Re: [PATCH v6 01/13] mm/demotion: Add support for explicit memory tiers

Aneesh Kumar K V
2022-06-13T03:32:45Z

On 6/13/22 8:52 AM, Ying Huang wrote:
> Hi, Aneesh,
>
> On Fri, 2022-06-10 at 19:22 +0530, Aneesh Kumar K.V wrote:
>> In the current kernel, memory tiers are defined implicitly via a
>> demotion path relationship between NUMA nodes, which is created
>> during the kernel initialization and updated when a NUMA node is
>> hot-added or hot-removed. The current implementation puts all
>> nodes with CPU into the top tier, and builds the tier hierarchy
>> tier-by-tier by establishing the per-node demotion targets based
>> on the distances between nodes.
>>
>> This current memory tier kernel interface needs to be improved for
>> several important use cases,
>>
>> The current tier initialization code always initializes
>> each memory-only NUMA node into a lower tier. But a memory-only
>> NUMA node may have a high performance memory device (e.g. a DRAM
>> device attached via CXL.mem or a DRAM-backed memory-only node on
>> a virtual machine) and should be put into a higher tier.
>>
>> The current tier hierarchy always puts CPU nodes into the top
>> tier. But on a system with HBM or GPU devices, the
>> memory-only NUMA nodes mapping these devices should be in the
>> top tier, and DRAM nodes with CPUs are better to be placed into the
>> next lower tier.
>>
>> With current kernel higher tier node can only be demoted to selected nodes on the
>> next lower tier as defined by the demotion path, not any other
>> node from any lower tier. This strict, hard-coded demotion order
>> does not work in all use cases (e.g. some use cases may want to
>> allow cross-socket demotion to another node in the same demotion
>> tier as a fallback when the preferred demotion node is out of
>> space), This demotion order is also inconsistent with the page
>> allocation fallback order when all the nodes in a higher tier are
>> out of space: The page allocation can fall back to any node from
>> any lower tier, whereas the demotion order doesn't allow that.
>>
>> The current kernel also don't provide any interfaces for the
>> userspace to learn about the memory tier hierarchy in order to
>> optimize its memory allocations.
>>
>> This patch series address the above by defining memory tiers explicitly.
>>
>> This patch introduce explicity memory tiers with ranks. The rank
>> value of a memory tier is used to derive the demotion order between
>> NUMA nodes. The memory tiers present in a system can be found at
>>
>> "Rank" is an opaque value. Its absolute value doesn't have any
>> special meaning. But the rank values of different memtiers can be
>> compared with each other to determine the memory tier order.
>>
>> For example, if we have 3 memtiers: memtier0, memtier1, memiter2, and
>> their rank values are 300, 200, 100, then the memory tier order is:
>> memtier0 -> memtier1 -> memtier2, where memtier0 is the highest tier
>> and memtier2 is the lowest tier.
>>
>> The rank value of each memtier should be unique.
>>
>> A higher rank memory tier will appear first in the demotion order
>> than a lower rank memory tier. ie. while reclaim we choose a node
>> in higher rank memory tier to demote pages to as compared to a node
>> in a lower rank memory tier.
>>
>> This patchset introduce 3 memory tiers (memtier0, memtier1 and memtier2)
>> which are created by different kernel subsystems. The default memory
>> tier created by the kernel is memtier1. Once created these memory tiers
>> are not destroyed even if they don't have any NUMA nodes assigned to
>> them.
>>
>> This patch is based on the proposal sent by Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> at [1].
>>
>> [1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/CAAPL-u9Wv+nH1VOZTj=9p9S70Y3Qz3+63EkqncRDdHfubsrjfw@mail.gmail.com
>>
>> /sys/devices/system/memtier/memtierN/
>>
>> The nodes which are part of a specific memory tier can be listed
>> via
>> /sys/devices/system/memtier/memtierN/nodelist
>>
>> Suggested-by: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com>
>> Signed-off-by: Jagdish Gediya <jvgediya@linux.ibm.com>
>> Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.ibm.com>
>> ---
>>  include/linux/memory-tiers.h | 20 ++++++++
>>  mm/Kconfig | 3 ++
>>  mm/Makefile | 1 +
>>  mm/memory-tiers.c | 89 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>>  4 files changed, 113 insertions(+)
>>  create mode 100644 include/linux/memory-tiers.h
>>  create mode 100644 mm/memory-tiers.c
>>
>> diff --git a/include/linux/memory-tiers.h b/include/linux/memory-tiers.h
>> new file mode 100644
>> index 000000000000..e17f6b4ee177
>> --- /dev/null
>> +++ b/include/linux/memory-tiers.h
>> @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
>> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
>> +#ifndef _LINUX_MEMORY_TIERS_H
>> +#define _LINUX_MEMORY_TIERS_H
>> +
>> +#ifdef CONFIG_TIERED_MEMORY
>> +
>> +#define MEMORY_TIER_HBM_GPU 0
>> +#define MEMORY_TIER_DRAM 1
>> +#define MEMORY_TIER_PMEM 2
>> +
>> +#define MEMORY_RANK_HBM_GPU 300
>> +#define MEMORY_RANK_DRAM 200
>> +#define MEMORY_RANK_PMEM 100
>> +
>> +#define DEFAULT_MEMORY_TIER MEMORY_TIER_DRAM
>> +#define MAX_MEMORY_TIERS 3
>> +
>> +#endif /* CONFIG_TIERED_MEMORY */
>> +
>> +#endif
>> diff --git a/mm/Kconfig b/mm/Kconfig
>> index 169e64192e48..bb5aa585ab41 100644
>> --- a/mm/Kconfig
>> +++ b/mm/Kconfig
>> @@ -614,6 +614,9 @@ config ARCH_ENABLE_HUGEPAGE_MIGRATION
>>  config ARCH_ENABLE_THP_MIGRATION
>>   bool
>>
>>
>> +config TIERED_MEMORY
>> + def_bool NUMA
>> +
>
> As Yang pointed out, why not just use CONFIG_NUMA? I suspect the
> added value of CONIFIG_TIRED_MEMORY.
>

I decided to use TIERED_MEMORY to bring more clarity. It should be same
now that we have moved CONFIG_MIGRATION dependencies to runtime. IMHO
having CONFIG_TIERED_MEMORY is better than using CONFIG_NUMA.

>>  config HUGETLB_PAGE_SIZE_VARIABLE
>>   def_bool n
>>   help
>> diff --git a/mm/Makefile b/mm/Makefile
>> index 6f9ffa968a1a..482557fbc9d1 100644
>> --- a/mm/Makefile
>> +++ b/mm/Makefile
>> @@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_KFENCE) += kfence/
>>  obj-$(CONFIG_FAILSLAB) += failslab.o
>>  obj-$(CONFIG_MEMTEST) += memtest.o
>>  obj-$(CONFIG_MIGRATION) += migrate.o
>> +obj-$(CONFIG_TIERED_MEMORY) += memory-tiers.o
>>  obj-$(CONFIG_DEVICE_MIGRATION) += migrate_device.o
>>  obj-$(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE) += huge_memory.o khugepaged.o
>>  obj-$(CONFIG_PAGE_COUNTER) += page_counter.o
>> diff --git a/mm/memory-tiers.c b/mm/memory-tiers.c
>> new file mode 100644
>> index 000000000000..d9fa955f208e
>> --- /dev/null
>> +++ b/mm/memory-tiers.c
>> @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
>> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
>> +#include <linux/types.h>
>> +#include <linux/nodemask.h>
>> +#include <linux/slab.h>
>> +#include <linux/memory-tiers.h>
>> +
>> +struct memory_tier {
>> + struct list_head list;
>> + nodemask_t nodelist;
>> + int id;
>> + int rank;
>> +};
>> +
>> +static DEFINE_MUTEX(memory_tier_lock);
>> +static LIST_HEAD(memory_tiers);
>> +
>> +/*
>> + * Keep it simple by having direct mapping between
>> + * tier index and rank value.
>> + */
>> +static inline int get_rank_from_tier(unsigned int tier)
>> +{
>> + switch (tier) {
>> + case MEMORY_TIER_HBM_GPU:
>> + return MEMORY_RANK_HBM_GPU;
>> + case MEMORY_TIER_DRAM:
>> + return MEMORY_RANK_DRAM;
>> + case MEMORY_TIER_PMEM:
>> + return MEMORY_RANK_PMEM;
>> + }
>> + return -1;
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void insert_memory_tier(struct memory_tier *memtier)
>> +{
>> + struct list_head *ent;
>> + struct memory_tier *tmp_memtier;
>> +
>> + list_for_each(ent, &memory_tiers) {
>> + tmp_memtier = list_entry(ent, struct memory_tier, list);
>
> list_for_each_entry() ?
>

ent variable is used below. Hence I won't be able to use
list_for_each_entry.

>> + if (tmp_memtier->rank < memtier->rank) {
>> + list_add_tail(&memtier->list, ent);
>
>> + return;
>> + }
>> + }
>> + list_add_tail(&memtier->list, &memory_tiers);
>> +}
>> +
>
> IMHO, the locking requirements are needed here as comments to avoid
> confusing.
>

All those functions are called with memory_tier_lock_held. Infact all
list operations requires that lock held. What details do you suggest we
document? I can add extra comment to the mutex itself? Adding locking
details to all the functions will be duplicating the same details at
multiple places?

>> +static struct memory_tier *register_memory_tier(unsigned int tier,
>> + unsigned int rank)
>> +{
>> + struct memory_tier *memtier;
>> +
>> + if (tier >= MAX_MEMORY_TIERS)
>> + return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
>> +
>> + memtier = kzalloc(sizeof(struct memory_tier), GFP_KERNEL);
>> + if (!memtier)
>> + return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
>> +
>> + memtier->id = tier;
>> + memtier->rank = rank;
>> +
>> + insert_memory_tier(memtier);
>> +
>> + return memtier;
>> +}
>> +
>> +static int __init memory_tier_init(void)
>> +{
>> + struct memory_tier *memtier;
>> +
>> + /*
>> + * Register only default memory tier to hide all empty
>> + * memory tier from sysfs.
>> + */
>> + memtier = register_memory_tier(DEFAULT_MEMORY_TIER,
>> + get_rank_from_tier(DEFAULT_MEMORY_TIER));
>> +
>> + if (IS_ERR(memtier))
>> + panic("%s() failed to register memory tier: %ld\n",
>> + __func__, PTR_ERR(memtier));
>> +
>> + /* CPU only nodes are not part of memory tiers. */
>> + memtier->nodelist = node_states[N_MEMORY];
>> +
>> + return 0;
>> +}
>> +subsys_initcall(memory_tier_init);
>

-aneesh