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Tue, 05 May 2026 08:39:02 -0700 (PDT) From: Nhat Pham To: kasong@tencent.com Cc: Liam.Howlett@oracle.com, akpm@linux-foundation.org, apopple@nvidia.com, axelrasmussen@google.com, baohua@kernel.org, baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com, bhe@redhat.com, byungchul@sk.com, cgroups@vger.kernel.org, chengming.zhou@linux.dev, chrisl@kernel.org, corbet@lwn.net, david@kernel.org, dev.jain@arm.com, gourry@gourry.net, hannes@cmpxchg.org, hughd@google.com, jannh@google.com, joshua.hahnjy@gmail.com, lance.yang@linux.dev, lenb@kernel.org, linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org, linux-pm@vger.kernel.org, lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com, matthew.brost@intel.com, mhocko@suse.com, muchun.song@linux.dev, npache@redhat.com, nphamcs@gmail.com, pavel@kernel.org, peterx@redhat.com, peterz@infradead.org, pfalcato@suse.de, rafael@kernel.org, rakie.kim@sk.com, roman.gushchin@linux.dev, rppt@kernel.org, ryan.roberts@arm.com, shakeel.butt@linux.dev, shikemeng@huaweicloud.com, surenb@google.com, tglx@kernel.org, vbabka@suse.cz, weixugc@google.com, ying.huang@linux.alibaba.com, yosry.ahmed@linux.dev, yuanchu@google.com, zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com, ziy@nvidia.com, kernel-team@meta.com, riel@surriel.com, haowenchao22@gmail.com Subject: [PATCH v6 03/22] mm: swap: add an abstract API for locking out swapoff Date: Tue, 5 May 2026 08:38:32 -0700 Message-ID: <20260505153854.1612033-4-nphamcs@gmail.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.52.0 In-Reply-To: <20260505153854.1612033-1-nphamcs@gmail.com> References: <20260505153854.1612033-1-nphamcs@gmail.com> Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Currently, we get a reference to the backing swap device in order to prevent swapoff from freeing the metadata of a swap entry. This does not make sense in the new virtual swap design, especially after the swap backends are decoupled - a swap entry might not have any backing swap device at all, and its backend might change at any time during its lifetime. In preparation for this, abstract away the swapoff locking out behavior into a generic API. Signed-off-by: Nhat Pham --- include/linux/swap.h | 17 +++++++++++++++++ mm/memory.c | 13 +++++++------ mm/mincore.c | 15 ++++++--------- mm/shmem.c | 12 ++++++------ mm/swap_state.c | 14 +++++++------- mm/userfaultfd.c | 15 +++++++++------ mm/zswap.c | 5 ++--- 7 files changed, 54 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-) diff --git a/include/linux/swap.h b/include/linux/swap.h index aa29d8ac542d..3da637b218ba 100644 --- a/include/linux/swap.h +++ b/include/linux/swap.h @@ -659,5 +659,22 @@ static inline bool mem_cgroup_swap_full(struct folio *folio) } #endif +static inline bool tryget_swap_entry(swp_entry_t entry, + struct swap_info_struct **sip) +{ + struct swap_info_struct *si = get_swap_device(entry); + + if (sip) + *sip = si; + + return si; +} + +static inline void put_swap_entry(swp_entry_t entry, + struct swap_info_struct *si) +{ + put_swap_device(si); +} + #endif /* __KERNEL__*/ #endif /* _LINUX_SWAP_H */ diff --git a/mm/memory.c b/mm/memory.c index da360a6eb8a4..90031f833f52 100644 --- a/mm/memory.c +++ b/mm/memory.c @@ -4630,6 +4630,7 @@ vm_fault_t do_swap_page(struct vm_fault *vmf) struct swap_info_struct *si = NULL; rmap_t rmap_flags = RMAP_NONE; bool need_clear_cache = false; + bool swapoff_locked = false; bool exclusive = false; softleaf_t entry; pte_t pte; @@ -4698,8 +4699,8 @@ vm_fault_t do_swap_page(struct vm_fault *vmf) } /* Prevent swapoff from happening to us. */ - si = get_swap_device(entry); - if (unlikely(!si)) + swapoff_locked = tryget_swap_entry(entry, &si); + if (unlikely(!swapoff_locked)) goto out; folio = swap_cache_get_folio(entry); @@ -5047,8 +5048,8 @@ vm_fault_t do_swap_page(struct vm_fault *vmf) if (waitqueue_active(&swapcache_wq)) wake_up(&swapcache_wq); } - if (si) - put_swap_device(si); + if (swapoff_locked) + put_swap_entry(entry, si); return ret; out_nomap: if (vmf->pte) @@ -5066,8 +5067,8 @@ vm_fault_t do_swap_page(struct vm_fault *vmf) if (waitqueue_active(&swapcache_wq)) wake_up(&swapcache_wq); } - if (si) - put_swap_device(si); + if (swapoff_locked) + put_swap_entry(entry, si); return ret; } diff --git a/mm/mincore.c b/mm/mincore.c index e5d13eea9234..ee6ce6088d51 100644 --- a/mm/mincore.c +++ b/mm/mincore.c @@ -78,18 +78,15 @@ static unsigned char mincore_swap(swp_entry_t entry, bool shmem) return !shmem; /* - * Shmem mapping lookup is lockless, so we need to grab the swap - * device. mincore page table walk locks the PTL, and the swap - * device is stable, avoid touching the si for better performance. + * Shmem mapping lookup is lockless, so we need to pin the swap entry. + * mincore page table walk holds the PTL, which keeps the swap entry + * (and thus its vswap cluster) alive, so skip the pin for performance. */ - if (shmem) { - si = get_swap_device(entry); - if (!si) - return 0; - } + if (shmem && !tryget_swap_entry(entry, &si)) + return 0; folio = swap_cache_get_folio(entry); if (shmem) - put_swap_device(si); + put_swap_entry(entry, si); /* The swap cache space contains either folio, shadow or NULL */ if (folio && !xa_is_value(folio)) { present = folio_test_uptodate(folio); diff --git a/mm/shmem.c b/mm/shmem.c index 1db97ef2d14e..b40be22fa5f0 100644 --- a/mm/shmem.c +++ b/mm/shmem.c @@ -2307,7 +2307,7 @@ static int shmem_swapin_folio(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index, softleaf_t index_entry; struct swap_info_struct *si; struct folio *folio = NULL; - bool skip_swapcache = false; + bool swapoff_locked, skip_swapcache = false; int error, nr_pages, order; pgoff_t offset; @@ -2319,16 +2319,16 @@ static int shmem_swapin_folio(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index, if (softleaf_is_poison_marker(index_entry)) return -EIO; - si = get_swap_device(index_entry); + swapoff_locked = tryget_swap_entry(index_entry, &si); order = shmem_confirm_swap(mapping, index, index_entry); - if (unlikely(!si)) { + if (unlikely(!swapoff_locked)) { if (order < 0) return -EEXIST; else return -EINVAL; } if (unlikely(order < 0)) { - put_swap_device(si); + put_swap_entry(index_entry, si); return -EEXIST; } @@ -2448,7 +2448,7 @@ static int shmem_swapin_folio(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index, } folio_mark_dirty(folio); swap_free_nr(swap, nr_pages); - put_swap_device(si); + put_swap_entry(swap, si); *foliop = folio; return 0; @@ -2466,7 +2466,7 @@ static int shmem_swapin_folio(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index, swapcache_clear(si, folio->swap, folio_nr_pages(folio)); if (folio) folio_put(folio); - put_swap_device(si); + put_swap_entry(swap, si); return error; } diff --git a/mm/swap_state.c b/mm/swap_state.c index 01212975c00c..7647341e00ed 100644 --- a/mm/swap_state.c +++ b/mm/swap_state.c @@ -539,8 +539,7 @@ struct folio *read_swap_cache_async(swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask, pgoff_t ilx; struct folio *folio; - si = get_swap_device(entry); - if (!si) + if (!tryget_swap_entry(entry, &si)) return NULL; mpol = get_vma_policy(vma, addr, 0, &ilx); @@ -551,7 +550,7 @@ struct folio *read_swap_cache_async(swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask, if (page_allocated) swap_read_folio(folio, plug); - put_swap_device(si); + put_swap_entry(entry, si); return folio; } @@ -764,6 +763,7 @@ static struct folio *swap_vma_readahead(swp_entry_t targ_entry, gfp_t gfp_mask, for (addr = start; addr < end; ilx++, addr += PAGE_SIZE) { struct swap_info_struct *si = NULL; softleaf_t entry; + bool swapoff_locked = false; if (!pte++) { pte = pte_offset_map(vmf->pmd, addr); @@ -782,14 +782,14 @@ static struct folio *swap_vma_readahead(swp_entry_t targ_entry, gfp_t gfp_mask, * holding a reference to, try to grab a reference, or skip. */ if (swp_type(entry) != swp_type(targ_entry)) { - si = get_swap_device(entry); - if (!si) + swapoff_locked = tryget_swap_entry(entry, &si); + if (!swapoff_locked) continue; } folio = __read_swap_cache_async(entry, gfp_mask, mpol, ilx, &page_allocated, false); - if (si) - put_swap_device(si); + if (swapoff_locked) + put_swap_entry(entry, si); if (!folio) continue; if (page_allocated) { diff --git a/mm/userfaultfd.c b/mm/userfaultfd.c index e6dfd5f28acd..25f89eba0438 100644 --- a/mm/userfaultfd.c +++ b/mm/userfaultfd.c @@ -1262,9 +1262,11 @@ static long move_pages_ptes(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *dst_pmd, pmd_t *src_pmd pte_t *dst_pte = NULL; pmd_t dummy_pmdval; pmd_t dst_pmdval; + softleaf_t entry; struct folio *src_folio = NULL; struct mmu_notifier_range range; long ret = 0; + bool swapoff_locked = false; mmu_notifier_range_init(&range, MMU_NOTIFY_CLEAR, 0, mm, src_addr, src_addr + len); @@ -1429,7 +1431,7 @@ static long move_pages_ptes(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *dst_pmd, pmd_t *src_pmd len); } else { /* !pte_present() */ struct folio *folio = NULL; - const softleaf_t entry = softleaf_from_pte(orig_src_pte); + entry = softleaf_from_pte(orig_src_pte); if (softleaf_is_migration(entry)) { pte_unmap(src_pte); @@ -1449,8 +1451,8 @@ static long move_pages_ptes(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *dst_pmd, pmd_t *src_pmd goto out; } - si = get_swap_device(entry); - if (unlikely(!si)) { + swapoff_locked = tryget_swap_entry(entry, &si); + if (unlikely(!swapoff_locked)) { ret = -EAGAIN; goto out; } @@ -1480,8 +1482,9 @@ static long move_pages_ptes(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *dst_pmd, pmd_t *src_pmd pte_unmap(src_pte); pte_unmap(dst_pte); src_pte = dst_pte = NULL; - put_swap_device(si); + put_swap_entry(entry, si); si = NULL; + swapoff_locked = false; /* now we can block and wait */ folio_lock(src_folio); goto retry; @@ -1507,8 +1510,8 @@ static long move_pages_ptes(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *dst_pmd, pmd_t *src_pmd if (dst_pte) pte_unmap(dst_pte); mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(&range); - if (si) - put_swap_device(si); + if (swapoff_locked) + put_swap_entry(entry, si); return ret; } diff --git a/mm/zswap.c b/mm/zswap.c index ac9b7a60736b..315e4d0d0831 100644 --- a/mm/zswap.c +++ b/mm/zswap.c @@ -1009,14 +1009,13 @@ static int zswap_writeback_entry(struct zswap_entry *entry, int ret = 0; /* try to allocate swap cache folio */ - si = get_swap_device(swpentry); - if (!si) + if (!tryget_swap_entry(swpentry, &si)) return -EEXIST; mpol = get_task_policy(current); folio = __read_swap_cache_async(swpentry, GFP_KERNEL, mpol, NO_INTERLEAVE_INDEX, &folio_was_allocated, true); - put_swap_device(si); + put_swap_entry(swpentry, si); if (!folio) return -ENOMEM; -- 2.52.0