[PATCH] Rewrite proc seq operations via seq_list_xxx ones

[PATCH] Rewrite proc seq operations via seq_list_xxx ones

[Pavel Emelyanov]

Some time ago I posted a set of patches that consolidated
the seq files, walking the list_head-s. This set was merged
in the mm tree. /proc/diskstats and /proc/partitions files 
were included in this set, but a bit later this part was 
dropped because of conflicts with some other changes.

Here's the fixed version against the latest git block repo.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>

---

diff --git a/block/genhd.c b/block/genhd.c
index 3af1e7a..27f7061 100644
--- a/block/genhd.c
+++ b/block/genhd.c
@@ -264,39 +264,34 @@ void __init printk_all_partitions(void)
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
 /* iterator */
-static void *part_start(struct seq_file *part, loff_t *pos)
+static void *disk_start(struct seq_file *part, loff_t *pos)
 {
-	struct list_head *p;
-	loff_t l = *pos;
-
 	mutex_lock(&block_subsys_lock);
-	list_for_each(p, &block_subsys.list)
-		if (!l--)
-			return list_entry(p, struct gendisk, kobj.entry);
-	return NULL;
+	return seq_list_start_head(&block_subsys.list, *pos);
 }
 
-static void *part_next(struct seq_file *part, void *v, loff_t *pos)
+static void *disk_next(struct seq_file *part, void *v, loff_t *pos)
 {
-	struct list_head *p = ((struct gendisk *)v)->kobj.entry.next;
-	++*pos;
-	return p==&block_subsys.list ? NULL :
-		list_entry(p, struct gendisk, kobj.entry);
+	return seq_list_next(v, &block_subsys.list, pos);
 }
 
-static void part_stop(struct seq_file *part, void *v)
+static void disk_stop(struct seq_file *part, void *v)
 {
 	mutex_unlock(&block_subsys_lock);
 }
 
 static int show_partition(struct seq_file *part, void *v)
 {
-	struct gendisk *sgp = v;
+	struct gendisk *sgp;
 	int n;
 	char buf[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
 
-	if (&sgp->kobj.entry == block_subsys.list.next)
+	if (v == &block_subsys.list) {
 		seq_puts(part, "major minor  #blocks  name\n\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	sgp = list_entry(v, struct gendisk, kobj.entry);
 
 	/* Don't show non-partitionable removeable devices or empty devices */
 	if (!get_capacity(sgp) ||
@@ -325,9 +320,9 @@ static int show_partition(struct seq_fil
 }
 
 struct seq_operations partitions_op = {
-	.start =part_start,
-	.next =	part_next,
-	.stop =	part_stop,
+	.start =disk_start,
+	.next =	disk_next,
+	.stop =	disk_stop,
 	.show =	show_partition
 };
 #endif
@@ -616,44 +611,22 @@ decl_subsys(block, &ktype_block, &block_
  */
 
 /* iterator */
-static void *diskstats_start(struct seq_file *part, loff_t *pos)
-{
-	loff_t k = *pos;
-	struct list_head *p;
-
-	mutex_lock(&block_subsys_lock);
-	list_for_each(p, &block_subsys.list)
-		if (!k--)
-			return list_entry(p, struct gendisk, kobj.entry);
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-static void *diskstats_next(struct seq_file *part, void *v, loff_t *pos)
-{
-	struct list_head *p = ((struct gendisk *)v)->kobj.entry.next;
-	++*pos;
-	return p==&block_subsys.list ? NULL :
-		list_entry(p, struct gendisk, kobj.entry);
-}
-
-static void diskstats_stop(struct seq_file *part, void *v)
-{
-	mutex_unlock(&block_subsys_lock);
-}
-
 static int diskstats_show(struct seq_file *s, void *v)
 {
-	struct gendisk *gp = v;
+	struct gendisk *gp;
 	char buf[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
 	int n = 0;
 
+	if (v == &block_subsys.list)
 	/*
-	if (&sgp->kobj.entry == block_subsys.kset.list.next)
 		seq_puts(s,	"major minor name"
 				"     rio rmerge rsect ruse wio wmerge "
 				"wsect wuse running use aveq"
 				"\n\n");
 	*/
+		return 0;
+
+	gp = list_entry(v, struct gendisk, kobj.entry);
  
 	preempt_disable();
 	disk_round_stats(gp);
@@ -686,9 +659,9 @@ static int diskstats_show(struct seq_fil
 }
 
 struct seq_operations diskstats_op = {
-	.start	= diskstats_start,
-	.next	= diskstats_next,
-	.stop	= diskstats_stop,
+	.start	= disk_start,
+	.next	= disk_next,
+	.stop	= disk_stop,
 	.show	= diskstats_show
 };
 

Re: [PATCH] Rewrite proc seq operations via seq_list_xxx ones

[Mathieu Desnoyers]

* Pavel Emelyanov (xemul@openvz.org) wrote:
> Some time ago I posted a set of patches that consolidated
> the seq files, walking the list_head-s. This set was merged
> in the mm tree. /proc/diskstats and /proc/partitions files 
> were included in this set, but a bit later this part was 
> dropped because of conflicts with some other changes.
> 
> Here's the fixed version against the latest git block repo.
> 

Hi Pavel,

You might want to try implementing this patch on top of the sorted seq
list patch I proposed there. It deals with a race between proc file read
and list modification between iterations.

http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/9/6/175

See this patch for a user implementation example and test code
(/proc/modules) :

http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/9/6/176

Mathieu

> Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
> 
> ---
> 
> diff --git a/block/genhd.c b/block/genhd.c
> index 3af1e7a..27f7061 100644
> --- a/block/genhd.c
> +++ b/block/genhd.c
> @@ -264,39 +264,34 @@ void __init printk_all_partitions(void)
>  
>  #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
>  /* iterator */
> -static void *part_start(struct seq_file *part, loff_t *pos)
> +static void *disk_start(struct seq_file *part, loff_t *pos)
>  {
> -	struct list_head *p;
> -	loff_t l = *pos;
> -
>  	mutex_lock(&block_subsys_lock);
> -	list_for_each(p, &block_subsys.list)
> -		if (!l--)
> -			return list_entry(p, struct gendisk, kobj.entry);
> -	return NULL;
> +	return seq_list_start_head(&block_subsys.list, *pos);
>  }
>  
> -static void *part_next(struct seq_file *part, void *v, loff_t *pos)
> +static void *disk_next(struct seq_file *part, void *v, loff_t *pos)
>  {
> -	struct list_head *p = ((struct gendisk *)v)->kobj.entry.next;
> -	++*pos;
> -	return p==&block_subsys.list ? NULL :
> -		list_entry(p, struct gendisk, kobj.entry);
> +	return seq_list_next(v, &block_subsys.list, pos);
>  }
>  
> -static void part_stop(struct seq_file *part, void *v)
> +static void disk_stop(struct seq_file *part, void *v)
>  {
>  	mutex_unlock(&block_subsys_lock);
>  }
>  
>  static int show_partition(struct seq_file *part, void *v)
>  {
> -	struct gendisk *sgp = v;
> +	struct gendisk *sgp;
>  	int n;
>  	char buf[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
>  
> -	if (&sgp->kobj.entry == block_subsys.list.next)
> +	if (v == &block_subsys.list) {
>  		seq_puts(part, "major minor  #blocks  name\n\n");
> +		return 0;
> +	}
> +
> +	sgp = list_entry(v, struct gendisk, kobj.entry);
>  
>  	/* Don't show non-partitionable removeable devices or empty devices */
>  	if (!get_capacity(sgp) ||
> @@ -325,9 +320,9 @@ static int show_partition(struct seq_fil
>  }
>  
>  struct seq_operations partitions_op = {
> -	.start =part_start,
> -	.next =	part_next,
> -	.stop =	part_stop,
> +	.start =disk_start,
> +	.next =	disk_next,
> +	.stop =	disk_stop,
>  	.show =	show_partition
>  };
>  #endif
> @@ -616,44 +611,22 @@ decl_subsys(block, &ktype_block, &block_
>   */
>  
>  /* iterator */
> -static void *diskstats_start(struct seq_file *part, loff_t *pos)
> -{
> -	loff_t k = *pos;
> -	struct list_head *p;
> -
> -	mutex_lock(&block_subsys_lock);
> -	list_for_each(p, &block_subsys.list)
> -		if (!k--)
> -			return list_entry(p, struct gendisk, kobj.entry);
> -	return NULL;
> -}
> -
> -static void *diskstats_next(struct seq_file *part, void *v, loff_t *pos)
> -{
> -	struct list_head *p = ((struct gendisk *)v)->kobj.entry.next;
> -	++*pos;
> -	return p==&block_subsys.list ? NULL :
> -		list_entry(p, struct gendisk, kobj.entry);
> -}
> -
> -static void diskstats_stop(struct seq_file *part, void *v)
> -{
> -	mutex_unlock(&block_subsys_lock);
> -}
> -
>  static int diskstats_show(struct seq_file *s, void *v)
>  {
> -	struct gendisk *gp = v;
> +	struct gendisk *gp;
>  	char buf[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
>  	int n = 0;
>  
> +	if (v == &block_subsys.list)
>  	/*
> -	if (&sgp->kobj.entry == block_subsys.kset.list.next)
>  		seq_puts(s,	"major minor name"
>  				"     rio rmerge rsect ruse wio wmerge "
>  				"wsect wuse running use aveq"
>  				"\n\n");
>  	*/
> +		return 0;
> +
> +	gp = list_entry(v, struct gendisk, kobj.entry);
>   
>  	preempt_disable();
>  	disk_round_stats(gp);
> @@ -686,9 +659,9 @@ static int diskstats_show(struct seq_fil
>  }
>  
>  struct seq_operations diskstats_op = {
> -	.start	= diskstats_start,
> -	.next	= diskstats_next,
> -	.stop	= diskstats_stop,
> +	.start	= disk_start,
> +	.next	= disk_next,
> +	.stop	= disk_stop,
>  	.show	= diskstats_show
>  };
>  
> -
> To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel" in
> the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org
> More majordomo info at  http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html
> Please read the FAQ at  http://www.tux.org/lkml/
> 

-- 
Mathieu Desnoyers
Computer Engineering Ph.D. Student, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal
OpenPGP key fingerprint: 8CD5 52C3 8E3C 4140 715F  BA06 3F25 A8FE 3BAE 9A68

Re: [PATCH] Rewrite proc seq operations via seq_list_xxx ones

[Pavel Emelyanov]

Mathieu Desnoyers wrote:
> * Pavel Emelyanov (xemul@openvz.org) wrote:
>> Some time ago I posted a set of patches that consolidated
>> the seq files, walking the list_head-s. This set was merged
>> in the mm tree. /proc/diskstats and /proc/partitions files 
>> were included in this set, but a bit later this part was 
>> dropped because of conflicts with some other changes.
>>
>> Here's the fixed version against the latest git block repo.
>>
> 
> Hi Pavel,
> 
> You might want to try implementing this patch on top of the sorted seq
> list patch I proposed there. It deals with a race between proc file read
> and list modification between iterations.

AFAIS there's no race - everything is protected with the mutex.

OTOH, If you mean the problem that the list can change while the 
seq file reallocates its buffers, then this problem exists for all
the kernel and I don't think it's a good idea to stick to the block
proc files only.

> http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/9/6/175
> 
> See this patch for a user implementation example and test code
> (/proc/modules) :
> 
> http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/9/6/176
> 
> Mathieu
> 
>> Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
>>
>> ---
>>
>> diff --git a/block/genhd.c b/block/genhd.c
>> index 3af1e7a..27f7061 100644
>> --- a/block/genhd.c
>> +++ b/block/genhd.c
>> @@ -264,39 +264,34 @@ void __init printk_all_partitions(void)
>>  
>>  #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
>>  /* iterator */
>> -static void *part_start(struct seq_file *part, loff_t *pos)
>> +static void *disk_start(struct seq_file *part, loff_t *pos)
>>  {
>> -	struct list_head *p;
>> -	loff_t l = *pos;
>> -
>>  	mutex_lock(&block_subsys_lock);
>> -	list_for_each(p, &block_subsys.list)
>> -		if (!l--)
>> -			return list_entry(p, struct gendisk, kobj.entry);
>> -	return NULL;
>> +	return seq_list_start_head(&block_subsys.list, *pos);
>>  }
>>  
>> -static void *part_next(struct seq_file *part, void *v, loff_t *pos)
>> +static void *disk_next(struct seq_file *part, void *v, loff_t *pos)
>>  {
>> -	struct list_head *p = ((struct gendisk *)v)->kobj.entry.next;
>> -	++*pos;
>> -	return p==&block_subsys.list ? NULL :
>> -		list_entry(p, struct gendisk, kobj.entry);
>> +	return seq_list_next(v, &block_subsys.list, pos);
>>  }
>>  
>> -static void part_stop(struct seq_file *part, void *v)
>> +static void disk_stop(struct seq_file *part, void *v)
>>  {
>>  	mutex_unlock(&block_subsys_lock);
>>  }
>>  
>>  static int show_partition(struct seq_file *part, void *v)
>>  {
>> -	struct gendisk *sgp = v;
>> +	struct gendisk *sgp;
>>  	int n;
>>  	char buf[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
>>  
>> -	if (&sgp->kobj.entry == block_subsys.list.next)
>> +	if (v == &block_subsys.list) {
>>  		seq_puts(part, "major minor  #blocks  name\n\n");
>> +		return 0;
>> +	}
>> +
>> +	sgp = list_entry(v, struct gendisk, kobj.entry);
>>  
>>  	/* Don't show non-partitionable removeable devices or empty devices */
>>  	if (!get_capacity(sgp) ||
>> @@ -325,9 +320,9 @@ static int show_partition(struct seq_fil
>>  }
>>  
>>  struct seq_operations partitions_op = {
>> -	.start =part_start,
>> -	.next =	part_next,
>> -	.stop =	part_stop,
>> +	.start =disk_start,
>> +	.next =	disk_next,
>> +	.stop =	disk_stop,
>>  	.show =	show_partition
>>  };
>>  #endif
>> @@ -616,44 +611,22 @@ decl_subsys(block, &ktype_block, &block_
>>   */
>>  
>>  /* iterator */
>> -static void *diskstats_start(struct seq_file *part, loff_t *pos)
>> -{
>> -	loff_t k = *pos;
>> -	struct list_head *p;
>> -
>> -	mutex_lock(&block_subsys_lock);
>> -	list_for_each(p, &block_subsys.list)
>> -		if (!k--)
>> -			return list_entry(p, struct gendisk, kobj.entry);
>> -	return NULL;
>> -}
>> -
>> -static void *diskstats_next(struct seq_file *part, void *v, loff_t *pos)
>> -{
>> -	struct list_head *p = ((struct gendisk *)v)->kobj.entry.next;
>> -	++*pos;
>> -	return p==&block_subsys.list ? NULL :
>> -		list_entry(p, struct gendisk, kobj.entry);
>> -}
>> -
>> -static void diskstats_stop(struct seq_file *part, void *v)
>> -{
>> -	mutex_unlock(&block_subsys_lock);
>> -}
>> -
>>  static int diskstats_show(struct seq_file *s, void *v)
>>  {
>> -	struct gendisk *gp = v;
>> +	struct gendisk *gp;
>>  	char buf[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
>>  	int n = 0;
>>  
>> +	if (v == &block_subsys.list)
>>  	/*
>> -	if (&sgp->kobj.entry == block_subsys.kset.list.next)
>>  		seq_puts(s,	"major minor name"
>>  				"     rio rmerge rsect ruse wio wmerge "
>>  				"wsect wuse running use aveq"
>>  				"\n\n");
>>  	*/
>> +		return 0;
>> +
>> +	gp = list_entry(v, struct gendisk, kobj.entry);
>>   
>>  	preempt_disable();
>>  	disk_round_stats(gp);
>> @@ -686,9 +659,9 @@ static int diskstats_show(struct seq_fil
>>  }
>>  
>>  struct seq_operations diskstats_op = {
>> -	.start	= diskstats_start,
>> -	.next	= diskstats_next,
>> -	.stop	= diskstats_stop,
>> +	.start	= disk_start,
>> +	.next	= disk_next,
>> +	.stop	= disk_stop,
>>  	.show	= diskstats_show
>>  };
>>  
>> -
>> To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel" in
>> the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org
>> More majordomo info at  http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html
>> Please read the FAQ at  http://www.tux.org/lkml/
>>
> 

Re: [PATCH] Rewrite proc seq operations via seq_list_xxx ones

[Mathieu Desnoyers]

* Pavel Emelyanov (xemul@openvz.org) wrote:
> Mathieu Desnoyers wrote:
> > * Pavel Emelyanov (xemul@openvz.org) wrote:
> >> Some time ago I posted a set of patches that consolidated
> >> the seq files, walking the list_head-s. This set was merged
> >> in the mm tree. /proc/diskstats and /proc/partitions files 
> >> were included in this set, but a bit later this part was 
> >> dropped because of conflicts with some other changes.
> >>
> >> Here's the fixed version against the latest git block repo.
> >>
> > 
> > Hi Pavel,
> > 
> > You might want to try implementing this patch on top of the sorted seq
> > list patch I proposed there. It deals with a race between proc file read
> > and list modification between iterations.
> 
> AFAIS there's no race - everything is protected with the mutex.
> 
> OTOH, If you mean the problem that the list can change while the 
> seq file reallocates its buffers, then this problem exists for all
> the kernel and I don't think it's a good idea to stick to the block
> proc files only.
> 

The problem is that the list can change between two consecutive reads.
And yes, all proc files using lists are affected, but changing every
proc file users is a quite large task.

A problematic sequence would be:

1st procfs read()
*_start()
- mutex down
- seq list start

*_next()
- seq list next

*_stop()
- mutex up
end of 1st procfs read()

mutex down
-> Removing a list entry
mutex up

2nd procfs read()
*_start()
- mutex down
... we now skip a list entry depending on the relative position of our
iterator and the deletion.

The mutex is taken/released at each and every read, therefore not
protecting against modifications across reads.

Mathieu


> > http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/9/6/175
> > 
> > See this patch for a user implementation example and test code
> > (/proc/modules) :
> > 
> > http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/9/6/176
> > 
> > Mathieu
> > 
> >> Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
> >>
> >> ---
> >>
> >> diff --git a/block/genhd.c b/block/genhd.c
> >> index 3af1e7a..27f7061 100644
> >> --- a/block/genhd.c
> >> +++ b/block/genhd.c
> >> @@ -264,39 +264,34 @@ void __init printk_all_partitions(void)
> >>  
> >>  #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
> >>  /* iterator */
> >> -static void *part_start(struct seq_file *part, loff_t *pos)
> >> +static void *disk_start(struct seq_file *part, loff_t *pos)
> >>  {
> >> -	struct list_head *p;
> >> -	loff_t l = *pos;
> >> -
> >>  	mutex_lock(&block_subsys_lock);
> >> -	list_for_each(p, &block_subsys.list)
> >> -		if (!l--)
> >> -			return list_entry(p, struct gendisk, kobj.entry);
> >> -	return NULL;
> >> +	return seq_list_start_head(&block_subsys.list, *pos);
> >>  }
> >>  
> >> -static void *part_next(struct seq_file *part, void *v, loff_t *pos)
> >> +static void *disk_next(struct seq_file *part, void *v, loff_t *pos)
> >>  {
> >> -	struct list_head *p = ((struct gendisk *)v)->kobj.entry.next;
> >> -	++*pos;
> >> -	return p==&block_subsys.list ? NULL :
> >> -		list_entry(p, struct gendisk, kobj.entry);
> >> +	return seq_list_next(v, &block_subsys.list, pos);
> >>  }
> >>  
> >> -static void part_stop(struct seq_file *part, void *v)
> >> +static void disk_stop(struct seq_file *part, void *v)
> >>  {
> >>  	mutex_unlock(&block_subsys_lock);
> >>  }
> >>  
> >>  static int show_partition(struct seq_file *part, void *v)
> >>  {
> >> -	struct gendisk *sgp = v;
> >> +	struct gendisk *sgp;
> >>  	int n;
> >>  	char buf[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
> >>  
> >> -	if (&sgp->kobj.entry == block_subsys.list.next)
> >> +	if (v == &block_subsys.list) {
> >>  		seq_puts(part, "major minor  #blocks  name\n\n");
> >> +		return 0;
> >> +	}
> >> +
> >> +	sgp = list_entry(v, struct gendisk, kobj.entry);
> >>  
> >>  	/* Don't show non-partitionable removeable devices or empty devices */
> >>  	if (!get_capacity(sgp) ||
> >> @@ -325,9 +320,9 @@ static int show_partition(struct seq_fil
> >>  }
> >>  
> >>  struct seq_operations partitions_op = {
> >> -	.start =part_start,
> >> -	.next =	part_next,
> >> -	.stop =	part_stop,
> >> +	.start =disk_start,
> >> +	.next =	disk_next,
> >> +	.stop =	disk_stop,
> >>  	.show =	show_partition
> >>  };
> >>  #endif
> >> @@ -616,44 +611,22 @@ decl_subsys(block, &ktype_block, &block_
> >>   */
> >>  
> >>  /* iterator */
> >> -static void *diskstats_start(struct seq_file *part, loff_t *pos)
> >> -{
> >> -	loff_t k = *pos;
> >> -	struct list_head *p;
> >> -
> >> -	mutex_lock(&block_subsys_lock);
> >> -	list_for_each(p, &block_subsys.list)
> >> -		if (!k--)
> >> -			return list_entry(p, struct gendisk, kobj.entry);
> >> -	return NULL;
> >> -}
> >> -
> >> -static void *diskstats_next(struct seq_file *part, void *v, loff_t *pos)
> >> -{
> >> -	struct list_head *p = ((struct gendisk *)v)->kobj.entry.next;
> >> -	++*pos;
> >> -	return p==&block_subsys.list ? NULL :
> >> -		list_entry(p, struct gendisk, kobj.entry);
> >> -}
> >> -
> >> -static void diskstats_stop(struct seq_file *part, void *v)
> >> -{
> >> -	mutex_unlock(&block_subsys_lock);
> >> -}
> >> -
> >>  static int diskstats_show(struct seq_file *s, void *v)
> >>  {
> >> -	struct gendisk *gp = v;
> >> +	struct gendisk *gp;
> >>  	char buf[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
> >>  	int n = 0;
> >>  
> >> +	if (v == &block_subsys.list)
> >>  	/*
> >> -	if (&sgp->kobj.entry == block_subsys.kset.list.next)
> >>  		seq_puts(s,	"major minor name"
> >>  				"     rio rmerge rsect ruse wio wmerge "
> >>  				"wsect wuse running use aveq"
> >>  				"\n\n");
> >>  	*/
> >> +		return 0;
> >> +
> >> +	gp = list_entry(v, struct gendisk, kobj.entry);
> >>   
> >>  	preempt_disable();
> >>  	disk_round_stats(gp);
> >> @@ -686,9 +659,9 @@ static int diskstats_show(struct seq_fil
> >>  }
> >>  
> >>  struct seq_operations diskstats_op = {
> >> -	.start	= diskstats_start,
> >> -	.next	= diskstats_next,
> >> -	.stop	= diskstats_stop,
> >> +	.start	= disk_start,
> >> +	.next	= disk_next,
> >> +	.stop	= disk_stop,
> >>  	.show	= diskstats_show
> >>  };
> >>  
> >> -
> >> To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel" in
> >> the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org
> >> More majordomo info at  http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html
> >> Please read the FAQ at  http://www.tux.org/lkml/
> >>
> > 
> 

-- 
Mathieu Desnoyers
Computer Engineering Ph.D. Student, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal
OpenPGP key fingerprint: 8CD5 52C3 8E3C 4140 715F  BA06 3F25 A8FE 3BAE 9A68