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charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-3.51 / 50.00]; BAYES_HAM(-3.00)[99.99%]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; MID_CONTAINS_FROM(1.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[suse.de:s=susede2_rsa,suse.de:s=susede2_ed25519]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-0.20)[-1.000]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; MX_GOOD(-0.01)[]; DKIM_SIGNED(0.00)[suse.de:s=susede2_rsa,suse.de:s=susede2_ed25519]; FREEMAIL_TO(0.00)[gmail.com]; RBL_SPAMHAUS_BLOCKED_OPENRESOLVER(0.00)[2a07:de40:b281:104:10:150:64:97:from]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; FUZZY_RATELIMITED(0.00)[rspamd.com]; RCPT_COUNT_TWELVE(0.00)[13]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; FREEMAIL_ENVRCPT(0.00)[gmail.com]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; SPAMHAUS_XBL(0.00)[2a07:de40:b281:104:10:150:64:97:from]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; MISSING_XM_UA(0.00)[]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[suse.de:+]; DBL_BLOCKED_OPENRESOLVER(0.00)[imap1.dmz-prg2.suse.org:helo,imap1.dmz-prg2.suse.org:rdns] X-Rspamd-Action: no action X-Spam-Flag: NO X-Spam-Score: -3.51 X-Spam-Level: X-Rspamd-Server: rspamd1.dmz-prg2.suse.org X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 429AB3E709 On Thu, 19 Feb 2026 21:03:11 +0000, Askar Safin wrote: > If we generate external initramfs as normal user using "cpio" > command, then we cannot put /dev/console there. > > Fortunately, in this case default builtin initramfs will > contain /dev/console (before this commit). > > But if we generate builtin initramfs instead, then we will > not have /dev/console at all. Thus the kernel will be unable to > open /dev/console, and PID 1 will have stdin, stdout and stderr > closed. > > This problem can be solved by using gen_init_cpio. > > But I think that proper solution is to ensure that /dev/console > is always available, no matter what. This is quality-of-implementation > feature. This will reduce number of possible failure modes. And > this will make easier for developers to get early boot right. > (Early boot issues are very hard to debug.) I'd prefer not to go down this path: - I think it's reasonable to expect that users who override the default internal initramfs know what they're doing WRT /dev/console creation. - initramfs can be made up of concatenated cpio archives, so tools which insist on using GNU cpio and run into mknod EPERM issues could append the nodes via gen_init_cpio, while continuing to use GNU cpio for everything else. Thanks, David