[PATCH v2 09/11] crypto: Documentation - BLKCIPHER API documentation

Stephan Mueller
2014-11-02T20:43:44Z

The API function calls exported by the kernel crypto API for
synchronous block ciphers to be used by consumers are documented.

Signed-off-by: Stephan Mueller <smueller@chronox.de>
CC: Marek Vasut <marex@denx.de>
---
include/linux/crypto.h | 268 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 file changed, 268 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/linux/crypto.h b/include/linux/crypto.h
index 12c8a7a..ff15057 100644
--- a/include/linux/crypto.h
+++ b/include/linux/crypto.h
@@ -1593,6 +1593,105 @@ static inline void aead_request_set_assoc(struct aead_request *req,
req->assoclen = assoclen;
}

+/**
+ * Synchronous block cipher API to use the ciphers of type
+ * CRYPTO_ALG_TYPE_BLKCIPHER (listed as type "blkcipher" in /proc/crypto)
+ *
+ * Synchronous calls, have a context in the tfm. But since a single tfm can be
+ * used in multiple calls and in parallel, this info should not be changeable
+ * (unless a lock is used). This applies, for example, to the symmetric key.
+ * However, the IV is changeable, so there is an iv field in blkcipher_tfm
+ * structure for synchronous blkcipher api. So, its the only state info that can
+ * be kept for synchronous calls without using a big lock across a tfm.
+ *
+ * The block cipher API allows the use of a complete cipher, i.e. a cipher
+ * consisting of a template (a block chaining mode) and a single block cipher
+ * primitive (e.g. AES).
+ *
+ * The plaintext data buffer and the ciphertext data buffer are pointed to
+ * by using scatter/gather lists. The cipher operation is performed
+ * on all segments of the provided scatter/gather lists.
+ *
+ * The kernel crypto API supports a cipher operation "in-place" which means that
+ * the caller may provide the same scatter/gather list for the plaintext and
+ * cipher text. After the completion of the cipher operation, the plaintext
+ * data is replaced with the ciphertext data in case of an encryption and vice
+ * versa for a decryption. The caller must ensure that the scatter/gather lists
+ * for the output data point to sufficiently large buffers, i.e. multiples of
+ * the block size of the cipher.
+ *
+ * The following code is an example:
+ * #include <linux/crypto.h>
+ * #include <linux/scatterlist.h> // scatterlist API
+ * #include <linux/random.h> // needed for get_random_bytes
+ *
+ * static int test_blkcipher(void)
+ * {
+ * struct crypto_blkcipher *blkcipher = NULL;
+ * char *cipher = "cbc(aes)";
+ * // AES 128
+ * char *key =
+"\x12\x34\x56\x78\x90\xab\xcd\xef\x12\x34\x56\x78\x90\xab\xcd\xef";
+ * char *iv =
+"\x12\x34\x56\x78\x90\xab\xcd\xef\x12\x34\x56\x78\x90\xab\xcd\xef";
+ * unsigned int ivsize = 0;
+ * char *scratchpad = NULL; // holds plaintext and ciphertext
+ * struct scatterlist sg;
+ * struct blkcipher_desc desc;
+ * int ret = -EFAULT;
+ *
+ * blkcipher = crypto_alloc_blkcipher(cipher, 0, 0);
+ * if (IS_ERR(blkcipher)) {
+ * printk("could not allocate blkcipher handle for %s\n", cipher);
+ * return -PTR_ERR(blkcipher);
+ * }
+ *
+ * if (crypto_blkcipher_setkey(blkcipher, key, strlen(key))) {
+ * printk("key could not be set\n");
+ * ret = -EAGAIN;
+ * goto out;
+ * }
+ *
+ * ivsize = crypto_blkcipher_ivsize(blkcipher);
+ * if (ivsize) {
+ * if (ivsize != strlen(iv))
+ * printk("IV length differs from expected length\n");
+ * crypto_blkcipher_set_iv(blkcipher, iv, ivsize);
+ * }
+ *
+ * scratchpad = kmalloc(crypto_blkcipher_blocksize(blkcipher), GFP_KERNEL);
+ * if (!scratchpad) {
+ * printk("could not allocate scratchpad for %s\n", cipher);
+ * goto out;
+ * }
+ * // get some random data that we want to encrypt
+ * get_random_bytes(scratchpad, crypto_blkcipher_blocksize(blkcipher));
+ *
+ * desc.flags = 0;
+ * desc.tfm = blkcipher;
+ * sg_init_one(&sg, scratchpad, crypto_blkcipher_blocksize(blkcipher));
+ *
+ * // encrypt data in place
+ * crypto_blkcipher_encrypt(&desc, &sg, &sg,
+ * crypto_blkcipher_blocksize(blkcipher));
+ *
+ * // decrypt data in place
+ * // crypto_blkcipher_decrypt(&desc, &sg, &sg,
+ * // crypto_blkcipher_blocksize(blkcipher));
+ *
+ *
+ * printk("Cipher operation completed\n");
+ * return 0;
+ *
+ *out:
+ * if (blkcipher)
+ * crypto_free_blkcipher(blkcipher);
+ * if (scratchpad)
+ * kzfree(scratchpad);
+ * return ret;
+ *}
+ */
+
static inline struct crypto_blkcipher *__crypto_blkcipher_cast(
struct crypto_tfm *tfm)
{
@@ -1606,6 +1705,20 @@ static inline struct crypto_blkcipher *crypto_blkcipher_cast(
return __crypto_blkcipher_cast(tfm);
}

+/**
+ * Allocate a cipher handle for a block cipher. The returned struct
+ * crypto_blkcipher is the cipher handle that is required for any subsequent
+ * API invocation for that block cipher.
+ *
+ * @alg_name is the cra_name / name or cra_driver_name / driver name of the
+ * blkcipher cipher
+ * @type specifies the type of the cipher (see Documentation/crypto/)
+ * @mask specifies the mask for the cipher (see Documentation/crypto/)
+ *
+ * return value:
+ * allocated cipher handle in case of success
+ * IS_ERR() is true in case of an error, PTR_ERR() returns the error code.
+ */
static inline struct crypto_blkcipher *crypto_alloc_blkcipher(
const char *alg_name, u32 type, u32 mask)
{
@@ -1622,11 +1735,28 @@ static inline struct crypto_tfm *crypto_blkcipher_tfm(
return &tfm->base;
}

+/**
+ * The referenced block cipher handle is zeroized and subsequently freed.
+ *
+ * @tfm cipher handle to be freed
+ */
static inline void crypto_free_blkcipher(struct crypto_blkcipher *tfm)
{
crypto_free_tfm(crypto_blkcipher_tfm(tfm));
}

+/**
+ * Lookup function to search for the availability of a block cipher.
+ *
+ * @alg_name is the cra_name / name or cra_driver_name / driver name of the
+ * block cipher
+ * @type specifies the type of the cipher (see Documentation/crypto/)
+ * @mask specifies the mask for the cipher (see Documentation/crypto/)
+
+ * return value:
+ * true when the block cipher is known to the kernel crypto API.
+ * false otherwise
+ */
static inline int crypto_has_blkcipher(const char *alg_name, u32 type, u32 mask)
{
type &= ~CRYPTO_ALG_TYPE_MASK;
@@ -1636,6 +1766,15 @@ static inline int crypto_has_blkcipher(const char *alg_name, u32 type, u32 mask)
return crypto_has_alg(alg_name, type, mask);
}

+/**
+ * The function returns the name / cra_name of the cipher pointed to with
+ * the cipher handle.
+ *
+ * @tfm cipher handle
+ *
+ * return value:
+ * The character string holding the name of the cipher
+ */
static inline const char *crypto_blkcipher_name(struct crypto_blkcipher *tfm)
{
return crypto_tfm_alg_name(crypto_blkcipher_tfm(tfm));
@@ -1653,11 +1792,30 @@ static inline struct blkcipher_alg *crypto_blkcipher_alg(
return &crypto_blkcipher_tfm(tfm)->__crt_alg->cra_blkcipher;
}

+/**
+ * The size of the IV for the block cipher referenced by the cipher handle is
+ * returned. This IV size may be zero if the cipher does not need an IV.
+ *
+ * @tfm cipher handle
+ *
+ * return value:
+ * IV size in bytes
+ */
static inline unsigned int crypto_blkcipher_ivsize(struct crypto_blkcipher *tfm)
{
return crypto_blkcipher_alg(tfm)->ivsize;
}

+/**
+ * The block size for the block cipher referenced with the cipher handle is
+ * returned. The caller may use that information to allocate appropriate
+ * memory for the data returned by the encryption or decryption operation.
+ *
+ * @tfm cipher handle
+ *
+ * return value:
+ * block size of cipher
+ */
static inline unsigned int crypto_blkcipher_blocksize(
struct crypto_blkcipher *tfm)
{
@@ -1687,6 +1845,23 @@ static inline void crypto_blkcipher_clear_flags(struct crypto_blkcipher *tfm,
crypto_tfm_clear_flags(crypto_blkcipher_tfm(tfm), flags);
}

+/**
+ * The caller provided key is set for the block cipher referenced by the cipher
+ * handle.
+ *
+ * Note, the key length determines the cipher type. Many block ciphers implement
+ * different cipher modes depending on the key size, such as AES-128 vs AES-192
+ * vs. AES-256. When providing a 16 byte key for an AES cipher handle, AES-128
+ * is performed.
+ *
+ * @tfm cipher handle
+ * @key buffer holding the key
+ * @keylen length of the key in bytes
+ *
+ * return value:
+ * 0 if the setting of the key was successful
+ * < 0 if an error occurred
+ */
static inline int crypto_blkcipher_setkey(struct crypto_blkcipher *tfm,
const u8 *key, unsigned int keylen)
{
@@ -1694,6 +1869,26 @@ static inline int crypto_blkcipher_setkey(struct crypto_blkcipher *tfm,
key, keylen);
}

+/**
+ * Encrypt plaintext data using the IV set by the caller with a preceding
+ * call of crypto_blkcipher_set_iv.
+ *
+ * The blkcipher_desc data structure must be filled by the caller and can
+ * reside on the stack. The caller must fill desc as follows:
+ *
+ * desc.tfm is filled with the block cipher handle
+ * desc.flags is filled with either CRYPTO_TFM_REQ_MAY_SLEEP or 0
+ *
+ * @desc reference to the block cipher handle with meta data
+ * @dst scatter/gather list that is filled by the cipher operation with the
+ * ciphertext
+ * @src scatter/gather list that holds the plaintext
+ * @nbytes number of bytes of the plaintext to encrypt.
+ *
+ * return value:
+ * 0 if the cipher operation was successful
+ * < 0 if an error occurred
+ */
static inline int crypto_blkcipher_encrypt(struct blkcipher_desc *desc,
struct scatterlist *dst,
struct scatterlist *src,
@@ -1703,6 +1898,27 @@ static inline int crypto_blkcipher_encrypt(struct blkcipher_desc *desc,
return crypto_blkcipher_crt(desc->tfm)->encrypt(desc, dst, src, nbytes);
}

+/**
+ * Encrypt plaintext data with the use of an IV that is solely used for this
+ * cipher operation. Any previously set IV is not used.
+ *
+ * The blkcipher_desc data structure must be filled by the caller and can
+ * reside on the stack. The caller must fill desc as follows:
+ *
+ * desc.tfm is filled with the block cipher handle
+ * desc.info is filled with the IV to be used for the current operation
+ * desc.flags is filled with either CRYPTO_TFM_REQ_MAY_SLEEP or 0
+ *
+ * @desc reference to the block cipher handle with meta data
+ * @dst scatter/gather list that is filled by the cipher operation with the
+ * ciphertext
+ * @src scatter/gather list that holds the plaintext
+ * @nbytes number of bytes of the plaintext to encrypt.
+ *
+ * return value:
+ * 0 if the cipher operation was successful
+ * < 0 if an error occurred
+ */
static inline int crypto_blkcipher_encrypt_iv(struct blkcipher_desc *desc,
struct scatterlist *dst,
struct scatterlist *src,
@@ -1711,6 +1927,24 @@ static inline int crypto_blkcipher_encrypt_iv(struct blkcipher_desc *desc,
return crypto_blkcipher_crt(desc->tfm)->encrypt(desc, dst, src, nbytes);
}

+/**
+ * Decrypt ciphertext data using the IV set by the caller with a preceding
+ * call of crypto_blkcipher_set_iv.
+ *
+ * The blkcipher_desc data structure must be filled by the caller as documented
+ * for the crypto_blkcipher_encrypt call above.
+ *
+ * @desc reference to the block cipher handle with meta data
+ * @dst scatter/gather list that is filled by the cipher operation with the
+ * plaintext
+ * @src scatter/gather list that holds the ciphertext
+ * @nbytes number of bytes of the ciphertext to decrypt.
+ *
+ * return value:
+ * 0 if the cipher operation was successful
+ * < 0 if an error occurred
+ *
+ */
static inline int crypto_blkcipher_decrypt(struct blkcipher_desc *desc,
struct scatterlist *dst,
struct scatterlist *src,
@@ -1720,6 +1954,23 @@ static inline int crypto_blkcipher_decrypt(struct blkcipher_desc *desc,
return crypto_blkcipher_crt(desc->tfm)->decrypt(desc, dst, src, nbytes);
}

+/**
+ * Decrypt ciphertext data with the use of an IV that is solely used for this
+ * cipher operation. Any previously set IV is not used.
+ *
+ * The blkcipher_desc data structure must be filled by the caller as documented
+ * for the crypto_blkcipher_encrypt_iv call above.
+ *
+ * @desc reference to the block cipher handle with meta data
+ * @dst scatter/gather list that is filled by the cipher operation with the
+ * plaintext
+ * @src scatter/gather list that holds the ciphertext
+ * @nbytes number of bytes of the ciphertext to decrypt.
+ *
+ * return value:
+ * 0 if the cipher operation was successful
+ * < 0 if an error occurred
+ */
static inline int crypto_blkcipher_decrypt_iv(struct blkcipher_desc *desc,
struct scatterlist *dst,
struct scatterlist *src,
@@ -1728,12 +1979,29 @@ static inline int crypto_blkcipher_decrypt_iv(struct blkcipher_desc *desc,
return crypto_blkcipher_crt(desc->tfm)->decrypt(desc, dst, src, nbytes);
}

+/**
+ * The caller provided IV is set for the block cipher referenced by the cipher
+ * handle.
+ *
+ * @tfm cipher handle
+ * @src buffer holding the IV
+ * @len length of the IV in bytes
+ */
static inline void crypto_blkcipher_set_iv(struct crypto_blkcipher *tfm,
const u8 *src, unsigned int len)
{
memcpy(crypto_blkcipher_crt(tfm)->iv, src, len);
}

+/**
+ * The caller can obtain the IV set for the block cipher referenced by the
+ * cipher handle and store it into the user-provided buffer. If the buffer
+ * has an insufficient space, the IV is truncated to fit the buffer.
+ *
+ * @tfm cipher handle
+ * @dst buffer filled with the IV
+ * @len length of the buffer dst
+ */
static inline void crypto_blkcipher_get_iv(struct crypto_blkcipher *tfm,
u8 *dst, unsigned int len)
{
--
2.1.0