Re: Installing kernel 2.4

["Jeff V. Merkey" <jmerkey@timpanogas.org>]

David Relson wrote:
> 
> It seems to me that kernel/cpu matching can be broken into two relatively
> simple parts.
> 
> 1 - Put a cpu "signature" in the kernel image indicating cpu requirements; and
> 2 - Have the bootloader (lilo) detect cpu type and match it against the cpu
> "signature".
> 
> The bootloader would then load the kernel, or could give an informative
> diagnostic.
> 

The PE model uses flags to identify CPU type and capbilities and create
a table in the RVA section header that describes all the segments, i.e.

#define	IMAGE_SIZEOF_FILE_HEADER	20

#define	IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_UNKNOWN	0
#define	IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_I860		0x14d
#define	IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_I386		0x14c
#define	IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_R3000	0x162
#define	IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_R4000	0x166
#define	IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_R10000	0x168
#define	IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_ALPHA	0x184
#define	IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_POWERPC	0x1F0  

typedef struct _IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY
{
	DWORD	VirtualAddress;
	DWORD	Size;
} IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY,*PIMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY;

#define	IMAGE_NUMBEROF_DIRECTORY_ENTRIES 16

/* Optional coff header - used by NT to provide additional information.
*/
typedef struct _IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER
{
	/*
	 * Standard fields.
	 */

	WORD	Magic;
	BYTE	MajorLinkerVersion;
	BYTE	MinorLinkerVersion;
	DWORD	SizeOfCode;
	DWORD	SizeOfInitializedData;
	DWORD	SizeOfUninitializedData;
	DWORD	AddressOfEntryPoint;
	DWORD	BaseOfCode;
	DWORD	BaseOfData;

	/*
	 * NT additional fields.
	 */

	DWORD	ImageBase;
	DWORD	SectionAlignment;
	DWORD	FileAlignment;
	WORD	MajorOperatingSystemVersion;
	WORD	MinorOperatingSystemVersion;
	WORD	MajorImageVersion;
	WORD	MinorImageVersion;
	WORD	MajorSubsystemVersion;
	WORD	MinorSubsystemVersion;
	DWORD	Reserved1;
	DWORD	SizeOfImage;
	DWORD	SizeOfHeaders;
	DWORD	CheckSum;
	WORD	Subsystem;
	WORD	DllCharacteristics;
	DWORD	SizeOfStackReserve;
	DWORD	SizeOfStackCommit;
	DWORD	SizeOfHeapReserve;
	DWORD	SizeOfHeapCommit;
	DWORD	LoaderFlags;
	DWORD	NumberOfRvaAndSizes;
	IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY DataDirectory[IMAGE_NUMBEROF_DIRECTORY_ENTRIES];
} IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER,*PIMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER;

/* These are indexes into the DataDirectory array */
#define IMAGE_FILE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY		0
#define IMAGE_FILE_IMPORT_DIRECTORY		1
#define IMAGE_FILE_RESOURCE_DIRECTORY		2
#define IMAGE_FILE_EXCEPTION_DIRECTORY		3
#define IMAGE_FILE_SECURITY_DIRECTORY		4
#define IMAGE_FILE_BASE_RELOCATION_TABLE	5
#define IMAGE_FILE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY		6
#define IMAGE_FILE_DESCRIPTION_STRING		7
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_VALUE		8  /* Mips */
#define IMAGE_FILE_THREAD_LOCAL_STORAGE		9
#define IMAGE_FILE_CALLBACK_DIRECTORY		10

/* Directory Entries, indices into the DataDirectory array */

#define	IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT		0
#define	IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT		1
#define	IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_RESOURCE		2
#define	IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXCEPTION		3
#define	IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_SECURITY		4
#define	IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_BASERELOC		5
#define	IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_DEBUG		6
#define	IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_COPYRIGHT		7
#define	IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_GLOBALPTR		8   /* (MIPS GP) */
#define	IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_TLS		9
#define	IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_LOAD_CONFIG	10
#define	IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_BOUND_IMPORT	11
#define	IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IAT		12  /* Import Address Table */

/* Subsystem Values */

#define	IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_UNKNOWN		0
#define	IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_NATIVE		1
#define	IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_GUI	2	/* Windows GUI subsystem */
#define	IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_CUI	3	/* Windows character subsystem*/
#define	IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_OS2_CUI		5
#define	IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_POSIX_CUI	7

typedef struct _IMAGE_NT_HEADERS {
	DWORD			Signature;
	IMAGE_FILE_HEADER	FileHeader;
	IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER	OptionalHeader;
} IMAGE_NT_HEADERS,*PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS;

/* Section header format */

#define	IMAGE_SIZEOF_SHORT_NAME	8

typedef struct _IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER {
	BYTE	Name[IMAGE_SIZEOF_SHORT_NAME];
	union {
		DWORD	PhysicalAddress;
		DWORD	VirtualSize;
	} Misc;
	DWORD	VirtualAddress;
	DWORD	SizeOfRawData;
	DWORD	PointerToRawData;
	DWORD	PointerToRelocations;
	DWORD	PointerToLinenumbers;
	WORD	NumberOfRelocations;
	WORD	NumberOfLinenumbers;
	DWORD	Characteristics;
} IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER,*PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER;

#define	IMAGE_SIZEOF_SECTION_HEADER 40

/* These defines are for the Characteristics bitfield. */
/* #define IMAGE_SCN_TYPE_REG			0x00000000 - Reserved */
/* #define IMAGE_SCN_TYPE_DSECT			0x00000001 - Reserved */
/* #define IMAGE_SCN_TYPE_NOLOAD		0x00000002 - Reserved */
/* #define IMAGE_SCN_TYPE_GROUP			0x00000004 - Reserved */
/* #define IMAGE_SCN_TYPE_NO_PAD		0x00000008 - Reserved */
/* #define IMAGE_SCN_TYPE_COPY			0x00000010 - Reserved */

#define IMAGE_SCN_CNT_CODE			0x00000020
#define IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA		0x00000040
#define IMAGE_SCN_CNT_UNINITIALIZED_DATA	0x00000080

#define	IMAGE_SCN_LNK_OTHER			0x00000100 
#define	IMAGE_SCN_LNK_INFO			0x00000200  
#define	IMAGE_SCN_LNK_OVERLAY			0x00000400 
#define	IMAGE_SCN_LNK_REMOVE			0x00000800
#define	IMAGE_SCN_LNK_COMDAT			0x00001000

/* 						0x00002000 - Reserved */
/* #define IMAGE_SCN_MEM_PROTECTED 		0x00004000 - Obsolete */
#define	IMAGE_SCN_MEM_FARDATA			0x00008000

/* #define IMAGE_SCN_MEM_SYSHEAP		0x00010000 - Obsolete */
#define	IMAGE_SCN_MEM_PURGEABLE			0x00020000
#define	IMAGE_SCN_MEM_16BIT			0x00020000
#define	IMAGE_SCN_MEM_LOCKED			0x00040000
#define	IMAGE_SCN_MEM_PRELOAD			0x00080000

#define	IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_1BYTES			0x00100000
#define	IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_2BYTES			0x00200000
#define	IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_4BYTES			0x00300000
#define	IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_8BYTES			0x00400000
#define	IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_16BYTES			0x00500000  /* Default */
#define IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_32BYTES			0x00600000
#define IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_64BYTES			0x00700000
/* 						0x00800000 - Unused */

#define IMAGE_SCN_LNK_NRELOC_OVFL		0x01000000


#define IMAGE_SCN_MEM_DISCARDABLE		0x02000000
#define IMAGE_SCN_MEM_NOT_CACHED		0x04000000
#define IMAGE_SCN_MEM_NOT_PAGED			0x08000000
#define IMAGE_SCN_MEM_SHARED			0x10000000
#define IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE			0x20000000
#define IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ			0x40000000
#define IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE			0x80000000

/* Import name entry */
typedef struct _IMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME {
	WORD	Hint;
	BYTE	Name[1];
} IMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME,*PIMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME;

/* Import thunk */
typedef struct _IMAGE_THUNK_DATA {
    union
    {
       LPBYTE	ForwarderString;
       LPDWORD	Function;
       DWORD	Ordinal;
       PIMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME	AddressOfData;
    } u1;
} IMAGE_THUNK_DATA,*PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA;

/* Import module directory */

typedef struct _IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR {
	union
	{
	   DWORD Characteristics; /* 0 for terminating null import descriptor 
*/
	   PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA OriginalFirstThunk;	/* RVA to original unbound IAT
*/
	} u;
	DWORD	TimeDateStamp;	/* 0 if not bound,
				 * -1 if bound, and real date\time stamp
				 *    in IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_BOUND_IMPORT
				 * (new BIND)
				 * otherwise date/time stamp of DLL bound to
				 * (Old BIND)
				 */
	DWORD	ForwarderChain;	/* -1 if no forwarders */
	DWORD	Name;
	/* RVA to IAT (if bound this IAT has actual addresses) */
	PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA FirstThunk;	
} IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR,*PIMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR;

#define	IMAGE_ORDINAL_FLAG		0x80000000
#define	IMAGE_SNAP_BY_ORDINAL(Ordinal)	((Ordinal & IMAGE_ORDINAL_FLAG)
!= 0)
#define	IMAGE_ORDINAL(Ordinal)		(Ordinal & 0xffff)

/* Export module directory */

typedef struct _IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY {
	DWORD	Characteristics;
	DWORD	TimeDateStamp;
	WORD	MajorVersion;
	WORD	MinorVersion;
	DWORD	Name;
	DWORD	Base;
	DWORD	NumberOfFunctions;
	DWORD	NumberOfNames;
	LPDWORD	*AddressOfFunctions;
	LPDWORD	*AddressOfNames;
	LPWORD	*AddressOfNameOrdinals;
/*  u_char ModuleName[1]; */
} IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY,*PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY;


/*
 * Resource directory stuff
 */
typedef struct _IMAGE_RESOURCE_DIRECTORY {
	DWORD	Characteristics;
	DWORD	TimeDateStamp;
	WORD	MajorVersion;
	WORD	MinorVersion;
	WORD	NumberOfNamedEntries;
	WORD	NumberOfIdEntries;
	/*  IMAGE_RESOURCE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY DirectoryEntries[]; */
} IMAGE_RESOURCE_DIRECTORY,*PIMAGE_RESOURCE_DIRECTORY;

#define	IMAGE_RESOURCE_NAME_IS_STRING		0x80000000
#define	IMAGE_RESOURCE_DATA_IS_DIRECTORY	0x80000000

typedef struct _IMAGE_RESOURCE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY {
	union {
		struct {
//		   DWORD NameOffset:31;
//		   DWORD NameIsString:1;
// fix jmerkey!
		   DWORD NameOffset;
		} s;
		DWORD   Name;
		WORD    Id;
	} u1;
	union {
		DWORD   OffsetToData;
		struct {
//		   DWORD   OffsetToDirectory:31;
//		   DWORD   DataIsDirectory:1;
//  fix jmerkey!
//
		   DWORD  OffsetToDirectory;
		} s;
	} u2;
} IMAGE_RESOURCE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY,*PIMAGE_RESOURCE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY;

typedef struct tagImportDirectory {
   DWORD RVAFunctionNameList;
   DWORD UseLess1;
   DWORD UseLess2;
   DWORD RVAModuleName;
   DWORD RVAFunctionAddressList;
} IMAGE_IMPORT_MODULE_DIRECTORY, *PIMAGE_IMPORT_MODULE_DIRECTORY;

typedef struct _IMAGE_RESOURCE_DIRECTORY_STRING {
	WORD	Length;
	CHAR	NameString[1];
} IMAGE_RESOURCE_DIRECTORY_STRING,*PIMAGE_RESOURCE_DIRECTORY_STRING;

typedef struct _IMAGE_RESOURCE_DIR_STRING_U {
	WORD	Length;
	WCHAR	NameString[1];
} IMAGE_RESOURCE_DIR_STRING_U,*PIMAGE_RESOURCE_DIR_STRING_U;

typedef struct _IMAGE_RESOURCE_DATA_ENTRY {
	DWORD	OffsetToData;
	DWORD	Size;
	DWORD	CodePage;
	DWORD	Reserved;
} IMAGE_RESOURCE_DATA_ENTRY,*PIMAGE_RESOURCE_DATA_ENTRY;

typedef struct _IMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION
{
	DWORD	VirtualAddress;
	DWORD	SizeOfBlock;
	WORD	TypeOffset[1];
} IMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION,*PIMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION;

typedef struct _IMAGE_LOAD_CONFIG_DIRECTORY {
	DWORD	Characteristics;
	DWORD	TimeDateStamp;
	WORD	MajorVersion;
	WORD	MinorVersion;
	DWORD	GlobalFlagsClear;
	DWORD	GlobalFlagsSet;
	DWORD	CriticalSectionDefaultTimeout;
	DWORD	DeCommitFreeBlockThreshold;
	DWORD	DeCommitTotalFreeThreshold;
	LPVOID	LockPrefixTable;
	DWORD	MaximumAllocationSize;
	DWORD	VirtualMemoryThreshold;
	DWORD	ProcessHeapFlags;
	DWORD	Reserved[4];
} IMAGE_LOAD_CONFIG_DIRECTORY,*PIMAGE_LOAD_CONFIG_DIRECTORY;

typedef VOID (*PIMAGE_TLS_CALLBACK)(
	LPVOID DllHandle,DWORD Reason,LPVOID Reserved
);

typedef struct _IMAGE_TLS_DIRECTORY {
	DWORD	StartAddressOfRawData;
	DWORD	EndAddressOfRawData;
	LPDWORD	AddressOfIndex;
	PIMAGE_TLS_CALLBACK *AddressOfCallBacks;
	DWORD	SizeOfZeroFill;
	DWORD	Characteristics;
} IMAGE_TLS_DIRECTORY,*PIMAGE_TLS_DIRECTORY;

/*
 * The IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY data directory points to an array of
 * these structures.
 */
typedef struct _IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY {
	DWORD	Characteristics;
	DWORD	TimeDateStamp;
	WORD	MajorVersion;
	WORD	MinorVersion;
	DWORD	Type;
	DWORD	SizeOfData;
	DWORD	AddressOfRawData;
	DWORD	PointerToRawData;
} IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY,*PIMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY;

/*
 * The type field above can take these (plus a few other
 * irrelevant) values.
 */
#define IMAGE_DEBUG_TYPE_UNKNOWN	0
#define IMAGE_DEBUG_TYPE_COFF		1
#define IMAGE_DEBUG_TYPE_CODEVIEW	2
#define IMAGE_DEBUG_TYPE_FPO		3
#define IMAGE_DEBUG_TYPE_MISC		4
#define IMAGE_DEBUG_TYPE_EXCEPTION	5
#define IMAGE_DEBUG_TYPE_FIXUP		6
#define IMAGE_DEBUG_TYPE_OMAP_TO_SRC	7
#define IMAGE_DEBUG_TYPE_OMAP_FROM_SRC	8


#define IMAGE_REL_BASED_ABSOLUTE 		0
#define IMAGE_REL_BASED_HIGH			1
#define IMAGE_REL_BASED_LOW			2
#define IMAGE_REL_BASED_HIGHLOW			3
#define IMAGE_REL_BASED_HIGHADJ			4
#define IMAGE_REL_BASED_MIPS_JMPADDR		5

/*
 * This is the structure that appears at the very start of a .DBG file.
 */
typedef struct _IMAGE_SEPARATE_DEBUG_HEADER {
	WORD	Signature;
	WORD	Flags;
	WORD	Machine;
	WORD	Characteristics;
	DWORD	TimeDateStamp;
	DWORD	CheckSum;
	DWORD	ImageBase;
	DWORD	SizeOfImage;
	DWORD	NumberOfSections;
	DWORD	ExportedNamesSize;
	DWORD	DebugDirectorySize;
	DWORD	Reserved[3 ];
} IMAGE_SEPARATE_DEBUG_HEADER,*PIMAGE_SEPARATE_DEBUG_HEADER;

#define IMAGE_SEPARATE_DEBUG_SIGNATURE 0x4944

#define IMAGE_LIBRARY_PROCESS_INIT	1
#define IMAGE_LIBRARY_PROCESS_TERM	8
#define IMAGE_LIBRARY_THREAD_INIT	4
#define IMAGE_LIBRARY_THREAD_TERM	2

#define IMAGE_LOADER_FLAGS_BREAK_ON_LOAD	1
#define IMAGE_LOADER_FLAGS_DEBUG_ON_LOAD	2

#define IMAGE_SYM_UNDEFINED			(short) 0
#define IMAGE_SYM_ABSOLUTE			(short) -1
#define IMAGE_SYM_DEBUG				(short) -2

//
// Type (derived) values.
//

#define IMAGE_SYM_DTYPE_NULL                0       // no derived type.
#define IMAGE_SYM_DTYPE_POINTER             1       // pointer.
#define IMAGE_SYM_DTYPE_FUNCTION            2       // function.
#define IMAGE_SYM_DTYPE_ARRAY               3       // array.

//
// Storage classes.
//

#define IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_END_OF_FUNCTION     (BYTE )-1
#define IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_NULL                0x0000
#define IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_AUTOMATIC           0x0001
#define IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_EXTERNAL            0x0002
#define IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_STATIC              0x0003
#define IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_REGISTER            0x0004
#define IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_EXTERNAL_DEF        0x0005
#define IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_LABEL               0x0006
#define IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_UNDEFINED_LABEL     0x0007
#define IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_MEMBER_OF_STRUCT    0x0008
#define IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_ARGUMENT            0x0009
#define IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_STRUCT_TAG          0x000A
#define IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_MEMBER_OF_UNION     0x000B
#define IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_UNION_TAG           0x000C
#define IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_TYPE_DEFINITION     0x000D
#define IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_UNDEFINED_STATIC    0x000E
#define IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_ENUM_TAG            0x000F
#define IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_MEMBER_OF_ENUM      0x0010
#define IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_REGISTER_PARAM      0x0011
#define IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_BIT_FIELD           0x0012

#define IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_FAR_EXTERNAL        0x0044  //

#define IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_BLOCK               0x0064
#define IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_FUNCTION            0x0065
#define IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_END_OF_STRUCT       0x0066
#define IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_FILE                0x0067
// new
#define IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_SECTION             0x0068
#define IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_WEAK_EXTERNAL       0x0069

As you can see, theirs is quite complete and well thought out.  Thanks
to Mr. Bill Gates for the wonderful source code license and the freedom
to use residulas in MANOS for whatever we please.

Extend ELF to use the ELF-LPE format (a new term for what we will invent
- the ELF Linux Portable Executable Format).  This would also allow us
to combine Sparc, Alpha, x86 segments into a single executable so the
customer won't have to recompile the kernel every time they want to
change something.  SMP, non-SMP coud be handled the same as well.

Jeff

> David
> 
> At 06:59 PM 11/7/00, Jeff Garzik wrote:
> >Sven Koch wrote:
> > >
> > > On Tue, 7 Nov 2000, David Lang wrote:
> > >
> > > > depending on what CPU you have the kernel (and compiler) can use
> > different
> > > > commands/opmizations/etc, if you want to do this on boot you have two
> > > > options.
> > >
> > > Wouldn't it be possible to compile the parts of the kernel needed to
> > > uncompress and to detect the cpu with lower optimizations and then abort
> > > with an error message?
> > >
> > > "Error: Kernel needs a PIII" sounds much better than just stoping dead.
> >
> >I agree...   maybe we can solve this simply by giving the CPU detection
> >module the -march=i386 flag hardcoded, or editing the bootstrap, or
> >something like that...
> >
> >         Jeff
> 
> --------------------------------------------------------
> David Relson                   Osage Software Systems, Inc.
> relson@osagesoftware.com       514 W. Keech Ave.
> www.osagesoftware.com          Ann Arbor, MI 48103
> voice: 734.821.8800            fax: 734.821.8800
> 
> -
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