[for-linus][PATCH 1/3] x86/ftrace: Have ftrace trampolines turn read-only at the end of system boot up

Steven Rostedt
2020-05-14T12:58:47Z

Booting one of my machines, it triggered the following crash:

Kernel/User page tables isolation: enabled
ftrace: allocating 36577 entries in 143 pages
Starting tracer 'function'
BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ffffffffa000005c
#PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode
#PF: error_code(0x0003) - permissions violation
PGD 2014067 P4D 2014067 PUD 2015063 PMD 7b253067 PTE 7b252061
Oops: 0003 [#1] PREEMPT SMP PTI
CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper Not tainted 5.4.0-test+ #24
Hardware name: To Be Filled By O.E.M. To Be Filled By O.E.M./To be filled by O.E.M., BIOS SDBLI944.86P 05/08/2007
RIP: 0010:text_poke_early+0x4a/0x58
Code: 34 24 48 89 54 24 08 e8 bf 72 0b 00 48 8b 34 24 48 8b 4c 24 08 84 c0 74 0b 48 89 df f3 a4 48 83 c4 10 5b c3 9c 58 fa 48 89 df <f3> a4 50 9d 48 83 c4 10 5b e9 d6 f9 ff ff
0 41 57 49
RSP: 0000:ffffffff82003d38 EFLAGS: 00010046
RAX: 0000000000000046 RBX: ffffffffa000005c RCX: 0000000000000005
RDX: 0000000000000005 RSI: ffffffff825b9a90 RDI: ffffffffa000005c
RBP: ffffffffa000005c R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffffffff8206e6e0
R10: ffff88807b01f4c0 R11: ffffffff8176c106 R12: ffffffff8206e6e0
R13: ffffffff824f2440 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: ffffffff8206eac0
FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff88807d400000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: ffffffffa000005c CR3: 0000000002012000 CR4: 00000000000006b0
Call Trace:
text_poke_bp+0x27/0x64
? mutex_lock+0x36/0x5d
arch_ftrace_update_trampoline+0x287/0x2d5
? ftrace_replace_code+0x14b/0x160
? ftrace_update_ftrace_func+0x65/0x6c
__register_ftrace_function+0x6d/0x81
ftrace_startup+0x23/0xc1
register_ftrace_function+0x20/0x37
func_set_flag+0x59/0x77
__set_tracer_option.isra.19+0x20/0x3e
trace_set_options+0xd6/0x13e
apply_trace_boot_options+0x44/0x6d
register_tracer+0x19e/0x1ac
early_trace_init+0x21b/0x2c9
start_kernel+0x241/0x518
? load_ucode_intel_bsp+0x21/0x52
secondary_startup_64+0xa4/0xb0

I was able to trigger it on other machines, when I added to the kernel
command line of both "ftrace=function" and "trace_options=func_stack_trace".

The cause is the "ftrace=function" would register the function tracer
and create a trampoline, and it will set it as executable and
read-only. Then the "trace_options=func_stack_trace" would then update
the same trampoline to include the stack tracer version of the function
tracer. But since the trampoline already exists, it updates it with
text_poke_bp(). The problem is that text_poke_bp() called while
system_state == SYSTEM_BOOTING, it will simply do a memcpy() and not
the page mapping, as it would think that the text is still read-write.
But in this case it is not, and we take a fault and crash.

Instead, lets keep the ftrace trampolines read-write during boot up,
and then when the kernel executable text is set to read-only, the
ftrace trampolines get set to read-only as well.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200430202147.4dc6e2de@oasis.local.home

Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 768ae4406a5c ("x86/ftrace: Use text_poke()")
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
---
arch/x86/include/asm/ftrace.h | 6 ++++++
arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
arch/x86/mm/init_64.c | 3 +++
include/linux/ftrace.h | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++
kernel/trace/ftrace_internal.h | 22 ----------------------
5 files changed, 60 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/ftrace.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/ftrace.h
index 85be2f506272..89af0d2c62aa 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/ftrace.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/ftrace.h
@@ -56,6 +56,12 @@ struct dyn_arch_ftrace {

#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__

+#if defined(CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER) && defined(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE)
+extern void set_ftrace_ops_ro(void);
+#else
+static inline void set_ftrace_ops_ro(void) { }
+#endif
+
#define ARCH_HAS_SYSCALL_MATCH_SYM_NAME
static inline bool arch_syscall_match_sym_name(const char *sym, const char *name)
{
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c b/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c
index 37a0aeaf89e7..b0e641793be4 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c
@@ -407,7 +407,8 @@ create_trampoline(struct ftrace_ops *ops, unsigned int *tramp_size)

set_vm_flush_reset_perms(trampoline);

- set_memory_ro((unsigned long)trampoline, npages);
+ if (likely(system_state != SYSTEM_BOOTING))
+ set_memory_ro((unsigned long)trampoline, npages);
set_memory_x((unsigned long)trampoline, npages);
return (unsigned long)trampoline;
fail:
@@ -415,6 +416,32 @@ create_trampoline(struct ftrace_ops *ops, unsigned int *tramp_size)
return 0;
}

+void set_ftrace_ops_ro(void)
+{
+ struct ftrace_ops *ops;
+ unsigned long start_offset;
+ unsigned long end_offset;
+ unsigned long npages;
+ unsigned long size;
+
+ do_for_each_ftrace_op(ops, ftrace_ops_list) {
+ if (!(ops->flags & FTRACE_OPS_FL_ALLOC_TRAMP))
+ continue;
+
+ if (ops->flags & FTRACE_OPS_FL_SAVE_REGS) {
+ start_offset = (unsigned long)ftrace_regs_caller;
+ end_offset = (unsigned long)ftrace_regs_caller_end;
+ } else {
+ start_offset = (unsigned long)ftrace_caller;
+ end_offset = (unsigned long)ftrace_epilogue;
+ }
+ size = end_offset - start_offset;
+ size = size + RET_SIZE + sizeof(void *);
+ npages = DIV_ROUND_UP(size, PAGE_SIZE);
+ set_memory_ro((unsigned long)ops->trampoline, npages);
+ } while_for_each_ftrace_op(ops);
+}
+
static unsigned long calc_trampoline_call_offset(bool save_regs)
{
unsigned long start_offset;
diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/init_64.c b/arch/x86/mm/init_64.c
index 3b289c2f75cd..8b5f73f5e207 100644
--- a/arch/x86/mm/init_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/mm/init_64.c
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
#include <asm/init.h>
#include <asm/uv/uv.h>
#include <asm/setup.h>
+#include <asm/ftrace.h>

#include "mm_internal.h"

@@ -1291,6 +1292,8 @@ void mark_rodata_ro(void)
all_end = roundup((unsigned long)_brk_end, PMD_SIZE);
set_memory_nx(text_end, (all_end - text_end) >> PAGE_SHIFT);

+ set_ftrace_ops_ro();
+
#ifdef CONFIG_CPA_DEBUG
printk(KERN_INFO "Testing CPA: undo %lx-%lx\n", start, end);
set_memory_rw(start, (end-start) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
diff --git a/include/linux/ftrace.h b/include/linux/ftrace.h
index db95244a62d4..ab4bd15cbcdb 100644
--- a/include/linux/ftrace.h
+++ b/include/linux/ftrace.h
@@ -210,6 +210,29 @@ struct ftrace_ops {
#endif
};

+extern struct ftrace_ops __rcu *ftrace_ops_list;
+extern struct ftrace_ops ftrace_list_end;
+
+/*
+ * Traverse the ftrace_global_list, invoking all entries. The reason that we
+ * can use rcu_dereference_raw_check() is that elements removed from this list
+ * are simply leaked, so there is no need to interact with a grace-period
+ * mechanism. The rcu_dereference_raw_check() calls are needed to handle
+ * concurrent insertions into the ftrace_global_list.
+ *
+ * Silly Alpha and silly pointer-speculation compiler optimizations!
+ */
+#define do_for_each_ftrace_op(op, list) \
+ op = rcu_dereference_raw_check(list); \
+ do
+
+/*
+ * Optimized for just a single item in the list (as that is the normal case).
+ */
+#define while_for_each_ftrace_op(op) \
+ while (likely(op = rcu_dereference_raw_check((op)->next)) && \
+ unlikely((op) != &ftrace_list_end))
+
/*
* Type of the current tracing.
*/
diff --git a/kernel/trace/ftrace_internal.h b/kernel/trace/ftrace_internal.h
index 0456e0a3dab1..382775edf690 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/ftrace_internal.h
+++ b/kernel/trace/ftrace_internal.h
@@ -4,28 +4,6 @@

#ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER

-/*
- * Traverse the ftrace_global_list, invoking all entries. The reason that we
- * can use rcu_dereference_raw_check() is that elements removed from this list
- * are simply leaked, so there is no need to interact with a grace-period
- * mechanism. The rcu_dereference_raw_check() calls are needed to handle
- * concurrent insertions into the ftrace_global_list.
- *
- * Silly Alpha and silly pointer-speculation compiler optimizations!
- */
-#define do_for_each_ftrace_op(op, list) \
- op = rcu_dereference_raw_check(list); \
- do
-
-/*
- * Optimized for just a single item in the list (as that is the normal case).
- */
-#define while_for_each_ftrace_op(op) \
- while (likely(op = rcu_dereference_raw_check((op)->next)) && \
- unlikely((op) != &ftrace_list_end))
-
-extern struct ftrace_ops __rcu *ftrace_ops_list;
-extern struct ftrace_ops ftrace_list_end;
extern struct mutex ftrace_lock;
extern struct ftrace_ops global_ops;

--
2.26.2