[PATCH 2/4] rust: bitmap: add contiguous area operations

[Eliot Courtney <ecourtney@nvidia.com>]

Add bindings and helpers for area operations on bitmaps. Each one is
made safe by adding some extra checks compared to the underlying C code
(for example, checking bounds) and with additional checks to catch
likely erroneous usage if `CONFIG_RUST_BITMAP_HARDENED` is on.

The C code uses signed integers for some parameters, for example the
length for `__bitmap_set`, so bounds check against i32::MAX. We can't
rely on `BitmapVec::MAX_LEN` because `Bitmap` may not necessarily be
backed by `BitmapVec`. There's also a few cases where a non power of two
minus one `align_mask` can cause an infinite loop in the C code (can
happen on overflow), so check for that.

Add tests demonstrating the edge cases.

Signed-off-by: Eliot Courtney <ecourtney@nvidia.com>
---
 rust/helpers/bitmap.c |  22 +++++
 rust/kernel/bitmap.rs | 219 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 241 insertions(+)

diff --git a/rust/helpers/bitmap.c b/rust/helpers/bitmap.c
index e4e9f4361270..dac5c03f2448 100644
--- a/rust/helpers/bitmap.c
+++ b/rust/helpers/bitmap.c
@@ -8,3 +8,25 @@ void rust_helper_bitmap_copy_and_extend(unsigned long *to, const unsigned long *
 {
 	bitmap_copy_and_extend(to, from, count, size);
 }
+
+__rust_helper
+unsigned long rust_helper_bitmap_find_next_zero_area(unsigned long *map,
+						     unsigned long size,
+						     unsigned long start,
+						     unsigned int nr,
+						     unsigned long align_mask)
+{
+	return bitmap_find_next_zero_area(map, size, start, nr, align_mask);
+}
+
+__rust_helper
+void rust_helper_bitmap_set(unsigned long *map, unsigned int start, unsigned int nbits)
+{
+	bitmap_set(map, start, nbits);
+}
+
+__rust_helper
+void rust_helper_bitmap_clear(unsigned long *map, unsigned int start, unsigned int nbits)
+{
+	bitmap_clear(map, start, nbits);
+}
diff --git a/rust/kernel/bitmap.rs b/rust/kernel/bitmap.rs
index a43bfe0ec3dc..f7290fa439d6 100644
--- a/rust/kernel/bitmap.rs
+++ b/rust/kernel/bitmap.rs
@@ -497,6 +497,129 @@ pub fn next_zero_bit(&self, start: usize) -> Option<usize> {
             Some(index)
         }
     }
+
+    /// Finds a contiguous area of `nbits` zero bits at or after `start`, aligned per `align_mask`.
+    ///
+    /// Returns the bit index of the start of the area, or [`None`] if no such area fitting in
+    /// the bitmap exists or the `align_mask` is invalid.
+    ///
+    /// `align_mask` should be `0` (no alignment) or one less than a power of two, in which case the
+    /// returned index is a multiple of that power of two.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if CONFIG_RUST_BITMAP_HARDENED is enabled and `start` is out of bounds or
+    /// `align_mask` is not `0` or `2^k - 1`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use kernel::alloc::{AllocError, flags::GFP_KERNEL};
+    /// use kernel::bitmap::BitmapVec;
+    ///
+    /// let mut b = BitmapVec::new(64, GFP_KERNEL)?;
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(Some(0), b.next_zero_area(0, 8, 0));
+    /// b.set_area(0, 5);
+    /// assert_eq!(Some(5), b.next_zero_area(0, 8, 0));
+    /// assert_eq!(Some(8), b.next_zero_area(0, 8, 7));
+    /// assert_eq!(None, b.next_zero_area(0, 65, 0));
+    /// # Ok::<(), AllocError>(())
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn next_zero_area(&self, start: usize, nbits: usize, align_mask: usize) -> Option<usize> {
+        bitmap_assert!(
+            start < self.len(),
+            "`start` must be < {}, was {}",
+            self.len(),
+            start
+        );
+
+        let valid_align_mask = align_mask
+            .checked_add(1)
+            .is_some_and(|p| p.is_power_of_two());
+
+        bitmap_assert!(
+            valid_align_mask,
+            "`align_mask` must be 0 or `2^k - 1`, was {}",
+            align_mask
+        );
+
+        if !valid_align_mask {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let nr = u32::try_from(nbits).ok()?;
+
+        // SAFETY: `bitmap_find_next_zero_area` is safe to use with an out of bounds `start` value,
+        // never reads beyond `self.len()` bits, and returns a value `>= self.len()` when no area is
+        // found.
+        let index = unsafe {
+            bindings::bitmap_find_next_zero_area(
+                self.as_ptr().cast_mut(),
+                self.len(),
+                start,
+                nr,
+                align_mask,
+            )
+        };
+
+        // In case of overflow, we may get back a range outside of what we requested.
+        let end = index.checked_add(nbits)?;
+        if index < start || index >= self.len() || end > self.len() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(index)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Sets a contiguous area of `nbits` bits starting at `start`.
+    ///
+    /// If CONFIG_RUST_BITMAP_HARDENED is not enabled and the area `start..start + nbits` is out of
+    /// bounds, does nothing.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if CONFIG_RUST_BITMAP_HARDENED is enabled and the area `start..start + nbits` is out
+    /// of bounds.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_area(&mut self, start: usize, nbits: usize) {
+        bitmap_assert_return!(
+            start
+                .checked_add(nbits)
+                .is_some_and(|end| end <= self.len() && end <= i32::MAX as usize),
+            "Area `start..start + nbits` ({}..{}) must be within bounds {}",
+            start,
+            start.saturating_add(nbits),
+            self.len()
+        );
+        // SAFETY: The area `start..start + nbits` is within bounds.
+        unsafe { bindings::bitmap_set(self.as_mut_ptr(), start as u32, nbits as u32) };
+    }
+
+    /// Clears a contiguous area of `nbits` bits starting at `start`.
+    ///
+    /// If CONFIG_RUST_BITMAP_HARDENED is not enabled and the area `start..start + nbits` is out of
+    /// bounds, does nothing.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if CONFIG_RUST_BITMAP_HARDENED is enabled and the area `start..start + nbits` is out
+    /// of bounds.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn clear_area(&mut self, start: usize, nbits: usize) {
+        bitmap_assert_return!(
+            start
+                .checked_add(nbits)
+                .is_some_and(|end| end <= self.len() && end <= i32::MAX as usize),
+            "Area `start..start + nbits` ({}..{}) must be within bounds {}",
+            start,
+            start.saturating_add(nbits),
+            self.len()
+        );
+        // SAFETY: The area `start..start + nbits` is within bounds.
+        unsafe { bindings::bitmap_clear(self.as_mut_ptr(), start as u32, nbits as u32) };
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(CONFIG_RUST_BITMAP_KUNIT_TEST)]
@@ -614,4 +737,100 @@ fn bitmap_copy_and_extend() -> Result<(), AllocError> {
         assert_eq!(Some(17), long_bitmap.last_bit());
         Ok(())
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn bitmap_area_set_clear_find() -> Result<(), AllocError> {
+        let mut b = BitmapVec::new(128, GFP_KERNEL)?;
+
+        assert_eq!(Some(0), b.next_zero_area(0, 5, 0));
+        b.set_area(0, 5); // Now contains {[0, 5)}.
+
+        assert_eq!(Some(0), b.next_bit(0));
+        assert_eq!(Some(4), b.next_bit(4));
+        assert_eq!(Some(5), b.next_zero_bit(0));
+        assert_eq!(Some(5), b.next_zero_area(0, 5, 0));
+        assert_eq!(Some(8), b.next_zero_area(0, 5, 7));
+
+        b.set_area(8, 8); // Now contains {[0, 5), [8, 16)}.
+        assert_eq!(Some(16), b.next_zero_area(0, 4, 15));
+        assert_eq!(Some(16), b.next_zero_area(0, 4, 0));
+
+        b.clear_area(0, 5); // Now contains {[8, 16)}.
+        assert_eq!(Some(0), b.next_zero_area(0, 5, 0));
+        assert_eq!(Some(8), b.next_bit(0));
+        assert_eq!(Some(15), b.last_bit());
+
+        b.clear_area(16, 0); // Zero-length in-bounds clears are no-ops.
+        assert_eq!(Some(8), b.next_bit(0));
+        assert_eq!(Some(15), b.last_bit());
+
+        // A zero-length request returns the first aligned position at or
+        // after the next zero bit, even if that position's own bit is set.
+        assert_eq!(Some(1), b.next_zero_area(1, 0, 0));
+        assert_eq!(Some(8), b.next_zero_area(1, 0, 7));
+
+        b.set_area(60, 10); // Now contains {[8, 16), [60, 70)}.
+        assert_eq!(Some(60), b.next_bit(16));
+        assert_eq!(Some(69), b.last_bit());
+        assert_eq!(Some(16), b.next_zero_area(9, 40, 0));
+        assert_eq!(Some(70), b.next_zero_area(0, 45, 0));
+
+        b.clear_area(62, 6); // Now contains {[8, 16), [60, 62), [68, 70)}.
+        assert_eq!(Some(62), b.next_zero_area(60, 6, 0));
+        assert_eq!(Some(61), b.next_bit(61));
+        assert_eq!(Some(69), b.last_bit());
+
+        b.set_area(64, 0); // Zero-length in-bounds sets are no-ops.
+        assert_eq!(Some(62), b.next_zero_bit(62));
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn bitmap_area_exhaustion() -> Result<(), AllocError> {
+        let mut b = BitmapVec::new(64, GFP_KERNEL)?;
+
+        assert_eq!(None, b.next_zero_area(0, 65, 0));
+        assert_eq!(None, b.next_zero_area(0, usize::MAX, 0));
+        assert_eq!(None, b.next_zero_area(1, usize::MAX, 0));
+
+        b.set_bit(0); // Now contains {[0, 1)}.
+        assert_eq!(None, b.next_zero_area(0, usize::MAX, 0));
+
+        b.set_area(0, 61); // Now contains {[0, 61)}.
+        assert_eq!(None, b.next_zero_area(0, 4, 0));
+        assert_eq!(Some(61), b.next_zero_area(0, 3, 0));
+        assert_eq!(None, b.next_zero_area(0, 1, 63));
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[cfg(not(CONFIG_RUST_BITMAP_HARDENED))]
+    fn bitmap_area_invalid_align() -> Result<(), AllocError> {
+        let mut b = BitmapVec::new(64, GFP_KERNEL)?;
+        b.set_bit(0);
+
+        assert_eq!(Some(1), b.next_zero_bit(1));
+        // If this isn't rejected, it would cause a hang in the C code.
+        assert_eq!(None, b.next_zero_area(1, 1, usize::MAX));
+        // Reject non `2^k - 1` alignment masks.
+        assert_eq!(None, b.next_zero_area(1, 1, 2));
+        assert_eq!(None, b.next_zero_area(1, 1, 5));
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[cfg(not(CONFIG_RUST_BITMAP_HARDENED))]
+    fn owned_bitmap_area_out_of_bounds() -> Result<(), AllocError> {
+        let mut b = BitmapVec::new(64, GFP_KERNEL)?;
+
+        // Should be ignored since out of bounds.
+        b.set_area(64, 4);
+        b.set_area(62, 8);
+        b.set_area(usize::MAX, 0);
+        b.clear_area(usize::MAX, 0);
+        b.clear_area(2048, 8);
+        assert_eq!(None, b.next_bit(0));
+        assert_eq!(None, b.next_zero_area(64, 1, 0));
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }

-- 
2.54.0