[REBASE PATCH v5 01/17] docs: qcom: Add qualcomm minidump guide

Mukesh Ojha
2023-09-11T21:39:44Z

Add the qualcomm minidump guide for the users which tries to cover
the dependency, API use and the way to test and collect minidump
on Qualcomm supported SoCs.

Signed-off-by: Mukesh Ojha <quic_mojha@quicinc.com>
---
Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst | 1 +
Documentation/admin-guide/qcom_minidump.rst | 272 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
2 files changed, 273 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/qcom_minidump.rst

diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst
index 43ea35613dfc..251d070486c2 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst
@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ configure specific aspects of kernel behavior to your liking.
perf-security
pm/index
pnp
+ qcom_minidump
rapidio
ras
rtc
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/qcom_minidump.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/qcom_minidump.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..20202da8ca40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/qcom_minidump.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+Qualcomm minidump feature
+=========================
+
+Introduction
+------------
+
+Minidump is a best effort mechanism to collect useful and predefined
+data for first level of debugging on end user devices running on
+Qualcomm SoCs. It is built on the premise that System on Chip (SoC)
+or subsystem part of SoC crashes, due to a range of hardware and
+software bugs. Hence, the ability to collect accurate data is only
+a best-effort. The data collected could be invalid or corrupted, data
+collection itself could fail, and so on.
+
+Qualcomm devices in engineering mode provides a mechanism for generating
+full system RAM dumps for post-mortem debugging. But in some cases it's
+however not feasible to capture the entire content of RAM. The minidump
+mechanism provides the means for selected region should be included in
+the ramdump.
+
+
+::
+
+ +-----------------------------------------------+
+ | DDR +-------------+ |
+ | | SS0-ToC| |
+ | +----------------+ +----------------+ | |
+ | |Shared memory | | SS1-ToC| | |
+ | |(SMEM) | | | | |
+ | | | +-->|--------+ | | |
+ | |G-ToC | | | SS-ToC \ | | |
+ | |+-------------+ | | | +-----------+ | | |
+ | ||-------------| | | | |-----------| | | |
+ | || SS0-ToC | | | +-|<|SS1 region1| | | |
+ | ||-------------| | | | | |-----------| | | |
+ | || SS1-ToC |-|>+ | | |SS1 region2| | | |
+ | ||-------------| | | | |-----------| | | |
+ | || SS2-ToC | | | | | ... | | | |
+ | ||-------------| | | | |-----------| | | |
+ | || ... | | |-|<|SS1 regionN| | | |
+ | ||-------------| | | | |-----------| | | |
+ | || SSn-ToC | | | | +-----------+ | | |
+ | |+-------------+ | | | | | |
+ | | | | |----------------| | |
+ | | | +>| regionN | | |
+ | | | | |----------------| | |
+ | +----------------+ | | | | |
+ | | |----------------| | |
+ | +>| region1 | | |
+ | |----------------| | |
+ | | | | |
+ | |----------------|-+ |
+ | | region5 | |
+ | |----------------| |
+ | | | |
+ | Region information +----------------+ |
+ | +---------------+ |
+ | |region name | |
+ | |---------------| |
+ | |region address | |
+ | |---------------| |
+ | |region size | |
+ | +---------------+ |
+ +-----------------------------------------------+
+ G-ToC: Global table of contents
+ SS-ToC: Subsystem table of contents
+ SS0-SSn: Subsystem numbered from 0 to n
+
+It depends on SoC where the underlying firmware is keeping the
+minidump global table taking care of subsystem ToC part for
+minidump like for above diagram, it is for shared memory sitting
+in DDR and it is shared among various master however it is possible
+that this could be implemented via memory mapped regions but the
+general idea should remain same. Here, various subsystem could be
+DSP's like ADSP/CDSP/MODEM etc, along with Application processor
+(APSS) where Linux runs. DSP minidump gets collected when DSP's goes
+for recovery followed by a crash. The minidump part of code for
+that resides in ``qcom_rproc_minidump.c``.
+
+
+SMEM as backend
+----------------
+
+In this document, SMEM will be used as the backend implementation
+of minidump.
+
+The core of minidump feature is part of Qualcomm's boot firmware code.
+It initializes shared memory (SMEM), which is a part of DDR and
+allocates a small section of it to minidump table, i.e. also called
+global table of contents (G-ToC). Each subsystem (APSS, ADSP, ...) has
+its own table of segments to be included in the minidump, all
+references from a descriptor in SMEM (G-ToC). Each segment/region has
+some details like name, physical address and its size etc. and it
+could be anywhere scattered in the DDR.
+
+Qualcomm APSS Minidump kernel driver concept
+--------------------------------------------
+::
+
+Qualcomm APSS minidump kernel driver adds the capability to add Linux
+region to be dumped as part of RAM dump collection. At the moment,
+shared memory driver creates platform device for minidump driver and
+give a means to APSS minidump to initialize itself on probe.
+
+This driver provides ``qcom_minidump_region_register`` and
+``qcom_minidump_region_unregister`` API's to register and unregister
+APSS minidump region. It also supports registration for the clients
+who came before minidump driver was initialized. It maintains pending
+list of clients who came before minidump and once minidump is initialized
+it registers them in one go.
+
+To simplify post-mortem debugging, driver creates and maintain an ELF
+header as first region that gets updated each time a new region gets
+registered.
+
+The solution supports extracting the RAM dump/minidump produced either
+over USB or stored to an attached storage device.
+
+Dependency of minidump kernel driver
+------------------------------------
+
+It is to note that whole of minidump depends on Qualcomm boot firmware
+whether it supports minidump or not. So, if the minidump SMEM ID is
+present in shared memory, it indicates that minidump is supported from
+boot firmware and it is possible to dump Linux (APSS) region as part
+of minidump collection.
+
+How a kernel client driver can register region with minidump
+------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Client driver can use ``qcom_minidump_region_register`` API's to register
+and ``qcom_minidump_region_unregister`` to unregister their region from
+minidump driver.
+
+Client needs to fill their region by filling ``qcom_minidump_region``
+structure object which consists of the region name, region's virtual
+and physical address and its size.
+
+Below, is one sample client driver snippet which tries to allocate a
+region from kernel heap of certain size and it writes a certain known
+pattern (that can help in verification after collection that we got
+the exact pattern, what we wrote) and registers it with minidump.
+
+ .. code-block:: c
+
+ #include <soc/qcom/qcom_minidump.h>
+ [...]
+
+
+ [... inside a function ...]
+ struct qcom_minidump_region region;
+
+ [...]
+
+ client_mem_region = kzalloc(region_size, GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!client_mem_region)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ [... Just write a pattern ...]
+ memset(client_mem_region, 0xAB, region_size);
+
+ [... Fill up the region object ...]
+ strlcpy(region.name, "REGION_A", sizeof(region.name));
+ region.virt_addr = client_mem_region;
+ region.phys_addr = virt_to_phys(client_mem_region);
+ region.size = region_size;
+
+ ret = qcom_minidump_region_register(&region);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ pr_err("failed to add region in minidump: err: %d\n", ret);
+ return ret;
+ }
+
+ [...]
+
+
+Test
+----
+
+Existing Qualcomm devices already supports entire RAM dump (also called
+full dump) by writing appropriate value to Qualcomm's top control and
+status register (tcsr) in ``driver/firmware/qcom_scm.c`` .
+
+SCM device Tree bindings required to support download mode
+For example (sm8450) ::
+
+ / {
+
+ [...]
+
+ firmware {
+ scm: scm {
+ compatible = "qcom,scm-sm8450", "qcom,scm";
+ [... tcsr register ... ]
+ qcom,dload-mode = <&tcsr 0x13000>;
+
+ [...]
+ };
+ };
+
+ [...]
+
+ soc: soc@0 {
+
+ [...]
+
+ tcsr: syscon@1fc0000 {
+ compatible = "qcom,sm8450-tcsr", "syscon";
+ reg = <0x0 0x1fc0000 0x0 0x30000>;
+ };
+
+ [...]
+ };
+ [...]
+
+ };
+
+User of minidump can pass ``qcom_scm.download_mode="mini"`` to kernel
+commandline to set the current download mode to minidump.
+Similarly, ``"full"`` is passed to set the download mode to full dump
+where entire RAM dump will be collected while setting it ``"full,mini"``
+will collect minidump along with fulldump.
+
+Writing to sysfs node can also be used to set the mode to minidump::
+
+ echo "mini" > /sys/module/qcom_scm/parameter/download_mode
+
+Once the download mode is set, any kind of crash will make the device collect
+respective dump as per set download mode.
+
+Dump collection
+---------------
+
+ +-----------+
+ | |
+ | | +------+
+ | | | |
+ | | +--+---+ Product(Qualcomm SoC)
+ +-----------+ |
+ |+++++++++++|<------------+
+ |+++++++++++| usb cable
+ +-----------+
+ x86_64 PC
+
+The solution supports a product running with Qualcomm SoC (where minidump)
+is supported from the firmware) connected to x86_64 host PC running PCAT
+tool. It supports downloading the minidump produced from product to the
+host PC over USB or to save the minidump to the product attached storage
+device(UFS/eMMC/SD Card) into minidump dedicated partition.
+
+By default, dumps are downloaded via USB to the attached x86_64 PC running
+PCAT (Qualcomm tool) software. Upon download, we will see a set of binary
+blobs starting with name ``md_*`` in PCAT configured directory in x86_64
+machine, so for above example from the client it will be ``md_REGION_A.BIN``.
+This binary blob depends on region content to determine whether it needs
+external parser support to get the content of the region, so for simple
+plain ASCII text we don't need any parsing and the content can be seen
+just opening the binary file.
+
+To collect the dump to attached storage type, one needs to write appropriate
+value to IMEM register, in that case dumps are collected in rawdump
+partition on the product device itself.
+
+One needs to read the entire rawdump partition and pull out content to
+save it onto the attached x86_64 machine over USB. Later, this rawdump
+can be passed to another tool (``dexter.exe`` [Qualcomm tool]) which
+converts this into the similar binary blobs which we have got it when
+download type was set to USB, i.e. a set of registered regions as blobs
+and their name starts with ``md_*``.
+
+Replacing the ``dexter.exe`` with some open source tool can be added as future
+scope of this document.
--
2.7.4