Re: [RFC PATCH 0/4] mm/page_alloc: cache pte-mapped allocations

Mike Rapoport
2021-08-24T13:03:59Z

On Mon, Aug 23, 2021 at 08:02:55PM +0000, Edgecombe, Rick P wrote:
> Mon, 2021-08-23 at 16:25 +0300, Mike Rapoport wrote:
> >
> > There are usecases that need to remove pages from the direct map or
> > at
> > least map them with 4K granularity. Whenever this is done e.g. with
> > set_memory/set_direct_map APIs, the PUD and PMD sized mappings in the
> > direct map are split into smaller pages.
> >
> > To reduce the performance hit caused by the fragmentation of the
> > direct map
> > it make sense to group and/or cache the 4K pages removed from the
> > direct
> > map so that the split large pages won't be all over the place.
> >
> If you tied this into debug page alloc, you shouldn't need to group the
> pages. Are you thinking this PKS-less page table usage would be a
> security feature or debug time thing?

I consider the PKS-less page table protection as an example user of the
grouped pages/pte-mapped cache rather than an actual security feature or
even a debug thing.

With PKS we still have the same trade-off of allocation flexibility vs
direct map fragmentation and I hoped to focus the discussion of the mm part
of the series rather than on page table protection. Apparently it didn't
work :)

> > == TODOs ==
> >
> > Whenever pte-mapped cache is being shrunk, it is possible to add some
> > kind
> > of compaction to move all the free pages into PMD-sized chunks, free
> > these
> > chunks at once and restore large page in the direct map.
>
> I had made a POC to do this a while back that hooked into the buddy
> code in the page allocator where this coalescing is already happening
> for freed pages. The problem was that most pages that get their direct
> map alias broken, end up using a page from the same 2MB page for the
> page table in the split. But then the direct map page table never gets
> freed so it never can restore the large page when checking the the
> allocation page getting freed. Grouping permissioned pages OR page
> tables would resolve that and it was my plan to try again after
> something like this happened.

This suggests that one global cache won't be good enough, at least for the
case when page tables are taken from that cache.

> Was just an experiment, but can share if you are interested.

Yes, please.

> > == Alternatives ==
> >
> > Current implementation uses a single global cache.
> >
> > Another option is to have per-user caches, e.g one for the page
> > tables,
> > another for vmalloc etc. This approach provides better control of
> > the
> > permissions of the pages allocated from these caches and allows the
> > user to
> > decide when (if at all) the pages can be accessed, e.g. for cache
> > compaction. The down side of this approach is that it complicates the
> > freeing path. A page allocated from a dedicated cache cannot be freed
> > with
> > put_page()/free_page() etc but it has to be freed with a dedicated
> > API or
> > there should be some back pointer in struct page so that page
> > allocator
> > will know what cache this page came from.
>
> This needs to reset the permissions before freeing, so doesn't seem too
> different than freeing them a special way.

Not quite. For instance, when freeing page table pages with mmu_gather, we
can reset the permission at or near pgtable_pxy_page_dtor() and continue to
the batched free.

> > Yet another possibility to make pte-mapped cache a migratetype of its
> > own.
> > Creating a new migratetype would allow higher order allocations of
> > pte-mapped pages, but I don't have enough understanding of page
> > allocator
> > and reclaim internals to estimate the complexity associated with this
> > approach.
> >
> I've been thinking about two categories of direct map permission
> usages.
>
> One is limiting the use of the direct map alias when it's not in use
> and the primary alias is getting some other permission. Examples are
> modules, secretmem, xpfo, KVM guest memory unmapping stuff, etc. In
> this case re-allocations can share unmapped pages without doing any
> expensive maintenance and it helps to have one big cache. If you are
> going to convert pages to 4k and cache them, you might as well convert
> them to NP at the time, since it's cheap to restore them or set their
> permission from that state.
>
> Two is setting permissions on the direct map as the only alias to be
> used. This includes this rfc, some PKS usages, but also possibly some
> set_pages_uc() callers and the like. It seems that this category could
> still make use of a big unmapped cache of pages. Just ask for unmapped
> pages and convert them without a flush.
>
> So like something would have a big cache of grouped unmapped pages
> that category one usages could share. And then little category two
> allocators could have their own caches that feed on it too. What do you
> think? This is regardless if they live in the page allocator or not.

I can say I see how category two cache would use a global unmapped cache.
I would envision that these caches can share the implementation, but there
will be different instances - one for the global cache and another one (or
several) for users that cannot share the global cache for some reason.

--
Sincerely yours,
Mike.