Re: [PATCH] mm/memory_hotplug: Make unpopulated zones PCP structures unreachable during hot remove

Mel Gorman
2021-04-09T15:13:04Z

On Fri, Apr 09, 2021 at 04:37:59PM +0200, Michal Hocko wrote:
> > > > Yes, the synchronization aspect is bogus indeed.
> > > >
> > > > > This patch reorders memory hotremove such that the PCP structures
> > > > > relevant to the zone are no longer reachable by the time the structures
> > > > > are freed. With this reordering, no protection is required to prevent
> > > > > a use-after-free and the IRQs can be left enabled. zone_pcp_reset is
> > > > > renamed to zone_pcp_destroy to make it clear that the per-cpu structures
> > > > > are deleted when the function returns.
> > > >
> > > > Wouldn't it be much easier to simply not destroy/reset pcp of an empty
> > > > zone at all? The whole point of this exercise seems to be described in
> > > > 340175b7d14d5. setup_zone_pageset can check for an already allocated pcp
> > > > and simply reinitialize it.
> > >
> > > I meant this
> > >
> >
> > It might be simplier but if the intention is to free as much memory
> > as possible during hot-remove, it seems wasteful to leave the per-cpu
> > structures behind if we do not have to.
>
> We do leave the whole pgdat behind. I do not think pagesets really do
> matter.
>

Probably not given that zone and node hotplug is fragile to say the least
with a low success rate. Still, it seems wasteful if we can preserve the
freeing part and the alternative fix is more subtle than it appears.

> > If a problem with my patch can
> > be spotted then I'm happy to go with an alternative fix but there are
> > two minor issues with your proposed fix.
>
> I will not insist but this code has proven to bitrot and I just find it
> much simpler to drop it altogether rather than conserve it in some form.
> Not something I would insist though.
>
> > > diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
> > > index e6a602e82860..b0fdda77e570 100644
> > > --- a/mm/page_alloc.c
> > > +++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
> > > @@ -6496,7 +6496,13 @@ void __meminit setup_zone_pageset(struct zone *zone)
> > > struct per_cpu_pageset *p;
> > > int cpu;
> > >
> > > - zone->pageset = alloc_percpu(struct per_cpu_pageset);
> > > + /*
> > > + * zone could have gone completely offline during memory hotplug
> > > + * when the pgdat is left behind for simplicity. On a next onlining
> > > + * we do not need to reallocate pcp state.
> > > + */
> > > + if (!zone->pageset)
> > > + zone->pageset = alloc_percpu(struct per_cpu_pageset);
> >
> > Should be "if (zone->pageset != &boot_pageset)" ?
>
> Memory hotplug really wants the NULL
> check. it doesn't use boot_pageset (if we drop rest to boot_pageset).
> But you are right that the boot time initialization first sets
> boot_pageset (zone_pcp_init) and initializes real pagesets later
> (setup_per_cpu_pageset). But this can be handled at the memory hotplug
> layer I believe
>
> diff --git a/mm/memory_hotplug.c b/mm/memory_hotplug.c
> index 754026a9164d..1cadfec323fc 100644
> --- a/mm/memory_hotplug.c
> +++ b/mm/memory_hotplug.c
> @@ -883,7 +883,8 @@ int __ref online_pages(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long nr_pages,
> */
> if (!populated_zone(zone)) {
> need_zonelists_rebuild = 1;
> - setup_zone_pageset(zone);
> + if (!zone->pageset)
> + setup_zone_pageset(zone);
> }
>

I think this will be fragile because it makes assumptions on how boot
works -- specifically that zone->pageset is left alone for unpopulated
zones. This will only work for zones in unpopulated *nodes* during boot
because of this sequence

free_area_init_core(pgdat)
for (j = 0; j < MAX_NR_ZONES; j++) {
...
zone_init_internals(zone)
}
-> zone_init_internals(zone)
-> zone_pcp_init(zone)
zone->pageset = &boot_pageset;

I think a NULL check will mean that hotplugging a previously unpopulated
zone will run the risk of using boot_pageset. That will likely explode
because IRQs disabled does not protect boot_pageset, it only works early
in boot or during the initial hotplug when it's not visible yet.

> > > for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
> > > p = per_cpu_ptr(zone->pageset, cpu);
> > > pageset_init(p);
> > > @@ -8803,25 +8809,6 @@ void zone_pcp_enable(struct zone *zone)
> > > mutex_unlock(&pcp_batch_high_lock);
> > > }
> > >
> > > -void zone_pcp_reset(struct zone *zone)
> > > -{
> > > - unsigned long flags;
> > > - int cpu;
> > > - struct per_cpu_pageset *pset;
> > > -
> > > - /* avoid races with drain_pages() */
> > > - local_irq_save(flags);
> > > - if (zone->pageset != &boot_pageset) {
> > > - for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
> > > - pset = per_cpu_ptr(zone->pageset, cpu);
> > > - drain_zonestat(zone, pset);
> > > - }
> > > - free_percpu(zone->pageset);
> > > - zone->pageset = &boot_pageset;
> > > - }
> > > - local_irq_restore(flags);
> > > -}
> > > -
> >
> > zone_pcp_reset still needs to exist to drain the remaining vmstats or
> > it'll break 5a883813845a ("memory-hotplug: fix zone stat
> > mismatch").
>
> Are you sure we are reseting vmstats in the hotremove. I do not see
> anything like that. Maybe this was needed at the time. I will double
> check.

zone_pcp_reset calls drain_zonestat to apply the per-cpu vmstat deltas
to the atomic per-zone and global stats.

If anything, the minimal "fix" is to simply delete IRQ disable/enable on
the grounds that IRQs protect nothing and assume the existing hotplug
paths guarantees the PCP cannot be used after zone_pcp_enable(). That
should be the case already because all the pages have been freed and
there is nothing to even put into the PCPs but I worried that the PCP
structure itself might still be reachable even if it's useless which is
why I freed the structure once they could not be reached via zonelists.

--
Mel Gorman
SUSE Labs