[PATCH 4.19 104/115] KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: use smp_mb() when setting/clearing host_ipi flag

Greg Kroah-Hartman
2020-01-07T21:15:38Z

From: Michael Roth <mdroth@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

[ Upstream commit 3a83f677a6eeff65751b29e3648d7c69c3be83f3 ]

On a 2-socket Power9 system with 32 cores/128 threads (SMT4) and 1TB
of memory running the following guest configs:

guest A:
- 224GB of memory
- 56 VCPUs (sockets=1,cores=28,threads=2), where:
VCPUs 0-1 are pinned to CPUs 0-3,
VCPUs 2-3 are pinned to CPUs 4-7,
...
VCPUs 54-55 are pinned to CPUs 108-111

guest B:
- 4GB of memory
- 4 VCPUs (sockets=1,cores=4,threads=1)

with the following workloads (with KSM and THP enabled in all):

guest A:
stress --cpu 40 --io 20 --vm 20 --vm-bytes 512M

guest B:
stress --cpu 4 --io 4 --vm 4 --vm-bytes 512M

host:
stress --cpu 4 --io 4 --vm 2 --vm-bytes 256M

the below soft-lockup traces were observed after an hour or so and
persisted until the host was reset (this was found to be reliably
reproducible for this configuration, for kernels 4.15, 4.18, 5.0,
and 5.3-rc5):

[ 1253.183290] rcu: INFO: rcu_sched self-detected stall on CPU
[ 1253.183319] rcu: 124-....: (5250 ticks this GP) idle=10a/1/0x4000000000000002 softirq=5408/5408 fqs=1941
[ 1256.287426] watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#105 stuck for 23s! [CPU 52/KVM:19709]
[ 1264.075773] watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#24 stuck for 23s! [worker:19913]
[ 1264.079769] watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#31 stuck for 23s! [worker:20331]
[ 1264.095770] watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#45 stuck for 23s! [worker:20338]
[ 1264.131773] watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#64 stuck for 23s! [avocado:19525]
[ 1280.408480] watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#124 stuck for 22s! [ksmd:791]
[ 1316.198012] rcu: INFO: rcu_sched self-detected stall on CPU
[ 1316.198032] rcu: 124-....: (21003 ticks this GP) idle=10a/1/0x4000000000000002 softirq=5408/5408 fqs=8243
[ 1340.411024] watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#124 stuck for 22s! [ksmd:791]
[ 1379.212609] rcu: INFO: rcu_sched self-detected stall on CPU
[ 1379.212629] rcu: 124-....: (36756 ticks this GP) idle=10a/1/0x4000000000000002 softirq=5408/5408 fqs=14714
[ 1404.413615] watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#124 stuck for 22s! [ksmd:791]
[ 1442.227095] rcu: INFO: rcu_sched self-detected stall on CPU
[ 1442.227115] rcu: 124-....: (52509 ticks this GP) idle=10a/1/0x4000000000000002 softirq=5408/5408 fqs=21403
[ 1455.111787] INFO: task worker:19907 blocked for more than 120 seconds.
[ 1455.111822] Tainted: G L 5.3.0-rc5-mdr-vanilla+ #1
[ 1455.111833] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.
[ 1455.111884] INFO: task worker:19908 blocked for more than 120 seconds.
[ 1455.111905] Tainted: G L 5.3.0-rc5-mdr-vanilla+ #1
[ 1455.111925] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.
[ 1455.111966] INFO: task worker:20328 blocked for more than 120 seconds.
[ 1455.111986] Tainted: G L 5.3.0-rc5-mdr-vanilla+ #1
[ 1455.111998] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.
[ 1455.112048] INFO: task worker:20330 blocked for more than 120 seconds.
[ 1455.112068] Tainted: G L 5.3.0-rc5-mdr-vanilla+ #1
[ 1455.112097] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.
[ 1455.112138] INFO: task worker:20332 blocked for more than 120 seconds.
[ 1455.112159] Tainted: G L 5.3.0-rc5-mdr-vanilla+ #1
[ 1455.112179] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.
[ 1455.112210] INFO: task worker:20333 blocked for more than 120 seconds.
[ 1455.112231] Tainted: G L 5.3.0-rc5-mdr-vanilla+ #1
[ 1455.112242] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.
[ 1455.112282] INFO: task worker:20335 blocked for more than 120 seconds.
[ 1455.112303] Tainted: G L 5.3.0-rc5-mdr-vanilla+ #1
[ 1455.112332] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.
[ 1455.112372] INFO: task worker:20336 blocked for more than 120 seconds.
[ 1455.112392] Tainted: G L 5.3.0-rc5-mdr-vanilla+ #1

CPUs 45, 24, and 124 are stuck on spin locks, likely held by
CPUs 105 and 31.

CPUs 105 and 31 are stuck in smp_call_function_many(), waiting on
target CPU 42. For instance:

# CPU 105 registers (via xmon)
R00 = c00000000020b20c R16 = 00007d1bcd800000
R01 = c00000363eaa7970 R17 = 0000000000000001
R02 = c0000000019b3a00 R18 = 000000000000006b
R03 = 000000000000002a R19 = 00007d537d7aecf0
R04 = 000000000000002a R20 = 60000000000000e0
R05 = 000000000000002a R21 = 0801000000000080
R06 = c0002073fb0caa08 R22 = 0000000000000d60
R07 = c0000000019ddd78 R23 = 0000000000000001
R08 = 000000000000002a R24 = c00000000147a700
R09 = 0000000000000001 R25 = c0002073fb0ca908
R10 = c000008ffeb4e660 R26 = 0000000000000000
R11 = c0002073fb0ca900 R27 = c0000000019e2464
R12 = c000000000050790 R28 = c0000000000812b0
R13 = c000207fff623e00 R29 = c0002073fb0ca808
R14 = 00007d1bbee00000 R30 = c0002073fb0ca800
R15 = 00007d1bcd600000 R31 = 0000000000000800
pc = c00000000020b260 smp_call_function_many+0x3d0/0x460
cfar= c00000000020b270 smp_call_function_many+0x3e0/0x460
lr = c00000000020b20c smp_call_function_many+0x37c/0x460
msr = 900000010288b033 cr = 44024824
ctr = c000000000050790 xer = 0000000000000000 trap = 100

CPU 42 is running normally, doing VCPU work:

# CPU 42 stack trace (via xmon)
[link register ] c00800001be17188 kvmppc_book3s_radix_page_fault+0x90/0x2b0 [kvm_hv]
[c000008ed3343820] c000008ed3343850 (unreliable)
[c000008ed33438d0] c00800001be11b6c kvmppc_book3s_hv_page_fault+0x264/0xe30 [kvm_hv]
[c000008ed33439d0] c00800001be0d7b4 kvmppc_vcpu_run_hv+0x8dc/0xb50 [kvm_hv]
[c000008ed3343ae0] c00800001c10891c kvmppc_vcpu_run+0x34/0x48 [kvm]
[c000008ed3343b00] c00800001c10475c kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0x244/0x420 [kvm]
[c000008ed3343b90] c00800001c0f5a78 kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x470/0x7c8 [kvm]
[c000008ed3343d00] c000000000475450 do_vfs_ioctl+0xe0/0xc70
[c000008ed3343db0] c0000000004760e4 ksys_ioctl+0x104/0x120
[c000008ed3343e00] c000000000476128 sys_ioctl+0x28/0x80
[c000008ed3343e20] c00000000000b388 system_call+0x5c/0x70
--- Exception: c00 (System Call) at 00007d545cfd7694
SP (7d53ff7edf50) is in userspace

It was subsequently found that ipi_message[PPC_MSG_CALL_FUNCTION]
was set for CPU 42 by at least 1 of the CPUs waiting in
smp_call_function_many(), but somehow the corresponding
call_single_queue entries were never processed by CPU 42, causing the
callers to spin in csd_lock_wait() indefinitely.

Nick Piggin suggested something similar to the following sequence as
a possible explanation (interleaving of CALL_FUNCTION/RESCHEDULE
IPI messages seems to be most common, but any mix of CALL_FUNCTION and
!CALL_FUNCTION messages could trigger it):

CPU
X: smp_muxed_ipi_set_message():
X: smp_mb()
X: message[RESCHEDULE] = 1
X: doorbell_global_ipi(42):
X: kvmppc_set_host_ipi(42, 1)
X: ppc_msgsnd_sync()/smp_mb()
X: ppc_msgsnd() -> 42
42: doorbell_exception(): // from CPU X
42: ppc_msgsync()
105: smp_muxed_ipi_set_message():
105: smb_mb()
// STORE DEFERRED DUE TO RE-ORDERING
--105: message[CALL_FUNCTION] = 1
| 105: doorbell_global_ipi(42):
| 105: kvmppc_set_host_ipi(42, 1)
| 42: kvmppc_set_host_ipi(42, 0)
| 42: smp_ipi_demux_relaxed()
| 42: // returns to executing guest
| // RE-ORDERED STORE COMPLETES
->105: message[CALL_FUNCTION] = 1
105: ppc_msgsnd_sync()/smp_mb()
105: ppc_msgsnd() -> 42
42: local_paca->kvm_hstate.host_ipi == 0 // IPI ignored
105: // hangs waiting on 42 to process messages/call_single_queue

This can be prevented with an smp_mb() at the beginning of
kvmppc_set_host_ipi(), such that stores to message[<type>] (or other
state indicated by the host_ipi flag) are ordered vs. the store to
to host_ipi.

However, doing so might still allow for the following scenario (not
yet observed):

CPU
X: smp_muxed_ipi_set_message():
X: smp_mb()
X: message[RESCHEDULE] = 1
X: doorbell_global_ipi(42):
X: kvmppc_set_host_ipi(42, 1)
X: ppc_msgsnd_sync()/smp_mb()
X: ppc_msgsnd() -> 42
42: doorbell_exception(): // from CPU X
42: ppc_msgsync()
// STORE DEFERRED DUE TO RE-ORDERING
-- 42: kvmppc_set_host_ipi(42, 0)
| 42: smp_ipi_demux_relaxed()
| 105: smp_muxed_ipi_set_message():
| 105: smb_mb()
| 105: message[CALL_FUNCTION] = 1
| 105: doorbell_global_ipi(42):
| 105: kvmppc_set_host_ipi(42, 1)
| // RE-ORDERED STORE COMPLETES
-> 42: kvmppc_set_host_ipi(42, 0)
42: // returns to executing guest
105: ppc_msgsnd_sync()/smp_mb()
105: ppc_msgsnd() -> 42
42: local_paca->kvm_hstate.host_ipi == 0 // IPI ignored
105: // hangs waiting on 42 to process messages/call_single_queue

Fixing this scenario would require an smp_mb() *after* clearing
host_ipi flag in kvmppc_set_host_ipi() to order the store vs.
subsequent processing of IPI messages.

To handle both cases, this patch splits kvmppc_set_host_ipi() into
separate set/clear functions, where we execute smp_mb() prior to
setting host_ipi flag, and after clearing host_ipi flag. These
functions pair with each other to synchronize the sender and receiver
sides.

With that change in place the above workload ran for 20 hours without
triggering any lock-ups.

Fixes: 755563bc79c7 ("powerpc/powernv: Fixes for hypervisor doorbell handling") # v4.0
Signed-off-by: Michael Roth <mdroth@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20190911223155.16045-1-mdroth@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
arch/powerpc/include/asm/kvm_ppc.h | 100 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-
arch/powerpc/kernel/dbell.c | 6 +-
arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv_rm_xics.c | 2 +-
arch/powerpc/platforms/powernv/smp.c | 2 +-
arch/powerpc/sysdev/xics/icp-native.c | 6 +-
arch/powerpc/sysdev/xics/icp-opal.c | 6 +-
6 files changed, 108 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kvm_ppc.h b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kvm_ppc.h
index e991821dd7fa..a061c3d48c48 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kvm_ppc.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kvm_ppc.h
@@ -458,9 +458,100 @@ static inline u32 kvmppc_get_xics_latch(void)
return xirr;
}

-static inline void kvmppc_set_host_ipi(int cpu, u8 host_ipi)
+/*
+ * To avoid the need to unnecessarily exit fully to the host kernel, an IPI to
+ * a CPU thread that's running/napping inside of a guest is by default regarded
+ * as a request to wake the CPU (if needed) and continue execution within the
+ * guest, potentially to process new state like externally-generated
+ * interrupts or IPIs sent from within the guest itself (e.g. H_PROD/H_IPI).
+ *
+ * To force an exit to the host kernel, kvmppc_set_host_ipi() must be called
+ * prior to issuing the IPI to set the corresponding 'host_ipi' flag in the
+ * target CPU's PACA. To avoid unnecessary exits to the host, this flag should
+ * be immediately cleared via kvmppc_clear_host_ipi() by the IPI handler on
+ * the receiving side prior to processing the IPI work.
+ *
+ * NOTE:
+ *
+ * We currently issue an smp_mb() at the beginning of kvmppc_set_host_ipi().
+ * This is to guard against sequences such as the following:
+ *
+ * CPU
+ * X: smp_muxed_ipi_set_message():
+ * X: smp_mb()
+ * X: message[RESCHEDULE] = 1
+ * X: doorbell_global_ipi(42):
+ * X: kvmppc_set_host_ipi(42)
+ * X: ppc_msgsnd_sync()/smp_mb()
+ * X: ppc_msgsnd() -> 42
+ * 42: doorbell_exception(): // from CPU X
+ * 42: ppc_msgsync()
+ * 105: smp_muxed_ipi_set_message():
+ * 105: smb_mb()
+ * // STORE DEFERRED DUE TO RE-ORDERING
+ * --105: message[CALL_FUNCTION] = 1
+ * | 105: doorbell_global_ipi(42):
+ * | 105: kvmppc_set_host_ipi(42)
+ * | 42: kvmppc_clear_host_ipi(42)
+ * | 42: smp_ipi_demux_relaxed()
+ * | 42: // returns to executing guest
+ * | // RE-ORDERED STORE COMPLETES
+ * ->105: message[CALL_FUNCTION] = 1
+ * 105: ppc_msgsnd_sync()/smp_mb()
+ * 105: ppc_msgsnd() -> 42
+ * 42: local_paca->kvm_hstate.host_ipi == 0 // IPI ignored
+ * 105: // hangs waiting on 42 to process messages/call_single_queue
+ *
+ * We also issue an smp_mb() at the end of kvmppc_clear_host_ipi(). This is
+ * to guard against sequences such as the following (as well as to create
+ * a read-side pairing with the barrier in kvmppc_set_host_ipi()):
+ *
+ * CPU
+ * X: smp_muxed_ipi_set_message():
+ * X: smp_mb()
+ * X: message[RESCHEDULE] = 1
+ * X: doorbell_global_ipi(42):
+ * X: kvmppc_set_host_ipi(42)
+ * X: ppc_msgsnd_sync()/smp_mb()
+ * X: ppc_msgsnd() -> 42
+ * 42: doorbell_exception(): // from CPU X
+ * 42: ppc_msgsync()
+ * // STORE DEFERRED DUE TO RE-ORDERING
+ * -- 42: kvmppc_clear_host_ipi(42)
+ * | 42: smp_ipi_demux_relaxed()
+ * | 105: smp_muxed_ipi_set_message():
+ * | 105: smb_mb()
+ * | 105: message[CALL_FUNCTION] = 1
+ * | 105: doorbell_global_ipi(42):
+ * | 105: kvmppc_set_host_ipi(42)
+ * | // RE-ORDERED STORE COMPLETES
+ * -> 42: kvmppc_clear_host_ipi(42)
+ * 42: // returns to executing guest
+ * 105: ppc_msgsnd_sync()/smp_mb()
+ * 105: ppc_msgsnd() -> 42
+ * 42: local_paca->kvm_hstate.host_ipi == 0 // IPI ignored
+ * 105: // hangs waiting on 42 to process messages/call_single_queue
+ */
+static inline void kvmppc_set_host_ipi(int cpu)
{
- paca_ptrs[cpu]->kvm_hstate.host_ipi = host_ipi;
+ /*
+ * order stores of IPI messages vs. setting of host_ipi flag
+ *
+ * pairs with the barrier in kvmppc_clear_host_ipi()
+ */
+ smp_mb();
+ paca_ptrs[cpu]->kvm_hstate.host_ipi = 1;
+}
+
+static inline void kvmppc_clear_host_ipi(int cpu)
+{
+ paca_ptrs[cpu]->kvm_hstate.host_ipi = 0;
+ /*
+ * order clearing of host_ipi flag vs. processing of IPI messages
+ *
+ * pairs with the barrier in kvmppc_set_host_ipi()
+ */
+ smp_mb();
}

static inline void kvmppc_fast_vcpu_kick(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
@@ -489,7 +580,10 @@ static inline u32 kvmppc_get_xics_latch(void)
return 0;
}

-static inline void kvmppc_set_host_ipi(int cpu, u8 host_ipi)
+static inline void kvmppc_set_host_ipi(int cpu)
+{}
+
+static inline void kvmppc_clear_host_ipi(int cpu)
{}

static inline void kvmppc_fast_vcpu_kick(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/dbell.c b/arch/powerpc/kernel/dbell.c
index b6fe883b1016..5828144555af 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/dbell.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/dbell.c
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ void doorbell_global_ipi(int cpu)
{
u32 tag = get_hard_smp_processor_id(cpu);

- kvmppc_set_host_ipi(cpu, 1);
+ kvmppc_set_host_ipi(cpu);
/* Order previous accesses vs. msgsnd, which is treated as a store */
ppc_msgsnd_sync();
ppc_msgsnd(PPC_DBELL_MSGTYPE, 0, tag);
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ void doorbell_core_ipi(int cpu)
{
u32 tag = cpu_thread_in_core(cpu);

- kvmppc_set_host_ipi(cpu, 1);
+ kvmppc_set_host_ipi(cpu);
/* Order previous accesses vs. msgsnd, which is treated as a store */
ppc_msgsnd_sync();
ppc_msgsnd(PPC_DBELL_MSGTYPE, 0, tag);
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ void doorbell_exception(struct pt_regs *regs)

may_hard_irq_enable();

- kvmppc_set_host_ipi(smp_processor_id(), 0);
+ kvmppc_clear_host_ipi(smp_processor_id());
__this_cpu_inc(irq_stat.doorbell_irqs);

smp_ipi_demux_relaxed(); /* already performed the barrier */
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv_rm_xics.c b/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv_rm_xics.c
index 758d1d23215e..aaafb9f080d5 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv_rm_xics.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv_rm_xics.c
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ static inline void icp_send_hcore_msg(int hcore, struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
hcpu = hcore << threads_shift;
kvmppc_host_rm_ops_hv->rm_core[hcore].rm_data = vcpu;
smp_muxed_ipi_set_message(hcpu, PPC_MSG_RM_HOST_ACTION);
- kvmppc_set_host_ipi(hcpu, 1);
+ kvmppc_set_host_ipi(hcpu);
smp_mb();
kvmhv_rm_send_ipi(hcpu);
}
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/platforms/powernv/smp.c b/arch/powerpc/platforms/powernv/smp.c
index fdd9577d1798..3d3c989e44dd 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/platforms/powernv/smp.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/platforms/powernv/smp.c
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ static void pnv_smp_cpu_kill_self(void)
* for coming online, which are handled via
* generic_check_cpu_restart() calls.
*/
- kvmppc_set_host_ipi(cpu, 0);
+ kvmppc_clear_host_ipi(cpu);

srr1 = pnv_cpu_offline(cpu);

diff --git a/arch/powerpc/sysdev/xics/icp-native.c b/arch/powerpc/sysdev/xics/icp-native.c
index 37bfbc54aacb..340de58a15bd 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/sysdev/xics/icp-native.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/sysdev/xics/icp-native.c
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ static unsigned int icp_native_get_irq(void)

static void icp_native_cause_ipi(int cpu)
{
- kvmppc_set_host_ipi(cpu, 1);
+ kvmppc_set_host_ipi(cpu);
icp_native_set_qirr(cpu, IPI_PRIORITY);
}

@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ void icp_native_flush_interrupt(void)
if (vec == XICS_IPI) {
/* Clear pending IPI */
int cpu = smp_processor_id();
- kvmppc_set_host_ipi(cpu, 0);
+ kvmppc_clear_host_ipi(cpu);
icp_native_set_qirr(cpu, 0xff);
} else {
pr_err("XICS: hw interrupt 0x%x to offline cpu, disabling\n",
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ static irqreturn_t icp_native_ipi_action(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
int cpu = smp_processor_id();

- kvmppc_set_host_ipi(cpu, 0);
+ kvmppc_clear_host_ipi(cpu);
icp_native_set_qirr(cpu, 0xff);

return smp_ipi_demux();
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/sysdev/xics/icp-opal.c b/arch/powerpc/sysdev/xics/icp-opal.c
index c71d2ea42627..e3e52cf035a9 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/sysdev/xics/icp-opal.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/sysdev/xics/icp-opal.c
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ static void icp_opal_cause_ipi(int cpu)
{
int hw_cpu = get_hard_smp_processor_id(cpu);

- kvmppc_set_host_ipi(cpu, 1);
+ kvmppc_set_host_ipi(cpu);
opal_int_set_mfrr(hw_cpu, IPI_PRIORITY);
}

@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ static irqreturn_t icp_opal_ipi_action(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
int cpu = smp_processor_id();

- kvmppc_set_host_ipi(cpu, 0);
+ kvmppc_clear_host_ipi(cpu);
opal_int_set_mfrr(get_hard_smp_processor_id(cpu), 0xff);

return smp_ipi_demux();
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ void icp_opal_flush_interrupt(void)
if (vec == XICS_IPI) {
/* Clear pending IPI */
int cpu = smp_processor_id();
- kvmppc_set_host_ipi(cpu, 0);
+ kvmppc_clear_host_ipi(cpu);
opal_int_set_mfrr(get_hard_smp_processor_id(cpu), 0xff);
} else {
pr_err("XICS: hw interrupt 0x%x to offline cpu, "
--
2.20.1