[PATCH v4 1/2] sched/fair: Check a task has a fitting cpu when updating misfit

Qais Yousef
2024-01-05T22:20:27Z

From: Qais Yousef <qais.yousef@arm.com>

If a misfit task is affined to a subset of the possible cpus, we need to
verify that one of these cpus can fit it. Otherwise the load balancer
code will continuously trigger needlessly leading the balance_interval
to increase in return and eventually end up with a situation where real
imbalances take a long time to address because of this impossible
imbalance situation.

This can happen in Android world where it's common for background tasks
to be restricted to little cores.

Similarly if we can't fit the biggest core, triggering misfit is
pointless as it is the best we can ever get on this system.

To be able to detect that; we use asym_cap_list to iterate through
capacities in the system to see if the task is able to run at a higher
capacity level based on its p->cpus_ptr. To do so safely, we convert the
list to be RCU protected.

To be able to iterate through capacity levels, export asym_cap_list to
allow for fast traversal of all available capacity levels in the system.

Test:
=====

Add

trace_printk("balance_interval = %lu\n", interval)

in get_sd_balance_interval().

run
if [ "$MASK" != "0" ]; then
adb shell "taskset -a $MASK cat /dev/zero > /dev/null"
fi
sleep 10
// parse ftrace buffer counting the occurrence of each valaue

Where MASK is either:

* 0: no busy task running
* 1: busy task is pinned to 1 cpu; handled today to not cause
misfit
* f: busy task pinned to little cores, simulates busy background
task, demonstrates the problem to be fixed

Results:
========

Note how occurrence of balance_interval = 128 overshoots for MASK = f.

BEFORE
------

MASK=0

1 balance_interval = 175
120 balance_interval = 128
846 balance_interval = 64
55 balance_interval = 63
215 balance_interval = 32
2 balance_interval = 31
2 balance_interval = 16
4 balance_interval = 8
1870 balance_interval = 4
65 balance_interval = 2

MASK=1

27 balance_interval = 175
37 balance_interval = 127
840 balance_interval = 64
167 balance_interval = 63
449 balance_interval = 32
84 balance_interval = 31
304 balance_interval = 16
1156 balance_interval = 8
2781 balance_interval = 4
428 balance_interval = 2

MASK=f

1 balance_interval = 175
1328 balance_interval = 128
44 balance_interval = 64
101 balance_interval = 63
25 balance_interval = 32
5 balance_interval = 31
23 balance_interval = 16
23 balance_interval = 8
4306 balance_interval = 4
177 balance_interval = 2

AFTER
-----

Note how the high values almost disappear for all MASK values. The
system has background tasks that could trigger the problem without
simulate it even with MASK=0.

MASK=0

103 balance_interval = 63
19 balance_interval = 31
194 balance_interval = 8
4827 balance_interval = 4
179 balance_interval = 2

MASK=1

131 balance_interval = 63
1 balance_interval = 31
87 balance_interval = 8
3600 balance_interval = 4
7 balance_interval = 2

MASK=f

8 balance_interval = 127
182 balance_interval = 63
3 balance_interval = 31
9 balance_interval = 16
415 balance_interval = 8
3415 balance_interval = 4
21 balance_interval = 2

Signed-off-by: Qais Yousef <qais.yousef@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Qais Yousef (Google) <qyousef@layalina.io>
---
kernel/sched/fair.c | 65 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
kernel/sched/sched.h | 14 +++++++++
kernel/sched/topology.c | 29 ++++++++----------
3 files changed, 81 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/sched/fair.c b/kernel/sched/fair.c
index bcea3d55d95d..0830ceb7ca07 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/fair.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/fair.c
@@ -5065,17 +5065,61 @@ static inline int task_fits_cpu(struct task_struct *p, int cpu)

static inline void update_misfit_status(struct task_struct *p, struct rq *rq)
{
+ unsigned long uclamp_min, uclamp_max;
+ unsigned long util, cpu_cap;
+ int cpu = cpu_of(rq);
+
if (!sched_asym_cpucap_active())
return;

- if (!p || p->nr_cpus_allowed == 1) {
- rq->misfit_task_load = 0;
- return;
- }
+ if (!p || p->nr_cpus_allowed == 1)
+ goto out;

- if (task_fits_cpu(p, cpu_of(rq))) {
- rq->misfit_task_load = 0;
- return;
+ cpu_cap = arch_scale_cpu_capacity(cpu);
+
+ /* If we can't fit the biggest CPU, that's the best we can ever get. */
+ if (cpu_cap == SCHED_CAPACITY_SCALE)
+ goto out;
+
+ uclamp_min = uclamp_eff_value(p, UCLAMP_MIN);
+ uclamp_max = uclamp_eff_value(p, UCLAMP_MAX);
+ util = task_util_est(p);
+
+ if (util_fits_cpu(util, uclamp_min, uclamp_max, cpu) > 0)
+ goto out;
+
+ /*
+ * If the task affinity is not set to default, make sure it is not
+ * restricted to a subset where no CPU can ever fit it. Triggering
+ * misfit in this case is pointless as it has no where better to move
+ * to. And it can lead to balance_interval to grow too high as we'll
+ * continuously fail to move it anywhere.
+ */
+ if (!cpumask_equal(p->cpus_ptr, cpu_possible_mask)) {
+ unsigned long clamped_util = clamp(util, uclamp_min, uclamp_max);
+ bool has_fitting_cpu = false;
+ struct asym_cap_data *entry;
+
+ rcu_read_lock();
+ list_for_each_entry_rcu(entry, &asym_cap_list, link) {
+ if (entry->capacity > cpu_cap) {
+ cpumask_t *cpumask;
+
+ if (clamped_util > entry->capacity)
+ continue;
+
+ cpumask = cpu_capacity_span(entry);
+ if (!cpumask_intersects(p->cpus_ptr, cpumask))
+ continue;
+
+ has_fitting_cpu = true;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+
+ if (!has_fitting_cpu)
+ goto out;
}

/*
@@ -5083,6 +5127,9 @@ static inline void update_misfit_status(struct task_struct *p, struct rq *rq)
* task_h_load() returns 0.
*/
rq->misfit_task_load = max_t(unsigned long, task_h_load(p), 1);
+ return;
+out:
+ rq->misfit_task_load = 0;
}

#else /* CONFIG_SMP */
@@ -9583,9 +9630,7 @@ check_cpu_capacity(struct rq *rq, struct sched_domain *sd)
*/
static inline int check_misfit_status(struct rq *rq, struct sched_domain *sd)
{
- return rq->misfit_task_load &&
- (arch_scale_cpu_capacity(rq->cpu) < rq->rd->max_cpu_capacity ||
- check_cpu_capacity(rq, sd));
+ return rq->misfit_task_load && check_cpu_capacity(rq, sd);
}

/*
diff --git a/kernel/sched/sched.h b/kernel/sched/sched.h
index e58a54bda77d..a653017a1b9b 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/sched.h
+++ b/kernel/sched/sched.h
@@ -109,6 +109,20 @@ extern int sysctl_sched_rt_period;
extern int sysctl_sched_rt_runtime;
extern int sched_rr_timeslice;

+/*
+ * Asymmetric CPU capacity bits
+ */
+struct asym_cap_data {
+ struct list_head link;
+ struct rcu_head rcu;
+ unsigned long capacity;
+ unsigned long cpus[];
+};
+
+extern struct list_head asym_cap_list;
+
+#define cpu_capacity_span(asym_data) to_cpumask((asym_data)->cpus)
+
/*
* Helpers for converting nanosecond timing to jiffy resolution
*/
diff --git a/kernel/sched/topology.c b/kernel/sched/topology.c
index 10d1391e7416..ba4a0b18ae25 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/topology.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/topology.c
@@ -1329,24 +1329,13 @@ static void init_sched_groups_capacity(int cpu, struct sched_domain *sd)
update_group_capacity(sd, cpu);
}

-/*
- * Asymmetric CPU capacity bits
- */
-struct asym_cap_data {
- struct list_head link;
- unsigned long capacity;
- unsigned long cpus[];
-};
-
/*
* Set of available CPUs grouped by their corresponding capacities
* Each list entry contains a CPU mask reflecting CPUs that share the same
* capacity.
* The lifespan of data is unlimited.
*/
-static LIST_HEAD(asym_cap_list);
-
-#define cpu_capacity_span(asym_data) to_cpumask((asym_data)->cpus)
+LIST_HEAD(asym_cap_list);

/*
* Verify whether there is any CPU capacity asymmetry in a given sched domain.
@@ -1386,6 +1375,12 @@ asym_cpu_capacity_classify(const struct cpumask *sd_span,

}

+static void free_asym_cap_entry(struct rcu_head *head)
+{
+ struct asym_cap_data *entry = container_of(head, struct asym_cap_data, rcu);
+ kfree(entry);
+}
+
static inline void asym_cpu_capacity_update_data(int cpu)
{
unsigned long capacity = arch_scale_cpu_capacity(cpu);
@@ -1400,7 +1395,7 @@ static inline void asym_cpu_capacity_update_data(int cpu)
if (WARN_ONCE(!entry, "Failed to allocate memory for asymmetry data\n"))
return;
entry->capacity = capacity;
- list_add(&entry->link, &asym_cap_list);
+ list_add_rcu(&entry->link, &asym_cap_list);
done:
__cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, cpu_capacity_span(entry));
}
@@ -1423,8 +1418,8 @@ static void asym_cpu_capacity_scan(void)

list_for_each_entry_safe(entry, next, &asym_cap_list, link) {
if (cpumask_empty(cpu_capacity_span(entry))) {
- list_del(&entry->link);
- kfree(entry);
+ list_del_rcu(&entry->link);
+ call_rcu(&entry->rcu, free_asym_cap_entry);
}
}

@@ -1434,8 +1429,8 @@ static void asym_cpu_capacity_scan(void)
*/
if (list_is_singular(&asym_cap_list)) {
entry = list_first_entry(&asym_cap_list, typeof(*entry), link);
- list_del(&entry->link);
- kfree(entry);
+ list_del_rcu(&entry->link);
+ call_rcu(&entry->rcu, free_asym_cap_entry);
}
}

--
2.34.1