From: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
To: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: x86@kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
rostedt@goodmis.org, mhiramat@kernel.org, bristot@redhat.com,
jbaron@akamai.com, torvalds@linux-foundation.org,
tglx@linutronix.de, mingo@kernel.org, namit@vmware.com,
hpa@zytor.com, luto@kernel.org, ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org,
jeyu@kernel.org, heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com
Subject: Re: [PATCH v4 15/16] module: Move where we mark modules RO,X
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2019 18:11:35 +0200 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <20191021161135.GD19358@hirez.programming.kicks-ass.net> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20191021153425.GB19358@hirez.programming.kicks-ass.net>
On Mon, Oct 21, 2019 at 05:34:25PM +0200, Peter Zijlstra wrote:
> On Mon, Oct 21, 2019 at 04:14:02PM +0200, Peter Zijlstra wrote:
> So On IRC Josh suggested we use text_poke() for RELA. Since KLP is only
> available on Power and x86, and Power does not have STRICT_MODULE_RWX,
> the below should be sufficient.
>
> Completely untested...
And because s390 also has: HAVE_LIVEPATCH and STRICT_MODULE_RWX the even
less tested s390 bits included below.
Heiko, apologies if I completely wrecked it.
The purpose is to remove module_disable_ro()/module_enable_ro() from
livepatch/core.c such that:
- nothing relies on where in the module loading path module text goes RX.
- nothing ever has writable text
> ---
> arch/x86/kernel/module.c | 40 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
> include/linux/livepatch.h | 7 +++++++
> kernel/livepatch/core.c | 14 ++++++++++----
> 3 files changed, 50 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/module.c b/arch/x86/kernel/module.c
> index d5c72cb877b3..76fa2c5f2d7b 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kernel/module.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/module.c
> @@ -126,11 +126,12 @@ int apply_relocate(Elf32_Shdr *sechdrs,
> return 0;
> }
> #else /*X86_64*/
> -int apply_relocate_add(Elf64_Shdr *sechdrs,
> +int __apply_relocate_add(Elf64_Shdr *sechdrs,
> const char *strtab,
> unsigned int symindex,
> unsigned int relsec,
> - struct module *me)
> + struct module *me,
> + void *(*write)(void *addr, const void *val, size_t size))
> {
> unsigned int i;
> Elf64_Rela *rel = (void *)sechdrs[relsec].sh_addr;
> @@ -162,19 +163,19 @@ int apply_relocate_add(Elf64_Shdr *sechdrs,
> case R_X86_64_64:
> if (*(u64 *)loc != 0)
> goto invalid_relocation;
> - *(u64 *)loc = val;
> + write(loc, &val, 8);
> break;
> case R_X86_64_32:
> if (*(u32 *)loc != 0)
> goto invalid_relocation;
> - *(u32 *)loc = val;
> + write(loc, &val, 4);
> if (val != *(u32 *)loc)
> goto overflow;
> break;
> case R_X86_64_32S:
> if (*(s32 *)loc != 0)
> goto invalid_relocation;
> - *(s32 *)loc = val;
> + write(loc, &val, 4);
> if ((s64)val != *(s32 *)loc)
> goto overflow;
> break;
> @@ -183,7 +184,7 @@ int apply_relocate_add(Elf64_Shdr *sechdrs,
> if (*(u32 *)loc != 0)
> goto invalid_relocation;
> val -= (u64)loc;
> - *(u32 *)loc = val;
> + write(loc, &val, 4);
> #if 0
> if ((s64)val != *(s32 *)loc)
> goto overflow;
> @@ -193,7 +194,7 @@ int apply_relocate_add(Elf64_Shdr *sechdrs,
> if (*(u64 *)loc != 0)
> goto invalid_relocation;
> val -= (u64)loc;
> - *(u64 *)loc = val;
> + write(loc, &val, 8);
> break;
> default:
> pr_err("%s: Unknown rela relocation: %llu\n",
> @@ -215,6 +216,31 @@ int apply_relocate_add(Elf64_Shdr *sechdrs,
> me->name);
> return -ENOEXEC;
> }
> +
> +int apply_relocate_add(Elf64_Shdr *sechdrs,
> + const char *strtab,
> + unsigned int symindex,
> + unsigned int relsec,
> + struct module *me)
> +{
> + return __apply_relocate_add(sechdrs, strtab, symindex, relsec, me, memcpy);
> +}
> +
> +int klp_apply_relocate_add(Elf64_Shdr *sechdrs,
> + const char *strtab,
> + unsigned int symindex,
> + unsigned int relsec,
> + struct module *me)
> +{
> + int ret;
> +
> + ret = __apply_relocate_add(sechdrs, strtab, symindex, relsec, me, text_poke);
> + if (!ret)
> + text_poke_sync();
> +
> + return ret;
> +}
> +
> #endif
>
> int module_finalize(const Elf_Ehdr *hdr,
> diff --git a/include/linux/livepatch.h b/include/linux/livepatch.h
> index 273400814020..5b8c10871b70 100644
> --- a/include/linux/livepatch.h
> +++ b/include/linux/livepatch.h
> @@ -217,6 +217,13 @@ void *klp_shadow_get_or_alloc(void *obj, unsigned long id,
> void klp_shadow_free(void *obj, unsigned long id, klp_shadow_dtor_t dtor);
> void klp_shadow_free_all(unsigned long id, klp_shadow_dtor_t dtor);
>
> +
> +extern int klp_apply_relocate_add(Elf64_Shdr *sechdrs,
> + const char *strtab,
> + unsigned int symindex,
> + unsigned int relsec,
> + struct module *me);
> +
> #else /* !CONFIG_LIVEPATCH */
>
> static inline int klp_module_coming(struct module *mod) { return 0; }
> diff --git a/kernel/livepatch/core.c b/kernel/livepatch/core.c
> index ab4a4606d19b..e690519aba31 100644
> --- a/kernel/livepatch/core.c
> +++ b/kernel/livepatch/core.c
> @@ -245,6 +245,15 @@ static int klp_resolve_symbols(Elf_Shdr *relasec, struct module *pmod)
> return 0;
> }
>
> +int __weak klp_apply_relocate_add(Elf64_Shdr *sechdrs,
> + const char *strtab,
> + unsigned int symindex,
> + unsigned int relsec,
> + struct module *me)
> +{
> + apply_relocate_add(sechdrs, strtab, symindex, relsec, me);
> +}
> +
> static int klp_write_object_relocations(struct module *pmod,
> struct klp_object *obj)
> {
> @@ -285,7 +294,7 @@ static int klp_write_object_relocations(struct module *pmod,
> if (ret)
> break;
>
> - ret = apply_relocate_add(pmod->klp_info->sechdrs,
> + ret = klp_apply_relocate_add(pmod->klp_info->sechdrs,
> pmod->core_kallsyms.strtab,
> pmod->klp_info->symndx, i, pmod);
> if (ret)
> @@ -721,16 +730,13 @@ static int klp_init_object_loaded(struct klp_patch *patch,
>
> mutex_lock(&text_mutex);
>
> - module_disable_ro(patch->mod);
> ret = klp_write_object_relocations(patch->mod, obj);
> if (ret) {
> - module_enable_ro(patch->mod, true);
> mutex_unlock(&text_mutex);
> return ret;
> }
>
> arch_klp_init_object_loaded(patch, obj);
> - module_enable_ro(patch->mod, true);
>
> mutex_unlock(&text_mutex);
>
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/module.c b/arch/s390/kernel/module.c
index ba8f19bb438b..5f3443098172 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/module.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/module.c
@@ -174,7 +174,8 @@ int module_frob_arch_sections(Elf_Ehdr *hdr, Elf_Shdr *sechdrs,
}
static int apply_rela_bits(Elf_Addr loc, Elf_Addr val,
- int sign, int bits, int shift)
+ int sign, int bits, int shift.
+ void (*write)(void *addr, const char *data, size_t len))
{
unsigned long umax;
long min, max;
@@ -194,26 +195,29 @@ static int apply_rela_bits(Elf_Addr loc, Elf_Addr val,
return -ENOEXEC;
}
- if (bits == 8)
- *(unsigned char *) loc = val;
- else if (bits == 12)
- *(unsigned short *) loc = (val & 0xfff) |
+ if (bits == 8) {
+ write(loc, &val, 1);
+ } else if (bits == 12) {
+ unsigned short tmp = (val & 0xfff) |
(*(unsigned short *) loc & 0xf000);
- else if (bits == 16)
- *(unsigned short *) loc = val;
- else if (bits == 20)
- *(unsigned int *) loc = (val & 0xfff) << 16 |
- (val & 0xff000) >> 4 |
- (*(unsigned int *) loc & 0xf00000ff);
- else if (bits == 32)
- *(unsigned int *) loc = val;
- else if (bits == 64)
- *(unsigned long *) loc = val;
+ write(loc, &tmp, 2);
+ } else if (bits == 16) {
+ write(loc, &val, 2);
+ } else if (bits == 20) {
+ unsigned int tmp = (val & 0xfff) << 16 |
+ (val & 0xff000) >> 4 | (*(unsigned int *) loc & 0xf00000ff);
+ write(loc, &tmp, 4);
+ } else if (bits == 32) {
+ write(loc, &val, 4);
+ } else if (bits == 64) {
+ write(loc, &val, 8);
+ }
return 0;
}
static int apply_rela(Elf_Rela *rela, Elf_Addr base, Elf_Sym *symtab,
- const char *strtab, struct module *me)
+ const char *strtab, struct module *me,
+ void (*write)(void *addr, const void *data, size_t len))
{
struct mod_arch_syminfo *info;
Elf_Addr loc, val;
@@ -241,17 +245,17 @@ static int apply_rela(Elf_Rela *rela, Elf_Addr base, Elf_Sym *symtab,
case R_390_64: /* Direct 64 bit. */
val += rela->r_addend;
if (r_type == R_390_8)
- rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 8, 0);
+ rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 8, 0, write);
else if (r_type == R_390_12)
- rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 12, 0);
+ rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 12, 0, write);
else if (r_type == R_390_16)
- rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 16, 0);
+ rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 16, 0, write);
else if (r_type == R_390_20)
- rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 1, 20, 0);
+ rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 1, 20, 0, write);
else if (r_type == R_390_32)
- rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 32, 0);
+ rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 32, 0, write);
else if (r_type == R_390_64)
- rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 64, 0);
+ rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 64, 0, write);
break;
case R_390_PC16: /* PC relative 16 bit. */
case R_390_PC16DBL: /* PC relative 16 bit shifted by 1. */
@@ -260,15 +264,15 @@ static int apply_rela(Elf_Rela *rela, Elf_Addr base, Elf_Sym *symtab,
case R_390_PC64: /* PC relative 64 bit. */
val += rela->r_addend - loc;
if (r_type == R_390_PC16)
- rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 1, 16, 0);
+ rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 1, 16, 0, write);
else if (r_type == R_390_PC16DBL)
- rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 1, 16, 1);
+ rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 1, 16, 1, write);
else if (r_type == R_390_PC32DBL)
- rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 1, 32, 1);
+ rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 1, 32, 1, write);
else if (r_type == R_390_PC32)
- rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 1, 32, 0);
+ rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 1, 32, 0, write);
else if (r_type == R_390_PC64)
- rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 1, 64, 0);
+ rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 1, 64, 0, write);
break;
case R_390_GOT12: /* 12 bit GOT offset. */
case R_390_GOT16: /* 16 bit GOT offset. */
@@ -293,23 +297,23 @@ static int apply_rela(Elf_Rela *rela, Elf_Addr base, Elf_Sym *symtab,
val = info->got_offset + rela->r_addend;
if (r_type == R_390_GOT12 ||
r_type == R_390_GOTPLT12)
- rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 12, 0);
+ rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 12, 0, write);
else if (r_type == R_390_GOT16 ||
r_type == R_390_GOTPLT16)
- rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 16, 0);
+ rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 16, 0, write);
else if (r_type == R_390_GOT20 ||
r_type == R_390_GOTPLT20)
- rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 1, 20, 0);
+ rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 1, 20, 0, write);
else if (r_type == R_390_GOT32 ||
r_type == R_390_GOTPLT32)
- rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 32, 0);
+ rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 32, 0, write);
else if (r_type == R_390_GOT64 ||
r_type == R_390_GOTPLT64)
- rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 64, 0);
+ rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 64, 0, write);
else if (r_type == R_390_GOTENT ||
r_type == R_390_GOTPLTENT) {
val += (Elf_Addr) me->core_layout.base - loc;
- rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 1, 32, 1);
+ rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 1, 32, 1, write);
}
break;
case R_390_PLT16DBL: /* 16 bit PC rel. PLT shifted by 1. */
@@ -357,17 +361,17 @@ static int apply_rela(Elf_Rela *rela, Elf_Addr base, Elf_Sym *symtab,
val += rela->r_addend - loc;
}
if (r_type == R_390_PLT16DBL)
- rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 1, 16, 1);
+ rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 1, 16, 1, write);
else if (r_type == R_390_PLTOFF16)
- rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 16, 0);
+ rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 16, 0, write);
else if (r_type == R_390_PLT32DBL)
- rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 1, 32, 1);
+ rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 1, 32, 1, write);
else if (r_type == R_390_PLT32 ||
r_type == R_390_PLTOFF32)
- rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 32, 0);
+ rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 32, 0, write);
else if (r_type == R_390_PLT64 ||
r_type == R_390_PLTOFF64)
- rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 64, 0);
+ rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 64, 0, write);
break;
case R_390_GOTOFF16: /* 16 bit offset to GOT. */
case R_390_GOTOFF32: /* 32 bit offset to GOT. */
@@ -375,20 +379,20 @@ static int apply_rela(Elf_Rela *rela, Elf_Addr base, Elf_Sym *symtab,
val = val + rela->r_addend -
((Elf_Addr) me->core_layout.base + me->arch.got_offset);
if (r_type == R_390_GOTOFF16)
- rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 16, 0);
+ rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 16, 0, write);
else if (r_type == R_390_GOTOFF32)
- rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 32, 0);
+ rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 32, 0, write);
else if (r_type == R_390_GOTOFF64)
- rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 64, 0);
+ rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 0, 64, 0, write);
break;
case R_390_GOTPC: /* 32 bit PC relative offset to GOT. */
case R_390_GOTPCDBL: /* 32 bit PC rel. off. to GOT shifted by 1. */
val = (Elf_Addr) me->core_layout.base + me->arch.got_offset +
rela->r_addend - loc;
if (r_type == R_390_GOTPC)
- rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 1, 32, 0);
+ rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 1, 32, 0, write);
else if (r_type == R_390_GOTPCDBL)
- rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 1, 32, 1);
+ rc = apply_rela_bits(loc, val, 1, 32, 1, write);
break;
case R_390_COPY:
case R_390_GLOB_DAT: /* Create GOT entry. */
@@ -412,9 +416,10 @@ static int apply_rela(Elf_Rela *rela, Elf_Addr base, Elf_Sym *symtab,
return 0;
}
-int apply_relocate_add(Elf_Shdr *sechdrs, const char *strtab,
+int __apply_relocate_add(Elf_Shdr *sechdrs, const char *strtab,
unsigned int symindex, unsigned int relsec,
- struct module *me)
+ struct module *me,
+ void (*write)(void *addr, const void *data, size_t len))
{
Elf_Addr base;
Elf_Sym *symtab;
@@ -437,6 +442,25 @@ int apply_relocate_add(Elf_Shdr *sechdrs, const char *strtab,
return 0;
}
+static void memwrite(void *addr, const void *data, size_t len)
+{
+ memcpy(addr, data, len);
+}
+
+int apply_relocate_add(Elf_Shdr *sechdrs, const char *strtab,
+ unsigned int symindex, unsigned int relsec,
+ struct module *me)
+{
+ return __apply_relocate_add(sechdrs, strtab, symindex, relsec, me, memwrite);
+}
+
+int klp_apply_relocate_add(Elf_Shdr *sechdrs, const char *strtab,
+ unsigned int symindex, unsigned int relsec,
+ struct module *me)
+{
+ return __apply_relocate_add(sechdrs, strtab, symindex, relsec, me, s390_kernel_write);
+}
+
int module_finalize(const Elf_Ehdr *hdr,
const Elf_Shdr *sechdrs,
struct module *me)
next prev parent reply other threads:[~2019-10-21 16:12 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 70+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2019-10-18 7:35 [PATCH v4 00/16] Rewrite x86/ftrace to use text_poke (and more) Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-18 7:35 ` [PATCH v4 01/16] x86/alternatives: Teach text_poke_bp() to emulate instructions Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-18 7:35 ` [PATCH v4 02/16] x86/alternatives: Update int3_emulate_push() comment Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-18 7:35 ` [PATCH v4 03/16] x86/alternatives,jump_label: Provide better text_poke() batching interface Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-21 8:48 ` Ingo Molnar
2019-10-21 9:21 ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-18 7:35 ` [PATCH v4 04/16] x86/alternatives: Add and use text_gen_insn() helper Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-18 7:35 ` [PATCH v4 05/16] x86/ftrace: Use text_poke() Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-18 7:35 ` [PATCH v4 06/16] x86/mm: Remove set_kernel_text_r[ow]() Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-18 7:35 ` [PATCH v4 07/16] x86/alternative: Add text_opcode_size() Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-18 7:35 ` [PATCH v4 08/16] x86/ftrace: Use text_gen_insn() Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-18 7:35 ` [PATCH v4 09/16] x86/alternative: Remove text_poke_loc::len Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-21 8:58 ` Ingo Molnar
2019-10-21 9:02 ` Ingo Molnar
2019-10-18 7:35 ` [PATCH v4 10/16] x86/alternative: Shrink text_poke_loc Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-21 9:01 ` Ingo Molnar
2019-10-21 9:25 ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-21 9:33 ` Ingo Molnar
2019-10-18 7:35 ` [PATCH v4 11/16] x86/kprobes: Convert to text-patching.h Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-21 14:57 ` Masami Hiramatsu
2019-10-18 7:35 ` [PATCH v4 12/16] x86/kprobes: Fix ordering Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-22 1:35 ` Masami Hiramatsu
2019-10-22 10:31 ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-18 7:35 ` [PATCH v4 13/16] arm/ftrace: Use __patch_text_real() Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-28 16:25 ` Will Deacon
2019-10-28 16:34 ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-28 16:35 ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-28 16:47 ` Will Deacon
2019-10-28 16:55 ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-18 7:35 ` [PATCH v4 14/16] module: Remove set_all_modules_text_*() Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-18 7:35 ` [PATCH v4 15/16] module: Move where we mark modules RO,X Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-21 13:53 ` Josh Poimboeuf
2019-10-21 14:14 ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-21 15:34 ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-21 15:44 ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-21 16:11 ` Peter Zijlstra [this message]
2019-10-22 11:31 ` Heiko Carstens
2019-10-22 12:31 ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-23 11:48 ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-23 15:16 ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-23 17:15 ` Josh Poimboeuf
2019-10-24 10:59 ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-24 18:31 ` Josh Poimboeuf
2019-10-24 20:33 ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-23 17:00 ` Josh Poimboeuf
2019-10-24 13:16 ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-25 6:44 ` Petr Mladek
2019-10-25 8:43 ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-25 10:06 ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-25 13:50 ` Josh Poimboeuf
2019-10-26 1:17 ` Josh Poimboeuf
2019-10-28 10:07 ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-28 10:43 ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-25 9:16 ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-22 2:21 ` Steven Rostedt
2019-10-22 20:24 ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-22 20:40 ` Steven Rostedt
2019-10-23 9:07 ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-23 18:52 ` Steven Rostedt
2019-10-24 10:16 ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-24 10:18 ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-24 15:00 ` Steven Rostedt
2019-10-24 16:43 ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-24 18:17 ` Steven Rostedt
2019-10-24 20:24 ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-24 20:28 ` Steven Rostedt
2019-10-18 7:35 ` [PATCH v4 16/16] ftrace: Merge ftrace_module_{init,enable}() Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-18 8:20 ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-21 9:09 ` [PATCH v4 00/16] Rewrite x86/ftrace to use text_poke (and more) Ingo Molnar
2019-10-21 13:38 ` Steven Rostedt
Reply instructions:
You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:
* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
and reply-to-all from there: mbox
Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style
* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
switches of git-send-email(1):
git send-email \
--in-reply-to=20191021161135.GD19358@hirez.programming.kicks-ass.net \
--to=peterz@infradead.org \
--cc=ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org \
--cc=bristot@redhat.com \
--cc=heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com \
--cc=hpa@zytor.com \
--cc=jbaron@akamai.com \
--cc=jeyu@kernel.org \
--cc=jpoimboe@redhat.com \
--cc=linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=luto@kernel.org \
--cc=mhiramat@kernel.org \
--cc=mingo@kernel.org \
--cc=namit@vmware.com \
--cc=rostedt@goodmis.org \
--cc=tglx@linutronix.de \
--cc=torvalds@linux-foundation.org \
--cc=x86@kernel.org \
/path/to/YOUR_REPLY
https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html
* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line
before the message body.
This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox