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Tue, 18 Aug 2026 12:51:54 -0700 (PDT) Received: from daehojeong-desktop.mtv.corp.google.com ([2a00:79e0:2e7c:8:50d9:e296:7754:dc83]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id 5a478bee46e88-3267be8e1d2sm19861272eec.15.2026.08.18.12.51.53 (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 bits=256/256); Tue, 18 Aug 2026 12:51:53 -0700 (PDT) From: Daeho Jeong To: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-f2fs-devel@lists.sourceforge.net, kernel-team@android.com Cc: Daeho Jeong , Sunmin Jeong Subject: [PATCH] f2fs: support pinned boundary section and unify pinned allocation Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 12:51:50 -0700 Message-ID: <20260818195150.102048-1-daeho43@gmail.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.55.0.691.gc56d675ccc-goog Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit From: Daeho Jeong Currently, zoned block devices restrict pinned file allocations to conventional zones at the beginning of the storage (before first_seq_zone_segno), triggering range GC when conventional space is exhausted. To support pinned area boundary configuration on regular block devices as well, introduce a unified `pinned_area_max_secno` boundary abstraction in `f2fs_sb_info`: 1. Add `-o pinned_boundary_secno=%u` mount option to allow configuring the pinned area upper bound at mount time. 2. In `f2fs_fill_super()`, initialize `sbi->pinned_area_max_secno` as: min(MAIN_SECS(sbi), zoned_max_sec, boundary_opt_sec). 3. In `get_new_segment()`, restrict segment allocation for pinned files (`pinning == true`) to `0 .. sbi->pinned_area_max_secno - 1`. If no free section is available in the pinned area, return -EAGAIN. 4. In `f2fs_allocate_pinning_section()`, unify the range GC trigger to run `f2fs_gc_range()` up to `sbi->pinned_area_max_secno` whenever `sbi->pinned_area_max_secno < MAIN_SECS(sbi)` and allocation returns -EAGAIN. 5. Expose `/sys/fs/f2fs//pinned_area_max_secno` as a read-only sysfs node. Signed-off-by: Daeho Jeong Signed-off-by: Sunmin Jeong --- Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-f2fs | 7 +++++ Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst | 5 ++++ fs/f2fs/f2fs.h | 2 ++ fs/f2fs/segment.c | 39 ++++++++++++++----------- fs/f2fs/segment.h | 1 + fs/f2fs/super.c | 36 +++++++++++++++++++++++ fs/f2fs/sysfs.c | 2 ++ 7 files changed, 75 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-f2fs b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-f2fs index 39ac8566822a..9e021312d6ae 100644 --- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-f2fs +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-f2fs @@ -1011,3 +1011,10 @@ Description: Every time a write operation completes f2fs_write_end_io() is e.g. from inside an interrupt handler. This attribute controls the maximum size of a write bio that is completed in atomic (atc) context. + +What: /sys/fs/f2fs//pinned_area_max_secno +Date: August 2026 +Contact: "Daeho Jeong" +Description: This is a read-only entry to show the upper bound section number + for pinned files. Pinned files will only be allocated within + sections 0 to pinned_area_max_secno - 1. diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst index 8c4a14ae444f..f71a23c079be 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst @@ -418,6 +418,11 @@ lookup_mode=%s Control the directory lookup behavior for casefolded on-disk `SB_ENC_NO_COMPAT_FALLBACK_FL` flag. ================== ======================================== +pinned_boundary_secno=%u Control the upper bound section number for pinned files. + Pinned files will only be allocated within sections + 0 to pinned_boundary_secno - 1. If set to 0 (default), + there is no boundary restriction unless running on a + zoned block device where conventional zones are used. ======================== ============================================================ Debugfs Entries diff --git a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h index f1774d4e18d2..021407186af8 100644 --- a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h +++ b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h @@ -254,6 +254,7 @@ struct f2fs_mount_info { block_t unusable_cap; /* Amount of space allowed to be * unusable when disabling checkpoint */ + unsigned int pinned_boundary_secno; /* upper bound section for pinned files */ /* For compression */ unsigned char compress_algorithm; /* algorithm type */ @@ -1970,6 +1971,7 @@ struct f2fs_sb_info { spinlock_t dev_lock; /* protect dirty_device */ bool aligned_blksize; /* all devices has the same logical blksize */ unsigned int first_seq_zone_segno; /* first segno in sequential zone */ + unsigned int pinned_area_max_secno; /* upper bound section for pinned files */ unsigned int bggc_io_aware; /* For adjust the BG_GC priority when pending IO */ unsigned int allocate_section_hint; /* the boundary position between devices */ unsigned int allocate_section_policy; /* determine the section writing priority */ diff --git a/fs/f2fs/segment.c b/fs/f2fs/segment.c index d71ddb3ee918..12a561d8f8c2 100644 --- a/fs/f2fs/segment.c +++ b/fs/f2fs/segment.c @@ -2777,6 +2777,7 @@ static int get_new_segment(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, unsigned int old_zoneno = GET_ZONE_FROM_SEG(sbi, *newseg); unsigned int alloc_policy = sbi->allocate_section_policy; unsigned int alloc_hint = sbi->allocate_section_hint; + unsigned int max_secno = MAIN_SECS(sbi); bool init = true; int i; int ret = 0; @@ -2802,7 +2803,7 @@ static int get_new_segment(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, */ if (f2fs_sb_has_blkzoned(sbi)) { /* Prioritize writing to conventional zones */ - if (sbi->blkzone_alloc_policy == BLKZONE_ALLOC_PRIOR_CONV || pinning) + if (sbi->blkzone_alloc_policy == BLKZONE_ALLOC_PRIOR_CONV) segno = 0; else segno = max(sbi->first_seq_zone_segno, *newseg); @@ -2818,18 +2819,22 @@ static int get_new_segment(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, alloc_hint > MAIN_SECS(sbi)) alloc_hint = MAIN_SECS(sbi); - if (alloc_policy == ALLOCATE_FORWARD_FROM_HINT && - hint < alloc_hint) + if (pinning) { + max_secno = sbi->pinned_area_max_secno; + hint = 0; + } else if (alloc_policy == ALLOCATE_FORWARD_FROM_HINT && + hint < alloc_hint) { hint = alloc_hint; - else if (alloc_policy == ALLOCATE_FORWARD_WITHIN_HINT && - hint >= alloc_hint) + } else if (alloc_policy == ALLOCATE_FORWARD_WITHIN_HINT && + hint >= alloc_hint) { hint = 0; + } find_other_zone: - secno = find_next_zero_bit(free_i->free_secmap, MAIN_SECS(sbi), hint); + secno = find_next_zero_bit(free_i->free_secmap, max_secno, hint); #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_ZONED - if (secno >= MAIN_SECS(sbi) && f2fs_sb_has_blkzoned(sbi)) { + if (secno >= max_secno && f2fs_sb_has_blkzoned(sbi) && !pinning) { /* Write only to sequential zones */ if (sbi->blkzone_alloc_policy == BLKZONE_ALLOC_ONLY_SEQ) { hint = GET_SEC_FROM_SEG(sbi, sbi->first_seq_zone_segno); @@ -2845,11 +2850,11 @@ static int get_new_segment(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, } #endif - if (secno >= MAIN_SECS(sbi)) { - secno = find_first_zero_bit(free_i->free_secmap, - MAIN_SECS(sbi)); - if (secno >= MAIN_SECS(sbi)) { - ret = -ENOSPC; + if (secno >= max_secno) { + secno = find_first_zero_bit(free_i->free_secmap, max_secno); + if (secno >= max_secno) { + ret = (pinning && has_pinned_area(sbi)) ? + -EAGAIN : -ENOSPC; f2fs_bug_on(sbi, !pinning); goto out_unlock; } @@ -2886,9 +2891,8 @@ static int get_new_segment(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, goto out_unlock; } - /* no free section in conventional device or conventional zone */ - if (new_sec && pinning && - f2fs_is_sequential_zone_area(sbi, START_BLOCK(sbi, segno))) { + /* no free section in pinned area */ + if (new_sec && pinning && secno >= sbi->pinned_area_max_secno) { ret = -EAGAIN; goto out_unlock; } @@ -3357,9 +3361,10 @@ int f2fs_allocate_pinning_section(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi) err = f2fs_allocate_new_section(sbi, CURSEG_COLD_DATA_PINNED, false); f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc); - if (f2fs_sb_has_blkzoned(sbi) && err == -EAGAIN && gc_required) { + if (has_pinned_area(sbi) && err == -EAGAIN && gc_required) { f2fs_down_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &lc); - err = f2fs_gc_range(sbi, 0, sbi->first_seq_zone_segno - 1, + err = f2fs_gc_range(sbi, 0, + sbi->pinned_area_max_secno * SEGS_PER_SEC(sbi) - 1, true, ZONED_PIN_SEC_REQUIRED_COUNT); f2fs_up_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &lc); diff --git a/fs/f2fs/segment.h b/fs/f2fs/segment.h index b0c06b3580b4..057139107935 100644 --- a/fs/f2fs/segment.h +++ b/fs/f2fs/segment.h @@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ static inline void sanity_check_seg_type(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, #define MAIN_SEGS(sbi) (SM_I(sbi)->main_segments) #define MAIN_SECS(sbi) ((sbi)->total_sections) +#define has_pinned_area(sbi) ((sbi)->pinned_area_max_secno < MAIN_SECS(sbi)) #define TOTAL_SEGS(sbi) \ (SM_I(sbi) ? SM_I(sbi)->segment_count : \ diff --git a/fs/f2fs/super.c b/fs/f2fs/super.c index c448d992ff2a..746c003f3aad 100644 --- a/fs/f2fs/super.c +++ b/fs/f2fs/super.c @@ -235,6 +235,7 @@ enum { Opt_jqfmt, Opt_checkpoint, Opt_lookup_mode, + Opt_pinned_boundary_secno, Opt_err, }; @@ -366,6 +367,7 @@ static const struct fs_parameter_spec f2fs_param_specs[] = { fsparam_flag("age_extent_cache", Opt_age_extent_cache), fsparam_enum("errors", Opt_errors, f2fs_param_errors), fsparam_enum("lookup_mode", Opt_lookup_mode, f2fs_param_lookup_mode), + fsparam_u32("pinned_boundary_secno", Opt_pinned_boundary_secno), {} }; @@ -551,6 +553,17 @@ static inline void adjust_unusable_cap_perc(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi) F2FS_OPTION(sbi).unusable_cap_perc); } +static inline void adjust_pinned_area_boundary(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi) +{ + sbi->pinned_area_max_secno = MAIN_SECS(sbi); + if (f2fs_sb_has_blkzoned(sbi) && sbi->first_seq_zone_segno != NULL_SEGNO) + sbi->pinned_area_max_secno = min(sbi->pinned_area_max_secno, + GET_SEC_FROM_SEG(sbi, sbi->first_seq_zone_segno)); + if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).pinned_boundary_secno) + sbi->pinned_area_max_secno = min(sbi->pinned_area_max_secno, + F2FS_OPTION(sbi).pinned_boundary_secno); +} + static void init_once(void *foo) { struct f2fs_inode_info *fi = (struct f2fs_inode_info *) foo; @@ -1235,6 +1248,9 @@ static int f2fs_parse_param(struct fs_context *fc, struct fs_parameter *param) F2FS_CTX_INFO(ctx).lookup_mode = result.uint_32; ctx->spec_mask |= F2FS_SPEC_lookup_mode; break; + case Opt_pinned_boundary_secno: + F2FS_CTX_INFO(ctx).pinned_boundary_secno = result.uint_32; + break; } return 0; } @@ -1771,6 +1787,12 @@ static void f2fs_apply_options(struct fs_context *fc, struct super_block *sb) static int f2fs_sanity_check_options(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, bool remount) { + if (remount && + F2FS_OPTION(sbi).pinned_boundary_secno >= MAIN_SECS(sbi)) { + f2fs_err(sbi, "Option pinned_boundary_secno is larger than or equal to total sections (%u >= %u)", + F2FS_OPTION(sbi).pinned_boundary_secno, MAIN_SECS(sbi)); + return -EINVAL; + } if (f2fs_sb_has_device_alias(sbi) && !test_opt(sbi, READ_EXTENT_CACHE)) { f2fs_err(sbi, "device aliasing requires extent cache"); @@ -2543,6 +2565,10 @@ static int f2fs_show_options(struct seq_file *seq, struct dentry *root) else if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).lookup_mode == LOOKUP_AUTO) seq_show_option(seq, "lookup_mode", "auto"); + if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).pinned_boundary_secno) + seq_printf(seq, ",pinned_boundary_secno=%u", + F2FS_OPTION(sbi).pinned_boundary_secno); + return 0; } @@ -2585,6 +2611,7 @@ static void default_options(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, bool remount) F2FS_OPTION(sbi).bggc_mode = BGGC_MODE_ON; F2FS_OPTION(sbi).memory_mode = MEMORY_MODE_NORMAL; F2FS_OPTION(sbi).errors = MOUNT_ERRORS_CONTINUE; + F2FS_OPTION(sbi).pinned_boundary_secno = 0; set_opt(sbi, INLINE_XATTR); set_opt(sbi, INLINE_DATA); @@ -3042,6 +3069,7 @@ static int __f2fs_remount(struct fs_context *fc, struct super_block *sb) sb->s_flags = (sb->s_flags & ~SB_POSIXACL) | (test_opt(sbi, POSIX_ACL) ? SB_POSIXACL : 0); + adjust_pinned_area_boundary(sbi); limit_reserve_root(sbi); fc->sb_flags = (flags & ~SB_LAZYTIME) | (sb->s_flags & SB_LAZYTIME); @@ -5251,6 +5279,14 @@ static int f2fs_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, struct fs_context *fc) /* get segno of first zoned block device */ sbi->first_seq_zone_segno = get_first_seq_zone_segno(sbi); + if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).pinned_boundary_secno >= MAIN_SECS(sbi)) { + f2fs_err(sbi, "Option pinned_boundary_secno is larger than or equal to total sections (%u >= %u)", + F2FS_OPTION(sbi).pinned_boundary_secno, MAIN_SECS(sbi)); + err = -EINVAL; + goto free_nm; + } + adjust_pinned_area_boundary(sbi); + sbi->reserved_pin_section = f2fs_sb_has_blkzoned(sbi) ? ZONED_PIN_SEC_REQUIRED_COUNT : GET_SEC_FROM_SEG(sbi, overprovision_segments(sbi)); diff --git a/fs/f2fs/sysfs.c b/fs/f2fs/sysfs.c index 47b378ccf07a..e0c51f9ec7eb 100644 --- a/fs/f2fs/sysfs.c +++ b/fs/f2fs/sysfs.c @@ -1311,6 +1311,7 @@ F2FS_SBI_GENERAL_RW_ATTR(blkzone_alloc_policy); #endif F2FS_SBI_GENERAL_RW_ATTR(carve_out); F2FS_SBI_GENERAL_RW_ATTR(reserved_pin_section); +F2FS_SBI_GENERAL_RO_ATTR(pinned_area_max_secno); F2FS_SBI_GENERAL_RW_ATTR(bggc_io_aware); F2FS_SBI_GENERAL_RW_ATTR(max_lock_elapsed_time); F2FS_SBI_GENERAL_RW_ATTR(lock_duration_priority); @@ -1523,6 +1524,7 @@ static struct attribute *f2fs_attrs[] = { ATTR_LIST(max_read_extent_count), ATTR_LIST(carve_out), ATTR_LIST(reserved_pin_section), + ATTR_LIST(pinned_area_max_secno), ATTR_LIST(allocate_section_hint), ATTR_LIST(allocate_section_policy), ATTR_LIST(max_lock_elapsed_time), -- 2.55.0.691.gc56d675ccc-goog