[PATCH] adxl345 accelerometer hwmon driver

[PATCH] adxl345 accelerometer hwmon driver

[Chris Verges]

[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 16288 bytes --]

Hi kernel hackers,

Here is a patch that adds support to the Linux kernel for Analog
Device's ADXL345 chip.  It is an accelerometer that uses I2C and HWMON.
When I looked into the MAINTAINERS file for the appropriate list, the
"Orphan" status of "Hardware Monitoring" confused me as to the proper
list for this patch ... please let me know if I need to forward it
elsewhere.

ALPHA Warning: THIS CODE COMPILES WITHOUT ERROR, BUT HAS NOT BEEN TESTED
YET.

I'd appreciate feedback from those who have the time/interest to help!
Code review would be great, someone with hardware for testing would be
excellent.

Thanks,
Chris


--- PATCH BELOW ---

Signed-off-by: Chris Verges <chrisv@cyberswitching.com>
Index: drivers/hwmon/Makefile
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.29.3-orig/drivers/hwmon/Makefile	(revision 33)
+++ linux-2.6.29.3/drivers/hwmon/Makefile	(revision 49)
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_ADT7470)	+= adt7470.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_ADT7473)	+= adt7473.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_ADT7475)	+= adt7475.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_ADXL345)	+= adxl345.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_APPLESMC)	+= applesmc.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_AMS)	+= ams/
Index: drivers/hwmon/Kconfig
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.29.3-orig/drivers/hwmon/Kconfig	(revision 33)
+++ linux-2.6.29.3/drivers/hwmon/Kconfig	(revision 49)
@@ -199,6 +199,16 @@
 	  This driver can also be build as a module.  If so, the module
 	  will be called adt7475.
 
+config SENSORS_ADXL345
+	tristate "Analog Devices ADXL345"
+	depends on I2C && EXPERIMENTAL
+	help
+	  If you say yes here, you get support for the Analog Devices
+	  ADXL345 digital accelerometer chip.
+
+	  This driver can also be build as a module.  If so, the module
+	  will be called adxl345.
+
 config SENSORS_K8TEMP
 	tristate "AMD Athlon64/FX or Opteron temperature sensor"
 	depends on X86 && PCI && EXPERIMENTAL
Index: drivers/hwmon/adxl345.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.29.3-orig/drivers/hwmon/adxl345.c	(revision 0)
+++ linux-2.6.29.3/drivers/hwmon/adxl345.c	(revision 49)
@@ -0,0 +1,521 @@
+/*
+ * A hwmon driver for the Analog Devices ADXL345
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2009 Cyber Switching, Inc.
+ * Author: Robert Mehranfar <robertme@earthlink.net>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/jiffies.h>
+#include <linux/i2c.h>
+#include <linux/hwmon.h>
+#include <linux/hwmon-sysfs.h>
+#include <linux/hwmon-vid.h>
+#include <linux/err.h>
+#include <linux/mutex.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+
+#define DRV_NAME	"adxl345"
+#define DRV_VERSION	"0.1"
+
+#define SIMULATE 1
+
+/*
+ * The ADXL345 registers
+ */
+#define ADXL345_REG_DEV_ID		0x00
+#define ADXL345_REG_OFS(nr)		(0x1E + (nr))
+#define ADXL345_REG_DATA(nr)		(0x32 + (nr))
+#define ADXL345_REG_DATA_FORMAT		0x31
+
+/*
+ * See ADXL345 specification
+ */
+#define OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE 15
+#define OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL 6
+
+#define MAX_OFFSET 1988
+#define MIN_OFFSET -1998
+
+/*
+ * Based on 10-bit resolution +/-16 range set in the DATA FORMAT
register
+ */
+#define DATA_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE 15
+#define DATA_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL 6
+#define NUMBER_OF_AXES 3
+
+#define X_AXIS 0
+#define Y_AXIS 1
+#define Z_AXIS 2
+
+/* Position in the sysfs attribute array */
+#define X_AXIS_ATTR 0
+#define Y_AXIS_ATTR 1
+#define Z_AXIS_ATTR 2
+#define DATA_ATTR 3
+
+/*
+ * Functions declaration
+ */
+static void adxl345_init_client(struct i2c_client *client);
+static struct adxl345_data *adxl345_update_device(struct device *dev);
+static void convert_to_fraction(s16 data, u8 whole_scale, u8
fraction_scale,
+					int *decimal, int *fraction);
+
+/*
+ * Client data (each client gets its own)
+ */
+struct adxl345_data {
+	struct i2c_client	client;
+	struct device		*hwmon_dev;
+	struct mutex		update_lock;	/* lock on the structure
*/
+	char			valid;		/* 0 until below are
valid */
+	unsigned long		last_updated;	/* in jiffies */
+
+	/*
+	 * ADXL345 Data
+	 * In two's complement, data coming in from or going out to
user-space
+	 * must be converted.
+	 */
+	u8			offset[NUMBER_OF_AXES];
+	u16			data[NUMBER_OF_AXES];
+};
+
+
+/*
+ * Converts internal data to a decimal-fraction value.
+ * Notes: Must already be converted out of twos complement
+ *
+ * @param data  Data to be converted
+ * @param whole_scale Scale factor for whole number part. (Set to 1 for
no scaling).
+ * @param fraction_scale Scale factor for fractional number part. (Set
to 1 for no scaling).
+ * @param decimal Pointer to location to store decimal part.
+ * @param fraction Pointer to location to store fractional part.
+ */
+static void convert_to_fraction(s16 data, u8 whole_scale, u8
fraction_scale,
+					int *decimal, int *fraction)
+{
+	int temp_decimal, temp_fraction, temp;
+	int sign = 1;
+
+	/* Scale the decimal and fractional parts */
+	temp_decimal = data * whole_scale * 10;
+	temp_fraction = data * fraction_scale;
+
+	/* get rid of the sign for negative fractions */
+	if (temp_fraction < 0) {
+		sign = -1;
+		temp_fraction *= sign;
+	}
+
+	/* If necessary, carry */
+	if (temp_fraction >= 10) {
+		/* Add to the decimal part */
+		temp_decimal += sign * temp_fraction;
+
+		/* Amount to be subtracted from the fractional part */
+		temp = temp_fraction / 10;
+
+		temp_fraction -= temp * 10;
+	}
+
+	temp_decimal /= 10;
+
+	/*
+	 * If at least 10 still remains in the fractional part, one
+	 * last carry
+	 */
+	if (temp_fraction >= 10) {
+		temp_decimal += sign;
+		temp_fraction -= 10;
+	}
+
+	/* Pass the values up */
+	*decimal = temp_decimal;
+	*fraction = temp_fraction;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called in response to cat ofs(x,y,z) in sysfs
+ *
+ * @param dev Pointer to device
+ * @param attr Pointer to the device attributes
+ * @param buf Pointer to string shown in user space
+ * @return Number of chars copied to buffer
+*/
+static ssize_t show_offset(struct device *dev,
+				struct device_attribute *attr,
+				char *buf)
+{
+	int index = to_sensor_dev_attr(attr)->index;
+	struct adxl345_data *data = adxl345_update_device(dev);
+	int decimal, fraction;
+	s8 temp_data;
+
+	dev_dbg(dev, "%s\n", __func__);
+
+	/* Convert from 2's complement */
+	temp_data = ~(data->offset[index] - 1);
+
+	dev_dbg(dev, "temp_data=%d\n", temp_data);
+
+	convert_to_fraction(temp_data,
+			OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE,
+			OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL,
+			&decimal,
+			&fraction);
+
+	return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE,
+			"%4d.%1d\n", decimal, fraction);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called in response to echoing data to ofs(x,y,z) in sysfs
+ * Note: Input range is -1998 to 1998 milli-g's
+ *
+ * @param dev Pointer to device
+ * @param attr Pointer to the device attributes
+ * @param buf Pointer to string passed in from user space
+ * @param count Number of chars passed in from user space..
+ * @return Number of chars passed in from user space.
+ */
+static ssize_t set_offset(struct device *dev,
+				struct device_attribute *attr,
+				const char *buf,
+				size_t count)
+{
+	int index = to_sensor_dev_attr(attr)->index;
+	struct i2c_client *client = to_i2c_client(dev);
+	struct adxl345_data *data = i2c_get_clientdata(client);
+	long val;
+	long temp_val;
+
+	dev_dbg(dev, "%s\n", __func__);
+
+	if (!strict_strtol(buf, 10, &val)) {
+		dev_dbg(dev, "error in converting string '%s' to
long\n",
+				buf);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* If outside offset range, clip to max or min value */
+	if (val < MIN_OFFSET)
+		val = MIN_OFFSET;
+	else if (val > MAX_OFFSET)
+		val = MAX_OFFSET;
+
+	temp_val = (val * 100) %
+			((OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE * 100) +
+			(OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL * 10));
+	if (temp_val < 0)
+		temp_val *= -1;
+
+	/* Get rid of scale for internal storage */
+	val = (val * 100) /
+			((OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE * 100) +
+			(OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL * 10));
+
+	if (temp_val > (OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE * 100) / 2 && val > 0)
+		++val;
+	else if (temp_val > (OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE * 100) / 2 && val
< 0)
+		--val;
+
+	val = ~val + 1;  /* convert to two's complement */
+
+	mutex_lock(&data->update_lock);
+
+	data->offset[index] = val;
+
+	dev_dbg(dev, "offset[%d]=%d\n", index, data->offset[index]);
+
+	/* Write the avlue to the chip via I2C */
+	i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(client,
+			ADXL345_REG_OFS(index),
+			data->offset[index]);
+
+	mutex_unlock(&data->update_lock);
+
+	return count;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called in response to cat data in sysfs
+ *
+ * @param dev Pointer to device
+ * @param attr Pointer to the device attributes
+ * @param buf Pointer to string shown in user space
+ * @return Number of chars copied to buffer
+*/
+static ssize_t show_data(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute
*attr,
+				char *buf)
+{
+	int i;
+	s16 temp_data;
+	int decimal[NUMBER_OF_AXES], fraction[NUMBER_OF_AXES];
+
+	struct adxl345_data *data = adxl345_update_device(dev);
+
+	/* Convert x,y,z values */
+	for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_AXES; i++) {
+		/* Convert from 2's complement */
+		temp_data = ~(data->data[i] - 1);
+
+		convert_to_fraction(temp_data,
+				DATA_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE,
+				DATA_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL,
+				&decimal[i],
+				&fraction[i]);
+	}
+
+	return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE,
+			"x:%5d.%1d y:%5d.%1d z:%5d.%1d\n",
+			decimal[X_AXIS], fraction[X_AXIS],
+			decimal[Y_AXIS], fraction[Y_AXIS],
+			decimal[Z_AXIS], fraction[Z_AXIS]);
+}
+
+/*  Attributes of the sysfs entries */
+static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(ofsx, S_IWUSR | S_IRUGO,
+				show_offset, set_offset, X_AXIS_ATTR);
+static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(ofsy, S_IWUSR | S_IRUGO,
+				show_offset, set_offset, Y_AXIS_ATTR);
+static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(ofsz, S_IWUSR | S_IRUGO,
+				show_offset, set_offset, Z_AXIS_ATTR);
+static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(data, S_IRUGO,
+				show_data, NULL, DATA_ATTR);
+
+static struct attribute *adxl345_attributes[] = {
+	&sensor_dev_attr_ofsx.dev_attr.attr,
+	&sensor_dev_attr_ofsy.dev_attr.attr,
+	&sensor_dev_attr_ofsz.dev_attr.attr,
+	&sensor_dev_attr_data.dev_attr.attr,
+	NULL
+};
+
+static const struct attribute_group adxl345_group = {
+	.attrs = adxl345_attributes,
+};
+
+/*
+ * Initialize the chip
+ *
+ * @param client Pointer to the client structure
+ */
+static void adxl345_init_client(struct i2c_client *client)
+{
+	dev_dbg(&client->dev, "%s\n", __func__);
+
+	/*
+	 * Set up the device, No self test, Dont care about SPI or
+	 * interrupt, 10 bit resoltion, +/- 16g range
+	 */
+	i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(client, ADXL345_REG_DATA_FORMAT,
0x03);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Does more than just detection. If detection succeeds, it also
+ * registers the new chip.
+ *
+ * @param adapter Pointer to the adapter
+ * @param address I2C address
+ * @return Zero, upon success
+ */
+static int adxl345_probe(struct i2c_client *client,
+				const struct i2c_device_id *id)
+{
+	struct adxl345_data *data;
+	int err = 0;
+	u8 dev_id;
+
+	dev_dbg(&client->dev, "%s\n", __func__);
+
+	if (!i2c_check_functionality(client->adapter,
I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA))
+		return -ENODEV;
+
+	data = kzalloc(sizeof(struct adxl345_data), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!data)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	i2c_set_clientdata(client, data);
+
+	#ifdef SIMULATE
+	dev_id = 0xE5; /* Spoof the Analog Devices device ID */
+	dev_dbg(&client->dev, "Simulating ADXL345 device\n");
+	#else
+	dev_id = i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client, ADXL345_REG_DEV_ID);
+	#endif
+
+	/* If the chip is not from Analog Devices, report an error */
+	if (dev_id != 0xE5) {
+		dev_err(&client->dev, "Unsupported chip
(dev_id=0x%02X)\n",
+				dev_id);
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto err_free_mem;
+	}
+
+	dev_info(&client->dev, "chip found, driver version "
+			DRV_VERSION "\n");
+
+	/* We can fill in the remaining client fields */
+	mutex_init(&data->update_lock);
+
+	/* Initialize the ADXL345 chip */
+	adxl345_init_client(client);
+
+	/* Register sysfs hooks */
+	err = sysfs_create_group(&client->dev.kobj, &adxl345_group);
+	if (err)
+		goto err_free_mem;
+
+	data->hwmon_dev = hwmon_device_register(&client->dev);
+	if (IS_ERR(data->hwmon_dev)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(data->hwmon_dev);
+		goto err_remove;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+err_remove:
+	sysfs_remove_group(&client->dev.kobj, &adxl345_group);
+err_free_mem:
+	kfree(data);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Unregister device, remove the sysfs entries, and detach the client
+ * from I2C bus.
+ *
+ * @param client Pointer to the client structure
+ * @return Zero, upon success.
+ */
+static int adxl345_remove(struct i2c_client *client)
+{
+	struct adxl345_data *data = i2c_get_clientdata(client);
+
+	hwmon_device_unregister(data->hwmon_dev);
+	sysfs_remove_group(&client->dev.kobj, &adxl345_group);
+
+	i2c_unregister_device(client);
+
+	kfree(data);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Gets the data from the chip.
+ *
+ * @param client Pointer to the device
+ * @return Pointer to structure containing the data
+ */
+static struct adxl345_data *adxl345_update_device(struct device *dev)
+{
+	struct i2c_client *client = to_i2c_client(dev);
+	struct adxl345_data *data = i2c_get_clientdata(client);
+	int i;
+
+	dev_dbg(dev, "%s\n", __func__);
+
+	mutex_lock(&data->update_lock);
+
+	/*
+	 * This delay is 500ms, based on a default value of 100 for HZ
+	 * in ARM kernels
+	 */
+	if (time_after(jiffies, data->last_updated + HZ * 50) ||
+		!data->valid) {
+		for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_AXES; i++) {
+			data->offset[i] =
i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client,
+						ADXL345_REG_OFS(i));
+			dev_dbg(dev, "offset[%d]=%d\n", i,
data->offset[i]);
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Concatenate the data from each register pair
+		 * Indexing logic is needed as per ADXL345 spec, LSB is
first
+		 * INDEX(reg)  LSB  MSB
+		 *     0        0    1
+		 *     1        2    3
+		 *     2        4    5
+		 */
+		for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_AXES; i++) {
+			/* Get the MSB, shift by 8, and then get the LSB
*/
+			data->data[i] = i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client,
+						ADXL345_REG_DATA(i*2+1))
<< 8;
+			data->data[i] |=
i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client,
+						ADXL345_REG_DATA(i*2));
+
+			dev_dbg(dev, "data[%d]=%d\n", i, data->data[i]);
+		}
+
+		data->last_updated = jiffies;
+		data->valid = 1;
+	}
+
+	mutex_unlock(&data->update_lock);
+
+	return data;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Driver data (common to all clients)
+ */
+
+static const struct i2c_device_id adxl345_id[] = {
+	{ "adxl345", 0 },
+	{ }
+};
+MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(i2c, adxl345_id);
+
+static struct i2c_driver adxl345_driver = {
+	.driver = {
+		.name	= DRV_NAME,
+	},
+	.probe		= adxl345_probe,
+	.remove		= adxl345_remove,
+	.id_table	= adxl345_id,
+};
+
+/*
+ * Initialize the module
+ *
+ * @return Zero, upon success
+ */
+static int __init adxl345_init(void)
+{
+	return i2c_add_driver(&adxl345_driver);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Remove the module
+ */
+static void __exit adxl345_exit(void)
+{
+	i2c_del_driver(&adxl345_driver);
+}
+
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Robert Mehranfar <robertme@earthlink.net>");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Analog Devices ADXL345 driver");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+MODULE_VERSION(DRV_VERSION);
+
+module_init(adxl345_init);
+module_exit(adxl345_exit);

[-- Attachment #2: adxl345.patch --]
[-- Type: application/octet-stream, Size: 15040 bytes --]

Signed-off-by: Chris Verges <chrisv@cyberswitching.com>
Index: drivers/hwmon/Makefile
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.29.3-orig/drivers/hwmon/Makefile	(revision 33)
+++ linux-2.6.29.3/drivers/hwmon/Makefile	(revision 49)
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_ADT7470)	+= adt7470.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_ADT7473)	+= adt7473.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_ADT7475)	+= adt7475.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_ADXL345)	+= adxl345.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_APPLESMC)	+= applesmc.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_AMS)	+= ams/
Index: drivers/hwmon/Kconfig
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.29.3-orig/drivers/hwmon/Kconfig	(revision 33)
+++ linux-2.6.29.3/drivers/hwmon/Kconfig	(revision 49)
@@ -199,6 +199,16 @@
 	  This driver can also be build as a module.  If so, the module
 	  will be called adt7475.
 
+config SENSORS_ADXL345
+	tristate "Analog Devices ADXL345"
+	depends on I2C && EXPERIMENTAL
+	help
+	  If you say yes here, you get support for the Analog Devices
+	  ADXL345 digital accelerometer chip.
+
+	  This driver can also be build as a module.  If so, the module
+	  will be called adxl345.
+
 config SENSORS_K8TEMP
 	tristate "AMD Athlon64/FX or Opteron temperature sensor"
 	depends on X86 && PCI && EXPERIMENTAL
Index: drivers/hwmon/adxl345.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.29.3-orig/drivers/hwmon/adxl345.c	(revision 0)
+++ linux-2.6.29.3/drivers/hwmon/adxl345.c	(revision 49)
@@ -0,0 +1,521 @@
+/*
+ * A hwmon driver for the Analog Devices ADXL345
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2009 Cyber Switching, Inc.
+ * Author: Robert Mehranfar <robertme@earthlink.net>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/jiffies.h>
+#include <linux/i2c.h>
+#include <linux/hwmon.h>
+#include <linux/hwmon-sysfs.h>
+#include <linux/hwmon-vid.h>
+#include <linux/err.h>
+#include <linux/mutex.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+
+#define DRV_NAME	"adxl345"
+#define DRV_VERSION	"0.1"
+
+#define SIMULATE 1
+
+/*
+ * The ADXL345 registers
+ */
+#define ADXL345_REG_DEV_ID		0x00
+#define ADXL345_REG_OFS(nr)		(0x1E + (nr))
+#define ADXL345_REG_DATA(nr)		(0x32 + (nr))
+#define ADXL345_REG_DATA_FORMAT		0x31
+
+/*
+ * See ADXL345 specification
+ */
+#define OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE 15
+#define OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL 6
+
+#define MAX_OFFSET 1988
+#define MIN_OFFSET -1998
+
+/*
+ * Based on 10-bit resolution +/-16 range set in the DATA FORMAT register
+ */
+#define DATA_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE 15
+#define DATA_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL 6
+#define NUMBER_OF_AXES 3
+
+#define X_AXIS 0
+#define Y_AXIS 1
+#define Z_AXIS 2
+
+/* Position in the sysfs attribute array */
+#define X_AXIS_ATTR 0
+#define Y_AXIS_ATTR 1
+#define Z_AXIS_ATTR 2
+#define DATA_ATTR 3
+
+/*
+ * Functions declaration
+ */
+static void adxl345_init_client(struct i2c_client *client);
+static struct adxl345_data *adxl345_update_device(struct device *dev);
+static void convert_to_fraction(s16 data, u8 whole_scale, u8 fraction_scale,
+					int *decimal, int *fraction);
+
+/*
+ * Client data (each client gets its own)
+ */
+struct adxl345_data {
+	struct i2c_client	client;
+	struct device		*hwmon_dev;
+	struct mutex		update_lock;	/* lock on the structure */
+	char			valid;		/* 0 until below are valid */
+	unsigned long		last_updated;	/* in jiffies */
+
+	/*
+	 * ADXL345 Data
+	 * In two's complement, data coming in from or going out to user-space
+	 * must be converted.
+	 */
+	u8			offset[NUMBER_OF_AXES];
+	u16			data[NUMBER_OF_AXES];
+};
+
+
+/*
+ * Converts internal data to a decimal-fraction value.
+ * Notes: Must already be converted out of twos complement
+ *
+ * @param data  Data to be converted
+ * @param whole_scale Scale factor for whole number part. (Set to 1 for no scaling).
+ * @param fraction_scale Scale factor for fractional number part. (Set to 1 for no scaling).
+ * @param decimal Pointer to location to store decimal part.
+ * @param fraction Pointer to location to store fractional part.
+ */
+static void convert_to_fraction(s16 data, u8 whole_scale, u8 fraction_scale,
+					int *decimal, int *fraction)
+{
+	int temp_decimal, temp_fraction, temp;
+	int sign = 1;
+
+	/* Scale the decimal and fractional parts */
+	temp_decimal = data * whole_scale * 10;
+	temp_fraction = data * fraction_scale;
+
+	/* get rid of the sign for negative fractions */
+	if (temp_fraction < 0) {
+		sign = -1;
+		temp_fraction *= sign;
+	}
+
+	/* If necessary, carry */
+	if (temp_fraction >= 10) {
+		/* Add to the decimal part */
+		temp_decimal += sign * temp_fraction;
+
+		/* Amount to be subtracted from the fractional part */
+		temp = temp_fraction / 10;
+
+		temp_fraction -= temp * 10;
+	}
+
+	temp_decimal /= 10;
+
+	/*
+	 * If at least 10 still remains in the fractional part, one
+	 * last carry
+	 */
+	if (temp_fraction >= 10) {
+		temp_decimal += sign;
+		temp_fraction -= 10;
+	}
+
+	/* Pass the values up */
+	*decimal = temp_decimal;
+	*fraction = temp_fraction;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called in response to cat ofs(x,y,z) in sysfs
+ *
+ * @param dev Pointer to device
+ * @param attr Pointer to the device attributes
+ * @param buf Pointer to string shown in user space
+ * @return Number of chars copied to buffer
+*/
+static ssize_t show_offset(struct device *dev,
+				struct device_attribute *attr,
+				char *buf)
+{
+	int index = to_sensor_dev_attr(attr)->index;
+	struct adxl345_data *data = adxl345_update_device(dev);
+	int decimal, fraction;
+	s8 temp_data;
+
+	dev_dbg(dev, "%s\n", __func__);
+
+	/* Convert from 2's complement */
+	temp_data = ~(data->offset[index] - 1);
+
+	dev_dbg(dev, "temp_data=%d\n", temp_data);
+
+	convert_to_fraction(temp_data,
+			OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE,
+			OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL,
+			&decimal,
+			&fraction);
+
+	return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE,
+			"%4d.%1d\n", decimal, fraction);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called in response to echoing data to ofs(x,y,z) in sysfs
+ * Note: Input range is -1998 to 1998 milli-g's
+ *
+ * @param dev Pointer to device
+ * @param attr Pointer to the device attributes
+ * @param buf Pointer to string passed in from user space
+ * @param count Number of chars passed in from user space..
+ * @return Number of chars passed in from user space.
+ */
+static ssize_t set_offset(struct device *dev,
+				struct device_attribute *attr,
+				const char *buf,
+				size_t count)
+{
+	int index = to_sensor_dev_attr(attr)->index;
+	struct i2c_client *client = to_i2c_client(dev);
+	struct adxl345_data *data = i2c_get_clientdata(client);
+	long val;
+	long temp_val;
+
+	dev_dbg(dev, "%s\n", __func__);
+
+	if (!strict_strtol(buf, 10, &val)) {
+		dev_dbg(dev, "error in converting string '%s' to long\n",
+				buf);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* If outside offset range, clip to max or min value */
+	if (val < MIN_OFFSET)
+		val = MIN_OFFSET;
+	else if (val > MAX_OFFSET)
+		val = MAX_OFFSET;
+
+	temp_val = (val * 100) %
+			((OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE * 100) +
+			(OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL * 10));
+	if (temp_val < 0)
+		temp_val *= -1;
+
+	/* Get rid of scale for internal storage */
+	val = (val * 100) /
+			((OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE * 100) +
+			(OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL * 10));
+
+	if (temp_val > (OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE * 100) / 2 && val > 0)
+		++val;
+	else if (temp_val > (OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE * 100) / 2 && val < 0)
+		--val;
+
+	val = ~val + 1;  /* convert to two's complement */
+
+	mutex_lock(&data->update_lock);
+
+	data->offset[index] = val;
+
+	dev_dbg(dev, "offset[%d]=%d\n", index, data->offset[index]);
+
+	/* Write the avlue to the chip via I2C */
+	i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(client,
+			ADXL345_REG_OFS(index),
+			data->offset[index]);
+
+	mutex_unlock(&data->update_lock);
+
+	return count;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called in response to cat data in sysfs
+ *
+ * @param dev Pointer to device
+ * @param attr Pointer to the device attributes
+ * @param buf Pointer to string shown in user space
+ * @return Number of chars copied to buffer
+*/
+static ssize_t show_data(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
+				char *buf)
+{
+	int i;
+	s16 temp_data;
+	int decimal[NUMBER_OF_AXES], fraction[NUMBER_OF_AXES];
+
+	struct adxl345_data *data = adxl345_update_device(dev);
+
+	/* Convert x,y,z values */
+	for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_AXES; i++) {
+		/* Convert from 2's complement */
+		temp_data = ~(data->data[i] - 1);
+
+		convert_to_fraction(temp_data,
+				DATA_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE,
+				DATA_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL,
+				&decimal[i],
+				&fraction[i]);
+	}
+
+	return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE,
+			"x:%5d.%1d y:%5d.%1d z:%5d.%1d\n",
+			decimal[X_AXIS], fraction[X_AXIS],
+			decimal[Y_AXIS], fraction[Y_AXIS],
+			decimal[Z_AXIS], fraction[Z_AXIS]);
+}
+
+/*  Attributes of the sysfs entries */
+static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(ofsx, S_IWUSR | S_IRUGO,
+				show_offset, set_offset, X_AXIS_ATTR);
+static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(ofsy, S_IWUSR | S_IRUGO,
+				show_offset, set_offset, Y_AXIS_ATTR);
+static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(ofsz, S_IWUSR | S_IRUGO,
+				show_offset, set_offset, Z_AXIS_ATTR);
+static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(data, S_IRUGO,
+				show_data, NULL, DATA_ATTR);
+
+static struct attribute *adxl345_attributes[] = {
+	&sensor_dev_attr_ofsx.dev_attr.attr,
+	&sensor_dev_attr_ofsy.dev_attr.attr,
+	&sensor_dev_attr_ofsz.dev_attr.attr,
+	&sensor_dev_attr_data.dev_attr.attr,
+	NULL
+};
+
+static const struct attribute_group adxl345_group = {
+	.attrs = adxl345_attributes,
+};
+
+/*
+ * Initialize the chip
+ *
+ * @param client Pointer to the client structure
+ */
+static void adxl345_init_client(struct i2c_client *client)
+{
+	dev_dbg(&client->dev, "%s\n", __func__);
+
+	/*
+	 * Set up the device, No self test, Dont care about SPI or
+	 * interrupt, 10 bit resoltion, +/- 16g range
+	 */
+	i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(client, ADXL345_REG_DATA_FORMAT, 0x03);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Does more than just detection. If detection succeeds, it also
+ * registers the new chip.
+ *
+ * @param adapter Pointer to the adapter
+ * @param address I2C address
+ * @return Zero, upon success
+ */
+static int adxl345_probe(struct i2c_client *client,
+				const struct i2c_device_id *id)
+{
+	struct adxl345_data *data;
+	int err = 0;
+	u8 dev_id;
+
+	dev_dbg(&client->dev, "%s\n", __func__);
+
+	if (!i2c_check_functionality(client->adapter, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA))
+		return -ENODEV;
+
+	data = kzalloc(sizeof(struct adxl345_data), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!data)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	i2c_set_clientdata(client, data);
+
+	#ifdef SIMULATE
+	dev_id = 0xE5; /* Spoof the Analog Devices device ID */
+	dev_dbg(&client->dev, "Simulating ADXL345 device\n");
+	#else
+	dev_id = i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client, ADXL345_REG_DEV_ID);
+	#endif
+
+	/* If the chip is not from Analog Devices, report an error */
+	if (dev_id != 0xE5) {
+		dev_err(&client->dev, "Unsupported chip (dev_id=0x%02X)\n",
+				dev_id);
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto err_free_mem;
+	}
+
+	dev_info(&client->dev, "chip found, driver version "
+			DRV_VERSION "\n");
+
+	/* We can fill in the remaining client fields */
+	mutex_init(&data->update_lock);
+
+	/* Initialize the ADXL345 chip */
+	adxl345_init_client(client);
+
+	/* Register sysfs hooks */
+	err = sysfs_create_group(&client->dev.kobj, &adxl345_group);
+	if (err)
+		goto err_free_mem;
+
+	data->hwmon_dev = hwmon_device_register(&client->dev);
+	if (IS_ERR(data->hwmon_dev)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(data->hwmon_dev);
+		goto err_remove;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+err_remove:
+	sysfs_remove_group(&client->dev.kobj, &adxl345_group);
+err_free_mem:
+	kfree(data);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Unregister device, remove the sysfs entries, and detach the client
+ * from I2C bus.
+ *
+ * @param client Pointer to the client structure
+ * @return Zero, upon success.
+ */
+static int adxl345_remove(struct i2c_client *client)
+{
+	struct adxl345_data *data = i2c_get_clientdata(client);
+
+	hwmon_device_unregister(data->hwmon_dev);
+	sysfs_remove_group(&client->dev.kobj, &adxl345_group);
+
+	i2c_unregister_device(client);
+
+	kfree(data);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Gets the data from the chip.
+ *
+ * @param client Pointer to the device
+ * @return Pointer to structure containing the data
+ */
+static struct adxl345_data *adxl345_update_device(struct device *dev)
+{
+	struct i2c_client *client = to_i2c_client(dev);
+	struct adxl345_data *data = i2c_get_clientdata(client);
+	int i;
+
+	dev_dbg(dev, "%s\n", __func__);
+
+	mutex_lock(&data->update_lock);
+
+	/*
+	 * This delay is 500ms, based on a default value of 100 for HZ
+	 * in ARM kernels
+	 */
+	if (time_after(jiffies, data->last_updated + HZ * 50) ||
+		!data->valid) {
+		for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_AXES; i++) {
+			data->offset[i] = i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client,
+						ADXL345_REG_OFS(i));
+			dev_dbg(dev, "offset[%d]=%d\n", i, data->offset[i]);
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Concatenate the data from each register pair
+		 * Indexing logic is needed as per ADXL345 spec, LSB is first
+		 * INDEX(reg)  LSB  MSB
+		 *     0        0    1
+		 *     1        2    3
+		 *     2        4    5
+		 */
+		for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_AXES; i++) {
+			/* Get the MSB, shift by 8, and then get the LSB */
+			data->data[i] = i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client,
+						ADXL345_REG_DATA(i*2+1)) << 8;
+			data->data[i] |= i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client,
+						ADXL345_REG_DATA(i*2));
+
+			dev_dbg(dev, "data[%d]=%d\n", i, data->data[i]);
+		}
+
+		data->last_updated = jiffies;
+		data->valid = 1;
+	}
+
+	mutex_unlock(&data->update_lock);
+
+	return data;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Driver data (common to all clients)
+ */
+
+static const struct i2c_device_id adxl345_id[] = {
+	{ "adxl345", 0 },
+	{ }
+};
+MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(i2c, adxl345_id);
+
+static struct i2c_driver adxl345_driver = {
+	.driver = {
+		.name	= DRV_NAME,
+	},
+	.probe		= adxl345_probe,
+	.remove		= adxl345_remove,
+	.id_table	= adxl345_id,
+};
+
+/*
+ * Initialize the module
+ *
+ * @return Zero, upon success
+ */
+static int __init adxl345_init(void)
+{
+	return i2c_add_driver(&adxl345_driver);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Remove the module
+ */
+static void __exit adxl345_exit(void)
+{
+	i2c_del_driver(&adxl345_driver);
+}
+
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Robert Mehranfar <robertme@earthlink.net>");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Analog Devices ADXL345 driver");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+MODULE_VERSION(DRV_VERSION);
+
+module_init(adxl345_init);
+module_exit(adxl345_exit);

Re: [lm-sensors] [PATCH] adxl345 accelerometer hwmon driver

[Jonathan Cameron]

> Hi kernel hackers,
> 
> Here is a patch that adds support to the Linux kernel for Analog
> Device's ADXL345 chip.  It is an accelerometer that uses I2C and HWMON.
> When I looked into the MAINTAINERS file for the appropriate list, the
> "Orphan" status of "Hardware Monitoring" confused me as to the proper
> list for this patch ... please let me know if I need to forward it
> elsewhere.
Hi Chris,

Just for reference this chip is definitely on my list of ones to support
via the Industrial I/O (iio) framework, I just haven't managed to get hold
of one as yet!  It's particualrly interesting to me because of the fifo
buffering functionality as currently I only have access to a VTI chip
that does something similar.

A new version of the IIO framework will get posted just
as soon as I've had a few mins to bring the documentation / demo userspace
apps up to date with the current code state.
I've been chasing down bugs for the last week.

First big question is:

What are you actually doing with it?  If you aren't doing hardware
monitoring then I would expect you aren't going to receive a favourable
response on here. (see the original IIO discussion on LKML for why I
started writing that in the first place.
http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/5/20/135)
It's somewhat out of date and incomplete, but there is a white paper draft at
http://www-sigproc.eng.cam.ac.uk/~jic23/iio.pdf

I'll take a look at the actual code tomorrow.  Always good to see another
accelerometer driver.

Thanks,

Jonathan

> 
> ALPHA Warning: THIS CODE COMPILES WITHOUT ERROR, BUT HAS NOT BEEN TESTED
> YET.
> 
> I'd appreciate feedback from those who have the time/interest to help!
> Code review would be great, someone with hardware for testing would be
> excellent.
> 
> Thanks,
> Chris
> 
> 
> --- PATCH BELOW ---
> 
> Signed-off-by: Chris Verges <chrisv@cyberswitching.com>
> Index: drivers/hwmon/Makefile
> ===================================================================
> --- linux-2.6.29.3-orig/drivers/hwmon/Makefile	(revision 33)
> +++ linux-2.6.29.3/drivers/hwmon/Makefile	(revision 49)
> @@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
>  obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_ADT7470)	+= adt7470.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_ADT7473)	+= adt7473.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_ADT7475)	+= adt7475.o
> +obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_ADXL345)	+= adxl345.o
>  
>  obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_APPLESMC)	+= applesmc.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_AMS)	+= ams/
> Index: drivers/hwmon/Kconfig
> ===================================================================
> --- linux-2.6.29.3-orig/drivers/hwmon/Kconfig	(revision 33)
> +++ linux-2.6.29.3/drivers/hwmon/Kconfig	(revision 49)
> @@ -199,6 +199,16 @@
>  	  This driver can also be build as a module.  If so, the module
>  	  will be called adt7475.
>  
> +config SENSORS_ADXL345
> +	tristate "Analog Devices ADXL345"
> +	depends on I2C && EXPERIMENTAL
> +	help
> +	  If you say yes here, you get support for the Analog Devices
> +	  ADXL345 digital accelerometer chip.
> +
> +	  This driver can also be build as a module.  If so, the module
> +	  will be called adxl345.
> +
>  config SENSORS_K8TEMP
>  	tristate "AMD Athlon64/FX or Opteron temperature sensor"
>  	depends on X86 && PCI && EXPERIMENTAL
> Index: drivers/hwmon/adxl345.c
> ===================================================================
> --- linux-2.6.29.3-orig/drivers/hwmon/adxl345.c	(revision 0)
> +++ linux-2.6.29.3/drivers/hwmon/adxl345.c	(revision 49)
> @@ -0,0 +1,521 @@
> +/*
> + * A hwmon driver for the Analog Devices ADXL345
> + *
> + * Copyright (c) 2009 Cyber Switching, Inc.
> + * Author: Robert Mehranfar <robertme@earthlink.net>
> + *
> + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
> + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
> + * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
> + * (at your option) any later version.
> + *
> + * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
> + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
> + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
> + * GNU General Public License for more details.
> + *
> + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
> + * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
> + * Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
> + */
> +
> +#include <linux/module.h>
> +#include <linux/init.h>
> +#include <linux/slab.h>
> +#include <linux/jiffies.h>
> +#include <linux/i2c.h>
> +#include <linux/hwmon.h>
> +#include <linux/hwmon-sysfs.h>
> +#include <linux/hwmon-vid.h>
> +#include <linux/err.h>
> +#include <linux/mutex.h>
> +#include <linux/kernel.h>
> +
> +#define DRV_NAME	"adxl345"
> +#define DRV_VERSION	"0.1"
> +
> +#define SIMULATE 1
> +
> +/*
> + * The ADXL345 registers
> + */
> +#define ADXL345_REG_DEV_ID		0x00
> +#define ADXL345_REG_OFS(nr)		(0x1E + (nr))
> +#define ADXL345_REG_DATA(nr)		(0x32 + (nr))
> +#define ADXL345_REG_DATA_FORMAT		0x31
> +
> +/*
> + * See ADXL345 specification
> + */
> +#define OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE 15
> +#define OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL 6
> +
> +#define MAX_OFFSET 1988
> +#define MIN_OFFSET -1998
> +
> +/*
> + * Based on 10-bit resolution +/-16 range set in the DATA FORMAT
> register
> + */
> +#define DATA_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE 15
> +#define DATA_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL 6
> +#define NUMBER_OF_AXES 3
> +
> +#define X_AXIS 0
> +#define Y_AXIS 1
> +#define Z_AXIS 2
> +
> +/* Position in the sysfs attribute array */
> +#define X_AXIS_ATTR 0
> +#define Y_AXIS_ATTR 1
> +#define Z_AXIS_ATTR 2
> +#define DATA_ATTR 3
> +
> +/*
> + * Functions declaration
> + */
> +static void adxl345_init_client(struct i2c_client *client);
> +static struct adxl345_data *adxl345_update_device(struct device *dev);
> +static void convert_to_fraction(s16 data, u8 whole_scale, u8
> fraction_scale,
> +					int *decimal, int *fraction);
> +
> +/*
> + * Client data (each client gets its own)
> + */
> +struct adxl345_data {
> +	struct i2c_client	client;
> +	struct device		*hwmon_dev;
> +	struct mutex		update_lock;	/* lock on the structure
> */
> +	char			valid;		/* 0 until below are
> valid */
> +	unsigned long		last_updated;	/* in jiffies */
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * ADXL345 Data
> +	 * In two's complement, data coming in from or going out to
> user-space
> +	 * must be converted.
> +	 */
> +	u8			offset[NUMBER_OF_AXES];
> +	u16			data[NUMBER_OF_AXES];
> +};
> +
> +
> +/*
> + * Converts internal data to a decimal-fraction value.
> + * Notes: Must already be converted out of twos complement
> + *
> + * @param data  Data to be converted
> + * @param whole_scale Scale factor for whole number part. (Set to 1 for
> no scaling).
> + * @param fraction_scale Scale factor for fractional number part. (Set
> to 1 for no scaling).
> + * @param decimal Pointer to location to store decimal part.
> + * @param fraction Pointer to location to store fractional part.
> + */
> +static void convert_to_fraction(s16 data, u8 whole_scale, u8
> fraction_scale,
> +					int *decimal, int *fraction)
> +{
> +	int temp_decimal, temp_fraction, temp;
> +	int sign = 1;
> +
> +	/* Scale the decimal and fractional parts */
> +	temp_decimal = data * whole_scale * 10;
> +	temp_fraction = data * fraction_scale;
> +
> +	/* get rid of the sign for negative fractions */
> +	if (temp_fraction < 0) {
> +		sign = -1;
> +		temp_fraction *= sign;
> +	}
> +
> +	/* If necessary, carry */
> +	if (temp_fraction >= 10) {
> +		/* Add to the decimal part */
> +		temp_decimal += sign * temp_fraction;
> +
> +		/* Amount to be subtracted from the fractional part */
> +		temp = temp_fraction / 10;
> +
> +		temp_fraction -= temp * 10;
> +	}
> +
> +	temp_decimal /= 10;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * If at least 10 still remains in the fractional part, one
> +	 * last carry
> +	 */
> +	if (temp_fraction >= 10) {
> +		temp_decimal += sign;
> +		temp_fraction -= 10;
> +	}
> +
> +	/* Pass the values up */
> +	*decimal = temp_decimal;
> +	*fraction = temp_fraction;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Called in response to cat ofs(x,y,z) in sysfs
> + *
> + * @param dev Pointer to device
> + * @param attr Pointer to the device attributes
> + * @param buf Pointer to string shown in user space
> + * @return Number of chars copied to buffer
> +*/
> +static ssize_t show_offset(struct device *dev,
> +				struct device_attribute *attr,
> +				char *buf)
> +{
> +	int index = to_sensor_dev_attr(attr)->index;
> +	struct adxl345_data *data = adxl345_update_device(dev);
> +	int decimal, fraction;
> +	s8 temp_data;
> +
> +	dev_dbg(dev, "%s\n", __func__);
> +
> +	/* Convert from 2's complement */
> +	temp_data = ~(data->offset[index] - 1);
> +
> +	dev_dbg(dev, "temp_data=%d\n", temp_data);
> +
> +	convert_to_fraction(temp_data,
> +			OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE,
> +			OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL,
> +			&decimal,
> +			&fraction);
> +
> +	return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE,
> +			"%4d.%1d\n", decimal, fraction);
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Called in response to echoing data to ofs(x,y,z) in sysfs
> + * Note: Input range is -1998 to 1998 milli-g's
> + *
> + * @param dev Pointer to device
> + * @param attr Pointer to the device attributes
> + * @param buf Pointer to string passed in from user space
> + * @param count Number of chars passed in from user space..
> + * @return Number of chars passed in from user space.
> + */
> +static ssize_t set_offset(struct device *dev,
> +				struct device_attribute *attr,
> +				const char *buf,
> +				size_t count)
> +{
> +	int index = to_sensor_dev_attr(attr)->index;
> +	struct i2c_client *client = to_i2c_client(dev);
> +	struct adxl345_data *data = i2c_get_clientdata(client);
> +	long val;
> +	long temp_val;
> +
> +	dev_dbg(dev, "%s\n", __func__);
> +
> +	if (!strict_strtol(buf, 10, &val)) {
> +		dev_dbg(dev, "error in converting string '%s' to
> long\n",
> +				buf);
> +		return 0;
> +	}
> +
> +	/* If outside offset range, clip to max or min value */
> +	if (val < MIN_OFFSET)
> +		val = MIN_OFFSET;
> +	else if (val > MAX_OFFSET)
> +		val = MAX_OFFSET;
> +
> +	temp_val = (val * 100) %
> +			((OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE * 100) +
> +			(OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL * 10));
> +	if (temp_val < 0)
> +		temp_val *= -1;
> +
> +	/* Get rid of scale for internal storage */
> +	val = (val * 100) /
> +			((OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE * 100) +
> +			(OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL * 10));
> +
> +	if (temp_val > (OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE * 100) / 2 && val > 0)
> +		++val;
> +	else if (temp_val > (OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE * 100) / 2 && val
> < 0)
> +		--val;
> +
> +	val = ~val + 1;  /* convert to two's complement */
> +
> +	mutex_lock(&data->update_lock);
> +
> +	data->offset[index] = val;
> +
> +	dev_dbg(dev, "offset[%d]=%d\n", index, data->offset[index]);
> +
> +	/* Write the avlue to the chip via I2C */
> +	i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(client,
> +			ADXL345_REG_OFS(index),
> +			data->offset[index]);
> +
> +	mutex_unlock(&data->update_lock);
> +
> +	return count;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Called in response to cat data in sysfs
> + *
> + * @param dev Pointer to device
> + * @param attr Pointer to the device attributes
> + * @param buf Pointer to string shown in user space
> + * @return Number of chars copied to buffer
> +*/
> +static ssize_t show_data(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute
> *attr,
> +				char *buf)
> +{
> +	int i;
> +	s16 temp_data;
> +	int decimal[NUMBER_OF_AXES], fraction[NUMBER_OF_AXES];
> +
> +	struct adxl345_data *data = adxl345_update_device(dev);
> +
> +	/* Convert x,y,z values */
> +	for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_AXES; i++) {
> +		/* Convert from 2's complement */
> +		temp_data = ~(data->data[i] - 1);
> +
> +		convert_to_fraction(temp_data,
> +				DATA_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE,
> +				DATA_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL,
> +				&decimal[i],
> +				&fraction[i]);
> +	}
> +
> +	return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE,
> +			"x:%5d.%1d y:%5d.%1d z:%5d.%1d\n",
> +			decimal[X_AXIS], fraction[X_AXIS],
> +			decimal[Y_AXIS], fraction[Y_AXIS],
> +			decimal[Z_AXIS], fraction[Z_AXIS]);
> +}
> +
> +/*  Attributes of the sysfs entries */
> +static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(ofsx, S_IWUSR | S_IRUGO,
> +				show_offset, set_offset, X_AXIS_ATTR);
> +static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(ofsy, S_IWUSR | S_IRUGO,
> +				show_offset, set_offset, Y_AXIS_ATTR);
> +static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(ofsz, S_IWUSR | S_IRUGO,
> +				show_offset, set_offset, Z_AXIS_ATTR);
> +static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(data, S_IRUGO,
> +				show_data, NULL, DATA_ATTR);
> +
> +static struct attribute *adxl345_attributes[] = {
> +	&sensor_dev_attr_ofsx.dev_attr.attr,
> +	&sensor_dev_attr_ofsy.dev_attr.attr,
> +	&sensor_dev_attr_ofsz.dev_attr.attr,
> +	&sensor_dev_attr_data.dev_attr.attr,
> +	NULL
> +};
> +
> +static const struct attribute_group adxl345_group = {
> +	.attrs = adxl345_attributes,
> +};
> +
> +/*
> + * Initialize the chip
> + *
> + * @param client Pointer to the client structure
> + */
> +static void adxl345_init_client(struct i2c_client *client)
> +{
> +	dev_dbg(&client->dev, "%s\n", __func__);
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Set up the device, No self test, Dont care about SPI or
> +	 * interrupt, 10 bit resoltion, +/- 16g range
> +	 */
> +	i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(client, ADXL345_REG_DATA_FORMAT,
> 0x03);
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Does more than just detection. If detection succeeds, it also
> + * registers the new chip.
> + *
> + * @param adapter Pointer to the adapter
> + * @param address I2C address
> + * @return Zero, upon success
> + */
> +static int adxl345_probe(struct i2c_client *client,
> +				const struct i2c_device_id *id)
> +{
> +	struct adxl345_data *data;
> +	int err = 0;
> +	u8 dev_id;
> +
> +	dev_dbg(&client->dev, "%s\n", __func__);
> +
> +	if (!i2c_check_functionality(client->adapter,
> I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA))
> +		return -ENODEV;
> +
> +	data = kzalloc(sizeof(struct adxl345_data), GFP_KERNEL);
> +	if (!data)
> +		return -ENOMEM;
> +
> +	i2c_set_clientdata(client, data);
> +
> +	#ifdef SIMULATE
> +	dev_id = 0xE5; /* Spoof the Analog Devices device ID */
> +	dev_dbg(&client->dev, "Simulating ADXL345 device\n");
> +	#else
> +	dev_id = i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client, ADXL345_REG_DEV_ID);
> +	#endif
> +
> +	/* If the chip is not from Analog Devices, report an error */
> +	if (dev_id != 0xE5) {
> +		dev_err(&client->dev, "Unsupported chip
> (dev_id=0x%02X)\n",
> +				dev_id);
> +		err = -EINVAL;
> +		goto err_free_mem;
> +	}
> +
> +	dev_info(&client->dev, "chip found, driver version "
> +			DRV_VERSION "\n");
> +
> +	/* We can fill in the remaining client fields */
> +	mutex_init(&data->update_lock);
> +
> +	/* Initialize the ADXL345 chip */
> +	adxl345_init_client(client);
> +
> +	/* Register sysfs hooks */
> +	err = sysfs_create_group(&client->dev.kobj, &adxl345_group);
> +	if (err)
> +		goto err_free_mem;
> +
> +	data->hwmon_dev = hwmon_device_register(&client->dev);
> +	if (IS_ERR(data->hwmon_dev)) {
> +		err = PTR_ERR(data->hwmon_dev);
> +		goto err_remove;
> +	}
> +
> +	return 0;
> +
> +err_remove:
> +	sysfs_remove_group(&client->dev.kobj, &adxl345_group);
> +err_free_mem:
> +	kfree(data);
> +
> +	return err;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Unregister device, remove the sysfs entries, and detach the client
> + * from I2C bus.
> + *
> + * @param client Pointer to the client structure
> + * @return Zero, upon success.
> + */
> +static int adxl345_remove(struct i2c_client *client)
> +{
> +	struct adxl345_data *data = i2c_get_clientdata(client);
> +
> +	hwmon_device_unregister(data->hwmon_dev);
> +	sysfs_remove_group(&client->dev.kobj, &adxl345_group);
> +
> +	i2c_unregister_device(client);
> +
> +	kfree(data);
> +
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Gets the data from the chip.
> + *
> + * @param client Pointer to the device
> + * @return Pointer to structure containing the data
> + */
> +static struct adxl345_data *adxl345_update_device(struct device *dev)
> +{
> +	struct i2c_client *client = to_i2c_client(dev);
> +	struct adxl345_data *data = i2c_get_clientdata(client);
> +	int i;
> +
> +	dev_dbg(dev, "%s\n", __func__);
> +
> +	mutex_lock(&data->update_lock);
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * This delay is 500ms, based on a default value of 100 for HZ
> +	 * in ARM kernels
> +	 */
> +	if (time_after(jiffies, data->last_updated + HZ * 50) ||
> +		!data->valid) {
> +		for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_AXES; i++) {
> +			data->offset[i] =
> i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client,
> +						ADXL345_REG_OFS(i));
> +			dev_dbg(dev, "offset[%d]=%d\n", i,
> data->offset[i]);
> +		}
> +
> +		/*
> +		 * Concatenate the data from each register pair
> +		 * Indexing logic is needed as per ADXL345 spec, LSB is
> first
> +		 * INDEX(reg)  LSB  MSB
> +		 *     0        0    1
> +		 *     1        2    3
> +		 *     2        4    5
> +		 */
> +		for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_AXES; i++) {
> +			/* Get the MSB, shift by 8, and then get the LSB
> */
> +			data->data[i] = i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client,
> +						ADXL345_REG_DATA(i*2+1))
> << 8;
> +			data->data[i] |=
> i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client,
> +						ADXL345_REG_DATA(i*2));
> +
> +			dev_dbg(dev, "data[%d]=%d\n", i, data->data[i]);
> +		}
> +
> +		data->last_updated = jiffies;
> +		data->valid = 1;
> +	}
> +
> +	mutex_unlock(&data->update_lock);
> +
> +	return data;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Driver data (common to all clients)
> + */
> +
> +static const struct i2c_device_id adxl345_id[] = {
> +	{ "adxl345", 0 },
> +	{ }
> +};
> +MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(i2c, adxl345_id);
> +
> +static struct i2c_driver adxl345_driver = {
> +	.driver = {
> +		.name	= DRV_NAME,
> +	},
> +	.probe		= adxl345_probe,
> +	.remove		= adxl345_remove,
> +	.id_table	= adxl345_id,
> +};
> +
> +/*
> + * Initialize the module
> + *
> + * @return Zero, upon success
> + */
> +static int __init adxl345_init(void)
> +{
> +	return i2c_add_driver(&adxl345_driver);
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Remove the module
> + */
> +static void __exit adxl345_exit(void)
> +{
> +	i2c_del_driver(&adxl345_driver);
> +}
> +
> +MODULE_AUTHOR("Robert Mehranfar <robertme@earthlink.net>");
> +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Analog Devices ADXL345 driver");
> +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
> +MODULE_VERSION(DRV_VERSION);
> +
> +module_init(adxl345_init);
> +module_exit(adxl345_exit);
> 
> 
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> 
> _______________________________________________
> lm-sensors mailing list
> lm-sensors@lm-sensors.org
> http://lists.lm-sensors.org/mailman/listinfo/lm-sensors

RE: [lm-sensors] [PATCH] adxl345 accelerometer hwmon driver

[Chris Verges]

Hi Jonathan,

Thanks for the response!

> Just for reference this chip is definitely on my list of ones to
support
> via the Industrial I/O (iio) framework, I just haven't managed to get
hold
> of one as yet!

If you need a sample set, let me know off the mailing list.  I may be
able
to ship a couple to you ... need to check our available stock.  I think
ours are BGAs, in case you have the intention of soldering by hand.  :-)

> What are you actually doing with it?  If you aren't doing hardware
> monitoring then I would expect you aren't going to receive a
favourable
> response on here.

The ADXL345 is a 3D accelerometer.  It's very similar to the following
chips already in the HWMON section of the kernel:

   - SENSORS_LIS3LV02D
   - SENSORS_APPLESMC

The driver provides 3D axis data when the user polls the chip via the
sysfs
interface.

The ADXL345 has the additional capability of being a "tap-touch"
detector --
almost like an input device, if you will -- but this driver doesn't
expose
that functionality.  Maybe in the future.

> I'll take a look at the actual code tomorrow.  Always good to see
another
> accelerometer driver.

Thanks!  Looking forward to the feedback.

Chris

Re: [PATCH] adxl345 accelerometer hwmon driver

[Jean Delvare]

On Wed, 1 Jul 2009 12:19:02 -0700, Chris Verges wrote:
> > What are you actually doing with it?  If you aren't doing hardware
> > monitoring then I would expect you aren't going to receive a
> > favourable response on here.
> 
> The ADXL345 is a 3D accelerometer.  It's very similar to the following
> chips already in the HWMON section of the kernel:
> 
>    - SENSORS_LIS3LV02D
>    - SENSORS_APPLESMC
> 
> The driver provides 3D axis data when the user polls the chip via the
> sysfsinterface.

A few accelerometer drivers were originally added to drivers/hwmon
because the chips also included some hwmon features (e.g. temperature
sensor.) Now every new accelerometer driver gets dropped in
drivers/hwmon "because there are other accelerometer drivers there".
The LIS3LV02D driver is a perfect example of this... the device is not
even registered as a hwmon driver! This driver definitely doesn't
belong there.

Probably it's about time to put an end to this and kick all
accelerometer drivers out of drivers/hwmon.

-- 
Jean Delvare

RE: [PATCH] adxl345 accelerometer hwmon driver

[Chris Verges]

> Probably it's about time to put an end to this and kick all
> accelerometer drivers out of drivers/hwmon.

Hi Jean,

This actually makes a lot of sense.  The remaining question is,
"To where do we kick them?"

After reading Jonathan's iio.pdf, I'm all on-board with the
adxl345 driver being placed in this new subsystem.  However,
IIO subsystem isn't released into the "vanilla" kernel yet.

Until the IIO subsystem is finished and I can port the driver
into it, what's the appropriate place for the adxl345 to
reside?  misc?  A new directory?

Chris

P.S. All references to hwmon will be removed, and the
programmer who added them in will be flogged.  :-) Thanks for
pointing that out!

Re: [PATCH] adxl345 accelerometer hwmon driver

[Jean Delvare]

Hi Chris,

On Wed, 1 Jul 2009 13:52:28 -0700, Chris Verges wrote:
> > Probably it's about time to put an end to this and kick all
> > accelerometer drivers out of drivers/hwmon.
> 
> Hi Jean,
> 
> This actually makes a lot of sense.  The remaining question is,
> "To where do we kick them?"
> 
> After reading Jonathan's iio.pdf, I'm all on-board with the
> adxl345 driver being placed in this new subsystem.  However,
> IIO subsystem isn't released into the "vanilla" kernel yet.
> 
> Until the IIO subsystem is finished and I can port the driver
> into it, what's the appropriate place for the adxl345 to
> reside?  misc?  A new directory?

This is a very valid question, and the current situation probably is
the result of it not having a simple answer.

We could create drivers/accelerometer and move the drivers there for
the time being. Or we can move them to drivers/misc until iio is
merged. Honestly, it would be great if iio could be finally merged, it
would help driver authors get their driver in good shape and in the
right place right away. But I know Jonathan is busy and I can't blame
him if things take time.

All in all, I don't really care where the drivers go, as long as it's
not in drivers/hwmon. So the choice is probably better left to the
authors of the accelerometer drivers. Once one driver is moved, the
rest will have to follow.

-- 
Jean Delvare

Re: [PATCH] adxl345 accelerometer hwmon driver

[Jonathan Cameron]

Jean Delvare wrote:
> Hi Chris,
> 
> On Wed, 1 Jul 2009 13:52:28 -0700, Chris Verges wrote:
>>> Probably it's about time to put an end to this and kick all
>>> accelerometer drivers out of drivers/hwmon.
>> Hi Jean,
>>
>> This actually makes a lot of sense.  The remaining question is,
>> "To where do we kick them?"
>>
>> After reading Jonathan's iio.pdf, I'm all on-board with the
>> adxl345 driver being placed in this new subsystem.  However,
>> IIO subsystem isn't released into the "vanilla" kernel yet.
>>
>> Until the IIO subsystem is finished and I can port the driver
>> into it, what's the appropriate place for the adxl345 to
>> reside?  misc?  A new directory?
> 
> This is a very valid question, and the current situation probably is
> the result of it not having a simple answer.
> 
> We could create drivers/accelerometer and move the drivers there for
> the time being. Or we can move them to drivers/misc until iio is
> merged. Honestly, it would be great if iio could be finally merged, it
> would help driver authors get their driver in good shape and in the
> right place right away. But I know Jonathan is busy and I can't blame
> him if things take time.
Just for info, the latest version went to lkml about a minute ago. So now
it's over to other people finding the time to review / comment. (and me
to reply / implement their suggestions).

Thanks,

Jonathan

Re: [PATCH] adxl345 accelerometer hwmon driver

[Éric Piel]

[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 905 bytes --]

Op 01-07-09 22:13, Jean Delvare schreef:
> A few accelerometer drivers were originally added to drivers/hwmon
> because the chips also included some hwmon features (e.g. temperature
> sensor.) Now every new accelerometer driver gets dropped in
> drivers/hwmon "because there are other accelerometer drivers there".
> The LIS3LV02D driver is a perfect example of this... the device is not
> even registered as a hwmon driver! This driver definitely doesn't
> belong there.
> 
> Probably it's about time to put an end to this and kick all
> accelerometer drivers out of drivers/hwmon.
(I'm the maintainer of LIS3LV02D)
I completely agree with you, accelerometer drivers do not belong to
hwmon. Unfortunately, so far there has not been any landing place which
looked really more relevant. As soon as such a thing is available (maybe
an "accelerometer" subsystem) I'll be happy to move the driver :-)

Eric



[-- Attachment #2: E_A_B_Piel.vcf --]
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adr:HB 08.080;;Mekelweg 4;Delft;;2628 CD;The Netherlands
email;internet:E.A.B.Piel@tudelft.nl
tel;work:+31 15 278 6338
tel;cell:+31 6 2437 9135
x-mozilla-html:FALSE
url:http://pieleric.free.fr
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end:vcard

Re: [lm-sensors] [PATCH] adxl345 accelerometer hwmon driver

[Jean Delvare]

On Wed, 01 Jul 2009 19:10:35 +0000, Jonathan Cameron wrote:
> 
> > Hi kernel hackers,
> > 
> > Here is a patch that adds support to the Linux kernel for Analog
> > Device's ADXL345 chip.  It is an accelerometer that uses I2C and HWMON.
> > When I looked into the MAINTAINERS file for the appropriate list, the
> > "Orphan" status of "Hardware Monitoring" confused me as to the proper
> > list for this patch ... please let me know if I need to forward it
> > elsewhere.
> Hi Chris,
> 
> Just for reference this chip is definitely on my list of ones to support
> via the Industrial I/O (iio) framework, I just haven't managed to get hold
> of one as yet!  It's particualrly interesting to me because of the fifo
> buffering functionality as currently I only have access to a VTI chip
> that does something similar.
> 
> A new version of the IIO framework will get posted just
> as soon as I've had a few mins to bring the documentation / demo userspace
> apps up to date with the current code state.
> I've been chasing down bugs for the last week.
> 
> First big question is:
> 
> What are you actually doing with it?  If you aren't doing hardware
> monitoring then I would expect you aren't going to receive a favourable
> response on here.

Absolutely correct. Chris' driver doesn't implement any attribute
listed in Documentation/hwmon/sysfs-interface. The device registers as
a hwmon device for no good reason I can think of, and the driver
includes hwmon headers it doesn't make any use of. So to me it doesn't
look like a good candidate for drivers/hwmon. Chris, I suggest that you
remove all references to hwmon from your driver, and resubmit it to a
different subsystem (iio, misc, input, whatever.)

> (see the original IIO discussion on LKML for why I
> started writing that in the first place.
> http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/5/20/135)
> It's somewhat out of date and incomplete, but there is a white paper draft at
> http://www-sigproc.eng.cam.ac.uk/~jic23/iio.pdf
> 
> I'll take a look at the actual code tomorrow.  Always good to see another
> accelerometer driver.

-- 
Jean Delvare

Re: [lm-sensors] [PATCH] adxl345 accelerometer hwmon driver

[Jonathan Cameron]

Hi Chris,

One interesting thing I just came across whilst searching lkml for
your post to reply to, was that Mike Frysinger submited a patch
adding some board support for an adx34x driver to bf548-ezkit.
I've not seen any sign of this anywhere else as yet (it hasn't
hit the input list which would be the obvious place) I've copied in
both people who signed off.  Michael or Mike able to give us more info?

Anyhow over to a review.

I'll (more or less) ignore anything related to use of hwmon etc and
concentrate on the bits that will be there whatever.

> 
> 
> --- PATCH BELOW ---
> 
> Signed-off-by: Chris Verges <chrisv@cyberswitching.com>
> Index: drivers/hwmon/Makefile
> ===================================================================
> --- linux-2.6.29.3-orig/drivers/hwmon/Makefile	(revision 33)
> +++ linux-2.6.29.3/drivers/hwmon/Makefile	(revision 49)
> @@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
>  obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_ADT7470)	+= adt7470.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_ADT7473)	+= adt7473.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_ADT7475)	+= adt7475.o
> +obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_ADXL345)	+= adxl345.o
>  
>  obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_APPLESMC)	+= applesmc.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_AMS)	+= ams/
> Index: drivers/hwmon/Kconfig
> ===================================================================
> --- linux-2.6.29.3-orig/drivers/hwmon/Kconfig	(revision 33)
> +++ linux-2.6.29.3/drivers/hwmon/Kconfig	(revision 49)
> @@ -199,6 +199,16 @@
>  	  This driver can also be build as a module.  If so, the module
>  	  will be called adt7475.
>  
> +config SENSORS_ADXL345
> +	tristate "Analog Devices ADXL345"
> +	depends on I2C && EXPERIMENTAL
> +	help
> +	  If you say yes here, you get support for the Analog Devices
> +	  ADXL345 digital accelerometer chip.
> +
> +	  This driver can also be build as a module.  If so, the module
> +	  will be called adxl345.
> +

First question is whether it's worth adding support for the very
similar adxl346 at this stage, or leave it for a future occasion? As
far as I can immediately see the only difference is that the adxl346
has a couple more registers to do with orientation detection (complete
with deadzones etc) Annoyingly the two chips have the same id so
you can't tell them appart which is rather annoying!

>  config SENSORS_K8TEMP
>  	tristate "AMD Athlon64/FX or Opteron temperature sensor"
>  	depends on X86 && PCI && EXPERIMENTAL
> Index: drivers/hwmon/adxl345.c
> ===================================================================
> --- linux-2.6.29.3-orig/drivers/hwmon/adxl345.c	(revision 0)
> +++ linux-2.6.29.3/drivers/hwmon/adxl345.c	(revision 49)
> @@ -0,0 +1,521 @@
> +/*
> + * A hwmon driver for the Analog Devices ADXL345
> + *
> + * Copyright (c) 2009 Cyber Switching, Inc.
> + * Author: Robert Mehranfar <robertme@earthlink.net>
> + *
> + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
> + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
> + * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
> + * (at your option) any later version.
> + *
> + * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
> + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
> + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
> + * GNU General Public License for more details.
> + *
> + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
> + * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
> + * Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
> + */
> +
> +#include <linux/module.h>
> +#include <linux/init.h>
> +#include <linux/slab.h>
> +#include <linux/jiffies.h>
> +#include <linux/i2c.h>
> +#include <linux/hwmon.h>
> +#include <linux/hwmon-sysfs.h>
> +#include <linux/hwmon-vid.h>
> +#include <linux/err.h>
> +#include <linux/mutex.h>
> +#include <linux/kernel.h>
> +
> +#define DRV_NAME	"adxl345"
> +#define DRV_VERSION	"0.1"
> +
> +#define SIMULATE 1
> +
> +/*
> + * The ADXL345 registers
> + */
> +#define ADXL345_REG_DEV_ID		0x00
> +#define ADXL345_REG_OFS(nr)		(0x1E + (nr))
> +#define ADXL345_REG_DATA(nr)		(0x32 + (nr))
> +#define ADXL345_REG_DATA_FORMAT		0x31
> +
> +/*
> + * See ADXL345 specification

This could do with some explanation, combine to make 15.6 milli g?

> +#define OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE 15
> +#define OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL 6

8 bit register, 15.6mg giving (I think)
127*15.6 or 1981.2 and -128*15.6 = -1996.8 
> +#define MAX_OFFSET 1988
> +#define MIN_OFFSET -1998
> +
> +/*
> + * Based on 10-bit resolution +/-16 range set in the DATA FORMAT
> register
> + */
Where did these come from? If you are in 16g mode at 10 bit
2's complement, your range is -512 to 511 giving 31.25

> +#define DATA_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE 15
> +#define DATA_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL 6
> +#define NUMBER_OF_AXES 3
> +
> +#define X_AXIS 0
> +#define Y_AXIS 1
> +#define Z_AXIS 2
> +
> +/* Position in the sysfs attribute array */
> +#define X_AXIS_ATTR 0
> +#define Y_AXIS_ATTR 1
> +#define Z_AXIS_ATTR 2
> +#define DATA_ATTR 3
> +
> +/*
> + * Functions declaration
> + */
Unnecessary as it's defined before use anyway.
> +static void adxl345_init_client(struct i2c_client *client);
> +static struct adxl345_data *adxl345_update_device(struct device *dev);
Same with this one.
> +static void convert_to_fraction(s16 data, u8 whole_scale, u8
> fraction_scale,
> +					int *decimal, int *fraction);
> +
> +/*
> + * Client data (each client gets its own)
> + */
> +struct adxl345_data {
> +	struct i2c_client	client;
> +	struct device		*hwmon_dev;
> +	struct mutex		update_lock;	/* lock on the structure
> */
> +	char			valid;		/* 0 until below are
> valid */
Doesn't generally make sense to cache accelerometer values but then this
is a legacy of you using hwmon.
> +	unsigned long		last_updated;	/* in jiffies */
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * ADXL345 Data
> +	 * In two's complement, data coming in from or going out to
> user-space
> +	 * must be converted.
> +	 */
> +	u8			offset[NUMBER_OF_AXES];
> +	u16			data[NUMBER_OF_AXES];
> +};
> +
Personally I'm a little dubious about having this sort of conversion
function in kernel.  I'm rather more of the view that its a job for
userspace.  At very least, pick some units that avoid the need to deal
with the decimal element.

 To consider what this is doing - the data going in is...
First things first give the device is giving you 2's comp sign
extended data, why not just make the data field a s16?
> +		temp_data = ~(data->data[i] - 1);

So I'm going to take two possible values of data[i], -10 and +10 (decimal)

With -10  your conversion gives me 10 (so looses the sign);
With 10 this line converts to (in binary 1111111111110110) or 65526?
Oh actually it's signed so you've neatly converted it to -10, not sure
how this helps.

Testing this with full range value 2^9 = 512
> +/*
> + * Converts internal data to a decimal-fraction value.
> + * Notes: Must already be converted out of twos complement
> + *
> + * @param data  Data to be converted
> + * @param whole_scale Scale factor for whole number part. (Set to 1 for
> no scaling).
> + * @param fraction_scale Scale factor for fractional number part. (Set
> to 1 for no scaling).
> + * @param decimal Pointer to location to store decimal part.
> + * @param fraction Pointer to location to store fractional part.
> + */
> +static void convert_to_fraction(s16 data, u8 whole_scale, u8
> fraction_scale,
> +					int *decimal, int *fraction)
> +{
> +	int temp_decimal, temp_fraction, temp;
> +	int sign = 1;
> +
> +	/* Scale the decimal and fractional parts */
	  Corresponds to mulitpying by 1500 so 768000
> +	temp_decimal = data * whole_scale * 10;
Corresponds to multiplying by 6 so 312
> +	temp_fraction = data * fraction_scale;
> +
> +	/* get rid of the sign for negative fractions */
> +	if (temp_fraction < 0) {
> +		sign = -1;
> +		temp_fraction *= sign;
> +	}
> +
> +	/* If necessary, carry */
> +	if (temp_fraction >= 10) {
	true as 312 > 10
> +		/* Add to the decimal part */
> +		temp_decimal += sign * temp_fraction;
temp decimal is now 77112
> +
> +		/* Amount to be subtracted from the fractional part */
> +		temp = temp_fraction / 10;
	temp = 31 (rounded)
> +
> +		temp_fraction -= temp * 10;
281
> +	}
> +
> +	temp_decimal /= 10;
7711
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * If at least 10 still remains in the fractional part, one
> +	 * last carry
> +	 */
> +	if (temp_fraction >= 10) {
	true as it's 281
> +		temp_decimal += sign;
ok, 7712
> +		temp_fraction -= 10;
tempfraction = 271
> +	}
> +
> +	/* Pass the values up */
> +	*decimal = temp_decimal;
> +	*fraction = temp_fraction;
> +}
So at the end of this by 2^9 (which should be something related to 16 g)
will print 7712.271 which is probably not what you meant.
> +
> +/*
> + * Called in response to cat ofs(x,y,z) in sysfs
> + *
> + * @param dev Pointer to device
> + * @param attr Pointer to the device attributes
> + * @param buf Pointer to string shown in user space
> + * @return Number of chars copied to buffer
> +*/
Definitely doesn't make sense to query offsets with every
'update' they don't change after all.  Make it separate
read on demand.

> +static ssize_t show_offset(struct device *dev,
> +				struct device_attribute *attr,
> +				char *buf)
> +{
> +	int index = to_sensor_dev_attr(attr)->index;
> +	struct adxl345_data *data = adxl345_update_device(dev);
> +	int decimal, fraction;
> +	s8 temp_data;
> +
> +	dev_dbg(dev, "%s\n", __func__);
> +
> +	/* Convert from 2's complement */
Here we go again.  What do you have against 2's complement?
It's the standard way of storing signed values.

> +	temp_data = ~(data->offset[index] - 1);
> +
> +	dev_dbg(dev, "temp_data=%d\n", temp_data);
> +
> +	convert_to_fraction(temp_data,
> +			OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE,
> +			OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL,
> +			&decimal,
> +			&fraction);
> +
> +	return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE,
> +			"%4d.%1d\n", decimal, fraction);
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Called in response to echoing data to ofs(x,y,z) in sysfs
> + * Note: Input range is -1998 to 1998 milli-g's
(more or less)
> + *
> + * @param dev Pointer to device
> + * @param attr Pointer to the device attributes
> + * @param buf Pointer to string passed in from user space
> + * @param count Number of chars passed in from user space..
> + * @return Number of chars passed in from user space.
> + */
> +static ssize_t set_offset(struct device *dev,
> +				struct device_attribute *attr,
> +				const char *buf,
> +				size_t count)
> +{
> +	int index = to_sensor_dev_attr(attr)->index;
> +	struct i2c_client *client = to_i2c_client(dev);
> +	struct adxl345_data *data = i2c_get_clientdata(client);
> +	long val;
> +	long temp_val;
> +
> +	dev_dbg(dev, "%s\n", __func__);
> +
> +	if (!strict_strtol(buf, 10, &val)) {
> +		dev_dbg(dev, "error in converting string '%s' to
> long\n",
> +				buf);
> +		return 0;
> +	}
> +
> +	/* If outside offset range, clip to max or min value */
> +	if (val < MIN_OFFSET)
> +		val = MIN_OFFSET;
> +	else if (val > MAX_OFFSET)
> +		val = MAX_OFFSET;
> +
> +	temp_val = (val * 100) %
> +			((OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE * 100) +
> +			(OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL * 10));
so take max 19800 % 1560 = 1080
> +	if (temp_val < 0)
> +		temp_val *= -1;
> +
> +	/* Get rid of scale for internal storage */
This just equals the temp val above (without sign remova)?
> +	val = (val * 100) /
> +			((OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE * 100) +
> +			(OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL * 10));
> +
> +	if (temp_val > (OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE * 100) / 2 && val > 0)
> +		++val;
> +	else if (temp_val > (OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE * 100) / 2 && val
> < 0)
> +		--val;
> +
> +	val = ~val + 1;  /* convert to two's complement */
That's merely flipping the sign in 2's complement.

> +
> +	mutex_lock(&data->update_lock);
> +
> +	data->offset[index] = val;
> +
> +	dev_dbg(dev, "offset[%d]=%d\n", index, data->offset[index]);

I'd prefer to see these functions encapsulated in a 'adxl345_write'
function to make adding spi support at a later date simpler.
However, fine to leave as is for now as it makes driver simpler.

> +	/* Write the avlue to the chip via I2C */
> +	i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(client,
> +			ADXL345_REG_OFS(index),
> +			data->offset[index]);
> +
> +	mutex_unlock(&data->update_lock);
> +
> +	return count;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Called in response to cat data in sysfs
> + *
> + * @param dev Pointer to device
> + * @param attr Pointer to the device attributes
> + * @param buf Pointer to string shown in user space
> + * @return Number of chars copied to buffer
> +*/
> +static ssize_t show_data(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute
> *attr,
> +				char *buf)
> +{
> +	int i;
> +	s16 temp_data;
> +	int decimal[NUMBER_OF_AXES], fraction[NUMBER_OF_AXES];
> +
> +	struct adxl345_data *data = adxl345_update_device(dev);
> +
> +	/* Convert x,y,z values */
> +	for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_AXES; i++) {
Don't follow this at all.
> +		/* Convert from 2's complement */
> +		temp_data = ~(data->data[i] - 1);
> +
> +		convert_to_fraction(temp_data,
> +				DATA_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE,
> +				DATA_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL,
> +				&decimal[i],
> +				&fraction[i]);
> +	}
> +
> +	return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE,
> +			"x:%5d.%1d y:%5d.%1d z:%5d.%1d\n",
> +			decimal[X_AXIS], fraction[X_AXIS],
> +			decimal[Y_AXIS], fraction[Y_AXIS],
> +			decimal[Z_AXIS], fraction[Z_AXIS]);
> +}
I'd go for names that hint a little more at what these are,
perhaps accel_x_offset etc...
> +/*  Attributes of the sysfs entries */
> +static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(ofsx, S_IWUSR | S_IRUGO,
> +				show_offset, set_offset, X_AXIS_ATTR);
> +static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(ofsy, S_IWUSR | S_IRUGO,
> +				show_offset, set_offset, Y_AXIS_ATTR);
> +static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(ofsz, S_IWUSR | S_IRUGO,
> +				show_offset, set_offset, Z_AXIS_ATTR);
> +static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(data, S_IRUGO,
> +				show_data, NULL, DATA_ATTR);
> +
> +static struct attribute *adxl345_attributes[] = {
> +	&sensor_dev_attr_ofsx.dev_attr.attr,
> +	&sensor_dev_attr_ofsy.dev_attr.attr,
> +	&sensor_dev_attr_ofsz.dev_attr.attr,
> +	&sensor_dev_attr_data.dev_attr.attr,
> +	NULL
> +};
> +
> +static const struct attribute_group adxl345_group = {
> +	.attrs = adxl345_attributes,
> +};
> +
> +/*
> + * Initialize the chip
> + *
> + * @param client Pointer to the client structure
> + */
> +static void adxl345_init_client(struct i2c_client *client)
> +{
> +	dev_dbg(&client->dev, "%s\n", __func__);
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Set up the device, No self test, Dont care about SPI or
> +	 * interrupt, 10 bit resoltion, +/- 16g range
> +	 */
My reading of the data sheet says that to power up the device you
will also need to set the measure bit of 0x2D (power ctl).
If not it'll be in low power mode and you aren't going to be able
to read any values.

> +	i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(client, ADXL345_REG_DATA_FORMAT,
> 0x03);
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Does more than just detection. If detection succeeds, it also
> + * registers the new chip.
> + *
> + * @param adapter Pointer to the adapter
> + * @param address I2C address
> + * @return Zero, upon success
> + */
> +static int adxl345_probe(struct i2c_client *client,
> +				const struct i2c_device_id *id)
> +{
> +	struct adxl345_data *data;
> +	int err = 0;
> +	u8 dev_id;
> +
> +	dev_dbg(&client->dev, "%s\n", __func__);
> +
> +	if (!i2c_check_functionality(client->adapter,
> I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA))
> +		return -ENODEV;

I'd favour using sizeof(*data) but only symantic sugar ;)
> +	data = kzalloc(sizeof(struct adxl345_data), GFP_KERNEL);
> +	if (!data)
> +		return -ENOMEM;
> +
> +	i2c_set_clientdata(client, data);
Obviously this is useful for testing purposes, but do remember
to remove this from later submissions.

> +	#ifdef SIMULATE
> +	dev_id = 0xE5; /* Spoof the Analog Devices device ID */
> +	dev_dbg(&client->dev, "Simulating ADXL345 device\n");
> +	#else
> +	dev_id = i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client, ADXL345_REG_DEV_ID);
> +	#endif
I think read byte data can also return an error (negative) so
check this first and return that rather than -EINVAL if it
does.  Also this is a failure to find a device, so I would
expect the right error code to be -ENODEV. Others may correct
me on that as I'm forever using the wrong ones.

> +	/* If the chip is not from Analog Devices, report an error */
> +	if (dev_id != 0xE5) {
> +		dev_err(&client->dev, "Unsupported chip
> (dev_id=0x%02X)\n",
> +				dev_id);
> +		err = -EINVAL;
> +		goto err_free_mem;
> +	}
> +
> +	dev_info(&client->dev, "chip found, driver version "
> +			DRV_VERSION "\n");
> +
> +	/* We can fill in the remaining client fields */
> +	mutex_init(&data->update_lock);
> +
> +	/* Initialize the ADXL345 chip */
> +	adxl345_init_client(client);
> +
> +	/* Register sysfs hooks */
> +	err = sysfs_create_group(&client->dev.kobj, &adxl345_group);
> +	if (err)
> +		goto err_free_mem;
> +
> +	data->hwmon_dev = hwmon_device_register(&client->dev);
> +	if (IS_ERR(data->hwmon_dev)) {
> +		err = PTR_ERR(data->hwmon_dev);
> +		goto err_remove;
> +	}
> +
> +	return 0;
> +
> +err_remove:
> +	sysfs_remove_group(&client->dev.kobj, &adxl345_group);
> +err_free_mem:
> +	kfree(data);
> +
> +	return err;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Unregister device, remove the sysfs entries, and detach the client
> + * from I2C bus.
> + *
> + * @param client Pointer to the client structure
> + * @return Zero, upon success.
> + */
> +static int adxl345_remove(struct i2c_client *client)
> +{
> +	struct adxl345_data *data = i2c_get_clientdata(client);
> +
> +	hwmon_device_unregister(data->hwmon_dev);
> +	sysfs_remove_group(&client->dev.kobj, &adxl345_group);
> +
> +	i2c_unregister_device(client);
> +
> +	kfree(data);
> +
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Gets the data from the chip.
> + *
> + * @param client Pointer to the device
> + * @return Pointer to structure containing the data
> + */
> +static struct adxl345_data *adxl345_update_device(struct device *dev)
> +{
> +	struct i2c_client *client = to_i2c_client(dev);
> +	struct adxl345_data *data = i2c_get_clientdata(client);
> +	int i;
> +
> +	dev_dbg(dev, "%s\n", __func__);
> +
> +	mutex_lock(&data->update_lock);

This is a bit setup specific. Given it's going to be gone in a non
hwmon driver anyway I won't suggest how else to do it.
> +	/*
> +	 * This delay is 500ms, based on a default value of 100 for HZ
> +	 * in ARM kernels
> +	 */
> +	if (time_after(jiffies, data->last_updated + HZ * 50) ||
> +		!data->valid) {
> +		for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_AXES; i++) {
Offset is (I think) only controlled by the user, so definitely shouldn't be
read each time.
> +			data->offset[i] = i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client,
> +						ADXL345_REG_OFS(i))
Is there any reason not to do a multibyte read?
I guess it requires your i2c adapter to support
i2c_smbus_write_i2c_block_data()


> +			dev_dbg(dev, "offset[%d]=%d\n", i,
> data->offset[i]);
> +		}
> +
> +		/*
> +		 * Concatenate the data from each register pair
> +		 * Indexing logic is needed as per ADXL345 spec, LSB is
> first
> +		 * INDEX(reg)  LSB  MSB
> +		 *     0        0    1
> +		 *     1        2    3
> +		 *     2        4    5
> +		 */
> +		for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_AXES; i++) {
> +			/* Get the MSB, shift by 8, and then get the LSB
> */
> +			data->data[i] = i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client,
> +						ADXL345_REG_DATA(i*2+1))
> << 8;
> +			data->data[i] |=
> i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client,
> +						ADXL345_REG_DATA(i*2));

Here you could use a word read, or the multi register read described
above.  If fact the word read at the very least is needed to ensure
you get a consistent set of high and low bytes for a given
axis. (otherwise very odd things may occur around 0.

There is a reference on page 8 of the data sheet that says:

After the register addressing and the first byte of data, each
subsequent set of clock pulses (eight clock pulses) causes the ADXL345
to point to the next register for a read or write. This shifting
continues until the clock pulses cease and Figure 5Figure 7CS is
deasserted. This is in the spi section, but my guess is that
it will also do this for i2c? It certainly shows a diagram implying
word reading is fine over i2c.

> +
> +			dev_dbg(dev, "data[%d]=%d\n", i, data->data[i]);
> +		}
> +
> +		data->last_updated = jiffies;
> +		data->valid = 1;
> +	}
> +
> +	mutex_unlock(&data->update_lock);
> +
> +	return data;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Driver data (common to all clients)
> + */
> +
> +static const struct i2c_device_id adxl345_id[] = {
> +	{ "adxl345", 0 },
> +	{ }
> +};
> +MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(i2c, adxl345_id);
> +
> +static struct i2c_driver adxl345_driver = {
> +	.driver = {
> +		.name	= DRV_NAME,
> +	},
> +	.probe		= adxl345_probe,
> +	.remove		= adxl345_remove,
> +	.id_table	= adxl345_id,
> +};
> +
> +/*
> + * Initialize the module
> + *
> + * @return Zero, upon success
> + */
> +static int __init adxl345_init(void)
> +{
> +	return i2c_add_driver(&adxl345_driver);
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Remove the module
> + */
> +static void __exit adxl345_exit(void)
> +{
> +	i2c_del_driver(&adxl345_driver);
> +}
> +
> +MODULE_AUTHOR("Robert Mehranfar <robertme@earthlink.net>");
> +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Analog Devices ADXL345 driver");
> +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
> +MODULE_VERSION(DRV_VERSION);
> +
> +module_init(adxl345_init);
> +module_exit(adxl345_exit);

Reasonable start at a driver, though I definitely didn't follow some
of the conversion code you have in there.  I'm very much be of
the view that shouldn't be in the kernel at all. (This is
a personal preference and others think differently!)

My intention with IIO (though I haven't actually done it yet) is
to work out the minimum set of parameters that need to be passed
out via sysfs to allow conversion of whatever is directly
read to sensible units.  In this case you'd merely export
the conversion factor under some suitably informative name.
Floating point support in userspace then makes life nice and
easy!

Anyhow always good to see more accelerometer drivers!

Thanks

Jonathan

Re: [lm-sensors] [PATCH] adxl345 accelerometer hwmon driver

[Mike Frysinger]

On Thu, Jul 2, 2009 at 13:38, Jonathan Cameron wrote:
> One interesting thing I just came across whilst searching lkml for
> your post to reply to, was that Mike Frysinger submited a patch
> adding some board support for an adx34x driver to bf548-ezkit.
> I've not seen any sign of this anywhere else as yet (it hasn't
> hit the input list which would be the obvious place) I've copied in
> both people who signed off.  Michael or Mike able to give us more info?

that's because we're still in the process of making sure it is stable.
 I2C is a pita to work with.
http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/vapier/blackfin.git;a=commitdiff;h=43d4cabbdeb5c24f84b159c5dc369c1a60844a48

the advantage here is that we have been testing our driver with actual
hardware ...
-mike

Re: [lm-sensors] [PATCH] adxl345 accelerometer hwmon driver

[Jonathan Cameron]

Mike Frysinger wrote:
> On Thu, Jul 2, 2009 at 13:38, Jonathan Cameron wrote:
>   
>> One interesting thing I just came across whilst searching lkml for
>> your post to reply to, was that Mike Frysinger submited a patch
>> adding some board support for an adx34x driver to bf548-ezkit.
>> I've not seen any sign of this anywhere else as yet (it hasn't
>> hit the input list which would be the obvious place) I've copied in
>> both people who signed off.  Michael or Mike able to give us more info?
>>     
>
> that's because we're still in the process of making sure it is stable.
>  I2C is a pita to work with.
> http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/vapier/blackfin.git;a=commitdiff;h=43d4cabbdeb5c24f84b159c5dc369c1a60844a48
>
> the advantage here is that we have been testing our driver with actual
> hardware ...
>   
Cheat ;)

Looks like a nice driver, see what you mean about the i2c fun and games
you are having
though.
I'm particularly interested in your use of the fifo:

I've only had a quick look, but assuming I read it right, you are using
the fifo
with a watermark of 0 then spitting out 3 separate events for every
element in it.
Basically a data ready response unless you fail to read in time. Seems
like a sensible
approach with this particular chip in input type applications.

Does this work well even at the higher rates?  Seems a fair bit of
overhead but I guess
if everything is quick enough it doesn't really matter. Does this act as
a clean means
of ensuring you get a consistent set of values?

Thanks,

Jonathan

RE: [lm-sensors] [PATCH] adxl345 accelerometer hwmon driver

[Hennerich, Michael]

>From: J.I. Cameron [mailto:jic23@hermes.cam.ac.uk] On Behalf Of
Jonathan Cameron
>Mike Frysinger wrote:
>> On Thu, Jul 2, 2009 at 13:38, Jonathan Cameron wrote:
>>
>>> One interesting thing I just came across whilst searching lkml for
>>> your post to reply to, was that Mike Frysinger submited a patch
>>> adding some board support for an adx34x driver to bf548-ezkit.
>>> I've not seen any sign of this anywhere else as yet (it hasn't
>>> hit the input list which would be the obvious place) I've copied in
>>> both people who signed off.  Michael or Mike able to give us more
info?
>>>
>>
>> that's because we're still in the process of making sure it is
stable.
>>  I2C is a pita to work with.
>>
>http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/vapier/blackfin.git;a=commitd
iff;h=43d4cabbdeb5c24f84b159c5
>dc369c1a60844a48
>>
>> the advantage here is that we have been testing our driver with
actual
>> hardware ...
>>
>Cheat ;)
>
>Looks like a nice driver, see what you mean about the i2c fun and games
>you are having
>though.
>I'm particularly interested in your use of the fifo:
>
>I've only had a quick look, but assuming I read it right, you are using
>the fifo
>with a watermark of 0 then spitting out 3 separate events for every
>element in it.
>Basically a data ready response unless you fail to read in time. Seems
>like a sensible
>approach with this particular chip in input type applications.

We fully use the FIFO - the link Mike sent around was the initial
checkin.
After that I fixes some bugs and added functionality.
BTW I also implemented the Watermark feature.

http://docs.blackfin.uclinux.org/doku.php?id=linux-kernel:drivers:adxl34
x


>
>Does this work well even at the higher rates?  Seems a fair bit of
>overhead but I guess
>if everything is quick enough it doesn't really matter. Does this act
as
>a clean means
>of ensuring you get a consistent set of values?

It works pretty well - the driver supports both SPI and I2C interface.
With SPI it's no problem to even use the 3200HZ sample rate.

See the comments in our documentation page.
400kHz I2C clock is the limiting factor when using the I2C interface.


Best regards,
Michael

>
>Thanks,
>
>Jonathan

Re: [lm-sensors] [PATCH] adxl345 accelerometer hwmon driver

[Mike Frysinger]

On Thu, Jul 2, 2009 at 14:12, Hennerich, Michael wrote:
>From: J.I. Cameron [mailto:jic23@hermes.cam.ac.uk] On Behalf Of
>> Looks like a nice driver, see what you mean about the i2c fun and games
>> you are having though.
>> I'm particularly interested in your use of the fifo:
>>
>>I've only had a quick look, but assuming I read it right, you are using
>>the fifo
>>with a watermark of 0 then spitting out 3 separate events for every
>>element in it.
>>Basically a data ready response unless you fail to read in time. Seems
>>like a sensible
>>approach with this particular chip in input type applications.
>
> We fully use the FIFO - the link Mike sent around was the initial
> checkin.
> After that I fixes some bugs and added functionality.
> BTW I also implemented the Watermark feature.

nah, that link i posted is everything.  the kernel.org repo has
cleaned up / squashed changes.  so all the little pieces in our
personal repo have been put together to form the one changeset on
kernel.org.

ive been emptying my other subsystem queues and havent gotten around
to input/hwmon/fb yet.  i'll start up a thread on our list to see what
people are happy with submitting.
-mike

RE: [lm-sensors] [PATCH] adxl345 accelerometer hwmon driver

[Hennerich, Michael]

>From: Mike Frysinger [mailto:vapier.adi@gmail.com]
>On Thu, Jul 2, 2009 at 13:38, Jonathan Cameron wrote:
>> One interesting thing I just came across whilst searching lkml for
>> your post to reply to, was that Mike Frysinger submited a patch
>> adding some board support for an adx34x driver to bf548-ezkit.
>> I've not seen any sign of this anywhere else as yet (it hasn't
>> hit the input list which would be the obvious place) I've copied in
>> both people who signed off.  Michael or Mike able to give us more info?
>
>that's because we're still in the process of making sure it is stable.
> I2C is a pita to work with.
>http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/vapier/blackfin.git;a=commitdiff;h=43d4cabbdeb5c24f84b159c5
>dc369c1a60844a48
>
>the advantage here is that we have been testing our driver with actual
>hardware ...
>-mike

Funny - we've been both working on a driver for the same device.
The driver is stable and from my side ready to send upstream.

Documentation can be found here:

http://docs.blackfin.uclinux.org/doku.php?id=linux-kernel:drivers:adxl34x


However we target driver/input since we targeted it for HID and gaming devices.

Best regards,
Michael

Re: [PATCH] adxl345 accelerometer hwmon driver

[XingChao Wang]

2009/7/2 Chris Verges <chrisv@cyberswitching.com>
>
> Hi kernel hackers,
>
> Here is a patch that adds support to the Linux kernel for Analog
> Device's ADXL345 chip.  It is an accelerometer that uses I2C and HWMON.
> When I looked into the MAINTAINERS file for the appropriate list, the
> "Orphan" status of "Hardware Monitoring" confused me as to the proper
> list for this patch ... please let me know if I need to forward it
> elsewhere.
>
> ALPHA Warning: THIS CODE COMPILES WITHOUT ERROR, BUT HAS NOT BEEN TESTED
> YET.
>
> I'd appreciate feedback from those who have the time/interest to help!
> Code review would be great, someone with hardware for testing would be
> excellent.
>
> Thanks,
> Chris
>
>
> --- PATCH BELOW ---
>
> Signed-off-by: Chris Verges <chrisv@cyberswitching.com>
> Index: drivers/hwmon/Makefile
> ===================================================================
> --- linux-2.6.29.3-orig/drivers/hwmon/Makefile  (revision 33)
> +++ linux-2.6.29.3/drivers/hwmon/Makefile       (revision 49)
> @@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
>  obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_ADT7470)  += adt7470.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_ADT7473)  += adt7473.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_ADT7475)  += adt7475.o
> +obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_ADXL345)  += adxl345.o
>
>  obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_APPLESMC) += applesmc.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_AMS)      += ams/
> Index: drivers/hwmon/Kconfig
> ===================================================================
> --- linux-2.6.29.3-orig/drivers/hwmon/Kconfig   (revision 33)
> +++ linux-2.6.29.3/drivers/hwmon/Kconfig        (revision 49)
> @@ -199,6 +199,16 @@
>          This driver can also be build as a module.  If so, the module
>          will be called adt7475.
>
> +config SENSORS_ADXL345
> +       tristate "Analog Devices ADXL345"
> +       depends on I2C && EXPERIMENTAL
> +       help
> +         If you say yes here, you get support for the Analog Devices
> +         ADXL345 digital accelerometer chip.
> +
> +         This driver can also be build as a module.  If so, the module
> +         will be called adxl345.
> +
>  config SENSORS_K8TEMP
>        tristate "AMD Athlon64/FX or Opteron temperature sensor"
>        depends on X86 && PCI && EXPERIMENTAL
> Index: drivers/hwmon/adxl345.c
> ===================================================================
> --- linux-2.6.29.3-orig/drivers/hwmon/adxl345.c (revision 0)
> +++ linux-2.6.29.3/drivers/hwmon/adxl345.c      (revision 49)
> @@ -0,0 +1,521 @@
> +/*
> + * A hwmon driver for the Analog Devices ADXL345
> + *
> + * Copyright (c) 2009 Cyber Switching, Inc.
> + * Author: Robert Mehranfar <robertme@earthlink.net>
> + *
> + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
> + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
> + * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
> + * (at your option) any later version.
> + *
> + * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
> + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
> + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
> + * GNU General Public License for more details.
> + *
> + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
> + * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
> + * Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
> + */
> +
> +#include <linux/module.h>
> +#include <linux/init.h>
> +#include <linux/slab.h>
> +#include <linux/jiffies.h>
> +#include <linux/i2c.h>
> +#include <linux/hwmon.h>
> +#include <linux/hwmon-sysfs.h>
> +#include <linux/hwmon-vid.h>
> +#include <linux/err.h>
> +#include <linux/mutex.h>
> +#include <linux/kernel.h>
> +
> +#define DRV_NAME       "adxl345"
> +#define DRV_VERSION    "0.1"
> +
> +#define SIMULATE 1
> +
> +/*
> + * The ADXL345 registers
> + */
> +#define ADXL345_REG_DEV_ID             0x00
> +#define ADXL345_REG_OFS(nr)            (0x1E + (nr))
> +#define ADXL345_REG_DATA(nr)           (0x32 + (nr))
> +#define ADXL345_REG_DATA_FORMAT                0x31
> +
> +/*
> + * See ADXL345 specification
> + */
> +#define OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE 15
> +#define OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL 6
> +
> +#define MAX_OFFSET 1988
> +#define MIN_OFFSET -1998
> +
> +/*
> + * Based on 10-bit resolution +/-16 range set in the DATA FORMAT
> register
> + */
> +#define DATA_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE 15
> +#define DATA_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL 6
> +#define NUMBER_OF_AXES 3
> +
> +#define X_AXIS 0
> +#define Y_AXIS 1
> +#define Z_AXIS 2
> +
> +/* Position in the sysfs attribute array */
> +#define X_AXIS_ATTR 0
> +#define Y_AXIS_ATTR 1
> +#define Z_AXIS_ATTR 2
> +#define DATA_ATTR 3
> +
> +/*
> + * Functions declaration
> + */
> +static void adxl345_init_client(struct i2c_client *client);
> +static struct adxl345_data *adxl345_update_device(struct device *dev);
> +static void convert_to_fraction(s16 data, u8 whole_scale, u8
> fraction_scale,
> +                                       int *decimal, int *fraction);
> +
> +/*
> + * Client data (each client gets its own)
> + */
> +struct adxl345_data {
> +       struct i2c_client       client;
> +       struct device           *hwmon_dev;
> +       struct mutex            update_lock;    /* lock on the structure
> */
> +       char                    valid;          /* 0 until below are
> valid */
> +       unsigned long           last_updated;   /* in jiffies */
> +
> +       /*
> +        * ADXL345 Data
> +        * In two's complement, data coming in from or going out to
> user-space
> +        * must be converted.
> +        */
> +       u8                      offset[NUMBER_OF_AXES];
> +       u16                     data[NUMBER_OF_AXES];
> +};
> +
> +
> +/*
> + * Converts internal data to a decimal-fraction value.
> + * Notes: Must already be converted out of twos complement
> + *
> + * @param data  Data to be converted
> + * @param whole_scale Scale factor for whole number part. (Set to 1 for
> no scaling).
> + * @param fraction_scale Scale factor for fractional number part. (Set
> to 1 for no scaling).
> + * @param decimal Pointer to location to store decimal part.
> + * @param fraction Pointer to location to store fractional part.
> + */
> +static void convert_to_fraction(s16 data, u8 whole_scale, u8
> fraction_scale,
> +                                       int *decimal, int *fraction)
> +{
> +       int temp_decimal, temp_fraction, temp;
> +       int sign = 1;
> +
> +       /* Scale the decimal and fractional parts */
> +       temp_decimal = data * whole_scale * 10;
> +       temp_fraction = data * fraction_scale;
> +
> +       /* get rid of the sign for negative fractions */
> +       if (temp_fraction < 0) {
> +               sign = -1;
> +               temp_fraction *= sign;
> +       }
> +
> +       /* If necessary, carry */
> +       if (temp_fraction >= 10) {
> +               /* Add to the decimal part */
> +               temp_decimal += sign * temp_fraction;
> +
> +               /* Amount to be subtracted from the fractional part */
> +               temp = temp_fraction / 10;
> +
> +               temp_fraction -= temp * 10;
> +       }
> +
> +       temp_decimal /= 10;
> +
> +       /*
> +        * If at least 10 still remains in the fractional part, one
> +        * last carry
> +        */
> +       if (temp_fraction >= 10) {
> +               temp_decimal += sign;
> +               temp_fraction -= 10;
> +       }
> +
> +       /* Pass the values up */
> +       *decimal = temp_decimal;
> +       *fraction = temp_fraction;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Called in response to cat ofs(x,y,z) in sysfs
> + *
> + * @param dev Pointer to device
> + * @param attr Pointer to the device attributes
> + * @param buf Pointer to string shown in user space
> + * @return Number of chars copied to buffer
> +*/
> +static ssize_t show_offset(struct device *dev,
> +                               struct device_attribute *attr,
> +                               char *buf)
> +{
> +       int index = to_sensor_dev_attr(attr)->index;
> +       struct adxl345_data *data = adxl345_update_device(dev);
> +       int decimal, fraction;
> +       s8 temp_data;
> +
> +       dev_dbg(dev, "%s\n", __func__);
> +
> +       /* Convert from 2's complement */
> +       temp_data = ~(data->offset[index] - 1);
> +
> +       dev_dbg(dev, "temp_data=%d\n", temp_data);
> +
> +       convert_to_fraction(temp_data,
> +                       OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE,
> +                       OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL,
> +                       &decimal,
> +                       &fraction);
> +
> +       return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE,
> +                       "%4d.%1d\n", decimal, fraction);
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Called in response to echoing data to ofs(x,y,z) in sysfs
> + * Note: Input range is -1998 to 1998 milli-g's
> + *
> + * @param dev Pointer to device
> + * @param attr Pointer to the device attributes
> + * @param buf Pointer to string passed in from user space
> + * @param count Number of chars passed in from user space..
> + * @return Number of chars passed in from user space.
> + */
> +static ssize_t set_offset(struct device *dev,
> +                               struct device_attribute *attr,
> +                               const char *buf,
> +                               size_t count)
> +{
> +       int index = to_sensor_dev_attr(attr)->index;
> +       struct i2c_client *client = to_i2c_client(dev);
> +       struct adxl345_data *data = i2c_get_clientdata(client);
> +       long val;
> +       long temp_val;
> +
> +       dev_dbg(dev, "%s\n", __func__);
> +
> +       if (!strict_strtol(buf, 10, &val)) {
> +               dev_dbg(dev, "error in converting string '%s' to
> long\n",
> +                               buf);
> +               return 0;
> +       }
> +
> +       /* If outside offset range, clip to max or min value */
> +       if (val < MIN_OFFSET)
> +               val = MIN_OFFSET;
> +       else if (val > MAX_OFFSET)
> +               val = MAX_OFFSET;
> +
> +       temp_val = (val * 100) %
> +                       ((OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE * 100) +
> +                       (OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL * 10));
> +       if (temp_val < 0)
> +               temp_val *= -1;
> +
> +       /* Get rid of scale for internal storage */
> +       val = (val * 100) /
> +                       ((OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE * 100) +
> +                       (OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL * 10));
> +
> +       if (temp_val > (OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE * 100) / 2 && val > 0)
> +               ++val;
> +       else if (temp_val > (OFFSET_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE * 100) / 2 && val
> < 0)
> +               --val;
> +
> +       val = ~val + 1;  /* convert to two's complement */
> +
> +       mutex_lock(&data->update_lock);
> +
> +       data->offset[index] = val;
> +
> +       dev_dbg(dev, "offset[%d]=%d\n", index, data->offset[index]);
> +
> +       /* Write the avlue to the chip via I2C */
> +       i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(client,
> +                       ADXL345_REG_OFS(index),
> +                       data->offset[index]);
> +
> +       mutex_unlock(&data->update_lock);
> +
> +       return count;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Called in response to cat data in sysfs
> + *
> + * @param dev Pointer to device
> + * @param attr Pointer to the device attributes
> + * @param buf Pointer to string shown in user space
> + * @return Number of chars copied to buffer
> +*/
> +static ssize_t show_data(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute
> *attr,
> +                               char *buf)
> +{
> +       int i;
> +       s16 temp_data;
> +       int decimal[NUMBER_OF_AXES], fraction[NUMBER_OF_AXES];
> +
> +       struct adxl345_data *data = adxl345_update_device(dev);
> +
> +       /* Convert x,y,z values */
> +       for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_AXES; i++) {
> +               /* Convert from 2's complement */
> +               temp_data = ~(data->data[i] - 1);
> +

it doesn't need convertion if data->data[i] with bit16==0.

--wxc200
> +               convert_to_fraction(temp_data,
> +                               DATA_SCALE_FACTOR_WHOLE,
> +                               DATA_SCALE_FACTOR_FRACTIONAL,
> +                               &decimal[i],
> +                               &fraction[i]);
> +       }
> +
> +       return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE,
> +                       "x:%5d.%1d y:%5d.%1d z:%5d.%1d\n",
> +                       decimal[X_AXIS], fraction[X_AXIS],
> +                       decimal[Y_AXIS], fraction[Y_AXIS],
> +                       decimal[Z_AXIS], fraction[Z_AXIS]);
> +}
> +
> +/*  Attributes of the sysfs entries */
> +static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(ofsx, S_IWUSR | S_IRUGO,
> +                               show_offset, set_offset, X_AXIS_ATTR);
> +static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(ofsy, S_IWUSR | S_IRUGO,
> +                               show_offset, set_offset, Y_AXIS_ATTR);
> +static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(ofsz, S_IWUSR | S_IRUGO,
> +                               show_offset, set_offset, Z_AXIS_ATTR);
> +static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(data, S_IRUGO,
> +                               show_data, NULL, DATA_ATTR);
> +
> +static struct attribute *adxl345_attributes[] = {
> +       &sensor_dev_attr_ofsx.dev_attr.attr,
> +       &sensor_dev_attr_ofsy.dev_attr.attr,
> +       &sensor_dev_attr_ofsz.dev_attr.attr,
> +       &sensor_dev_attr_data.dev_attr.attr,
> +       NULL
> +};
> +
> +static const struct attribute_group adxl345_group = {
> +       .attrs = adxl345_attributes,
> +};
> +
> +/*
> + * Initialize the chip
> + *
> + * @param client Pointer to the client structure
> + */
> +static void adxl345_init_client(struct i2c_client *client)
> +{
> +       dev_dbg(&client->dev, "%s\n", __func__);
> +
> +       /*
> +        * Set up the device, No self test, Dont care about SPI or
> +        * interrupt, 10 bit resoltion, +/- 16g range
> +        */
> +       i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(client, ADXL345_REG_DATA_FORMAT,
> 0x03);
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Does more than just detection. If detection succeeds, it also
> + * registers the new chip.
> + *
> + * @param adapter Pointer to the adapter
> + * @param address I2C address
> + * @return Zero, upon success
> + */
> +static int adxl345_probe(struct i2c_client *client,
> +                               const struct i2c_device_id *id)
> +{
> +       struct adxl345_data *data;
> +       int err = 0;
> +       u8 dev_id;
> +
> +       dev_dbg(&client->dev, "%s\n", __func__);
> +
> +       if (!i2c_check_functionality(client->adapter,
> I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA))
> +               return -ENODEV;
> +
> +       data = kzalloc(sizeof(struct adxl345_data), GFP_KERNEL);
> +       if (!data)
> +               return -ENOMEM;
> +
> +       i2c_set_clientdata(client, data);
> +
> +       #ifdef SIMULATE
> +       dev_id = 0xE5; /* Spoof the Analog Devices device ID */
> +       dev_dbg(&client->dev, "Simulating ADXL345 device\n");
> +       #else
> +       dev_id = i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client, ADXL345_REG_DEV_ID);
> +       #endif
> +
> +       /* If the chip is not from Analog Devices, report an error */
> +       if (dev_id != 0xE5) {
> +               dev_err(&client->dev, "Unsupported chip
> (dev_id=0x%02X)\n",
> +                               dev_id);
> +               err = -EINVAL;
> +               goto err_free_mem;
> +       }
> +
> +       dev_info(&client->dev, "chip found, driver version "
> +                       DRV_VERSION "\n");
> +
> +       /* We can fill in the remaining client fields */
> +       mutex_init(&data->update_lock);
> +
> +       /* Initialize the ADXL345 chip */
> +       adxl345_init_client(client);
> +
> +       /* Register sysfs hooks */
> +       err = sysfs_create_group(&client->dev.kobj, &adxl345_group);
> +       if (err)
> +               goto err_free_mem;
> +
> +       data->hwmon_dev = hwmon_device_register(&client->dev);
> +       if (IS_ERR(data->hwmon_dev)) {
> +               err = PTR_ERR(data->hwmon_dev);
> +               goto err_remove;
> +       }
> +
> +       return 0;
> +
> +err_remove:
> +       sysfs_remove_group(&client->dev.kobj, &adxl345_group);
> +err_free_mem:
> +       kfree(data);
> +
> +       return err;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Unregister device, remove the sysfs entries, and detach the client
> + * from I2C bus.
> + *
> + * @param client Pointer to the client structure
> + * @return Zero, upon success.
> + */
> +static int adxl345_remove(struct i2c_client *client)
> +{
> +       struct adxl345_data *data = i2c_get_clientdata(client);
> +
> +       hwmon_device_unregister(data->hwmon_dev);
> +       sysfs_remove_group(&client->dev.kobj, &adxl345_group);
> +
> +       i2c_unregister_device(client);
> +
> +       kfree(data);
> +
> +       return 0;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Gets the data from the chip.
> + *
> + * @param client Pointer to the device
> + * @return Pointer to structure containing the data
> + */
> +static struct adxl345_data *adxl345_update_device(struct device *dev)
> +{
> +       struct i2c_client *client = to_i2c_client(dev);
> +       struct adxl345_data *data = i2c_get_clientdata(client);
> +       int i;
> +
> +       dev_dbg(dev, "%s\n", __func__);
> +
> +       mutex_lock(&data->update_lock);
> +
> +       /*
> +        * This delay is 500ms, based on a default value of 100 for HZ
> +        * in ARM kernels
> +        */
> +       if (time_after(jiffies, data->last_updated + HZ * 50) ||
> +               !data->valid) {
> +               for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_AXES; i++) {
> +                       data->offset[i] =
> i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client,
> +                                               ADXL345_REG_OFS(i));
> +                       dev_dbg(dev, "offset[%d]=%d\n", i,
> data->offset[i]);
> +               }
> +
> +               /*
> +                * Concatenate the data from each register pair
> +                * Indexing logic is needed as per ADXL345 spec, LSB is
> first
> +                * INDEX(reg)  LSB  MSB
> +                *     0        0    1
> +                *     1        2    3
> +                *     2        4    5
> +                */
> +               for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_AXES; i++) {
> +                       /* Get the MSB, shift by 8, and then get the LSB
> */
> +                       data->data[i] = i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client,
> +                                               ADXL345_REG_DATA(i*2+1))
> << 8;
> +                       data->data[i] |=
> i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client,
> +                                               ADXL345_REG_DATA(i*2));
> +
> +                       dev_dbg(dev, "data[%d]=%d\n", i, data->data[i]);
> +               }
> +
> +               data->last_updated = jiffies;
> +               data->valid = 1;
> +       }
> +
> +       mutex_unlock(&data->update_lock);
> +
> +       return data;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Driver data (common to all clients)
> + */
> +
> +static const struct i2c_device_id adxl345_id[] = {
> +       { "adxl345", 0 },
> +       { }
> +};
> +MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(i2c, adxl345_id);
> +
> +static struct i2c_driver adxl345_driver = {
> +       .driver = {
> +               .name   = DRV_NAME,
> +       },
> +       .probe          = adxl345_probe,
> +       .remove         = adxl345_remove,
> +       .id_table       = adxl345_id,
> +};
> +
> +/*
> + * Initialize the module
> + *
> + * @return Zero, upon success
> + */
> +static int __init adxl345_init(void)
> +{
> +       return i2c_add_driver(&adxl345_driver);
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Remove the module
> + */
> +static void __exit adxl345_exit(void)
> +{
> +       i2c_del_driver(&adxl345_driver);
> +}
> +
> +MODULE_AUTHOR("Robert Mehranfar <robertme@earthlink.net>");
> +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Analog Devices ADXL345 driver");
> +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
> +MODULE_VERSION(DRV_VERSION);
> +
> +module_init(adxl345_init);
> +module_exit(adxl345_exit);