Re: [PATCH v10 10/11] arm64: Introduce stack trace reliability checks in the unwinder

Madhavan T. Venkataraman
2021-11-10T03:13:57Z

Hi Nobuta,

Sorry for the delay in responding to your comment.
I will fix the issue you have raised in the next version.

Thanks. Again, sorry for the late response.

Madhavan

On 11/4/21 7:39 AM, nobuta.keiya@fujitsu.com wrote:
> Hi Madhavan,
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: madvenka@linux.microsoft.com <madvenka@linux.microsoft.com>
>> Sent: Friday, October 15, 2021 11:59 AM
>> To: mark.rutland@arm.com; broonie@kernel.org; jpoimboe@redhat.com; ardb@kernel.org; Nobuta, Keiya/信田 圭哉
>> <nobuta.keiya@fujitsu.com>; sjitindarsingh@gmail.com; catalin.marinas@arm.com; will@kernel.org; jmorris@namei.org;
>> linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org; live-patching@vger.kernel.org; linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org;
>> madvenka@linux.microsoft.com
>> Subject: [PATCH v10 10/11] arm64: Introduce stack trace reliability checks in the unwinder
>>
>> From: "Madhavan T. Venkataraman" <madvenka@linux.microsoft.com>
>>
>> There are some kernel features and conditions that make a stack trace unreliable. Callers may require the unwinder to detect
>> these cases.
>> E.g., livepatch.
>>
>> Introduce a new function called unwind_check_reliability() that will detect these cases and set a flag in the stack frame. Call
>> unwind_check_reliability() for every frame, that is, in unwind_start() and unwind_next().
>>
>> Introduce the first reliability check in unwind_check_reliability() - If a return PC is not a valid kernel text address, consider the
>> stack trace unreliable. It could be some generated code. Other reliability checks will be added in the future.
>>
>> Let unwind() return a boolean to indicate if the stack trace is reliable.
>>
>> Introduce arch_stack_walk_reliable() for ARM64. This works like
>> arch_stack_walk() except that it returns -EINVAL if the stack trace is not reliable.
>>
>> Until all the reliability checks are in place, arch_stack_walk_reliable() may not be used by livepatch. But it may be used by
>> debug and test code.
>>
>> Signed-off-by: Madhavan T. Venkataraman <madvenka@linux.microsoft.com>
>> ---
>> arch/arm64/include/asm/stacktrace.h | 3 ++
>> arch/arm64/kernel/stacktrace.c | 48 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
>> 2 files changed, 50 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>>
>> diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/stacktrace.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/stacktrace.h
>> index ba2180c7d5cd..ce0710fa3037 100644
>> --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/stacktrace.h
>> +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/stacktrace.h
>> @@ -51,6 +51,8 @@ struct stack_info {
>> * replacement lr value in the ftrace graph stack.
>> *
>> * @failed: Unwind failed.
>> + *
>> + * @reliable: Stack trace is reliable.
>> */
>> struct stackframe {
>> unsigned long fp;
>> @@ -62,6 +64,7 @@ struct stackframe {
>> int graph;
>> #endif
>> bool failed;
>> + bool reliable;
>> };
>>
>> extern void dump_backtrace(struct pt_regs *regs, struct task_struct *tsk, diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/stacktrace.c
>> b/arch/arm64/kernel/stacktrace.c index 8e9e6f38c975..142f08ae515f 100644
>> --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/stacktrace.c
>> +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/stacktrace.c
>> @@ -18,6 +18,22 @@
>> #include <asm/stack_pointer.h>
>> #include <asm/stacktrace.h>
>>
>> +/*
>> + * Check the stack frame for conditions that make further unwinding unreliable.
>> + */
>> +static void notrace unwind_check_reliability(struct stackframe *frame)
>> +{
>> + /*
>> + * If the PC is not a known kernel text address, then we cannot
>> + * be sure that a subsequent unwind will be reliable, as we
>> + * don't know that the code follows our unwind requirements.
>> + */
>> + if (!__kernel_text_address(frame->pc))
>> + frame->reliable = false;
>> +}
>> +
>> +NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(unwind_check_reliability);
>> +
>> /*
>> * AArch64 PCS assigns the frame pointer to x29.
>> *
>> @@ -55,6 +71,8 @@ static void notrace unwind_start(struct stackframe *frame, unsigned long fp,
>> frame->prev_fp = 0;
>> frame->prev_type = STACK_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
>> frame->failed = false;
>> + frame->reliable = true;
>> + unwind_check_reliability(frame);
>> }
>>
>> NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(unwind_start);
>> @@ -138,6 +156,7 @@ static void notrace unwind_next(struct task_struct *tsk, #endif /*
>> CONFIG_FUNCTION_GRAPH_TRACER */
>>
>> frame->pc = ptrauth_strip_insn_pac(frame->pc);
>> + unwind_check_reliability(frame);
>> }
>
> Isn't it necessary to check "final frame" before unwind_check_reliability()?
> The frame at this point is unwound frame, so may be last frame.
>
> Or if move unwind_check_reliability() into unwind(), I think unwind() can
> be twins as below:
>
> ~~~~~~~~
> unwind(...) {
> <...>
> for (unwind_start(...); unwind_continue(...); unwind_next(...))
> unwind_check_reliability(&frame);
> }
>
> unwind_reliable(...) {
> <...>
> for (unwind_start(...); unwind_continue(...); unwind_next(...)) {
> unwind_check_reliability(&frame);
> if (!frame.reliable)
> break;
> }
>
> return (frame.reliable && !frame.failed);
> }
> ~~~~~~~~
>
>
>
> Thanks,
> Keiya
>
>
>>
>> NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(unwind_next);
>> @@ -167,7 +186,7 @@ static bool notrace unwind_continue(struct task_struct *task,
>>
>> NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(unwind_continue);
>>
>> -static void notrace unwind(struct task_struct *tsk,
>> +static bool notrace unwind(struct task_struct *tsk,
>> unsigned long fp, unsigned long pc,
>> bool (*fn)(void *, unsigned long),
>> void *data)
>> @@ -177,6 +196,7 @@ static void notrace unwind(struct task_struct *tsk,
>> unwind_start(&frame, fp, pc);
>> while (unwind_continue(tsk, &frame, fn, data))
>> unwind_next(tsk, &frame);
>> + return frame.reliable;
>> }
>>
>> NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(unwind);
>> @@ -238,4 +258,30 @@ noinline notrace void arch_stack_walk(stack_trace_consume_fn consume_entry,
>>
>> }
>>
>> +/*
>> + * arch_stack_walk_reliable() may not be used for livepatch until all
>> +of
>> + * the reliability checks are in place in unwind_consume(). However,
>> + * debug and test code can choose to use it even if all the checks are
>> +not
>> + * in place.
>> + */
>> +noinline int notrace arch_stack_walk_reliable(stack_trace_consume_fn consume_fn,
>> + void *cookie,
>> + struct task_struct *task)
>> +{
>> + unsigned long fp, pc;
>> +
>> + if (task == current) {
>> + /* Skip arch_stack_walk_reliable() in the stack trace. */
>> + fp = (unsigned long)__builtin_frame_address(1);
>> + pc = (unsigned long)__builtin_return_address(0);
>> + } else {
>> + /* Caller guarantees that the task is not running. */
>> + fp = thread_saved_fp(task);
>> + pc = thread_saved_pc(task);
>> + }
>> + if (unwind(task, fp, pc, consume_fn, cookie))
>> + return 0;
>> + return -EINVAL;
>> +}
>> +
>> #endif
>> --
>> 2.25.1
>