Re: [RESEND PATCH v8 04/11] bus: platform, amba, fsl-mc, PCI: Add device DMA ownership management

Zenghui Yu
2023-06-26T13:03:31Z

On 2022/4/18 8:49, Lu Baolu wrote:
> The devices on platform/amba/fsl-mc/PCI buses could be bound to drivers
> with the device DMA managed by kernel drivers or user-space applications.
> Unfortunately, multiple devices may be placed in the same IOMMU group
> because they cannot be isolated from each other. The DMA on these devices
> must either be entirely under kernel control or userspace control, never
> a mixture. Otherwise the driver integrity is not guaranteed because they
> could access each other through the peer-to-peer accesses which by-pass
> the IOMMU protection.
>
> This checks and sets the default DMA mode during driver binding, and
> cleanups during driver unbinding. In the default mode, the device DMA is
> managed by the device driver which handles DMA operations through the
> kernel DMA APIs (see Documentation/core-api/dma-api.rst).
>
> For cases where the devices are assigned for userspace control through the
> userspace driver framework(i.e. VFIO), the drivers(for example, vfio_pci/
> vfio_platfrom etc.) may set a new flag (driver_managed_dma) to skip this
> default setting in the assumption that the drivers know what they are
> doing with the device DMA.
>
> Calling iommu_device_use_default_domain() before {of,acpi}_dma_configure
> is currently a problem. As things stand, the IOMMU driver ignored the
> initial iommu_probe_device() call when the device was added, since at
> that point it had no fwspec yet. In this situation,
> {of,acpi}_iommu_configure() are retriggering iommu_probe_device() after
> the IOMMU driver has seen the firmware data via .of_xlate to learn that
> it actually responsible for the given device. As the result, before
> that gets fixed, iommu_use_default_domain() goes at the end, and calls
> arch_teardown_dma_ops() if it fails.
>
> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
> Cc: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
> Cc: Stuart Yoder <stuyoder@gmail.com>
> Cc: Laurentiu Tudor <laurentiu.tudor@nxp.com>
> Signed-off-by: Lu Baolu <baolu.lu@linux.intel.com>
> Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
> Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>
> Reviewed-by: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com>
> Tested-by: Eric Auger <eric.auger@redhat.com>

[...]

> diff --git a/include/linux/pci.h b/include/linux/pci.h
> index 60adf42460ab..b933d2b08d4d 100644
> --- a/include/linux/pci.h
> +++ b/include/linux/pci.h
> @@ -895,6 +895,13 @@ struct module;
> * created once it is bound to the driver.
> * @driver: Driver model structure.
> * @dynids: List of dynamically added device IDs.
> + * @driver_managed_dma: Device driver doesn't use kernel DMA API for DMA.
> + * For most device drivers, no need to care about this flag
> + * as long as all DMAs are handled through the kernel DMA API.
> + * For some special ones, for example VFIO drivers, they know
> + * how to manage the DMA themselves and set this flag so that
> + * the IOMMU layer will allow them to setup and manage their
> + * own I/O address space.
> */
> struct pci_driver {
> struct list_head node;
> @@ -913,6 +920,7 @@ struct pci_driver {
> const struct attribute_group **dev_groups;
> struct device_driver driver;
> struct pci_dynids dynids;
> + bool driver_managed_dma;
> };
>
> static inline struct pci_driver *to_pci_driver(struct device_driver *drv)

[...]

> diff --git a/drivers/pci/pci-driver.c b/drivers/pci/pci-driver.c
> index 4ceeb75fc899..f83f7fbac68f 100644
> --- a/drivers/pci/pci-driver.c
> +++ b/drivers/pci/pci-driver.c
> @@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
> #include <linux/of_device.h>
> #include <linux/acpi.h>
> #include <linux/dma-map-ops.h>
> +#include <linux/iommu.h>
> #include "pci.h"
> #include "pcie/portdrv.h"
>
> @@ -1601,6 +1602,7 @@ static int pci_bus_num_vf(struct device *dev)
> */
> static int pci_dma_configure(struct device *dev)
> {
> + struct pci_driver *driver = to_pci_driver(dev->driver);
> struct device *bridge;
> int ret = 0;
>
> @@ -1616,9 +1618,24 @@ static int pci_dma_configure(struct device *dev)
> }
>
> pci_put_host_bridge_device(bridge);
> +
> + if (!ret && !driver->driver_managed_dma) {
> + ret = iommu_device_use_default_domain(dev);
> + if (ret)
> + arch_teardown_dma_ops(dev);
> + }
> +
> return ret;
> }
>
> +static void pci_dma_cleanup(struct device *dev)
> +{
> + struct pci_driver *driver = to_pci_driver(dev->driver);
> +
> + if (!driver->driver_managed_dma)
> + iommu_device_unuse_default_domain(dev);
> +}
> +
> struct bus_type pci_bus_type = {
> .name = "pci",
> .match = pci_bus_match,
> @@ -1632,6 +1649,7 @@ struct bus_type pci_bus_type = {
> .pm = PCI_PM_OPS_PTR,
> .num_vf = pci_bus_num_vf,
> .dma_configure = pci_dma_configure,
> + .dma_cleanup = pci_dma_cleanup,
> };
> EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_bus_type);

I (somehow forgot to delete DEBUG_TEST_DRIVER_REMOVE in my .config, and)
failed to start the guest with an assigned PCI device, with something
like:

| qemu-system-aarch64: -device
vfio-pci,host=0000:03:00.1,id=hostdev0,bus=pci.8,addr=0x0: vfio
0000:03:00.1: group 45 is not viable
| Please ensure all devices within the iommu_group are bound to their
vfio bus driver.

It looks like on device probe, with DEBUG_TEST_DRIVER_REMOVE,
.dma_configure() will be executed *twice* via the
really_probe()/re_probe path, and *no* .dma_cleanup() will be executed.
The resulting dev::iommu_group::owner_cnt is 2, which will confuse the
later iommu_group_dma_owner_claimed() call from VFIO on guest startup.

I can locally workaround the problem by deleting the DEBUG option or
performing a .dma_cleanup() during test_remove'ing, but it'd be great if
you can take a look.

Thanks,
Zenghui