph_call: // ftrace_graph_cal

mcount_exit
ENDPROC(ftrace_caller)
+#else /* CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS */
+ENTRY(_mcount)
+ mov x10, lr
+ mov lr, x9
+ ret x10
+ENDPROC(_mcount)
+
+ENTRY(ftrace_caller)
+ stp x29, x9, [sp, #-16]!
+ sub sp, sp, #S_FRAME_SIZE
+
+ stp x0, x1, [sp]
+ stp x2, x3, [sp, #16]
+ stp x4, x5, [sp, #32]
+ stp x6, x7, [sp, #48]
+ stp x8, x9, [sp, #64]
+ stp x10, x11, [sp, #80]
+ stp x12, x13, [sp, #96]
+ stp x14, x15, [sp, #112]
+ stp x16, x17, [sp, #128]
+ stp x18, x19, [sp, #144]
+ stp x20, x21, [sp, #160]
+ stp x22, x23, [sp, #176]
+ stp x24, x25, [sp, #192]
+ stp x26, x27, [sp, #208]
+ stp x28, x29, [sp, #224]
+ /* The link Register at callee entry */
+ str x9, [sp, #S_LR]
+ /* The program counter just after the ftrace call site */
+ str lr, [sp, #S_PC]
+ /* The stack pointer as it was on ftrace_caller entry... */
+ add x29, sp, #S_FRAME_SIZE+16 /* ...is also our new FP */
+ str x29, [sp, #S_SP]
+
+ adrp x0, function_trace_op
+ ldr x2, [x0, #:lo12:function_trace_op]
+ mov x1, x9 /* saved LR == parent IP */
+ sub x0, lr, #8 /* function entry == IP */
+ mov x3, sp /* complete pt_regs are @sp */
+
+ .global ftrace_call
+ftrace_call:
+
+ bl ftrace_stub
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_GRAPH_TRACER
+ .global ftrace_graph_call
+ftrace_graph_call: // ftrace_graph_caller();
+ nop // If enabled, this will be replaced
+ // "b ftrace_graph_caller"
+#endif
+
+ftrace_regs_return:
+ ldp x0, x1, [sp]
+ ldp x2, x3, [sp, #16]
+ ldp x4, x5, [sp, #32]
+ ldp x6, x7, [sp, #48]
+ ldp x8, x9, [sp, #64]
+ ldp x10, x11, [sp, #80]
+ ldp x12, x13, [sp, #96]
+ ldp x14, x15, [sp, #112]
+ ldp x16, x17, [sp, #128]
+ ldp x18, x19, [sp, #144]
+ ldp x20, x21, [sp, #160]
+ ldp x22, x23, [sp, #176]
+ ldp x24, x25, [sp, #192]
+ ldp x26, x27, [sp, #208]
+ ldp x28, x29, [sp, #224]
+
+ ldr x9, [sp, #S_PC]
+ ldr lr, [sp, #S_LR]
+ add sp, sp, #S_FRAME_SIZE+16
+
+ ret x9
+
+ENDPROC(ftrace_caller)
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS */
#endif /* CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE */

ENTRY(ftrace_stub)
@@ -197,12 +278,20 @@ ENDPROC(ftrace_stub)
* and run return_to_handler() later on its exit.
*/
ENTRY(ftrace_graph_caller)
+#ifndef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS
mcount_get_lr_addr x0 // pointer to function's saved lr
mcount_get_pc x1 // function's pc
mcount_get_parent_fp x2 // parent's fp
bl prepare_ftrace_return // prepare_ftrace_return(&lr, pc, fp)

mcount_exit
+#else
+ add x0, sp, #S_LR /* address of (LR pointing into caller) */
+ ldr x1, [sp, #S_PC]
+ ldr x2, [sp, #232] /* caller's frame pointer */
+ bl prepare_ftrace_return
+ b ftrace_regs_return
+#endif
ENDPROC(ftrace_graph_caller)

/*
--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/ftrace.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/ftrace.c
@@ -70,7 +70,8 @@ int ftrace_update_ftrace_func(ftrace_fun
*/
int ftrace_make_call(struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long addr)
{
- unsigned long pc = rec->ip;
+ unsigned long pc = rec->ip+REC_IP_BRANCH_OFFSET;
+ int ret;
u32 old, new;
long offset = (long)pc - (long)addr;

@@ -127,23 +128,51 @@ int ftrace_make_call(struct dyn_ftrace *
#endif /* CONFIG_ARM64_MODULE_PLTS */
}

- old = aarch64_insn_gen_nop();
+#ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS
+ old = aarch64_insn_gen_nop();
+ new = 0xaa1e03e9; /* mov x9,x30 */
+ ret = ftrace_modify_code(pc-REC_IP_BRANCH_OFFSET, old, new, true);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+ smp_wmb(); /* ensure LR saver is in place before ftrace call */
+#endif
new = aarch64_insn_gen_branch_imm(pc, addr, AARCH64_INSN_BRANCH_LINK);

return ftrace_modify_code(pc, old, new, true);
}

+int ftrace_modify_call(struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long old_addr,
+ unsigned long addr)
+{
+ unsigned long pc = rec->ip+REC_IP_BRANCH_OFFSET;
+ u32 old, new;
+
+ old = aarch64_insn_gen_branch_imm(pc, old_addr, true);
+ new = aarch64_insn_gen_branch_imm(pc, addr, true);
+
+ return ftrace_modify_code(pc, old, new, true);
+}
+
/*
* Turn off the call to ftrace_caller() in instrumented function
*/
int ftrace_make_nop(struct module *mod, struct dyn_ftrace *rec,
unsigned long addr)
{
- unsigned long pc = rec->ip;
+ unsigned long pc = rec->ip+REC_IP_BRANCH_OFFSET;
bool validate = true;
+ int ret;
u32 old = 0, new;
long offset = (long)pc - (long)addr;

+#ifdef CC_USING_PATCHABLE_FUNCTION_ENTRY
+ /* -fpatchable-function-entry= does not generate a profiling call
+ * initially; the NOPs are already there.
+ */
+ if (addr == MCOUNT_ADDR)
+ return 0;
+#endif
+
if (offset < -SZ_128M || offset >= SZ_128M) {
#ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_MODULE_PLTS
u32 replaced;
@@ -188,7 +218,16 @@ int ftrace_make_nop(struct module *mod,

new = aarch64_insn_gen_nop();

- return ftrace_modify_code(pc, old, new, validate);
+ ret = ftrace_modify_code(pc, old, new, validate);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+#ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS
+ smp_wmb(); /* ftrace call must not remain without LR saver. */
+ old = 0xaa1e03e9; /* mov x9,x30 */
+ new = aarch64_insn_gen_nop();
+ ret = ftrace_modify_code(pc-REC_IP_BRANCH_OFFSET, old, new, true);
+#endif
+ return ret;
}

void arch_ftrace_update_code(int command)
--- a/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
+++ b/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@
#define MCOUNT_REC() . = ALIGN(8); \
__start_mcount_loc = .; \
KEEP(*(__mcount_loc)) \
+ KEEP(*(__patchable_function_entries)) \
__stop_mcount_loc = .;
#else
#define MCOUNT_REC()
--- a/include/linux/compiler_types.h
+++ b/include/linux/compiler_types.h
@@ -61,8 +61,12 @@ extern void __chk_io_ptr(const volatile
#if defined(CC_USING_HOTPATCH) && !defined(__CHECKER__)
#define notrace __attribute__((hotpatch(0,0)))
#else
+#ifdef CC_USING_PATCHABLE_FUNCTION_ENTRY
+#define notrace __attribute__((patchable_function_entry(0)))
+#else
#define notrace __attribute__((no_instrument_function))
#endif
+#endif

/* Intel compiler defines __GNUC__. So we will overwrite implementations
* coming from above header files here