[PATCH 3/17] BC: beancounters core (API)

[Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>]

Core functionality and interfaces of BC:
find/create beancounter, initialization,
charge/uncharge of resource, core objects' declarations.

Basic structures:
 bc_resource_parm - resource description
 beancounter      - set of resources, id, lock

Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@sw.ru>
Signed-off-by: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>

---

 include/bc/beancounter.h |  155 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/linux/types.h    |   16 ++
 init/main.c              |    4 
 kernel/Makefile          |    1 
 kernel/bc/Makefile       |    7 +
 kernel/bc/beancounter.c  |  263 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 446 insertions(+)

--- ./include/bc/beancounter.h.bccore	2006-09-05 12:06:35.000000000 +0400
+++ ./include/bc/beancounter.h	2006-09-05 12:15:57.000000000 +0400
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+/*
+ *  include/bc/beancounter.h
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2006 OpenVZ. SWsoft Inc
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef _LINUX_BEANCOUNTER_H
+#define _LINUX_BEANCOUNTER_H
+
+/*
+ *	Resource list.
+ */
+
+#define BC_RESOURCES	0
+
+struct bc_resource_parm {
+	unsigned long barrier;	/* A barrier over which resource allocations
+				 * are failed gracefully. e.g. if the amount
+				 * of consumed memory is over the barrier
+				 * further sbrk() or mmap() calls fail, the
+				 * existing processes are not killed.
+				 */
+	unsigned long limit;	/* hard resource limit */
+	unsigned long held;	/* consumed resources */
+	unsigned long maxheld;	/* maximum amount of consumed resources */
+	unsigned long minheld;	/* minumum amount of consumed resources */
+	unsigned long failcnt;	/* count of failed charges */
+};
+
+/*
+ * Kernel internal part.
+ */
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+#include <linux/spinlock.h>
+#include <linux/list.h>
+#include <asm/atomic.h>
+
+#define BC_MAXVALUE	LONG_MAX
+
+/*
+ *	Resource management structures
+ * Serialization issues:
+ *   beancounter list management is protected via bc_hash_lock
+ *   task pointers are set only for current task and only once
+ *   refcount is managed atomically
+ *   value and limit comparison and change are protected by per-bc spinlock
+ */
+
+struct beancounter {
+	atomic_t		bc_refcount;
+	spinlock_t		bc_lock;
+	bcid_t			bc_id;
+	struct hlist_node	hash;
+
+	/* resources statistics and settings */
+	struct bc_resource_parm	bc_parms[BC_RESOURCES];
+};
+
+enum bc_severity { BC_BARRIER, BC_LIMIT, BC_FORCE };
+
+/* Flags passed to beancounter_findcreate() */
+#define BC_LOOKUP	0x00
+#define BC_ALLOC	0x01	/* may allocate new one */
+#define BC_ALLOC_ATOMIC	0x02	/* when BC_ALLOC is set causes
+				 * GFP_ATOMIC allocation
+				 */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_BEANCOUNTERS
+
+/*
+ * These functions tune minheld and maxheld values for a given
+ * resource when held value changes
+ */
+static inline void bc_adjust_maxheld(struct beancounter *bc, int resource)
+{
+	struct bc_resource_parm *parm;
+
+	parm = &bc->bc_parms[resource];
+	if (parm->maxheld < parm->held)
+		parm->maxheld = parm->held;
+}
+
+static inline void bc_adjust_minheld(struct beancounter *bc, int resource)
+{
+	struct bc_resource_parm *parm;
+
+	parm = &bc->bc_parms[resource];
+	if (parm->minheld > parm->held)
+		parm->minheld = parm->held;
+}
+
+int __must_check bc_charge_locked(struct beancounter *bc,
+		int res, unsigned long val, enum bc_severity strict);
+int __must_check bc_charge(struct beancounter *bc,
+		int res, unsigned long val, enum bc_severity strict);
+
+void bc_uncharge_locked(struct beancounter *bc, int res, unsigned long val);
+void bc_uncharge(struct beancounter *bc, int res, unsigned long val);
+
+struct beancounter *beancounter_findcreate(bcid_t id, int mask);
+
+static inline struct beancounter *get_beancounter(struct beancounter *bc)
+{
+	atomic_inc(&bc->bc_refcount);
+	return bc;
+}
+
+void put_beancounter(struct beancounter *bc);
+
+void bc_init_early(void);
+void bc_init_late(void);
+void bc_init_proc(void);
+
+extern struct beancounter init_bc;
+extern const char *bc_rnames[];
+
+#else /* CONFIG_BEANCOUNTERS */
+
+#define beancounter_findcreate(id, f)			(NULL)
+#define get_beancounter(bc)				(NULL)
+#define put_beancounter(bc)				do { } while (0)
+
+static inline __must_check int bc_charge_locked(struct beancounter *bc,
+		int res, unsigned long val, enum bc_severity strict)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static inline __must_check int bc_charge(struct beancounter *bc,
+		int res, unsigned long val, enum bc_severity strict)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static inline void bc_uncharge_locked(struct beancounter *bc, int res,
+		unsigned long val)
+{
+}
+
+static inline void bc_uncharge(struct beancounter *bc, int res,
+		unsigned long val)
+{
+}
+
+#define bc_init_early()					do { } while (0)
+#define bc_init_late()					do { } while (0)
+#define bc_init_proc()					do { } while (0)
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_BEANCOUNTERS */
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+
+#endif /* _LINUX_BEANCOUNTER_H */
--- ./include/linux/types.h.bccore	2006-09-05 11:47:33.000000000 +0400
+++ ./include/linux/types.h	2006-09-05 12:06:35.000000000 +0400
@@ -40,6 +40,21 @@ typedef __kernel_gid32_t	gid_t;
 typedef __kernel_uid16_t        uid16_t;
 typedef __kernel_gid16_t        gid16_t;
 
+/*
+ * Type of beancounter id (CONFIG_BEANCOUNTERS)
+ * 
+ * The ancient Unix implementations of this kind of resource management and
+ * security are built around setluid() which sets a uid value that cannot
+ * be changed again and is normally used for security purposes. That
+ * happened to be a uid_t and in simple setups at login uid = luid = euid
+ * would be the norm.
+ * 
+ * Thus the Linux one happens to be a uid_t. It could be something else but
+ * for the "container per user" model whatever a container is must be able
+ * to hold all possible uid_t values. Alan Cox.
+ */
+typedef uid_t    bcid_t;
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_UID16
 /* This is defined by include/asm-{arch}/posix_types.h */
 typedef __kernel_old_uid_t	old_uid_t;
@@ -52,6 +67,7 @@ typedef __kernel_old_gid_t	old_gid_t;
 #else
 typedef __kernel_uid_t		uid_t;
 typedef __kernel_gid_t		gid_t;
+typedef __kernel_uid_t		bcid_t;
 #endif /* __KERNEL__ */
 
 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)
--- ./init/main.c.bccore	2006-09-05 11:47:33.000000000 +0400
+++ ./init/main.c	2006-09-05 12:06:35.000000000 +0400
@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@
 #include <linux/debug_locks.h>
 #include <linux/lockdep.h>
 
+#include <bc/beancounter.h>
+
 #include <asm/io.h>
 #include <asm/bugs.h>
 #include <asm/setup.h>
@@ -493,6 +495,7 @@ asmlinkage void __init start_kernel(void
 	early_boot_irqs_off();
 	early_init_irq_lock_class();
 
+	bc_init_early();
 /*
  * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then
  * enable them
@@ -585,6 +588,7 @@ asmlinkage void __init start_kernel(void
 #endif
 	fork_init(num_physpages);
 	proc_caches_init();
+	bc_init_late();
 	buffer_init();
 	unnamed_dev_init();
 	key_init();
--- ./kernel/Makefile.bccore	2006-09-05 11:47:33.000000000 +0400
+++ ./kernel/Makefile	2006-09-05 12:09:53.000000000 +0400
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ obj-y     = sched.o fork.o exec_domain.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_STACKTRACE) += stacktrace.o
 obj-y += time/
+obj-$(CONFIG_BEANCOUNTERS) += bc/
 obj-$(CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES) += mutex-debug.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_LOCKDEP) += lockdep.o
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_PROC_FS),y)
--- ./kernel/bc/Makefile.bccore	2006-09-05 12:06:35.000000000 +0400
+++ ./kernel/bc/Makefile	2006-09-05 12:10:05.000000000 +0400
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#
+# Beancounters (BC)
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2006 OpenVZ. SWsoft Inc
+#
+
+obj-y += beancounter.o
--- ./kernel/bc/beancounter.c.bccore	2006-09-05 12:06:35.000000000 +0400
+++ ./kernel/bc/beancounter.c	2006-09-05 12:16:50.000000000 +0400
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+/*
+ *  kernel/bc/beancounter.c
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2006 OpenVZ. SWsoft Inc
+ *  Original code by (C) 1998      Alan Cox
+ *                       1998-2000 Andrey Savochkin <saw@saw.sw.com.sg>
+ */
+
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/hash.h>
+
+#include <bc/beancounter.h>
+
+static kmem_cache_t *bc_cachep;
+static struct beancounter default_beancounter;
+
+static void init_beancounter_struct(struct beancounter *bc, bcid_t id);
+
+struct beancounter init_bc;
+
+const char *bc_rnames[] = {
+};
+
+#define BC_HASH_BITS		8
+#define BC_HASH_SIZE		(1 << BC_HASH_BITS)
+
+static struct hlist_head bc_hash[BC_HASH_SIZE];
+static spinlock_t bc_hash_lock;
+#define bc_hash_fn(bcid)	(hash_long(bcid, BC_HASH_BITS))
+
+/*
+ *	Per resource beancounting. Resources are tied to their bc id.
+ *	The resource structure itself is tagged both to the process and
+ *	the charging resources (a socket doesn't want to have to search for
+ *	things at irq time for example). Reference counters keep things in
+ *	hand.
+ *
+ *	The case where a user creates resource, kills all his processes and
+ *	then starts new ones is correctly handled this way. The refcounters
+ *	will mean the old entry is still around with resource tied to it.
+ */
+
+struct beancounter *beancounter_findcreate(bcid_t id, int mask)
+{
+	struct beancounter *new_bc, *bc;
+	unsigned long flags;
+	struct hlist_head *slot;
+	struct hlist_node *pos;
+
+	slot = &bc_hash[bc_hash_fn(id)];
+	new_bc = NULL;
+
+retry:
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&bc_hash_lock, flags);
+	hlist_for_each_entry (bc, pos, slot, hash)
+		if (bc->bc_id == id)
+			break;
+
+	if (pos != NULL) {
+		get_beancounter(bc);
+		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&bc_hash_lock, flags);
+
+		if (new_bc != NULL)
+			kmem_cache_free(bc_cachep, new_bc);
+		return bc;
+	}
+
+	if (new_bc != NULL)
+		goto out_install;
+
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&bc_hash_lock, flags);
+
+	if (!(mask & BC_ALLOC))
+		goto out;
+
+	new_bc = kmem_cache_alloc(bc_cachep,
+			mask & BC_ALLOC_ATOMIC ? GFP_ATOMIC : GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (new_bc == NULL)
+		goto out;
+
+	*new_bc = default_beancounter;
+	init_beancounter_struct(new_bc, id);
+	goto retry;
+
+out_install:
+	hlist_add_head(&new_bc->hash, slot);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&bc_hash_lock, flags);
+out:
+	return new_bc;
+}
+
+void put_beancounter(struct beancounter *bc)
+{
+	int i;
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	if (!atomic_dec_and_lock_irqsave(&bc->bc_refcount,
+				&bc_hash_lock, flags))
+		return;
+
+	BUG_ON(bc == &init_bc);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < BC_RESOURCES; i++)
+		if (bc->bc_parms[i].held != 0)
+			printk("BC: %d has %lu of %s held on put", bc->bc_id,
+				bc->bc_parms[i].held, bc_rnames[i]);
+
+	hlist_del(&bc->hash);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&bc_hash_lock, flags);
+
+	kmem_cache_free(bc_cachep, bc);
+}
+
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(put_beancounter);
+
+/*
+ *	Generic resource charging stuff
+ */
+
+/* called with bc->bc_lock held and interrupts disabled */
+int bc_charge_locked(struct beancounter *bc, int resource, unsigned long val,
+		enum bc_severity strict)
+{
+	unsigned long new_held;
+
+	/*
+	 * bc_value <= BC_MAXVALUE, value <= BC_MAXVALUE, and only one addition
+	 * at the moment is possible so an overflow is impossible.  
+	 */
+	new_held = bc->bc_parms[resource].held + val;
+
+	switch (strict) {
+	case BC_BARRIER:
+		if (bc->bc_parms[resource].held >
+				bc->bc_parms[resource].barrier)
+			break;
+		/* fallthrough */
+	case BC_LIMIT:
+		if (bc->bc_parms[resource].held >
+				bc->bc_parms[resource].limit)
+			break;
+		/* fallthrough */
+	case BC_FORCE:
+		bc->bc_parms[resource].held = new_held;
+		bc_adjust_maxheld(bc, resource);
+		return 0;
+
+	default:
+		BUG();
+	}
+
+	bc->bc_parms[resource].failcnt++;
+	return -ENOMEM;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bc_charge_locked);
+
+int bc_charge(struct beancounter *bc, int resource, unsigned long val,
+		enum bc_severity strict)
+{
+	int retval;
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	BUG_ON(val > BC_MAXVALUE);
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&bc->bc_lock, flags);
+	retval = bc_charge_locked(bc, resource, val, strict);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&bc->bc_lock, flags);
+	return retval;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bc_charge);
+
+/* called with bc->bc_lock held and interrupts disabled */
+void bc_uncharge_locked(struct beancounter *bc, int resource, unsigned long val)
+{
+	if (unlikely(bc->bc_parms[resource].held < val)) {
+		printk("BC: overuncharging bc %d %s: val %lu, holds %lu\n",
+				bc->bc_id, bc_rnames[resource], val,
+				bc->bc_parms[resource].held);
+		val = bc->bc_parms[resource].held;
+	}
+
+	bc->bc_parms[resource].held -= val;
+	bc_adjust_minheld(bc, resource);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bc_uncharge_locked);
+
+void bc_uncharge(struct beancounter *bc, int resource, unsigned long val)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	BUG_ON(val > BC_MAXVALUE);
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&bc->bc_lock, flags);
+	bc_uncharge_locked(bc, resource, val);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&bc->bc_lock, flags);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bc_uncharge);
+
+/*
+ *	Initialization
+ *
+ *	struct beancounter contains
+ *	 - limits and other configuration settings
+ *	 - structural fields: lists, spinlocks and so on.
+ *
+ *	Before these parts are initialized, the structure should be memset
+ *	to 0 or copied from a known clean structure.  That takes care of a lot
+ *	of fields not initialized explicitly.
+ */
+
+static void init_beancounter_struct(struct beancounter *bc, bcid_t id)
+{
+	atomic_set(&bc->bc_refcount, 1);
+	spin_lock_init(&bc->bc_lock);
+	bc->bc_id = id;
+}
+
+static void init_beancounter_nolimits(struct beancounter *bc)
+{
+	int k;
+
+	for (k = 0; k < BC_RESOURCES; k++) {
+		bc->bc_parms[k].limit = BC_MAXVALUE;
+		bc->bc_parms[k].barrier = BC_MAXVALUE;
+	}
+}
+
+static void init_beancounter_syslimits(struct beancounter *bc)
+{
+	int k;
+
+	for (k = 0; k < BC_RESOURCES; k++)
+		bc->bc_parms[k].barrier = bc->bc_parms[k].limit;
+}
+
+void __init bc_init_early(void)
+{
+	struct beancounter *bc;
+	struct hlist_head *slot;
+
+	bc = &init_bc;
+
+	init_beancounter_nolimits(bc);
+	init_beancounter_struct(bc, 0);
+
+	spin_lock_init(&bc_hash_lock);
+	slot = &bc_hash[bc_hash_fn(bc->bc_id)];
+	hlist_add_head(&bc->hash, slot);
+}
+
+void __init bc_init_late(void)
+{
+	struct beancounter *bc;
+
+	bc_cachep = kmem_cache_create("beancounters",
+			sizeof(struct beancounter), 0,
+			SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN | SLAB_PANIC, NULL, NULL);
+
+	bc = &default_beancounter;
+	init_beancounter_syslimits(bc);
+	init_beancounter_struct(bc, 0);
+}