public inbox for linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
From: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
To: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, stable@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Florian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>,
	Sven Auhagen <sven.auhagen@voleatech.de>,
	Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>,
	Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>,
	netfilter-devel@vger.kernel.org, coreteam@netfilter.org,
	netdev@vger.kernel.org, linux-kselftest@vger.kernel.org
Subject: [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 65/99] netfilter: nat: fix icmp id randomization
Date: Tue,  7 May 2019 01:31:59 -0400	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20190507053235.29900-65-sashal@kernel.org> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20190507053235.29900-1-sashal@kernel.org>

From: Florian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>

[ Upstream commit 5bdac418f33f60b07a34e01e722889140ee8fac9 ]

Sven Auhagen reported that a 2nd ping request will fail if 'fully-random'
mode is used.

Reason is that if no proto information is given, min/max are both 0,
so we set the icmp id to 0 instead of chosing a random value between
0 and 65535.

Update test case as well to catch this, without fix this yields:
[..]
ERROR: cannot ping ns1 from ns2 with ip masquerade fully-random (attempt 2)
ERROR: cannot ping ns1 from ns2 with ipv6 masquerade fully-random (attempt 2)

... becaus 2nd ping clashes with existing 'id 0' icmp conntrack and gets
dropped.

Fixes: 203f2e78200c27e ("netfilter: nat: remove l4proto->unique_tuple")
Reported-by: Sven Auhagen <sven.auhagen@voleatech.de>
Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
 net/netfilter/nf_nat_core.c                  | 11 ++++--
 tools/testing/selftests/netfilter/nft_nat.sh | 36 +++++++++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/net/netfilter/nf_nat_core.c b/net/netfilter/nf_nat_core.c
index d159e9e7835b..ade527565127 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nf_nat_core.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/nf_nat_core.c
@@ -358,9 +358,14 @@ static void nf_nat_l4proto_unique_tuple(struct nf_conntrack_tuple *tuple,
 	case IPPROTO_ICMPV6:
 		/* id is same for either direction... */
 		keyptr = &tuple->src.u.icmp.id;
-		min = range->min_proto.icmp.id;
-		range_size = ntohs(range->max_proto.icmp.id) -
-			     ntohs(range->min_proto.icmp.id) + 1;
+		if (!(range->flags & NF_NAT_RANGE_PROTO_SPECIFIED)) {
+			min = 0;
+			range_size = 65536;
+		} else {
+			min = ntohs(range->min_proto.icmp.id);
+			range_size = ntohs(range->max_proto.icmp.id) -
+				     ntohs(range->min_proto.icmp.id) + 1;
+		}
 		goto find_free_id;
 #if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NF_CT_PROTO_GRE)
 	case IPPROTO_GRE:
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/netfilter/nft_nat.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/netfilter/nft_nat.sh
index 8ec76681605c..3194007cf8d1 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/netfilter/nft_nat.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/netfilter/nft_nat.sh
@@ -321,6 +321,7 @@ EOF
 
 test_masquerade6()
 {
+	local natflags=$1
 	local lret=0
 
 	ip netns exec ns0 sysctl net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1 > /dev/null
@@ -354,13 +355,13 @@ ip netns exec ns0 nft -f - <<EOF
 table ip6 nat {
 	chain postrouting {
 		type nat hook postrouting priority 0; policy accept;
-		meta oif veth0 masquerade
+		meta oif veth0 masquerade $natflags
 	}
 }
 EOF
 	ip netns exec ns2 ping -q -c 1 dead:1::99 > /dev/null # ping ns2->ns1
 	if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
-		echo "ERROR: cannot ping ns1 from ns2 with active ipv6 masquerading"
+		echo "ERROR: cannot ping ns1 from ns2 with active ipv6 masquerade $natflags"
 		lret=1
 	fi
 
@@ -397,19 +398,26 @@ EOF
 		fi
 	done
 
+	ip netns exec ns2 ping -q -c 1 dead:1::99 > /dev/null # ping ns2->ns1
+	if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
+		echo "ERROR: cannot ping ns1 from ns2 with active ipv6 masquerade $natflags (attempt 2)"
+		lret=1
+	fi
+
 	ip netns exec ns0 nft flush chain ip6 nat postrouting
 	if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
 		echo "ERROR: Could not flush ip6 nat postrouting" 1>&2
 		lret=1
 	fi
 
-	test $lret -eq 0 && echo "PASS: IPv6 masquerade for ns2"
+	test $lret -eq 0 && echo "PASS: IPv6 masquerade $natflags for ns2"
 
 	return $lret
 }
 
 test_masquerade()
 {
+	local natflags=$1
 	local lret=0
 
 	ip netns exec ns0 sysctl net.ipv4.conf.veth0.forwarding=1 > /dev/null
@@ -417,7 +425,7 @@ test_masquerade()
 
 	ip netns exec ns2 ping -q -c 1 10.0.1.99 > /dev/null # ping ns2->ns1
 	if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
-		echo "ERROR: canot ping ns1 from ns2"
+		echo "ERROR: cannot ping ns1 from ns2 $natflags"
 		lret=1
 	fi
 
@@ -443,13 +451,13 @@ ip netns exec ns0 nft -f - <<EOF
 table ip nat {
 	chain postrouting {
 		type nat hook postrouting priority 0; policy accept;
-		meta oif veth0 masquerade
+		meta oif veth0 masquerade $natflags
 	}
 }
 EOF
 	ip netns exec ns2 ping -q -c 1 10.0.1.99 > /dev/null # ping ns2->ns1
 	if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
-		echo "ERROR: cannot ping ns1 from ns2 with active ip masquerading"
+		echo "ERROR: cannot ping ns1 from ns2 with active ip masquere $natflags"
 		lret=1
 	fi
 
@@ -485,13 +493,19 @@ EOF
 		fi
 	done
 
+	ip netns exec ns2 ping -q -c 1 10.0.1.99 > /dev/null # ping ns2->ns1
+	if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
+		echo "ERROR: cannot ping ns1 from ns2 with active ip masquerade $natflags (attempt 2)"
+		lret=1
+	fi
+
 	ip netns exec ns0 nft flush chain ip nat postrouting
 	if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
 		echo "ERROR: Could not flush nat postrouting" 1>&2
 		lret=1
 	fi
 
-	test $lret -eq 0 && echo "PASS: IP masquerade for ns2"
+	test $lret -eq 0 && echo "PASS: IP masquerade $natflags for ns2"
 
 	return $lret
 }
@@ -750,8 +764,12 @@ test_local_dnat
 test_local_dnat6
 
 reset_counters
-test_masquerade
-test_masquerade6
+test_masquerade ""
+test_masquerade6 ""
+
+reset_counters
+test_masquerade "fully-random"
+test_masquerade6 "fully-random"
 
 reset_counters
 test_redirect
-- 
2.20.1


  parent reply	other threads:[~2019-05-07  5:34 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 101+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2019-05-07  5:30 [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 01/99] iio: adc: xilinx: fix potential use-after-free on remove Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:30 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 02/99] iio: adc: xilinx: fix potential use-after-free on probe Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:30 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 03/99] iio: adc: xilinx: prevent touching unclocked h/w on remove Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:30 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 04/99] acpi/nfit: Always dump _DSM output payload Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:30 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 05/99] libnvdimm/namespace: Fix a potential NULL pointer dereference Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 06/99] HID: input: add mapping for Expose/Overview key Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 07/99] HID: input: add mapping for keyboard Brightness Up/Down/Toggle keys Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 08/99] HID: input: add mapping for "Toggle Display" key Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 09/99] libnvdimm/btt: Fix a kmemdup failure check Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 10/99] s390/dasd: Fix capacity calculation for large volumes Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 11/99] mac80211: fix unaligned access in mesh table hash function Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 12/99] mac80211: Increase MAX_MSG_LEN Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 13/99] cfg80211: Handle WMM rules in regulatory domain intersection Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 14/99] mac80211: fix memory accounting with A-MSDU aggregation Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 15/99] nl80211: Add NL80211_FLAG_CLEAR_SKB flag for other NL commands Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 16/99] libnvdimm/security: provide fix for secure-erase to use zero-key Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 17/99] Input: snvs_pwrkey - initialize necessary driver data before enabling IRQ Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 18/99] libnvdimm/pmem: fix a possible OOB access when read and write pmem Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 19/99] tools/testing/nvdimm: Retain security state after overwrite Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 20/99] mac80211: Honor SW_CRYPTO_CONTROL for unicast keys in AP VLAN mode Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 21/99] s390/3270: fix lockdep false positive on view->lock Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 22/99] drm/ttm: fix dma_fence refcount imbalance on error path Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 23/99] drm/amd/display: extending AUX SW Timeout Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 24/99] clocksource/drivers/npcm: select TIMER_OF Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 25/99] clocksource/drivers/oxnas: Fix OX820 compatible Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 26/99] selftests: fib_tests: Fix 'Command line is not complete' errors Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 27/99] drm/amdgpu: shadow in shadow_list without tbo.mem.start cause page fault in sriov TDR Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 28/99] mISDN: Check address length before reading address family Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 29/99] vxge: fix return of a free'd memblock on a failed dma mapping Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 30/99] qede: fix write to free'd pointer error and double free of ptp Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 31/99] afs: Unlock pages for __pagevec_release() Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 32/99] afs: Fix in-progess ops to ignore server-level callback invalidation Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 33/99] bfq: update internal depth state when queue depth changes Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 34/99] qed: Delete redundant doorbell recovery types Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 35/99] qed: Fix the doorbell address sanity check Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 36/99] qed: Fix missing DORQ attentions Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 37/99] qed: Fix the DORQ's attentions handling Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 38/99] drm/amd/display: If one stream full updates, full update all planes Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 39/99] s390/pkey: add one more argument space for debug feature entry Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 40/99] x86/build/lto: Fix truncated .bss with -fdata-sections Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 41/99] x86/mm: Prevent bogus warnings with "noexec=off" Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 42/99] x86/reboot, efi: Use EFI reboot for Acer TravelMate X514-51T Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 43/99] x86/mm/tlb: Revert "x86/mm: Align TLB invalidation info" Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 44/99] KVM: nVMX: always use early vmcs check when EPT is disabled Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 45/99] KVM: x86: Raise #GP when guest vCPU do not support PMU Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 46/99] KVM: nVMX: Expose RDPMC-exiting only when guest supports PMU Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 47/99] KVM: fix spectrev1 gadgets Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 48/99] KVM: x86: avoid misreporting level-triggered irqs as edge-triggered in tracing Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 49/99] tools lib traceevent: Fix missing equality check for strcmp Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 50/99] perf top: Always sample time to satisfy needs of use of ordered queuing Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 51/99] ipmi: ipmi_si_hardcode.c: init si_type array to fix a crash Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 52/99] ocelot: Don't sleep in atomic context (irqs_disabled()) Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 53/99] perf tools: Fix map reference counting Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 54/99] x86/mm/KASLR: Fix the size of the direct mapping section Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 55/99] scsi: aic7xxx: fix EISA support Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 56/99] slab: store tagged freelist for off-slab slabmgmt Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 57/99] mm/hotplug: treat CMA pages as unmovable Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 58/99] mm: fix inactive list balancing between NUMA nodes and cgroups Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 59/99] init: initialize jump labels before command line option parsing Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 60/99] drm: bridge: dw-hdmi: Fix overflow workaround for Rockchip SoCs Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 61/99] selftests: netfilter: check icmp pkttoobig errors are set as related Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 62/99] ipvs: do not schedule icmp errors from tunnels Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 63/99] netfilter: ctnetlink: don't use conntrack/expect object addresses as id Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 64/99] netfilter: nf_tables: prevent shift wrap in nft_chain_parse_hook() Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:31 ` Sasha Levin [this message]
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 66/99] MIPS: perf: ath79: Fix perfcount IRQ assignment Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 67/99] IB/mlx5: Fix scatter to CQE in DCT QP creation Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 68/99] s390: ctcm: fix ctcm_new_device error return code Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 69/99] drm/sun4i: Set device driver data at bind time for use in unbind Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 70/99] drm/sun4i: Fix component unbinding and component master deletion Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 71/99] of_net: Fix residues after of_get_nvmem_mac_address removal Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 72/99] selftests/net: correct the return value for run_netsocktests Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 73/99] selftests/net: correct the return value for run_afpackettests Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 74/99] netfilter: never get/set skb->tstamp Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 75/99] netfilter: fix nf_l4proto_log_invalid to log invalid packets Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 76/99] dmaengine: bcm2835: Avoid GFP_KERNEL in device_prep_slave_sg Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 77/99] arm64/module: ftrace: deal with place relative nature of PLTs Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 78/99] gpu: ipu-v3: dp: fix CSC handling Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 79/99] drm/imx: don't skip DP channel disable for background plane Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 80/99] ARM: fix function graph tracer and unwinder dependencies Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 81/99] ARM: 8856/1: NOMMU: Fix CCR register faulty initialization when MPU is disabled Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 82/99] spi: Micrel eth switch: declare missing of table Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 83/99] spi: ST ST95HF NFC: " Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 84/99] ceph: handle the case where a dentry has been renamed on outstanding req Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 85/99] Revert "drm/virtio: drop prime import/export callbacks" Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 86/99] x86/mm: Fix a crash with kmemleak_scan() Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 87/99] drm/sun4i: Unbind components before releasing DRM and memory Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 88/99] Input: snvs_pwrkey - make it depend on ARCH_MXC Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 89/99] Input: synaptics-rmi4 - fix possible double free Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 90/99] net: vrf: Fix operation not supported when set vrf mac Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 91/99] gpio: Fix gpiochip_add_data_with_key() error path Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 92/99] btrfs: Switch memory allocations in async csum calculation path to kvmalloc Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  7:49   ` David Sterba
2019-05-13 13:37     ` Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 93/99] RDMA/hns: Bugfix for mapping user db Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 94/99] mm/memory_hotplug.c: drop memory device reference after find_memory_block() Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 95/99] mm/page_alloc.c: avoid potential NULL pointer dereference Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 96/99] bpf: only test gso type on gso packets Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 97/99] net: sched: fix cleanup NULL pointer exception in act_mirr Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 98/99] net: mvpp2: fix validate for PPv2.1 Sasha Levin
2019-05-07  5:32 ` [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.0 99/99] drm/rockchip: fix for mailbox read validation Sasha Levin

Reply instructions:

You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:

* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
  and reply-to-all from there: mbox

  Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style

* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
  switches of git-send-email(1):

  git send-email \
    --in-reply-to=20190507053235.29900-65-sashal@kernel.org \
    --to=sashal@kernel.org \
    --cc=coreteam@netfilter.org \
    --cc=fw@strlen.de \
    --cc=linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-kselftest@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=netdev@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=netfilter-devel@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=pablo@netfilter.org \
    --cc=stable@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=sven.auhagen@voleatech.de \
    /path/to/YOUR_REPLY

  https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html

* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
  via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line before the message body.
This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox