[PATCH net v6 0/2] net,bpf: fix null-ptr-deref in xdp_master_redirect() for bonding and add selftest

[PATCH net v6 0/2] net,bpf: fix null-ptr-deref in xdp_master_redirect() for bonding and add selftest

[Jiayuan Chen]

From: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@shopee.com>

This series has gone through several rounds of discussion and the
maintainers hold different views on where the fix should live (in the
generic xdp_master_redirect() path vs. inside bonding). I respect all
of the suggestions, but I would like to get the crash fixed first, so
this version takes the approach of checking whether the master device
is up in xdp_master_redirect(), as suggested by Daniel Borkmann. If a
different shape is preferred later it can be done as a follow-up, but
the null-ptr-deref should not linger.

syzkaller reported a kernel panic, full decoded trace here:
https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=80e046b8da2820b6ba73

Problem Description

bond_rr_gen_slave_id() dereferences bond->rr_tx_counter without a NULL
check. rr_tx_counter is a per-CPU counter that bonding only allocates
in bond_open() when the mode is round-robin. If the bond device was
never brought up, rr_tx_counter stays NULL.

The XDP redirect path can still reach that code on a bond that was
never opened: bpf_master_redirect_enabled_key is a global static key,
so as soon as any bond device has native XDP attached, the
XDP_TX -> xdp_master_redirect() interception is enabled for every
slave system-wide. The path xdp_master_redirect() ->
bond_xdp_get_xmit_slave() -> bond_xdp_xmit_roundrobin_slave_get() ->
bond_rr_gen_slave_id() then runs against a bond that has no
rr_tx_counter and crashes.

Solution

Patch 1: Fix this in the generic xdp_master_redirect() by skipping
master interception when the master device is not running. Returning
XDP_TX keeps the original XDP_TX behaviour on the receiving slave, and
avoids calling into any master ->ndo_xdp_get_xmit_slave() on a device
that has not fully initialized its XDP state. This is not specific to
bonding: any current or future master that defers XDP state allocation
to ->ndo_open() is protected.
Patch 2: Add a selftest that reproduces the above scenario.

Changes since v5:
https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20260309030659.xxxxx-1-jiayuan.chen@linux.dev/
- Moved the fix back into xdp_master_redirect() and use netif_running()
  on the master device to decide whether to intercept
  (Suggested by Daniel Borkmann, seconded by Paolo Abeni and Eric Dumazet)

Changes since v4:
https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20260304074301.35482-1-jiayuan.chen@linux.dev/
- Reverted unconditional alloc in bond_init(); instead add a NULL check
  with unlikely()/READ_ONCE() in bond_rr_gen_slave_id() and WRITE_ONCE()
  in bond_open(), avoiding memory waste for non-RR modes
  (Suggested by Nikolay Aleksandrov, patch by Jay Vosburgh)

Changes since v3:
https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20260228021918.141002-1-jiayuan.chen@linux.dev/T/#t
- Added code comment and commit log explaining why rr_tx_counter is
  allocated unconditionally for all modes (Suggested by Jay Vosburgh)

Changes since v2:
https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20260227092254.272603-1-jiayuan.chen@linux.dev/T/#t
- Moved allocation from bond_create_init() helper into bond_init()
  (ndo_init), which is the natural single point covering both creation
  paths and also handles post-creation mode changes to round-robin

Changes since v1:
https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20260224112545.37888-1-jiayuan.chen@linux.dev/T/#t
- Moved the guard for NULL rr_tx_counter from xdp_master_redirect()
  into the bonding subsystem itself
  (Suggested by Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>)

[1] https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=80e046b8da2820b6ba73

Jiayuan Chen (2):
  net, bpf: fix null-ptr-deref in xdp_master_redirect() for down master
  selftests/bpf: add test for xdp_master_redirect with bond not up

 net/core/filter.c                             |   2 +
 .../selftests/bpf/prog_tests/xdp_bonding.c    | 101 +++++++++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 101 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH net v6 1/2] net, bpf: fix null-ptr-deref in xdp_master_redirect() for down master

[Jiayuan Chen]

syzkaller reported a kernel panic in bond_rr_gen_slave_id() reached via
xdp_master_redirect(). Full decoded trace:

  https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=80e046b8da2820b6ba73

bond_rr_gen_slave_id() dereferences bond->rr_tx_counter, a per-CPU
counter that bonding only allocates in bond_open() when the mode is
round-robin. If the bond device was never brought up, rr_tx_counter
stays NULL.

The XDP redirect path can still reach that code on a bond that was
never opened: bpf_master_redirect_enabled_key is a global static key,
so as soon as any bond device has native XDP attached, the
XDP_TX -> xdp_master_redirect() interception is enabled for every
slave system-wide. The path xdp_master_redirect() ->
bond_xdp_get_xmit_slave() -> bond_xdp_xmit_roundrobin_slave_get() ->
bond_rr_gen_slave_id() then runs against a bond that has no
rr_tx_counter and crashes.

Fix this in the generic xdp_master_redirect() by refusing to call into
the master's ->ndo_xdp_get_xmit_slave() when the master device is not
up. IFF_UP is only set after ->ndo_open() has successfully returned,
so this reliably excludes masters whose XDP state has not been fully
initialized. Drop the frame with XDP_ABORTED so the exception is
visible via trace_xdp_exception() rather than silently falling through.
This is not specific to bonding: any current or future master that
defers XDP state allocation to ->ndo_open() is protected.

Fixes: 879af96ffd72 ("net, core: Add support for XDP redirection to slave device")
Reported-by: syzbot+80e046b8da2820b6ba73@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/698f84c6.a70a0220.2c38d7.00cc.GAE@google.com/T/
Suggested-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@linux.dev>
---
 net/core/filter.c | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/net/core/filter.c b/net/core/filter.c
index cf2113af4bc9..9ec70c4b7723 100644
--- a/net/core/filter.c
+++ b/net/core/filter.c
@@ -4398,6 +4398,8 @@ u32 xdp_master_redirect(struct xdp_buff *xdp)
 	struct net_device *master, *slave;
 
 	master = netdev_master_upper_dev_get_rcu(xdp->rxq->dev);
+	if (unlikely(!(master->flags & IFF_UP)))
+		return XDP_ABORTED;
 	slave = master->netdev_ops->ndo_xdp_get_xmit_slave(master, xdp);
 	if (slave && slave != xdp->rxq->dev) {
 		/* The target device is different from the receiving device, so
-- 
2.43.0

Re: [PATCH net v6 1/2] net, bpf: fix null-ptr-deref in xdp_master_redirect() for down master

[Daniel Borkmann]

On 4/10/26 1:37 PM, Jiayuan Chen wrote:
> syzkaller reported a kernel panic in bond_rr_gen_slave_id() reached via
> xdp_master_redirect(). Full decoded trace:
> 
>    https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=80e046b8da2820b6ba73
> 
> bond_rr_gen_slave_id() dereferences bond->rr_tx_counter, a per-CPU
> counter that bonding only allocates in bond_open() when the mode is
> round-robin. If the bond device was never brought up, rr_tx_counter
> stays NULL.
> 
> The XDP redirect path can still reach that code on a bond that was
> never opened: bpf_master_redirect_enabled_key is a global static key,
> so as soon as any bond device has native XDP attached, the
> XDP_TX -> xdp_master_redirect() interception is enabled for every
> slave system-wide. The path xdp_master_redirect() ->
> bond_xdp_get_xmit_slave() -> bond_xdp_xmit_roundrobin_slave_get() ->
> bond_rr_gen_slave_id() then runs against a bond that has no
> rr_tx_counter and crashes.
> 
> Fix this in the generic xdp_master_redirect() by refusing to call into
> the master's ->ndo_xdp_get_xmit_slave() when the master device is not
> up. IFF_UP is only set after ->ndo_open() has successfully returned,
> so this reliably excludes masters whose XDP state has not been fully
> initialized. Drop the frame with XDP_ABORTED so the exception is
> visible via trace_xdp_exception() rather than silently falling through.
> This is not specific to bonding: any current or future master that
> defers XDP state allocation to ->ndo_open() is protected.
> 
> Fixes: 879af96ffd72 ("net, core: Add support for XDP redirection to slave device")
> Reported-by: syzbot+80e046b8da2820b6ba73@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/698f84c6.a70a0220.2c38d7.00cc.GAE@google.com/T/
> Suggested-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
> Signed-off-by: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@linux.dev>
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>

[PATCH net v6 2/2] selftests/bpf: add test for xdp_master_redirect with bond not up

[Jiayuan Chen]

Add a selftest that reproduces the null-ptr-deref in
bond_rr_gen_slave_id() when XDP redirect targets a bond device in
round-robin mode that was never brought up. The test verifies the fix
by ensuring no crash occurs.

Test setup:
- bond0: active-backup mode, UP, with native XDP (enables
  bpf_master_redirect_enabled_key globally)
- bond1: round-robin mode, never UP
- veth1: slave of bond1, with generic XDP (XDP_TX)
- BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN with live frames triggers the redirect path

Signed-off-by: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@linux.dev>
---
 .../selftests/bpf/prog_tests/xdp_bonding.c    | 101 +++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 99 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/xdp_bonding.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/xdp_bonding.c
index e8ea26464349..0d4ec1e5b401 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/xdp_bonding.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/xdp_bonding.c
@@ -191,13 +191,18 @@ static int bonding_setup(struct skeletons *skeletons, int mode, int xmit_policy,
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static void bonding_cleanup(struct skeletons *skeletons)
+static void link_cleanup(struct skeletons *skeletons)
 {
-	restore_root_netns();
 	while (skeletons->nlinks) {
 		skeletons->nlinks--;
 		bpf_link__destroy(skeletons->links[skeletons->nlinks]);
 	}
+}
+
+static void bonding_cleanup(struct skeletons *skeletons)
+{
+	restore_root_netns();
+	link_cleanup(skeletons);
 	ASSERT_OK(system("ip link delete bond1"), "delete bond1");
 	ASSERT_OK(system("ip link delete veth1_1"), "delete veth1_1");
 	ASSERT_OK(system("ip link delete veth1_2"), "delete veth1_2");
@@ -493,6 +498,95 @@ static void test_xdp_bonding_nested(struct skeletons *skeletons)
 	system("ip link del bond_nest2");
 }
 
+/*
+ * Test that XDP redirect via xdp_master_redirect() does not crash when
+ * the bond master device is not up. When bond is in round-robin mode but
+ * never opened, rr_tx_counter is NULL.
+ */
+static void test_xdp_bonding_redirect_no_up(struct skeletons *skeletons)
+{
+	struct nstoken *nstoken = NULL;
+	int xdp_pass_fd, xdp_tx_fd;
+	int veth1_ifindex;
+	int err;
+	char pkt[ETH_HLEN + 1];
+	struct xdp_md ctx_in = {};
+
+	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_test_run_opts, opts,
+			    .data_in = &pkt,
+			    .data_size_in = sizeof(pkt),
+			    .ctx_in = &ctx_in,
+			    .ctx_size_in = sizeof(ctx_in),
+			    .flags = BPF_F_TEST_XDP_LIVE_FRAMES,
+			    .repeat = 1,
+			    .batch_size = 1,
+		);
+
+	/* We can't use bonding_setup() because bond will be active */
+	SYS(out, "ip netns add ns_rr_no_up");
+	nstoken = open_netns("ns_rr_no_up");
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(nstoken, "open ns_rr_no_up"))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* bond0: active-backup, UP with slave veth0.
+	 * Attaching native XDP to bond0 enables bpf_master_redirect_enabled_key
+	 * globally.
+	 */
+	SYS(out, "ip link add bond0 type bond mode active-backup");
+	SYS(out, "ip link add veth0 type veth peer name veth0p");
+	SYS(out, "ip link set veth0 master bond0");
+	SYS(out, "ip link set bond0 up");
+	SYS(out, "ip link set veth0p up");
+
+	/* bond1: round-robin, never UP -> rr_tx_counter stays NULL */
+	SYS(out, "ip link add bond1 type bond mode balance-rr");
+	SYS(out, "ip link add veth1 type veth peer name veth1p");
+	SYS(out, "ip link set veth1 master bond1");
+
+	veth1_ifindex = if_nametoindex("veth1");
+	if (!ASSERT_GT(veth1_ifindex, 0, "veth1_ifindex"))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Attach native XDP to bond0 -> enables global redirect key */
+	if (xdp_attach(skeletons, skeletons->xdp_tx->progs.xdp_tx, "bond0"))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Attach generic XDP (XDP_TX) to veth1.
+	 * When packets arrive at veth1 via netif_receive_skb, do_xdp_generic()
+	 * runs this program. XDP_TX + bond slave triggers xdp_master_redirect().
+	 */
+	xdp_tx_fd = bpf_program__fd(skeletons->xdp_tx->progs.xdp_tx);
+	if (!ASSERT_GE(xdp_tx_fd, 0, "xdp_tx prog_fd"))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = bpf_xdp_attach(veth1_ifindex, xdp_tx_fd,
+			     XDP_FLAGS_SKB_MODE, NULL);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "attach generic XDP to veth1"))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Run BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN with XDP_PASS live frames on veth1.
+	 * XDP_PASS frames become SKBs with skb->dev = veth1, entering
+	 * netif_receive_skb -> do_xdp_generic -> xdp_master_redirect.
+	 * Without the fix, bond_rr_gen_slave_id() dereferences NULL
+	 * rr_tx_counter and crashes.
+	 */
+	xdp_pass_fd = bpf_program__fd(skeletons->xdp_dummy->progs.xdp_dummy_prog);
+	if (!ASSERT_GE(xdp_pass_fd, 0, "xdp_pass prog_fd"))
+		goto out;
+
+	memset(pkt, 0, sizeof(pkt));
+	ctx_in.data_end = sizeof(pkt);
+	ctx_in.ingress_ifindex = veth1_ifindex;
+
+	err = bpf_prog_test_run_opts(xdp_pass_fd, &opts);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "xdp_pass test_run should not crash");
+
+out:
+	link_cleanup(skeletons);
+	close_netns(nstoken);
+	SYS_NOFAIL("ip netns del ns_rr_no_up");
+}
+
 static void test_xdp_bonding_features(struct skeletons *skeletons)
 {
 	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_xdp_query_opts, query_opts);
@@ -738,6 +832,9 @@ void serial_test_xdp_bonding(void)
 	if (test__start_subtest("xdp_bonding_redirect_multi"))
 		test_xdp_bonding_redirect_multi(&skeletons);
 
+	if (test__start_subtest("xdp_bonding_redirect_no_up"))
+		test_xdp_bonding_redirect_no_up(&skeletons);
+
 out:
 	xdp_dummy__destroy(skeletons.xdp_dummy);
 	xdp_tx__destroy(skeletons.xdp_tx);
-- 
2.43.0

Re: [PATCH net v6 2/2] selftests/bpf: add test for xdp_master_redirect with bond not up

[Daniel Borkmann]

On 4/10/26 1:37 PM, Jiayuan Chen wrote:
> Add a selftest that reproduces the null-ptr-deref in
> bond_rr_gen_slave_id() when XDP redirect targets a bond device in
> round-robin mode that was never brought up. The test verifies the fix
> by ensuring no crash occurs.
> 
> Test setup:
> - bond0: active-backup mode, UP, with native XDP (enables
>    bpf_master_redirect_enabled_key globally)
> - bond1: round-robin mode, never UP
> - veth1: slave of bond1, with generic XDP (XDP_TX)
> - BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN with live frames triggers the redirect path
> 
> Signed-off-by: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@linux.dev>

I checked locally that this XDP test passes fine and triggers a NULL
pointer deref without the fix.

[...]
> +	/* Attach generic XDP (XDP_TX) to veth1.
> +	 * When packets arrive at veth1 via netif_receive_skb, do_xdp_generic()
> +	 * runs this program. XDP_TX + bond slave triggers xdp_master_redirect().
> +	 */
> +	xdp_tx_fd = bpf_program__fd(skeletons->xdp_tx->progs.xdp_tx);
> +	if (!ASSERT_GE(xdp_tx_fd, 0, "xdp_tx prog_fd"))
> +		goto out;

nit: no need for the ASSERT_GE given the skeleton loaded, see also the various
other tests gathering bpf_program__fd().

> +	err = bpf_xdp_attach(veth1_ifindex, xdp_tx_fd,
> +			     XDP_FLAGS_SKB_MODE, NULL);
> +	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "attach generic XDP to veth1"))
> +		goto out;
> +
> +	/* Run BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN with XDP_PASS live frames on veth1.
> +	 * XDP_PASS frames become SKBs with skb->dev = veth1, entering
> +	 * netif_receive_skb -> do_xdp_generic -> xdp_master_redirect.
> +	 * Without the fix, bond_rr_gen_slave_id() dereferences NULL
> +	 * rr_tx_counter and crashes.
> +	 */
> +	xdp_pass_fd = bpf_program__fd(skeletons->xdp_dummy->progs.xdp_dummy_prog);
> +	if (!ASSERT_GE(xdp_pass_fd, 0, "xdp_pass prog_fd"))
> +		goto out;

ditto, can be simplified a bit into:

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/xdp_bonding.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/xdp_bonding.c
index 0d4ec1e5b401..c42488e445c2 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/xdp_bonding.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/xdp_bonding.c
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ static void test_xdp_bonding_nested(struct skeletons *skeletons)
  static void test_xdp_bonding_redirect_no_up(struct skeletons *skeletons)
  {
  	struct nstoken *nstoken = NULL;
-	int xdp_pass_fd, xdp_tx_fd;
+	int xdp_pass_fd;
  	int veth1_ifindex;
  	int err;
  	char pkt[ETH_HLEN + 1];
@@ -555,11 +555,8 @@ static void test_xdp_bonding_redirect_no_up(struct skeletons *skeletons)
  	 * When packets arrive at veth1 via netif_receive_skb, do_xdp_generic()
  	 * runs this program. XDP_TX + bond slave triggers xdp_master_redirect().
  	 */
-	xdp_tx_fd = bpf_program__fd(skeletons->xdp_tx->progs.xdp_tx);
-	if (!ASSERT_GE(xdp_tx_fd, 0, "xdp_tx prog_fd"))
-		goto out;
-
-	err = bpf_xdp_attach(veth1_ifindex, xdp_tx_fd,
+	err = bpf_xdp_attach(veth1_ifindex,
+			     bpf_program__fd(skeletons->xdp_tx->progs.xdp_tx),
  			     XDP_FLAGS_SKB_MODE, NULL);
  	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "attach generic XDP to veth1"))
  		goto out;
@@ -571,8 +568,6 @@ static void test_xdp_bonding_redirect_no_up(struct skeletons *skeletons)
  	 * rr_tx_counter and crashes.
  	 */
  	xdp_pass_fd = bpf_program__fd(skeletons->xdp_dummy->progs.xdp_dummy_prog);
-	if (!ASSERT_GE(xdp_pass_fd, 0, "xdp_pass prog_fd"))
-		goto out;
  
  	memset(pkt, 0, sizeof(pkt));
  	ctx_in.data_end = sizeof(pkt);