[PATCH perf-tools-next v6 4/5] perf trace: Enhance BTF type formatting to symbolise kernel function pointers

[Aaron Tomlin <atomlin@atomlin.com>]

When BTF (BPF Type Format) metadata is loaded from vmlinux, 'perf trace'
can inspect the precise C types of tracepoint and system call parameters.
However, function pointer arguments are currently not recognised during
BTF pretty-printing and default to hexadecimal output.

Introduce btf_is_func_ptr() to inspect BTF type hierarchies
(i.e., traversing pointers, typedefs, and type modifiers) to determine
whether a parameter resolves to a function prototype
(BTF_KIND_FUNC_PROTO).

Generalise BTF type caching via syscall_arg_fmt__cache_btf_type() to
handle structs, unions, enums, and function pointers alike. When a field
is identified as a kernel function pointer, trace__btf_scnprintf()
routes its value to syscall_arg__scnprintf_ksym(), enabling automatic
zero-config symbolisation of kernel function pointers whenever BTF is
available.

Signed-off-by: Aaron Tomlin <atomlin@atomlin.com>
---
 tools/perf/builtin-trace.c | 106 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 85 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/perf/builtin-trace.c b/tools/perf/builtin-trace.c
index f6ab7dabfa4c..d0089230dc5d 100644
--- a/tools/perf/builtin-trace.c
+++ b/tools/perf/builtin-trace.c
@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@ struct syscall_arg_fmt {
 #ifdef HAVE_LIBBPF_SUPPORT
 	const struct btf_type *type;
 	int	   type_id; /* used in btf_dump */
+	bool	   btf_type_cached;
 #endif
 };
 
@@ -979,21 +980,68 @@ static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_getrandom_flags(char *bf, size_t size,
 #define SCA_GETRANDOM_FLAGS syscall_arg__scnprintf_getrandom_flags
 
 #ifdef HAVE_LIBBPF_SUPPORT
-static void syscall_arg_fmt__cache_btf_enum(struct syscall_arg_fmt *arg_fmt, struct btf *btf, char *type)
+static bool btf_is_func_ptr(const struct btf *btf, const struct btf_type *type)
 {
+	int nr_ptrs = 0;
+
+	while (type) {
+		if (btf_is_ptr(type)) {
+			if (++nr_ptrs > 1)
+				return false;
+			type = btf__type_by_id(btf, type->type);
+		} else if (btf_is_typedef(type) || btf_is_mod(type)) {
+			type = btf__type_by_id(btf, type->type);
+		} else {
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	return nr_ptrs == 1 && type && btf_is_func_proto(type);
+}
+
+static void syscall_arg_fmt__cache_btf_type(struct syscall_arg_fmt *arg_fmt,
+					    struct btf *btf, const char *type)
+{
+	char name[128];
+	const char *pos;
+	size_t len = 0;
 	int id;
 
-	type = strstr(type, "enum ");
+	arg_fmt->btf_type_cached = true;
+
 	if (type == NULL)
 		return;
 
-	type += 5; // skip "enum " to get the enumeration name
+	/* Pointers to enums are memory addresses, not scalar enums */
+	if (strstr(type, "enum ") && strchr(type, '*'))
+		return;
+
+	if ((pos = strstr(type, "enum ")) != NULL)
+		pos += 5;
+	else if ((pos = strstr(type, "struct ")) != NULL)
+		pos += 7;
+	else if ((pos = strstr(type, "union ")) != NULL)
+		pos += 6;
+	else
+		pos = type;
+
+	while (isspace(*pos))
+		pos++;
+
+	while ((isalnum(pos[len]) || pos[len] == '_') && len < sizeof(name) - 1) {
+		name[len] = pos[len];
+		len++;
+	}
+	name[len] = '\0';
+
+	if (len == 0)
+		return;
 
-	id = btf__find_by_name(btf, type);
+	id = btf__find_by_name(btf, name);
 	if (id < 0)
 		return;
 
 	arg_fmt->type = btf__type_by_id(btf, id);
+	arg_fmt->type_id = id;
 }
 
 static bool syscall_arg__strtoul_btf_enum(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg, u64 *val)
@@ -1027,10 +1075,8 @@ static bool syscall_arg__strtoul_btf_type(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_
 	if (btf == NULL)
 		return false;
 
-	if (arg->fmt->type == NULL) {
-		// See if this is an enum
-		syscall_arg_fmt__cache_btf_enum(arg->fmt, btf, type);
-	}
+	if (!arg->fmt->btf_type_cached)
+		syscall_arg_fmt__cache_btf_type(arg->fmt, btf, type);
 
 	// Now let's see if we have a BTF type resolved
 	bt = arg->fmt->type;
@@ -1038,19 +1084,22 @@ static bool syscall_arg__strtoul_btf_type(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_
 		return false;
 
 	// If it is an enum:
-	if (btf_is_enum(arg->fmt->type))
+	if (btf_is_enum(arg->fmt->type)) {
+		if (type && strchr(type, '*'))
+			return false;
 		return syscall_arg__strtoul_btf_enum(bf, size, arg, val);
+	}
 
 	return false;
 }
 
-static size_t btf_enum_scnprintf(const struct btf_type *type, struct btf *btf, char *bf, size_t size, int val)
+static size_t btf_enum_scnprintf(const struct btf_type *type, struct btf *btf, char *bf, size_t size, unsigned long val)
 {
 	struct btf_enum *be = btf_enum(type);
 	const unsigned int nr_entries = btf_vlen(type);
 
 	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < nr_entries; ++i, ++be) {
-		if (be->val == val) {
+		if ((unsigned long)(__u32)be->val == val || (unsigned long)be->val == val) {
 			return scnprintf(bf, size, "%s",
 					 btf__name_by_offset(btf, be->name_off));
 		}
@@ -1077,14 +1126,19 @@ static size_t btf_struct_scnprintf(const struct btf_type *type, struct btf *btf,
 		.bf   = bf,
 		.size = size,
 	};
-	struct augmented_arg *augmented_arg = arg->augmented.args;
+	struct augmented_arg *augmented_arg;
 	int type_id = arg->fmt->type_id, consumed;
 	struct btf_dump *btf_dump;
 
 	LIBBPF_OPTS(btf_dump_opts, dump_opts);
 	LIBBPF_OPTS(btf_dump_type_data_opts, dump_data_opts);
 
-	if (arg == NULL || arg->augmented.args == NULL)
+	if (arg == NULL || arg->augmented.args == NULL || arg->augmented.size <= 0 ||
+	    arg->fmt == NULL || !arg->fmt->from_user)
+		return 0;
+
+	augmented_arg = arg->augmented.args;
+	if (augmented_arg->size <= 0)
 		return 0;
 
 	dump_data_opts.compact	  = true;
@@ -1097,8 +1151,10 @@ static size_t btf_struct_scnprintf(const struct btf_type *type, struct btf *btf,
 	/* pretty print the struct data here */
 	if (btf_dump__dump_type_data(btf_dump, type_id,
 				     arg->augmented.args->value,
-				     type->size, &dump_data_opts) <= 0)
+				     type->size, &dump_data_opts) <= 0) {
+		btf_dump__free(btf_dump);
 		return 0;
+	}
 
 	consumed = sizeof(*augmented_arg) + augmented_arg->size;
 	arg->augmented.args = ((void *)arg->augmented.args) + consumed;
@@ -1110,33 +1166,40 @@ static size_t btf_struct_scnprintf(const struct btf_type *type, struct btf *btf,
 }
 
 static size_t trace__btf_scnprintf(struct trace *trace, struct syscall_arg *arg, char *bf,
-				   size_t size, int val, char *type)
+				   size_t size, unsigned long val, char *type)
 {
 	struct syscall_arg_fmt *arg_fmt = arg->fmt;
 
 	if (trace->btf == NULL)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (arg_fmt->type == NULL) {
-		// Check if this is an enum and if we have the BTF type for it.
-		syscall_arg_fmt__cache_btf_enum(arg_fmt, trace->btf, type);
-	}
+	if (!arg_fmt->btf_type_cached)
+		syscall_arg_fmt__cache_btf_type(arg_fmt, trace->btf, type);
 
 	// Did we manage to find a BTF type for the syscall/tracepoint argument?
 	if (arg_fmt->type == NULL)
 		return 0;
 
+	if (type && strchr(type, '*')) {
+		if (btf_is_enum(arg_fmt->type) || btf_is_func_ptr(trace->btf, arg_fmt->type))
+			return 0;
+	}
+
 	if (btf_is_enum(arg_fmt->type))
 		return btf_enum_scnprintf(arg_fmt->type, trace->btf, bf, size, val);
 	else if (btf_is_struct(arg_fmt->type) || btf_is_union(arg_fmt->type))
 		return btf_struct_scnprintf(arg_fmt->type, trace->btf, bf, size, arg);
+	else if (btf_is_func_ptr(trace->btf, arg_fmt->type)) {
+		arg->val = val;
+		return syscall_arg__scnprintf_ksym(bf, size, arg);
+	}
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
 #else // HAVE_LIBBPF_SUPPORT
 static size_t trace__btf_scnprintf(struct trace *trace __maybe_unused, struct syscall_arg *arg __maybe_unused,
-				   char *bf __maybe_unused, size_t size __maybe_unused, int val __maybe_unused,
+				   char *bf __maybe_unused, size_t size __maybe_unused, unsigned long val __maybe_unused,
 				   char *type __maybe_unused)
 {
 	return 0;
@@ -2606,7 +2669,8 @@ static size_t syscall__scnprintf_args(struct syscall *sc, char *bf, size_t size,
 
 			default_scnprintf = sc->arg_fmt[arg.idx].scnprintf;
 
-			if (trace->force_btf || default_scnprintf == NULL || default_scnprintf == SCA_PTR) {
+			if (trace->force_btf || default_scnprintf == NULL ||
+			    default_scnprintf == SCA_PTR || default_scnprintf == SCA_KSYM) {
 				btf_printed = trace__btf_scnprintf(trace, &arg, bf + printed,
 								   size - printed, val, field->type);
 				if (btf_printed) {
-- 
2.55.0